dietfit mobile application using rule- based system …

DIETFIT MOBILE APPLICATION USING RULE-

BASED SYSTEM TECHNIQUE

MUHAMMAD FARID BIN NAZMI

BACHELOR OF COMPUTER SCIENCE (SOFTWARE

DEVELOPMENT) WITH HONOURS

UNIVERSITI SULT AN ZAINAL ABIDIN

2021

DIETFIT MOBILE APPLICATION USING RULE-BASED

SYSTEM TECHNIQUE

MUHAMMAD FARID BIN NAZMI

BACHELOR OF COMPUTER SCIENCE (SOFTWARE

DEVELOPMENT) WITH HONOURS

Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin

2021

i

DECLARATION

I hereby declare that the report is based on my original work except for quotations and

citations, which have been duly acknowledged. I also declare that it has not been

previously or concurrently submitted for any other degree at Universiti Sultan Zainal

Abidin or other institutions.

farid _______________________________

Name: Muhammad Farid Bin Nazmi

Date: 1 February 2021

ii

CONFIRMATION

This is to confirm that: DietFit Mobile Application Using Rule-Based System

Technique proposal was prepared and submitted by Muhammad Farid Bin Nazmi with

Matric Number: BTAL18051138.

The research conducted and the writing of this report were under my supervision.

_______________________________

Name: Pn Norlina Binti Udin @ Kamaruddin

Date:

iii

DEDICATION

The Most Graceful and the Most Merciful in the Name of Allah.

I praise God for His goodness and grace; I can successfully prepare and complete this

article.

I want to begin by thanking my supervisor, Puan Norlina Binti Udin @ Kamaruddin. I

have the chance to prepare this study effectively with the feedback, advice and reflective

ideas.

Besides, my gratitude is also to my colleagues who share ideas, opinions, knowledge,

and reminders. They helped me answer every question that was important to me in

completing this report.

Thanks also to my beloved mother; Nor Aini Binti Husain and father; Nazmi Bin Mohd

Noor who always support and motivated me to prepare for this report for Final Year

Project.

I want to take this opportunity to thank both IT and IT Faculty lecturers for their care,

encouragement and advice in helping this study to thrive and to share thoughts.

May Allah SWT bless all the efforts made in this respect.

Thank you.

iv

ABSTRACT

Nutrition care is one of the most important parts of our life to stay fit and healthy.

Unbalance nutrition intake in our body may lead to an unhealthy lifestyle. People are

tended to search and discover more about diet as it is an alternative way to ensure they

can maintain their ideal weight but they do not have much time and also knowledge to

discover more about nutrition care. Currently there are many studies utilise rule-based

technique for nutrition care, but mostly focus on browsing and record daily calories

intake and do not have recommendation features for a whole day diet and exercise

recommendations. The research was conduct to study common problems in nutrition

care and the way to overcome the nutrition care problem in the public community. Thus,

this research aims to develop DietFit mobile application to guide people about their

nutrition care by allowing them to have digitial diet guidance with the use of rule-based

technique. DietFit not only will allow the user to guide their diet by recommending the

best meals for them but it also will allow users to get some recommendations about

exercise for their fitness activity. Developing this DietFit will result in many advantages

to many people because people can get recommended meals and exercise quickly and

faster without having to meet dietetic. In conclusion, DietFit mobile application will

contribute more to people who have problems in nutrition care where people can use

full advantages of technology to get faster and more convenient pieces of information

and recommendations about meals and exercise.

v

ABSTRAK

Penjagaan pemakanan adalah salah satu bahagian terpenting dalam hidup kita

untuk kekal cergas dan sihat. Pengambilan nutrien yang tidak seimbang di dalam badan

kita boleh menyebabkan gaya hidup yang tidak sihat. Orang cenderung mencari dan

mengetahui lebih banyak mengenai diet kerana ini adalah kaedah alternatif untuk

memastikan mereka dapat mengekalkan berat badan ideal tetapi mereka tidak

mempunyai banyak masa dan pengetahuan untuk mengetahui lebih lanjut mengenai

penjagaan pemakanan. Terdapat banyak kajian yang menggunakan teknik berdasarkan

peraturan untuk penjagaan pemakanan, tetapi kebanyakannya menumpukan perhatian

pada melayari dan merekodkan pengambilan kalori setiap hari dan tidak mempunyai

ciri cadangan untuk diet dan senaman seharian. Kajian ini dilakukan untuk mengkaji

masalah umum dalam penjagaan pemakanan dan cara mengatasi masalah penjagaan

pemakanan di masyarakat. Oleh itu, penyelidikan ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan

aplikasi mudah alih DietFit untuk membimbing orang tentang penjagaan pemakanan

mereka dengan membiarkan mereka mendapat panduan diet awal dengan penggunaan

teknik berasaskan peraturan. DietFit bukan sahaja akan membolehkan pengguna

membimbing diet mereka dengan mengesyorkan makanan terbaik untuk mereka tetapi

akan membolehkan pengguna mendapatkan beberapa cadangan mengenai latihan

untuk aktiviti kecergasan mereka. Membangunkan DietFit ini akan menghasilkan

banyak kelebihan kepada orang kerana orang boleh mendapatkan makanan yang

disyorkan dan bersenam dengan lebih cepat tanpa harus memenuhi diet.

