die suid afrikaanse miniatuurperd telers ...1 die suid afrikaanse miniatuurperd telers genootskap...
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DIE SUID AFRIKAANSE
MINIATUURPERD
TELERS GENOOTSKAP
NUUSBRIEF 1 / 4 2016.
NEEM VAN FOTOS van PERDE - vir Registrasie
of sommer net vir die LEKKER :
Die begin van enige goeie foto is om te weet hoe om die foto te neem.
Wanneer jy fotos neem van perde vir welke rede ookal is dit altyd belangrik om die volgende in ag te
neem :
Agtergrond – gee genoegsame aandag
aan die agtergrond. Maak seker dat daar geen
leë sakke, ou trekkerparte of enige gemors in
die agtergrond lê nie. Gebruik verkieslik ‘n
ander kleur as die kleur van die perd, sodoende
staan die perd uit en is duidelik sigbaar. Bome
is altyd ‘n goeie keuse. ‘n Ligter muur indien
jou perd donker van kleur is mag ook ‘n goeie
keuse wees.
HOOP STROOI IN DIE AGTERGROND
Beligting : Gebruik oggend- of middagson indien jy kan. Die goue sonlig maak dat jou perd
se vel blink voorkom en die langer skaduwees is altyd nostalgies en half misterieus.
VAN BO NA ONDER GENEEM
Perspektief : Neem die foto van ‘n
padda perskektief, sak af op jou knieë en
kry jou kamera op dieselfde hoogte as
omtrent die middel van die skouer van die
perd. Distorsie is op ‘n minimum indien jy
af sak tot op jou perd se hoogte.
Moet nooit van bo na onder neem
nie. Dit laat die perd se bene baie korter
as normaal vertoon. Van onder na bo sal
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die perd se bene weer langer vertoon as normaal.
Positionering van die bene : Wees altyd bewus van jou perd se bene wanneer jy ‘n foto
neem. Die voorbeen naaste aan jou moet of gelyk met die ander voorbeen staan of voor die
voorbeen verste van jou af wees om die balans reg te kry. Die agterbeen verste van jou af
weg moet voor die agterbeen naaste aan jou wees om goeie balans te weerspieël en die
beste konformasie foto te verkry.
Perde wat strek se agterstewe vertoon platter en swakker as wat dit werklik is.
KORREKTE POSISIONERING VAN DIE PERD – let op die “oop” houding van die perd na die kamera
KOP NAASTE AAN KAMERA
Indien die perd se kop na jou gedraai is, vertoon die kop groter.
Indien jy die perd se bles of gesigsmerke wil wys in die foto moet jy
effe voor die perd staan sodat jy die kop en lyf op die foto kan
inpas sonder dat die kop groter vertoon. Vir ‘n foto van die kant af
moet die perd reguit staan en na vorentoe kyk, andersins lyk die
perd weereens uit balans uit. Neem baie, baie, baie fotos. Neem
die foto uit verskeie hoeke en kante af en neem fotos uit elke
hoek. Na die tyd sal jy baie fotos hê om van te kies.
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UPCOMING EVENTS.
Pretoria ( Tswabac ) 24th to 28th August 2016
Nationals 2016 EquidomE September 2016
WHY IS MY HORSE PENDING?
There are numerous reasons why a horse can be Pending on the Studbook Logix system. Pending
means that its birth has been recorded but the horse’s registration is pending finalisation. All Birth
Registrations are pending till the Horses first Inspection at two and a half years. By this time the
Maternal DNA Paternal DNA and the DNA of the foal being registered must have been submitted by
a recognised laboratory. This needs to be done either before or after the Birth Notification
submitted together with a photo for identification purposes which shows markings and colour. CEM
status from the sire which was current at the time of the foal’s birth also needs to have been
received by the SAMHBS. A foal cannot be registered if either of its parents is Pending. These
documents will only be processed if the Breeder registering the foal is in good standing with both
the Breed Society and SA Stamboek.
Please draw the list of Pending horses for your stud. If you have horses that are to be cancelled
because you no longer wish to register them please advise Ronandé at [email protected] If
there are horses you wish to register and they remain Pending please ensure that the required
documentation has been submitted.
STILGEWACHT AND GUESTS AUCTION BETHLEHEM.
Royal Oaks Platinum Pleasure (Imp.) sold for a record R240 000. Congratulations to Andre and Evi
van Dyk from Vygeboom Miniatures, the new owners and to Abrie and Betsie Beukes from
Stilgewacht Miniatures, the sellers.
