digestive system · digestive system how your body obtains nutrients thursday, march 3, 16....
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Digestive SystemHow your body obtains nutrients
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Digestion
Function of the Digestive System:Break down food to gain energy
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Digestion
Two types of digestion1) Mechanical:
Chew, Tear, Grind, Mash, Mix2) Chemical
Enzymes (chemicals) break down food
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Mouth
Pharynx
Esophagus
Pancreas
Stomach
Liver
Salivary Glands
Rectum
Large Intestine
Small Intestine
Gallbladder
Anus
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Gastrointestinal Tract
Gastrointestinal (Gl) tract
Direct link/path between organs
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GI TRACTMouthPharynxEsophagusStomachSmall intestineLarge IntestineRectum
Accessory OrgansSalivary GlandsGallbladderLiverPancreas
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Part 1:DigestionBreaking down the food
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MouthChemical Digestion:
Saliva released to break down food.
Mechanical Digestion
Chewing
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Mouth
On average we produce .75 to 1.5L of saliva per day
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Epiglottis
A flap of soft tissue.
Stops food from entering the lungs.
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Esophagus
Connects mouth to stomach
Composed of smooth muscle which move food down to stomach
PERISTALSIS
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Stomach
Stores the food you eat
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Stomach
Chemical Digestion:Gastric Juices contain acid to break down food.
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Stomach
Mechanical Digestion
Stomach churning helps to mix food.
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Small Intestine
2.5cm diameter, 7m in lengthDigestion (start) AND absorption (end) happen here.
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Small Intestine
Chemical Digestion:
Digestive enzymes breakdown food into particles.
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Small Intestine
Mechanical Digestion:Peristalsis helps break food into smaller particles.
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Pancreas
Releases insulin to help regulate blood sugar.
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Liver Involved in the removal and breakdown of toxins (such as alcohol)
Liver produces and creates bile
Bile: helps breakdown fats
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Part 2: AbsorptionGetting the food into our cells
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Small Intestine
Microvilli (finger-like tubes) project from the small intestine.
Provide more room to absorb food.
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Large Intestine
7.6cm diameter, 1.5m in length
Colon: largest part of the large intestine
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Large Intestine
Water, salts, minerals are absorbed hereNearly 8 L of fluid enters the large intestine – only about 0.1 L or so comes out as solid waste.
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Large Intestine
Contains bacteria that help further breakdown food.
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Digestive Disorders
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Crohn’s DiseaseInflammatory disorder
A chronic inflammation of the intestines.
Ulcers in the intestines.
Rectal bleeding, weight loss and fever.
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Celiac Disease
Malabsorptive disorder.
An allergic reaction to gluten, a protein present in most grains.
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Structural disorder
A portion of the stomach pushes up into the chest cavity through the spot normally occupied by the esophagus.
Hiatus Hernia
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