Kesimpulannya, aplikasi DietFit akan menyumbang lebih banyak kepada orang yang

mempunyai masalah dalam penjagaan pemakanan di mana orang dapat menggunakan

vi

kelebihan teknologi sepenuhnya untuk mendapatkan maklumat dan cadangan yang

lebih pantas dan lebih mudah mengenai makanan dan senaman.

vii

CONTENTS

PAGE

DECLARATION i

CONFIRMATION ii

DEDICATION iii

ABSTRACT iv

ABSTRAK v

CONTENTS vii

LIST OF TABLES x

LIST OF FIGURES xi

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS xii

CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1

1.1 Introduction 1

1.2 Project Background 2

1.3 Problem Statement 3

1.4 Objectives 4

1.5 Scope 4

1.6 Limitation of Work 5

1.7 Expected Result 5

1.8 Activities, Milestones (Gantt Chart) 6

CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW 7

2.1 Introduction 7

2.2 Literature review article 8

2.3 Existing Application Comparison 10

2.4 Approach Solution 11

2.4.1 Rule-Based System Technique 11

2.4.2 Rule-Based System Algorithm 13

viii

CHAPTER 3 METHODOLOGY 15

3.1 Introduction 15

3.2 Iterative model development 15

3.2.1 Initial Planning Phase 16

3.2.2 Planning Phase 16

3.2.3 Requirement Phase 17

3.2.4 Analysis and Design Phase 17

3.2.5 Implementation Phase 18

3.2.6 Testing Phase 18

3.2.7 Evaluation Phase 19

3.2.8 Deployment Phase 19

3.2.9 Iteration Phase 19

3.3 System Requirement 20

3.3.1 Hardware Requirement 20

3.3.2 Software Requirement 22

3.4 Framework Design 23

3.5 System Design and Modelling 24

3.6 Context Diagram (CD) 25

3.7 Data Flow Diagram (DFD) 26

3.7.1 DFD Level 0 26

3.7.2 DFD Level 1 28

3.7.2.1 Process 4.0 manage diary record for meals and exercise (User)

28

3.7.2.2 Process 6.0 manage user (Admin)

29

ix

3.7.2.3 Process 7.0 manage meals and exercises (Admin)

30

3.7.2.4 Process 8.0 manage health tips and diary data (Admin)

31

3.8 Entity Relationship Diagram (ERD) 32

3.9 Data Dictionary Table 33

3.9.1 admin 33

3.9.2 user 34

3.9.3 list_meals 35

3.9.4 list_exercises 35

3.9.5 diary 36

3.9.6 health_tips 36

REFERENCES 37

x

LIST OF TABLES

Table No. Title Page

Table 1 Gantt Chart FYP 1 6

Table 2 article on literature review (existing system same method) 8

Table 3 comparison between existing application 10

Table 4 Laptop requirement which used to develop DietFit App 20

Table 5 Smartphone requirement which used to develop DietFit App 21

Table 6 Software used in development of DietFit App 22

Table 7 Data Dictionary Table for Admin 33

Table 8 Data Dictionary Table for user 34

Table 9 Data Dictionary Table for list_meals 35

Table 10 Data Dictionary Table for list_exercises 35

Table 11 Data Dictionary Table for diary 36

Table 12 Data Dictionary Table for health_tips 36

xi

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure No. Title Page

Figure 1 Basic architecture of rule-based system 11

Figure 2 Iterative model process cycle 16

Figure 3 Framework design DietFit Mobile Application 23

Figure 4 Context Diagram of DietFit Mobile Application 25

Figure 5 DFD Level 0 DietFit Mobile Application 27

Figure 6 DFD Level 1 Process 4.0 28




Figure 10 ERD DietFit Mobile Application 32

xii

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS

BMI Body Mass Index

SDLC System Development Life Cycle

CD Context Diagram

DFD Data Flow Diagram

ERD Entity Relationship Diagram

RMCO Recovery Movement Control Order

MCO Movement Control Order

RBS Rule-Based System

1 | P a g e

CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Introduction

Health is very important. People are very careful about their health, especially

during this world pandemic covid-19 where people stay at home most of the time.

Pandemic covid-19 makes people more focused on self-care to avoid being exposed to

covid-19 and also makes people less move and interact with the outside world due to

the Recovery Movement Control Order (RMCO) that has been directed by the

government. From this situation, people are only going out to buy necessities, work and

important business.

According to The Star Newspaper, Movement Control Order (MCO) diets drive

up Malaysia Obesity rates. As the MCO is started, most people always order food online

by using food delivery services such as food panda and grab food. Some of them keep

ordering fast food which then leads to obesity due to continuously consuming a lot of

calories into the body. According to the World Population Review 2019, Malaysia has

the highest prevalence of obesity among adults in South-East Asia at 15.6 percent,

followed by Brunei (14.1 percent), Thailand (10.0 percent) and Indonesia (6.9 percent).