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Stilgewacht Jabulani Valvet the top priced mare was sold by Stilgewacht Miniatures, belonging to
Abrie and Betsie Beukes for R55 000 to Kobus Human and Lilia Franca. Congratulations to both
sellers and buyers.
NATIONAL BREED AUCTION / NASIONALE RAS VEILING.
The Top priced horse and mare at The Equidome National Auction was MMC PH Pretty Miss Dotty
West sold by Chris and Marina van der Merwe from MMC and bought by Scott and CarIn Moffatt
from Tylucas Equine Stud for R32 000. Congratulations to both the sellers and buyers.
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The Top priced Stallion at The Equidome National Auction was Eduans Vindicators Rebel sold by
Gawie and Willem Naude from Eduan Miniature Horses and bought by Tokka van den Hever from
Chargo Trust for R17 000. Congratulations to both the sellers and buyers.
PER CAPITA
Die genootskap sukkel nog met die inhaal van agterstallige werk en die administrasie van nuwe
versoeke. Ons vra dat lede hulle per capita lyste (kuddelyste) sal trek en ons attent maak op enige
foute en/of agterstallige werk wat ingehaal moet word. Maak ook asseblief seker dat alle instruksies
wat julle deurstuur vergesel word van die nodige dokumentasie. As julle nie julle Per Capita lyste
ontvang het nie, of daar is foute op, trek dit deur Logix of kontak asseblief vir Ronandé Wiese by :
051 4100974 of per epos by [email protected].
ARE YOU A BREEDER OR A MULTIPLIER
A Breeder is someone who specifically mates a stallion to a mare in order to achieve a specific
predetermined end result in terms of conformation, type, temprament, size, colour, or a
combination of these. The objective of a breeder must be to produce a foal that is better than the
Dam of that foal. If you don’t qualify as a breeder you become a multiplyer of horses.
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Remember that you have a 50% chance to produce either a colt or filly foal. If what you produce is
not a sellable horse, no matter the sex of the foal, you should reasses whether you should be
breeding.
Miniature Horses are very seldom ridden and as a result we
don’t have riding or sporting horses as a market available to
sell our male animals. As a breed we are challenged with a
market where we can sell our male progeny. Our female
progeny is easier to sell assuming they are quality horses. Not
all colts will grow up to be herd sires so you need to be sure
that those colts that don’t make the grade as herd sires, and
very few do, will find homes as geldings. A responsible
Breeder will geld colts that are not destined to breed so they
can be sold as maneagable, tame and educated horses to
people who will want to own them in the long term. A
Miniature foal is cute, especially if it’s tame and maneagable. A colt that is not tame and sold as a
utility horse or for purposes of a companion or pet is condemned as a horse if it’s not maneagable
and a pleasure to handle. That cute colt grows up to become a Stallion and if its not a stallion with a
purpose and a reason to be a stallion he often becomes an unwanted horse.
As a breeder your responsibility does not end with producing a desirable foal but with producing a
horse out of that foal that is desirable.
INSPEKSIES.
Inspeksies moet op twee en n half jaar plaasvind en dan weer op vyf jaar. Net ‘n lid van die
genootskap kan ‘n inspeksie aanvra. Dit word gedoen deur vir Ronandé Wiese by die Genootskap se
Kantoor in Bloemfontein te kontak. [email protected] Sy sal dan die nodige gekwalifiseerde
inspekteurs kontak om die inspeksie te rëel. Die inspekteur sal jou kontak om die nodige rëelings te
tref. Die koste van n inspeksie is R450 tot en met 30 Junie 2016. Vanaf 1 Julie 2016 is een inspeksie
per jaar gratis aan elke telers, inspekteursfooi is huidiglik R75 per perd (R80 in die nuwe boekjaar)
en die inspekteur se reiskostes is R3. 50 per Kilometer.
INSPEKTEURS OPLEIDING SEMINAAR
Asook ‘n OPKNAPPINGS KURSUS vir BESTAANDE INSPEKTEURS
DATUM : 24 & 25 JUNIE 2016
PLEK: Die plaas Beka Idube van Chris Erasmus, De Wagensdrift.
AANBIEDING : Marina van der Merwe.
