Digestive System

Chapter 38 Section 2

Types of Digestion1) CHEMICAL DIGESTIONDigestion done using

enzymes and acid; purpose is to break food into tiny microscopic building blocks, so they can be absorbed into the blood stream.

2) PHYSICAL DIGESTIONbreaking food into smaller chunks—uses teeth, and stomach grinding *aka=mechanical digestion

Organs of the Alimentary Canal:

(the “tube” that food passes

through)1. Digestion begins in the mouth. Back of throat is

the epiglottistissue flap that separates the trachea from the esophagus.

Organs of the Alimentary Canal:

(the “tube” that food passes

through)2. Esophagus: tube connecting the mouth and

stomach

Organs of the Alimentary Canal:

(the “tube” that food passes

through)3. Stomach: j shaped pouch that uses enzymes

(pepsinbreaks down proteins) and acids that digest food into building blocks

***lined with mucusa hole in mucus layer = ulcer.

Organs of the Alimentary Canal:

(the “tube” that food passes

through)4. Small intestine: contains small finger-like cells

called villi, which absorbs (sucks up) the small building blocksamino acids; fatty acids & monosaccharides

***your s.i. is 18-24 feet long; it’s held together by a membrane called the mesentery.

Organs of the Alimentary Canal:

(the “tube” that food passes

through)5. Large intestines: absorbs water and

makes/stores feces ***feces is stored in the rectum (last part of the l.i.) ***feces is expelled out of the body through the anus ***the non-functioning organ called the appendix is located at the junction of the s.i. and the l.i.

ACCESSORY ORGANS OF

DIGESTION: (food does not pass

through these organs)1. Liver: makes bile to help digest fats; has 3 lobes***largest internal body organ***covers the stomach, pancreas, and top of the l.i.***located below the diaphragm***brown in color***the liver dumps its bile into the s.i.

ACCESSORY ORGANS OF

DIGESTION: (food does not pass

through these organs)2. Pancreas: the enzyme factory of the body—

makes enzymes used in chemical digestion***dumps its enzymes into the s.i.

ACCESSORY ORGANS OF

DIGESTION: (food does not pass

through these organs)3. Gall Bladder: stores extra bile from the liver.

1. Salivary gland:Chemical digestion—breaks down starch using amalayse

2. Esophagus—moves food to stomach

3. Stomach: physical and chemical digestion occur4. Pancreas: aids S.I. in

chemical digestion

5. Liver: aids S.I. in chemical digestion

6. Gall bladder: stores bile 7. Large Intestines: absorbs water and stores feces in rectum

8. Appendix: no longer functional

9. Rectum/Anus: store and expels waste

10. Small Intestines: Chemical digestion and absorbs nutrients

11. Mouth: Teeth and Tongue help move food around—physical digestion