People are also worried about their eating habits because staying at home most

of the time without any encouragement to stay fit and healthy may gain weight

drastically if they do not control eating habits. Besides, people tend to get disease easier

if they consume lots of unhealthy food such as fast-food. Through the issue arising,

DietFit mobile application is introduced as an alternative way to solve diet-related

issues and help to guide people on diet in the right ways.

2 | P a g e

1.2 Project Background

Nowadays, nutrition care is the most important thing to ensure healthy life.

Nutritional care is identified as a fundamental duty to provide patients with sufficient

and suitable food and drinks. On this basis, consider the improvements in nutritional

treatment required to ensure that the nutritional needs of patients are met. The Body

Mass Index (BMI) is a basic height index used commonly in the nutrition status

measurement. People usually do not care about Body Mass Index in the way of they

want to stay healthy. When they do not care their BMI, they tend to get obese day by

day. Having knowledge in nutrition care is more important to ensure BMI is maintain

in normal state. The proposed DietFit Mobile Application will provide more

understanding to people about their nutrition care because this application will provide

recommendation based on their input information according to a few criteria which the

main is their Body Mass Index. As the conclusion for this project background, DietFit

mobile application is proposed and aims to develop a mobile application based on the

Rule-Based System to recommend the best meal and exercise for the user. The proposed

DietFit recommendation application will be created based on a few criteria of rules such

as BMI, age and active level that will be implemented using the Rule-Based System

method.

3 | P a g e

1.3 Problem Statement

People are more concerned about their health specially to gain an ideal weight.

The acting concern for their health is good. However, some of them are lacking in

knowledge which may lead to wrong diet practice and also lack of motivation to stay

healthy.

The main problem faced by Malaysian users is that users found it is hard to meet

dietetic for diet counselling. Meeting with dietetic is the best solution for most of the

people who want to get counselling for diet as dietetic will provide counselling based

on the user lifestyle story and food intake pattern. The procedure to meet dietetic is user

must make appointment. This will make some users find difficult to search for suitable

time to deal with the appointment. Besides, dietetic is always busy with their

appointment schedule. Hence, this mobile application will provide users with simple

dietetic counselling which will give best recommendation based on information input

by the user.

Other than that, another problem faced by the user is that the user cannot find

any diet guidance before meeting with dietetic. Diet guidance such as quick food

recommender, short notes about healthy food and also some of the best info for food

eating diet are important to the user as preparation before meeting with dietetic. It is

important to have diet guidance before meeting with dietetic because when the user has

diet guidance, the user tends to have better understanding during dietetic counselling

sessions. After dietetic counselling sessions, the user becomes easier to practice new

diet results from having better understanding about nutrition and diet. Hence, this

application will act as diet guidance for the user as preparation before meeting with

dietetic.

Last but not least, the problem faced by the user is that the previous online diet

system does not provide food suggestions. Through some research, most existing diet

systems do not provide direct recommendations for meals and exercise. They only

provide for browsing meals and browsing exercises with details of calories information.

The user finds it is difficult to make a decision for choosing the best meals and exercise

throughout the search. This is because although the user can see the calories information

during the search, the user cannot guess and determine which one is the best for them.

Hence, this application will provide the best recommendation for meals and exercise to

the user after the user input some information needed for the recommendation process.

4 | P a g e

1.4 Objectives

The objective of this mobile application is identified as below:

i. To propose a Mobile Application-based that will help Malaysian to choose the

best food and exercise recommendation.

ii. To study rule-based system technique for processes recommending suitable

meals and exercise for users.

iii. To test functionality of push notification feature that will remind users of few

health and exercise tips.

1.5 Scope

This application is targeted for Malaysian user. The scope of this application consists

of:

User Scope (Malaysian)

i. This application will allow user to register as new user.

ii. This application will allow user to login DietFit apps to store their personal

and health data.

iii. This application will allow user to insert their weight, height for BMI

Calculation, age and active level for recommendation process.

iv. This application will allow user to get recommendation from

recommendation tabs that result from the input recommendation information

by the user.

v. This application will allow user to update their information to get suitable

suggestions based on current information.

vi. This application will allow user to browse for the meals, exercise and health

tips.

vii. This application will allow user to manage diary record for meals and

exercise.

Admin Scope

i. This application will allow admin to login to the application.

ii. This application will allow admin to manage user account.

iii. This application will allow admin to manage meals and exercise.

iv. This application will allow admin to manage health tips and diary data.

5 | P a g e

1.6 Limitation of Work

i. Users only can search one meal at a time and also display only meals

that search.

ii. This application is only for android platform.

iii. The suggestion for meal and exercise only changes when user input new

information about recommendation.

1.7 Expected Result

The expected result for DietFit Mobile Application is shown as below:

i. This application will be able to provide user friendly applications as the main

features of the app is recommendation suitable meals and exercise.

ii. This application will be able to monitor calories burn and intake to ensure a

better daily diet plan for users.

iii. This application will be able to give smooth experience when browsing through

the recommendation tab and search tab.

6 | P a g e

1.8 Activities, Milestones (Gantt Chart)

Table 1.5 below shows project planning phase for DietFit Mobile Application. From

the table below, it contains a total of 15 weeks to complete the planning phase with

different tasks performed each week.