DATUM EN AANVANGSTYD. om 10h00 op die Vrydag 24 Junie beginnende met lesings. Praktiese
sessies sal op beide die Vrydag asook die Saterdag plaasvind. ‘n Geskrewe eksamen tesame met ‘n
praktiese eksamen sal op die Saterdagmiddag die seminaar afsluit. Slaagsyfer van 80% word vereis
om aanvaar te word as ‘n Junior Inspekteur. Daar word van ‘n Junior inspekteur verwag om 30
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inspeksies te doen, tesame met ‘n senior inspekteur alvorens hy/sy as ‘n Senior Inspekteur aanvaar
te kan word.
KOSTE: R 450.00 per persoon vir nuwe kandidate. R300.00 vir bestaande inspekteurs wat die
opknappingskursus doen. (Alle inspekteurs wat vir langer as 5 jaar gekwalifiseer is word verwag om
‘n opknappingskursus te doen). Die fooi van R450.00 / R300.00 sluit ‘n ligte middagete Vrydag,
teetyd verversings asook middagete op Saterdagmiddag in. Akkommodasie is nie ingesluit by bg fooi
nie.
AKKOMMODASIE. Elke kandidaat is verantwoordelik vir hul eie verblyf. Leeuwkloof Valley
Conservancy Area is geskik vir naby gelee akkommodasie.
Besonderhede van Gastehuise in hierdie area.
Beka Idube Luxury Tented Accommodation: wheretostay / Beka Idube.
[email protected] of 084 2511 838
Barbets Nest Bushveld Retreat : [email protected] of 076 569 1471
Kohande tented camp: [email protected] of 082 806 5903
KwaThabisile Game Lodge : wheretostay/KwaThabisile of 082 560 1454
Stumble Inn Game Lodge : 072 808 2058
SLUITINGSDATUM VIR INSKRYWINGS. 3 Junie 2016. Geen inskrywigs sal aanvaar word sonder bewys van betaling vir die volle bedrag van R450 (nuwe kandidate) of R300 (opknappings kursus) in die volgende bankrekening: SA Miniatuurperd Telers Genootskap
Standard Bank Rekening Nr : 041232615 Takkode : 055534, Brandwag Verwysing : Jou naam /24 Junie Bewys van betaling aan [email protected]
KONTAk: Marina van der Merwe 0828901703 of Coralezet Erasmus 0842511838
Suid-Afrikaanse South African Miniatuurperd Miniature Horse Telersgenootskap Breeders’ Society
Posbus 9777 P O Box 9777 Bloemfontein Bloemfontein 9300 9300 Tel (051) 4100955 Tel (051) 4100 955 Faks (051) 4484220 of 0866670294 Fax (051) 4484220 or 0866670294
e-pos [email protected] e-mail [email protected]
KEURDERS / INSPECTORS Naam / Name Adres
Address Tel Inspeksie nommer
Abadi EC (Mev) 215 Deneen Str, Annlin, Pretoria, 1082
0825698165 660415
Beukes AJ (Mnr) Buitestraat 42, Bethelehem 9700 058-3032221 058-3032157(f) 0721782432
508856
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Naam / Name Adres Address
Tel Inspeksie nommer
Beukes S (Mej) Buitestraat 42, Bethlehem, 9700 058-3032221 058-3032157
564960
Crous CI (Mev) Posbus 90, Viljoenskroon, 9520 [email protected]
056-3431461 0829261116
565364
Couzyn P (Mnr) PO Box 179, Amersfoort, 2490
0825722907 639369
Du Bruyn HMJ (Mev) Posbus 257, Kroondal, 0350
0823048048 655566
Ernst A (Mev) Doringkruin, Posbus 5163, Klerksdorp, 2576
018-4681874(t & f) 0827534821
564917
Ernst MJ (Mnr) Doringkruin, Posbus 5163, Klerksdorp, 2576
018-4681874(t & f) 0827434122
564904
Erasmus C (Mev) Posbus 323, De Wagensdrift, 1002
0842511838 604327
Fourie R (Mev) Posbus 35044, Faunasig, Bloemfontein, 9325 [email protected]
0866054156 (f) 0836800033
657738
Joubert C (Mnr) Chris
Posbus 9, Riversdal, 6670 [email protected]
028-7132542 028-7133688 (f) 0828405566
606626
Joubert J (Mev) Marina
Posbus 9, Riversdal, 6670 [email protected]
028-7132542 028-7133688 (f) 0828405566
565615
Le Roux T (Mnr) Tertius
Posbus 195, Riversdal, 6670 [email protected]
028-7131154 028-7132268 0833801359
606613
Marais A (Mev) Posbus 25205, Monumentpark, 0105
012-8092569 012-3470874(f) 0829239235
564823
Naude G Mnr (Gawie)
Posbus 105, Barkly-Oos, 9786 [email protected]
