DIFFERENCES IN CARGO

SECURING REGULATIONS

- HOW COULD WE ACHIEVE HARMONIZATION?

Sven Sökjer-Petersen, MariTerm AB

Peter Andersson, MariTerm AB

Juraj Jagelcák, University of Zilina

DIFFERENCES IN CARGO SECURING REGULATIONS.

- HOW COULD WE ACHIEVE HARMONIZATION?

The Authors

Sven Sökjer-Petersen M.Sc. Chalmers University of Technology, Naval Architecture, CEO at MariTerm AB.

Peter Andersson M.Sc. Chalmers University of Technology, Naval Architecture, Master Mariner, Chairman of the Board at MariTerm AB, Secretary of SAGIT, Sweden.

Juraj Jagelcák PhD. in Transport Technology – Cargo Securing, University of Zilina, Assistant lecturer.

DIFFERENCES IN CARGO SECURING REGULATIONS.

- HOW COULD WE ACHIEVE HARMONIZATION?

MariTerm AB

• An engineering company

• Working within the field of transport, mainly with cargo securing for land

and sea transports

• 7 employees

• Independent – privately owned

• Established in 1978

DIFFERENCES IN CARGO SECURING REGULATIONS.

- HOW COULD WE ACHIEVE HARMONIZATION?

DIFFERENCES IN CARGO SECURING REGULATIONS.

- HOW COULD WE ACHIEVE HARMONIZATION?

DIFFERENCES IN CARGO SECURING REGULATIONS.

- HOW COULD WE ACHIEVE HARMONIZATION?

DIFFERENCES IN CARGO SECURING REGULATIONS.

- HOW COULD WE ACHIEVE HARMONIZATION?

Countries with cargo securing regulations

DIFFERENCES IN CARGO SECURING REGULATIONS.

- HOW COULD WE ACHIEVE HARMONIZATION?

Regulations within the study

• IMO Model Course 3.18 (Global)

• EN 12195-1 (2003), (2010) (EU Regional)

• German VDI 2700-2, (Germany)

• North America Cargo Securement Standard, (USA)

• Load Restraint Guide, (Australia)

• Truck Loading Code, (New Zeeland)

DIFFERENCES IN CARGO SECURING REGULATIONS.

- HOW COULD WE ACHIEVE HARMONIZATION?

Cargo and vehicles used in the comparison

Wooden box containing steel pipes weighing 10 tons.

Example 1 – An open vehicle Example 2 – A covered vehicle

DIFFERENCES IN CARGO SECURING REGULATIONS.

- HOW COULD WE ACHIEVE HARMONIZATION?

Variations of basic parameters

• Accelerations

DIFFERENCES IN CARGO SECURING REGULATIONS.

- HOW COULD WE ACHIEVE HARMONIZATION?

Variations of basic parameters

DIFFERENCES IN CARGO SECURING REGULATIONS.

- HOW COULD WE ACHIEVE HARMONIZATION?

Variations of basic parameters

• Accelerations

DIFFERENCES IN CARGO SECURING REGULATIONS.

- HOW COULD WE ACHIEVE HARMONIZATION?

Variations of basic parameters

• Coefficients of friction

Dry surface µ = 0.35 – 0.5

Wet surface µ = 0.2 – 0.3

Anti-slip mat µ = 50% of weight - 0.6

DIFFERENCES IN CARGO SECURING REGULATIONS.

- HOW COULD WE ACHIEVE HARMONIZATION?

Variations of basic parameters

• Strength and pre-tension for web lashing

Break Load: 4 ton

Safe Working Load: (WLL, LC, MSL)

1.3 – 2.0 ton

Pre-tension: 300 – 400 kg

Units ton, kg, lbs, kN, daN

DIFFERENCES IN CARGO SECURING REGULATIONS.

- HOW COULD WE ACHIEVE HARMONIZATION?

Variations of basic parameters

S TF S TF

m S

• Pre-tension

DIFFERENCES IN CARGO SECURING REGULATIONS.

- HOW COULD WE ACHIEVE HARMONIZATION?

Results – Highest and lowest requirements

- For wet & dirty surface with forward blocking

Lowest requirement, 3 lashings (NACSS)

Highest requirement, 29 lashings (EN 2003/ALRG)

DIFFERENCES IN CARGO SECURING REGULATIONS.

- HOW COULD WE ACHIEVE HARMONIZATION?

Results – Highest and lowest requirements

- For wet & dirty surface without blocking

Highest requirement, 57 lashings (EN 2003/ALRG)

Lowest requirement, 4 lashings (NACSS)

DIFFERENCES IN CARGO SECURING REGULATIONS.

- HOW COULD WE ACHIEVE HARMONIZATION?

Results – Highest and lowest requirements

- For dry & clean surface without blocking

Highest requirement, 25 lashings (EN 2003)

Lowest requirement, 4 lashings (NACSS)

DIFFERENCES IN CARGO SECURING REGULATIONS.

- HOW COULD WE ACHIEVE HARMONIZATION?

Results – Highest and lowest requirements

- For dry & clean surface with forward blocking

Highest requirement, 9 lashings (EN 2003)

Lowest requirement, 0 lashings (NZTLC)

DIFFERENCES IN CARGO SECURING REGULATIONS.

- HOW COULD WE ACHIEVE HARMONIZATION?

Results – Highest and lowest requirements

- For clean surface with rubber without blocking

Highest requirement, 10 lashings (IMO/NZTLC)

Lowest requirement, 4 lashings (NACSS)

DIFFERENCES IN CARGO SECURING REGULATIONS.

- HOW COULD WE ACHIEVE HARMONIZATION?

Examples

- A top-heavy box weighing 2 ton

Requirements according to IMO Requirements according to EN 2003

DIFFERENCES IN CARGO SECURING REGULATIONS.

- HOW COULD WE ACHIEVE HARMONIZATION?

Examples

- Beams weighing 24 ton

Requirements according to EN 12195-1 (2003) = 99 web lashings!

DIFFERENCES IN CARGO SECURING REGULATIONS.

- HOW COULD WE ACHIEVE HARMONIZATION?

Conclusions

• Few steps so far against harmonization for road transport

• For intermodal transports the situation is even more complex

• Administrative burden

• Decrease in competiveness

Recommendations

• IMO/ILO/UNECE Guidelines and EN 12195-1 (2010) gives the most

reasonable results

• IMO/ILO/UNECE Guidelines under revision (2012 – 2013)

=> non-mandatory code that could set a world wide standard