Table 1 Gantt Chart FYP 1

7 | P a g e

CHAPTER 2

LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1 Introduction

This chapter provides the literature review for the application that will be developed.

The main purpose in this chapter is to provide an overview of research techniques from

existing systems or applications that will be used in developing DietFit applications.

Besides, we will discuss comparison existing applications. We will discuss the

advantages and disadvantages of the application. Hence, this literature review will be

referenced in the development of the proposed application. Table 2.1 shows article on

existing application that used same method-algorithm while table 2.2 shows comparison

between two existing application in terms of advantages and disadvantages for the

existing application

8 | P a g e

2.2 Literature review article

Table 2 article on literature review (existing system same method)

No Author Title Objective

Problem

Statement

Method-

algorithm

used

Result Description/Futur

e work.

1. Prof.

Megha V.

Gupta,

Ms. Priya

Bhattacha

rjee, Ms.

NavyaKot

ian, Ms.

GrishmaV

ipat

(2017)

DANES: Diet

and Nutrition

Expert

System for

Meal

Management

and Nutrition

Counseling

The

application

aims to

provide

customized

healthy meals

and diet

plans, foods

to eat and

foods to

avoid

One

problem in

healthcare is

the lack of

availability for

frequently

health

monitoring.

Rule-

Based

System

Providing an

expert

system for

Diet and

Nutrition

adds value to

people's life

especially in

developing

countries.

The expert

system will

provide

expertise in

nutrition

consulting

DANES is

application

software that

provides the

customer

with the

information of the

importance of a

healthy lifestyle

along with a

dietician

recommended diet

2. N

Nalayini

(2008)

Design of a

Fuzzy Rule

Base Expert

System to

Predict and

Classify the

Cardiac Risk

to Reduce the

Rate of

Mortality

to predict and

forecast the

risk level of

cardiac

patients to

avoid sudden

death

The prime

objective is

to control the

growth rate

of mortality

due to high-

risk disease

like heart

attack. This

objective is

attained by

controlling

the main four

risk factors

using the rule

base system

Patients with

high-risk

disease like

cardiac arrest

require

precaution and

prevention as

early as

possible. But,

due to the

unexpected

and sudden

stop of the

functioning of

pumping

muscular

organ “THE

HEART”, the

controllable

risk factors

blood pressure,

cholesterol,

diabetic,

obesity to be

maintained

always at the

Fuzzy

logic with

Rule-

Based

System

In this study

the results

shown by the

cardiac fuzzy

inference

system

designed

helps the

experts to

determine the

duration

period, for

treating the

patient

depending

upon the

output

parameter

risk. level.

In this proposed

system, uncertainty

is captured using

rule base and

classification using

fuzzy c-means

clustering is

discussed to

overcome the risk

level, so that

emergency care can

be taken for the

cardiac patients

with high risk

9 | P a g e

normal level to

regularize the

adequate

supply and

normal flow of

blood in the

circulatory

system, the

sudden arrest

can be avoided

efficiently and

effectively.

3. Ibrahim

M.

Ahmed,

Marco

Alfonse,

Mostafa

ArefDr.A

dbel-

Badeeh

M. Salem

(2015)

Daily Meal

Planner

Expert

System for

Diabetics

Type-2

to

develop a

medical

expert system

for the

treatment of

diabetes type

2.

The main

problems

identified

include:

Shortage of

specialist; the

other medical

staff in the

Division

needed expert

knowledge and

guidance, from

the specialist,

on treatment of

diabetes

Knowledg

e-Based

System,

Rule-

Based

System

The proposed

expert

system is a

promising

helpful tool

that reduces

the

workload for

physicians

and provides

a more

comfort

for diabetic

patients.

The expert system

provides the

patients with

medical advices

and basic

knowledge on

diabetes diet.

10 | P a g e

2.3 Existing Application Comparison

Through some research, there are two example of the existing system which can be

compared in Table 3.

Table 3 comparison between existing application

Title Interface Advantages Disadvantages

MyFitnessPal

● Users can do

many things

such as make

diaries, plans,

search recipes.

● There is calories

counter to track

record of user

calorie intake

● Too much

information on

screen makes people

sometimes confused

about using this app.

● The plan tab is only

available when user

purchase

MyNutriDiari

● Users can use

the BMI

calculator

without having

to login.

● The feature food

list for searching

food also can be

used without log

in

● The application

performance is

slow; I have to wait

for a long time to

display the search

result.

● This application is

only focused on

diet.

11 | P a g e

2.4 Approach Solution

In this section, we will explain about the possible approach that will be choose

in this application. The solution can be found through process identification of

approaches whether the stated approaches is capable to implement to the application

or not. Hence, the technique that we will be using is Rule-Based System Technique.

2.4.1 Rule-Based System Technique

A rule-based system (RBS) is one kind of Artificial Intelligence which is a

system that applies human-made rules to store, sort and manipulate data. In doing so, it

mimics human intelligence.