045-9710498 0866478513(f) 0828979555 – Gawie
606448
Naude M (Mev) Posbus 418, Aliwal-Noord, 9750 [email protected]
051-6331792 051-6331789(f) 0823227949
564929
Naude WC (Mnr) Posbus 418, Aliwal Noord, 9750 [email protected]
051-6331792 051-6331789(f) 0824547531
564932
Steyl C. (Mej) Posbus 17242, Bainsvlei, 9338
051-4512175 0824442055
Reyneke D (Mnr) Posbus 54, Greylingstad, 2415
087-6250391/2 0866524690(f) 0824506196
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Naam / Name Adres Address
Tel Inspeksie nommer
Reyneke, B (Mev) Posbus 54, Greylingstad, 2415
087-6250391/2 0866524690(f) 0824506186
614681
Van Aswegen JE (Mev) (Ina)
Posbus 172, Petrusburg, 9932 [email protected]
0829206378 525456
Van der Merwe M (Mev)
Posbus 1842, Potchefstroom, 2520
018-2909881 018-2946076(f) 0828901702
559272
Van Niekerk M (Mev) Machael
Posbus 532, Upington, 8800 [email protected]
054-8330201 0731679119
606435
Van Vuuren Marike Mej.
Posbus 531, Riversdal, 6670 [email protected]
028-7132349(t & f) 0725452967
606600
RESULTS - RIVERSDAL REGIONAL CHAMPIONSHIPS
http://www.saminiaturehorse.co.za/h17/shows-2016/riversdal-show.html
RESULTS – HORSE OF THE YEAR SHOW.
http://www.saminiaturehorse.co.za/h8/shows-2016/horse-of-the-year-2016.html
RESULTS - BLOEMFONTEIN REGIONAL CHAMPIONSHIPS.
http://www.saminiaturehorse.co.za/h13/shows-2016/bloemfontein-regional-show.html
AFRICAN HORSE SICKNESS
Many of us welcome winter because it reduces the chance of AHS in our horses. The effectiveness of vaccination and what vaccine to use is a debate that rages on. Whether we are required to vaccinate is also debated. Many breeders have difficulty in vaccinating pregnant mares as the vaccine is counter indicated in mares in their first trimester at the time when vaccinations are recommended. It remains fact that African Horse sickness is a cruel unforgiving disease that complicates Horse ownership in Southern Africa. We each owe it to the industry to be responsible with regard to vaccinations and the actions we take to minimise the outbreak and spread of African Horse Sickness. The following has been gazetted. “ IN ACCORDANCE WITH DEPTH OF AGRICULTURE GOVERNMENT GAZETTE DOC NO. R. 885 & ANIMAL DISEASES ACT 1984 (ACT 35 OF 1984) “ALL EQUINES IN THE REPUBLIC EXCEPT EQUINES IN THE AFRICAN HORSE SICKNESS FREE ZONE AND SURVEILLANCE ZONE, AS DESCRIBED IN ANNEXURE 4, SHALL BETWEEN THE AGES OF 6 AND 9 MONTHS, THEN BETWEEN THE AGES OF 12 AND 15 MONTHS AND THEN AGAIN ONCE EVERY YEAR THEREAFTER BE IMMUNISED WITH AN EFFECTIVE REMEDY BY THE RESPONSIBLE PERSON: PROVIDED THAT THE DIRECTOR IN A PARTICULAR CASE MAY DETERMINE THAT SUCH IMMUNISATION MUST BE CARRIED OUT BY AN OFFICER OR VETERINARIAN”
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CEM.
DNA
Both paternal and maternal DNA is now a requirement for the registration of a foal. This
requirement has been implemented over a period of years starting with the DNA of stallions being a
requirement and later introducing the DNA of mares. This gives certainty as to the genetic makeup
of a foal and is important in giving buyers of horses the comfort of knowing what they are procuring.
More importantly it adds value to our registration papers and ultimately to the value of our horses.
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If foal recordals are not accompanied by DNA results from a recognised lab then the registration will
become pending and will not be completed till the required results are received. Parental
verification is essential and it is advised that this be done the same time as your DNA is submitted.
This is done at no extra cost.
There are three laboratories from which the results are recognised.
1. UNISTEL – Unistel Geneeskundige Laboratoriums, Post Net Suite 13, Privaatsak X22, Tygervallei,
7536 - Tel: (021) 9389213, Fax: (021) 9320065 – epos: [email protected] (Dr Munro Marx)
2. LNR – P/Sak X 2, Irene, 0062 - Pranisha Soma - [email protected] Tel 012 6729218, Faks: 012
6729214
3. ONDERSTEPOORT. – Veterinary Genetics Laboratory, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of
Pretoria, P/Bag X04, Onderstepoort, 0110. Telno: 012-5298240, Fax: 012-5298310
DIE RAAD VANAF JANUARIE 2016
Die lede hieronder gelys is die raad wat by die 2015 algemene jaarvergadering verkies is. Die mense is deur die lede verkies om op die raad te dien om die belange van die ras en die lede in geheel te verteenwoordig. Ons versoek dat julle vrylik met raadslede kommunikeer en julle gedagtes deel en laat weet waar julle te hulp gestaan kan word.
Name Address Telephone
Coralezet Erasmus President
Posbus 323, De Wagensdrift, 1002 [email protected]
084 251 1838
Welma Joubert Vise President
Posbus 31005, Totiusdal, Pretoria, 0132 [email protected]
082 416 1641 012 333 3755 (f)
Marina van der Merwe Raadslid
Posbus 1842, Potchefstroom, 2520. [email protected]
082 890 1703 018 294 6076 (f)
Ina van Aswegen Raadslid
Posbus 172, Petrusburg, 9932 [email protected]
082 920 6378
Paul Couzyn Raadslid
246 Arathorn Estate 53 Leander Rd Faere Glenn Pretoria East 0041 [email protected]
082 572 2907
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Scott Moffatt Raadslid
Posbus 196, Moedwil, Rustenburg, 0315 [email protected]
083 267 4290
NEW LOOK WEBSITE
The SAMHBS Website has been updated and modernised. We invite members to send photos of
miniatures or any relevant information To Ronandé at [email protected] Also remember
you can create a link to your own Stud web-site via the society website or place adverts of horses for
sale. The link to our Breed Society web site is http://www.saminiaturehorse.co.za/
SA MINIATUURPERDGENOOTSKAP
SA MINIATURE HORSE BREEDERS SOCIETY
FOOIESTRUKTUUR / FEE STRUCTURE
2015 / 2016 Intreefooi / Entry Fee R700.00
Ledegeld / Membership fee R1300.00
Geboortekennisgewing / Birth notification R80.00
Per Kapita fooi / Per Capita fee (per perd / per horse) R75.00
Per kapita fooi - Basis diere / Per Capita fee – Basic animals R0.00
Per kapita fooi – Reunperde / Per Capita fee – Geldeings R0.00
Oordrag / Transfer R75.00
Herinstelling / Re-Instatement R200.00
Keurdersfooi / Inspectors Fee R450.00
Keuring per perd / Inspection per horse R80.00
Reiskoste vir keurders / Travel Fee for inspectors R3.50 per km
5 jaar keuring / 5 year inspection Gratis / Free
Kansellasies / Cancellations R100.00
Laat geboortes / Late Birth notification
2 – 3 maande / months R0.00
3 – 6 maande / months R130.00
6 – 12 maande / months R195.00
1 – 2 jaar / year (DNS toetse / DNA Tests) R390.00
2 – 3 jaar / year (DNS toetse / DNA Tests) R390.00
3 – 4 jaar / year (DNS toetse / DNA Tests) R390.00
4 jaar en ouer / 4 years and older – (DNS toetse / DNA Tests) R390.00
Oordrag van Nie-Lede / Transfers – Non-members R120.00
FUN QUIZ :
1. What is the normal pulse / heartrate for an adult horse at rest?
2. What is the normal temperature for a horse?
3. What is the percentage food that your horse need per day?
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4. A horse that is collected is soft and light – True or False
5. What colour trousers should you preferably wear when showing a dark coloured horse in
hand?
6. Match the beats / footfalls to the associated gate :
Walk 3 beats
Canter 2 beats
Trot 4 beats
7. What is the difference between a snaffle bit (trens) and a curb bit (stang)?
8. How many bones does a horse have in his body?
9. What animal has the largest eyes of all land mammals?
10. Can horses burp?
11. How do you get that extra white on your horse’s white spots or even on a complete white
horse?