To function, rule-based systems involve a set of facts or source of data, and a

set of rules for manipulating that data. These rules are often referred to as ‘If statements’

as they appear to follow the line of ‘IF X occurs THEN do Y’. Figure 1 shows how rule-

based system works.

Figure 1 Basic architecture of rule-based system

Source:

https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Basic-architecture-of-a-rule-based-expert-system_fig3_236166495

12 | P a g e

In this application, a rule-based system is applied to the process

recommendation when the user wants to have suggestions of meals and exercise after

they key in the calculated BMI, age, gender and active level. These requirements of

criteria are considered as rules for the recommendation. These rules are used as a set of

fact in which the IF statement that will be followed by THEN statement which is it

consequences.

There are a few benefits and a few disadvantages of Rule-Based System

technique. The biggest benefit is that there are not so many laws - ultimately a person

will understand how the model forecasts and how it makes sense. It's easy to understand.

In a given case the mechanism can be checked properly and the key variables in the

forecast can be seen.

The only downside is that rules-based approaches are typically not the best

estimation output performers. Other techniques (forests, SVM, deep networks) are

generally easier. In comparison, for data with categorical attributes, rules-based

approaches are easier. The numerical aspect poses additional difficulties since the data

must be discreted or the thresholds must be defined for the rules.

13 | P a g e

2.4.2 Rule-Based System Algorithm

Algorithms are based on information in the form of rules that are simple to

understand and very expressive from the classification model. There are a few rules to

be used in this application to make the decision-making process for the recommendation

process.

Below are some rules that involve:

• Rule 1: BMI < 18.5

• Rule 2: 18.5 <= BMI <= 24.9

• Rule 3: 25.0 <= BMI <=29.9

• Rule 4: BMI > 30

• Rule 5: Age < 20

• Rule 6: 21 <= Age <= 40

• Rule 7: Age > 41

• Rule 8: Gender == Female

• Rule 9: Gender == Male

• Rule 10: Active level == Very active

• Rule 11: Active level == Not active

• Rule 12: Active level == Normal

Along with the rule there is the consequence which we considered as THEN statement

which always changing according to the rule stated. For the 12 rules set in the above

these are the consequence or in this application label as recommendation result.

Recommendation result are:

• high carbohydrates, very low fat and high protein meals && high exercise

• low carbohydrates, normal fat and high protein meals && normal exercise

• normal carbohydates, high fat and normal protein meals && normal exercise

• normal carbohydrates, very low fat and high protein meals && normal

exercise

• normal carbohydrates, low fat, high and high protein meals && normal

exercise

• low carbohydrates, low fat and high proteins && high exercise

14 | P a g e

As a result, from the Rule and the recommendation result. These are the generation of

instruction code for rule-based system as follows:

• if BMI < 18.5 || age > 20 || active level == very active

Write out (normal carbohydrates + high fat + normal protein) meals &&

normal exercise

• if 18.5 <= BMI <= 24.9 || 21 <= age <= 40 || active level == normal

Write out (normal carbohydrates + very low fat + high protein) meals &&

normal exercise.

• if 25.0 <= BMI <= 29.9 || age < 20 || active level == not active

Write out (high carbohydrates + low fat + high protein) meals && high

exercise.

• if BMI > 30 || age > 41 || active level normal == very active

Write out (low carbohydrates + very low fat + high protein) meals && high

exercise

15 | P a g e

CHAPTER 3

METHODOLOGY

3.1 Introduction

This chapter will discuss the methodology that is being used in order to develop

this application. DietFit application will be developed based on the Rule-Based System

which states a few criteria of rules which will determine the best recommendation when

the user input the requirement information. The System Development Life Cycle

(SDLC) that will be used in this project development is Iterative Model. This chapter

will explain more details on every phase that is involved in this project development.

3.2 Iterative model development

The methodology is the explanation of each phase that involves the development

of DietFit Mobile Application. Methodology in general is a framework that is used to

organize, schedule and manage the mechanism of constructing an information system.

In this application, the Iterative model was selected as the framework used to implement

this system.

The Iterative model that was used in this project development needs to be

designed, implemented and tested. The project can be deemed to be completed if it

meets all of its specifications and the satisfaction of the customer. Rigorous evaluation

of specifications and testing of each version of the program against certain requirements

for each implementation of the model is the secret to the efficient use of the Iterative

model.

Iteration must be replicated and expanded as the program progresses with each

iteration, in order to validate each version of the software. The method would direct the

implementation of the framework by focusing on the application rather than on the

documentation. The whole phase that involves this model are initial planning,

requirements, analysis and design, implementation, testing, evaluation and deployment

as shown from Figure 2 below.

16 | P a g e

3.2.1 Initial Planning Phase

For the initial phase, I discussed with my supervisor about the title and method

that will be used in this Final Year Project. After brainstorming a few ideas, the title

DietFit has been chosen and the Rule-Based system method is the best to be used on the

application.

3.2.2 Planning Phase

Planning phase is detailed about the title, where I also refer this to my

supervisor. The discussion held to determine what are the problem statements regarding

the diet issue and also healthy life, objectives that I will gain and also scope of the

application. I made a feasibility analysis to help understand the problem statements and

their best approach. One of the implications is that the objective can be defined within

the scope of the system.

Figure 2 Iterative model process cycle

17 | P a g e

3.2.3 Requirement Phase

The requirement phase is the phase for the user requirement. In this stage the

user requirement involves Malaysian. This user requirement phase is important to

collect more information about user needs. Research on existing applications has been

done to analyze the existing system defect. By doing this research, we will gain more

knowledge about the current application and also may improve from the existing

system. The example of existing applications from the research that has been made are

MyNutriDiari2 and MyFitnessPal.

Furthermore, DietFit’s structure was also analyzed to see what details would be

treated. The opinions of the public and their own statements. DietFit is demanded to

achieve the most relevant requirements. All gathered information must first be

organized so that it can fulfil the consumer specifications of the system. The parameters

are obtained to satisfy the purpose of the method, which is the rule-based technique.

3.2.4 Analysis and Design Phase

In this step, all the information obtained was analyzed. A flaw in the present

system has to be resolved by the system to be built. The prototype is modelled on the

basis of the criteria already taken in and evaluated in the demand analysis process. The

application scope was then used to create these three diagrams which are Contextual

Diagram (CD), Data Flow Diagram (DFD) Level 0 and Level 1, and Entity Relationship

Diagram (ERD). The diagrams will help to explain the system's mechanism and flow.

The graphic user interface is built on the basis of a few existing applications. From the

observation of existing system, the graphic user interface will come with new fresh

design according to the theme of the application which is about nutrition care and

healthy lifestyle.

18 | P a g e

3.2.5 Implementation Phase

Implementation phase is also known as code generation phase where the actual

method of implementation and coding is implemented here. It involved in real system

development based on the system design that had been planned earlier. First, the main

module which is Malaysian user, where user can register and login to the application,

fill in recommendation info and view recommendation result, browse health tips, meals

and exercise and manage diary record for meals and exercise while for the second

module which is admin can manage user, manage meals and exercise, manage healths

tips and diary data. All of the module scopes are then will implement soon using Ionic

framework with google firebase as the database for this application.

3.2.6 Testing Phase

To ensure that the system runs correctly, the testing phase need to be done. To

test the system and do some checking to the system for an error, test cases are used.

After each, increment, regression testing should proceed for the testing phase. The

system will be tested by entering the valid and invalid input to check whether if error

occur, after completing development of module 1. Coding will be revised to find the

bugs and fix it, if and only if there are many errors such as failure in adding the

information into the database and it is the same with the next module. Faulty element

of the software can be quickly identified because a few changes are made within a single

increment during the testing. The black-box testing applied where the system is being

tested its functional and non-functional, without the reference to the internal structure

component of the system. As an example, each of the module is tested separately using

the web browser; providing inputs and verifying the outputs against the expected

outcome.

19 | P a g e

3.2.7 Evaluation Phase

Before the system is being deployed to the end user, the evaluation needed to be

done. Any best practices and technique that were used in the first iteration then can be

used for the next requirements and iterations.

3.2.8 Deployment Phase

To ensure that the system functions correctly or not during the deployment

stage, the application will be released to end users.

3.2.9 Iteration Phase

In this phase, the iteration process will essentially be determined by which

application is benchmarked by user. It depends on the user, if all the need is sufficient

or if more needs to be added. This phase will be skipped and an application considered

if there is no complaint received and the person in charge is satisfied. If not, either

additional requirements or adjustment of current requirements had to be reiterated in

the above phase.

20 | P a g e

3.3 System Requirement

The most critical aspect is the requirement of hardware and software because

without these two requirements, development of DietFit might be stopped. To complete

the project, the hardware and software equipment must be used according to the need.

The need of these installations depends on what has already been provided or used by

others. In this system requirement section, we will discuss about hardware and software

that are used to develop DietFit.

3.3.1 Hardware Requirement

This project will be using Laptop and Smartphone for the hardware. Table 4

shows laptop requirement while Table 5 shows smartphone requirement which both are

used to develop and test DietFit Mobile Application.

Table 4 Laptop requirement which used to develop DietFit App

Specification Description

Processor Intel(R) Core (TM) i5-8300H CPU

@ 2.30GHz 2.30 GHz

Maximum Clock speed Up to 3.99 GHz

Operating System Windows 10 Home Single

Language

Hard Disk System Storage and

Type

512 GB Sata III M.2 SSD

Memory 16 GB DDR4 2400 MHz

21 | P a g e

Table 5 Smartphone requirement which used to develop DietFit App

Specification Description

Processor Snapdragon 865 5g (7nm) 1.80 GHz

Operating System Android 11 (Oxygen OS Based on

Android 11).

Maximum Clock speed Up to 2.85GHz

Storage and Type 256 GB UFS 3.1

Memory 12 GB LPDDR4X

22 | P a g e

3.3.2 Software Requirement

There is a few software that are used to develop DietFit Mobile Application. Table 6

shows software requirement to develop DietFit Mobile Application.

Table 6 Software used in development of DietFit App

Software Explanation

Microsoft Office Word

2019

This software is used to write and edit

DietFit’s Final Year Project report.