12. How do horses communicate?
13. How do you stop that nasty tail itch that causes your horse to rub his precious tail away?
14. What shampoo should you use on your horse’s face to stop it from burning their eyes?
15. How can you make your horse’s eyes look bigger for the show ring?
16. Which side of the horse’s neck should the mane lie?
ANSWERS AT END OF NEWSLETTER.
COMPLAINTS. ARE YOU UNHAPPY? DO YOU WANT TO SHARE AN
IDEA?
All complaints, ideas, and expressions of dissatisfaction or opinions or praise is welcome. The board
does request that for them to be progressed they must be submitted in writing to Ronande Wiese at
[email protected] or our President Coralezet Erasmus. [email protected]
Our society prides itself on the open door policy and culture of inclusion we have.
KENNISGEWINGS NOTICES.
Hierdie is ‘n paar punte wat ek dink onder die telers se aandag moet kom:
Geboorte kennisgewings moet vergesel word MET foto’s en die foto’s moet klaar genommer wees en in PJEG gestuur word, NIE IN ‘n “WORD” dokument NIE.
Alle name insluitend die voorvoegsel mag nie meer as 30 karakter spasies oorsky nie,
Dekkingsertifikate moet met ELKE geboorte ingestuur word al word die vul eers 8 maande daarna opgeneem.
Geen onvolledige werk sal meer aanvaar word nie.
Alle Pending werk in die kantoor sal slegs vir 3 maande gehou word en oorstaan tot terugvoering. Indien geen terugvoering of navraag gedoen word nie, sal die onafgehandelde werk teruggestuur word.
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Alle korrespondensie na [email protected] moet onmiddelik gestaak word en gestuur word na [email protected]
Die raad vra dat lede kennis neem van die volgende. Die versoek word gerig weens die administratiewe en kontant vloei druk / The board requests that members please note the following. These requests are made due to administrative and cash flow pressures.
Dienste sal opgeskort word van enige persoon wat gelde verskuldig is aan genootskap. Dit beteken geen skou inskrywings sal toegelaat word nie, geen keurings mag plaasvind by so ‘n persoon nie. / Services will be suspended from any person who owes money to the society. This means that no show entries will be accepted and that no inspections may take place of such a person’s horses.
Geboorte kennisgewings nie korrek ingevul nie – word terug gestuur / Birth Notifications not filled in correctly will be send back to be corrected
Geen kleredrag wat jou stoet adverteer mag in arena gedra word nie / No branded clothing that promotes your stud allowed in arena while showing your horse.
If anyone has any content to submit to this newsletter they are welcome to contact Paul Couzyn at [email protected]
Quiz Answers : 1. Normal pulse rate for adult horse at rest is 30 to 40 beats per minute
Foals it is 70 – 120 beats per minute
Yearlings it is 45 – 60 beats per minute.
Remember that lub-dub counts as one beat. Temperature: 37.2-38.3°C. A healthy horse’s
temperature may vary somewhat depending on the heat of the day.
2. A typical horse needs around 1,5% to 3,5% of its body weight in food per day. Racehorses or
working horses may need more than a pet pony.
3. True - A horse that is collected is soft supple and light. True collection is a way of working your
horse that teaches him to round his back, lower his croup and travel with his hocks farther under
his body. When done correctly, collection also teaches a horse to flex at the poll, relax his lower
jaw and become soft, supple and light.
4. When showing a dark horse in hand it is good practise to wear lighter coloured trousers, beige,
khaki or camel, never white. This enables the judge to see your horse’s movement clearly.
5. The walk is a slow, natural, flat footed, four beat gait. Each foot takes off from and strikes the
ground independently of the other three feet. It is known as the foundation gait.
The trot is a rapid two beat diagonal gait. The forefoot on one side and the opposite hind foot
take off and strike the ground at the same time.
The canter is an easy rhythmical three beat gait. It is not a straight forward gait as the walk, but
is a slight diagonal movement, either right or left. It is executed with either a right or left “lead”.
The independent moving front leg is the "lead". The horse has a hind lead that corresponds to
the front lead.
6. Most people assume that because the snaffle is usually a jointed bit and the curb usually is not,
the mouthpiece is what determines whether a particular bit is a snaffle or a curb. However, the
difference between snaffles and curbs has nothing to do with the mouthpiece. The difference
between the two types of bit is that the snaffle is a non-leverage bit and the curb is a leverage
bit.
7. The skeletal system of the horse has three major functions in the body. It protects vital organs,
provides framework, and supports soft parts of the body. Horses typically have 205 bones. The
pelvic limb typically contains 19 bones, while the thoracic limb contains 20 bones.
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