Microsoft Office

PowerPoint 2019

This software is used to create new

slides and edit slides of FYP presentation

for progress presentation and seminar

presentation

Adobe XD This software is used to design

interface of DietFit App for user and

admin

Ionic framework This software platform is used to

develop DietFit Mobile Apps

Google Firebase This software platform is used to create

database of DietFit Mobile Apps

Adobe Photoshop This software is used to design for

poster and photo that will be put in the

DietFit and also for poster in presentation.

Microsoft Project 2019 This software is used to create gantt

chart

Notepad++ This software is used to view saved

code and also second platform to create

code for DietFit Mobile Apps

Adobe Photoshop This software is used to edit photos

regarding to the logo of the Application

23 | P a g e

3.4 Framework Design

Figure 3 below shows the framework design of DietFit Mobile Application

using Rule-based. This framework explains the main process that occurs in the system

in easiest way. There are 2 main elements which are Admin and User that will save

directly into the database where Admin will manage user account, meals and exercise

and health tips and diary data. User can register to the application, manage diary to

monitor their daily exercise and meals calories, view recommendation based on

information input to get suggestion on the best meals and exercise for them and browse

for meals and exercise to get extra information.

Figure 3 Framework design DietFit Mobile Application

24 | P a g e

3.5 System Design and Modelling

System design and modelling will explain about how the flow of the system is

well-organized to ensure the process flow is smooth during the development of the

application. The representation data that are related to the application are called as

conceptual data modelling. Conceptual data modelling is used to display the structure

of the application data. The process of data modelling requires the representation of

functions and processes in the system before system creation. Based on DietFit Mobile

Application, the Contextual Diagram (CD) and Data Flow Diagram (DFD) show the

physical structure design of the application while the Entities Relationship Diagram

(ERD) shows logical structure design of the application. System design and modelling

is one of the crucial parts in the development of the application where we need to have

clear representation data to ensure the process flow in development of the application

is smooth.

25 | P a g e

3.6 Context Diagram (CD)

Context diagram or in other word also known as high-level data flow diagram

which shows all the flow process involve in the application. Based on DietFit Mobile

Application, there are two entities which are user and admin. For the user, they can,

register and login to the application, insert recommendation info, view list of

recommendation after recommendation info insertion, view info and health tips, browse

for meals and exercise to get extra information and manage daily diary for meals and

exercises. The admin for this application can login into the application, manage

recommendation data, manage user and also generate report. The Figure 4 below shows

the context diagram for DietFit Mobile Application.

Figure 4 Context Diagram of DietFit Mobile Application

26 | P a g e

3.7 Data Flow Diagram (DFD)

Data Flow Diagram (DFD) is one of the diagrams that show processes occur

including the information of the process to the data to be stored. In DietFit Mobile

Application, there will be two level of DFD which is DFD Level 0 and DFD Level 1.

3.7.1 DFD Level 0

DFD Level 0 will show in overall process flow that occurs in DietFit Mobile

Application. There are two entities that involve in DFD Level 0 for DietFit Mobile

Application which are Admin and User which targeted for Malaysian. There are eight

total process involved for user and admin in the application. The processes for user are

register and login, fill info and view recommendation meals and exercise, browse meals,

exercise and health tips and manage diary exercises and meals for daily record. The

processes for admin are login, manage user, manage meals and exercise, manage health

tips and diary data. The major processes for the user are fill in recommendation info

and view recommendation for meals and exercise while for the admin, the processes are

managing user, manage meals and exercise, manage health tips and diary data. Figure

5 shows the DFD Level 0 for DietFit Mobile Application

27 | P a g e

Figure 5 DFD Level 0 DietFit Mobile Application

28 | P a g e

3.7.2 DFD Level 1

In this section, we will expand and explain more details processes from Data

Flow Diagram Level 0 as the Data Flow Diagram Level 1 will show details of the

process that involves in DietFit Mobile Application. The processes that involve in Data

Flow Diagram Level 1 for user are manage diary record for meals and exercise, while

for the admin are manage user, manage meals and exercises, manage health tips and

diary data.

3.7.2.1 Process 4.0 manage diary record for meals and exercise (User)

In manage diary process, user can add new meal record from browsing or

recommendation list, add new exercises record, update meal record, update exercise

record and delete the record. These processes are shown in Figure 6 below.

Figure 6 DFD Level 1 Process 4.0

29 | P a g e

3.7.2.2 Process 6.0 manage user (Admin)

This process involves admin. Admin can update information to be filled by the

user and delete unactive user. Figure 7 shows all the process occurs on manage user.


30 | P a g e

3.7.2.3 Process 7.0 manage meals and exercises (Admin)

Meals and exercises are one of the major important things where user get their

recommendation based on the dataset and also used to provide data for browsing. In this

manage meals and exercises process, admin can Add new meal data based on Body

Mass Index; add new exercise based on active level, update dataset and delete old

dataset. Figure 8 shows all process occurs in manage meals and exercises for admin


31 | P a g e

3.7.2.4 Process 8.0 manage health tips and diary data (Admin)

In this process, health tips are where the user get their latest tips about health.

For health tips, it will involve admin where admin can add new health info related to

the nutrition care, update the health info and delete the health info. For diary data, admin

can edit the diary information that can be filled by user. In this process admin can add

new diary information that can be filled by user, update diary layout style and

information and delete old diary style. Figure 9 shows all the process occurs in manage

health tips and diary data for admin.


32 | P a g e

3.8 Entity Relationship Diagram (ERD)

ERD is a diagram that shows the relationship between entities involve in the

application. In DietFit Mobile Application there are six entities which are admin,

list_exercises, list_meals, User, diary and health_tips. Figure 10 shows ERD with the

six entities involve in the application.

Figure 10 ERD DietFit Mobile Application

33 | P a g e

3.9 Data Dictionary Table

There are 6 tables for the data dictionary table as there are 6 entities involve in this

application. Tables below show all the data dictionary table for 6 entities; admin, user,

list_meals, list_exercises, diary, health_tips.

3.9.1 admin

Table 7 Data Dictionary Table for Admin

NO ATTRIBUTES DESCRIPTION TYPE KEY LENGTH DEFAULT NULL

1 Ad_username Username for

admin to login to

the application

varchar - 20

2 Ad_pwd Password for the

admin to login

varchar - 12

34 | P a g e

3.9.2 user

Table 8 Data Dictionary Table for user


1 user_id Incremental id for

user to

differentiate with

another user

varchar Primary

Key

10

2 user_email Email for user to

login

varchar - 20

3 user_pwd Password for

user to login

varchar - 15

4 BMI Detail about

BMI for

recommendation

process

varchar - 5

5 age Current age of

user

varchar - 5

6 active_level Active level such

as active, not

active and

normal

varchar - 15

7 gender Male or Female varchar - 5

8 user_weight Height of

Malaysian

varchar - 10

9 user_height Weight of

Malaysian

varchar - 10

10 Malaysian_type Adult, teenage,

kids

varchar - 20

35 | P a g e

3.9.3 list_meals

Table 9 Data Dictionary Table for list_meals


1 meal_id Incremental id for

user to

differentiate with

other meal

varchar Primary

Key

10

2 meal_name Name of the

meal

varchar - 20

3 food_type Food category

such as protein,

carbohydrate

varchar - 20

4 calories_info Value of calories

contained in a

meal

varchar - 10

3.9.4 list_exercises

Table 10 Data Dictionary Table for list_exercises


1 ex_id Incremental id for

user to

differentiate with

other exercise

varchar Primary

Key

10

2 ex_name Name of the

exercise

varchar - 20

3 type Type of exercise

such as active,

intermediate and

normal

varchar - 20

4 calories_info Value of calories

burnt after done

that exercise

varchar - 10

5 Time_taken Usual time for an

exercise process

varchar - 10

36 | P a g e

3.9.5 diary

Table 11 Data Dictionary Table for diary


1 diary_id Incremental id for

user to

differentiate with

another diary with

different user

varchar Primary

Key

10

2 user_id Id of user varchar Foreign

Key

10

3 ex_id Id for exercise varchar Foreign

Key

20

4 meal_id Id for meal varchar Foreign

Key

10

5 time Time records the

meal intake and

exercise done

varchar - 10

6 date Date of record

for meal intake

and exercise

done

varchar - 10

3.9.6 health_tips

Table 12 Data Dictionary Table for health_tips


1 tips_id Incremental id for

user to

differentiate tips

with different

health tips

varchar Primary

Key

10

2 tips_desc Description

about the tips

varchar - 10000

3 tips_type Type of health

tips such as for

disease

prevention and

healthcare

varchar - 20

4 tips_name Name of the

health tips main

title

varchar - 10

37 | P a g e

REFERENCES

Ahmed, I. M. (2015). Daily Meal Planner Expert System for Diabetics Type-2. Cairo:

E leader Prague.

Aoyama, T. (2017). A customized online nutrition guidance system is effective for

treating patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease by supporting continuity of diet

therapy at home: A pilot study. Internal Medicine Vol 56, 1651-1656.

Gupta, M. V. (2017). DANES: Diet and Nutrition Expert System for Meal

Management and Nutrition Counseling. International Journal on Recent and

Innovation Trends in Computing and Communication , 204 - 208.

Hassan, N. (2017). Fuzzy Soft Expert System in Prediction of Coronary Artery.

International Journal of Fuzzy System Volume 19, 1546-1559.

Namgung, K. (2019). Menu Recommendation System Using Smart Plates for Well-

balanced Diet Habits of Young Children. Wireless Communications and Mobile

Computing.

Pattaraintakorn, P. (2007). Web-Based Health Recommender System Using Rough

Sets, Survival Analysis and Rule-Based Expert Systems. LNAI 4482, 1, 491-499.

Rana, K. S. (2016). Food Recommendation System Using Content Based Algorithm.

Tribhuvan: DWIT College Deerwalk Institute of Technology.

Rehman, F. (2017). Diet-Right: Smart Food Recommendation System. KSII

Transactions On Internet And Information System Vol 11 No.6.

dietfit mobile application using rule- based system …

Documents