did batonebsa (savi wiri, xorvela, yvavil-batonebi)

SoTa rusTavelis qarTuli literaturis

instituti

folkloristTa samecniero

konferenciis masalebi

48

eZRvneba akaki wereTlis 170 wlisTavs

2010 wlis 2 _ 3 ivnisi

1

UDC(uak)82.09-91(063)

f-787

redaqtori _ r. ColoyaSvili

� SoTa rusTavelis qarTuli literaturis institutis

gamomcemloba; Tbilisi, m. kostavas quCa, � 5; tel.: 995 (32) 99 53 00

ISBN 978-9941-0-2474-0

2

2 ivnisi, 11 sT.

Sesavali sityva _ irma ratiani _

SoTa rusTavelis qarTuli literaturis instituti

qeTevan sixaruliZe

ivane javaxiSvilis saxelobis

Tbilisis saxelmwifo universiteti

magiuri yelsabami kavkasielTa

miTologiur gadmocemebSi

nestan ratiani

SoTa rusTavelis qarTuli

literaturis instituti

sityva `arabi~ qarTul zRaprebSi

Teimuraz jagodniSvili

saqarTvelos teqnikuri universiteti

petre mirianaSvili qarTuli

folkloristikis istoriis sivrceSi

ekaterine Sengelia



ia-batonebis daxvedris tradicia saqarTveloSi

tristan maxauri



sarwmunoebriv-miTologiuri baladebi

xvTiso mamisimediSvili



sakulto teqstebis stiluri da

mxatvruli Tavisebureba

3

2 ivnisi, 2 sT.

Teimuraz qurdovaniZe



nadirT RvTaebisa da alis saxeTa Serwymis tendencia

mTis folklorsa da vaJa fSavelas moTxrobebSi

meri xuxunaiSvili-wiklauri

britaneTis folkloris

saerTaSoriso organizaciis wevri

qarTuli gamocanebis struqturuli SeswavlisaTvis

dalila bedianiZe



giorgi kekeliZis poezia da folklori

eka CxeiZe



folkloris anarekli postmodernul teqstebSi

elene gogiaSvili



meToduri pluralizmi teqstis analizSi

miTisa da zRapris diferencialuri niSnebis gansazRvri-

saTvis

3 ivnisi, 11 sT.

xaTuna TumaniSvili



semantikuri gansazRvrulobis

Taviseburebani igav-arakul JanrSi

(qarTuli da arabuli igav-arakebis

korpusis magaliTze)

4

irma yvelaSvili



solomon brZenis metaforuli sibrZnismetyveleba

eTer inwkirveli



`berwi iyos, gadeddeba!~

marine turaSvili



xalxuri legendebi zepir istoriebSi

mmariam bakuriZe



erTi xmiT natiralis poeturi samyaro

nino sozaSvili

iakob gogebaSvilis saxelobis

Telavis saxelmwifo universiteti

xmiT natirlebis poetikidan

3 ivnisi, 2 sT.

oTar oniani



amiranis mSoblebi

rusudan ColoyaSvili



urTierTdapirispirebuli miTosuri ori samyaro

5

nino balanCivaZe



zneobrivi mrwamsi da RvTisSvilis portreti

Sovna kvantaliani



klasobrivi da socialuri motivebi

megrul xalxur leqs-simRerebSi

6

magiuri yelsabami kavkasielTa

miTologiur gadmocemebSi

qeTevan sixaruliZe



mravalferovan miTosur samyaroSi zebunebrivi per-

sonaJebis saxels araCveulebrivi sagnebic ukavSirdeba,

romlebsac RvTaebrivi ostatebi qmnian da maT sxvadasxva

daniSnuleba aqvT. zogi am saganTagan RvTaebis atribu-

tia, zogs ki adamians aZleven saCuqrad, rogorc damcav

saSualebas. erT-erTi aseTi sagania yelsabami, romelsac

adamiani uZvelesi droidan iyenebda jer rogorc naala-

fevs (mokluli nadiris Zvlebs an kbilebs ikidebdnen

gulze), Semdeg ki socialuri statusis gamosaxatavad.

yelsabami (umetesad Zafze asxmuli da wriulad Sekruli

burTulebi) simbolurad ganasaxierebda kosmiuri nawi-

lebisa da socialuri jgufebis erTianobas. mogvianebiT

igi Zalauflebis insigniadac iqca.

miTologiaSi yelsabamma miiRo magiuri sagnis mniSvne-

loba. misi gamoyenebis sfero farToa (maqcioba, uCinrad

yofna, frena, Selocva da sxv.) da mflobelisaTvis sxva-

dasxva Sedegis momtani. magaliTad, berZnuli miTis mi-

xedviT, harmoniasaTvis RmerTebis mier naCuqar yelsabams

ubedureba mohqonda. skandinavur miTologiaSi siyva-

rulis qalRmerTi frei ar iSorebs juja cvergebis mier

damzadebul yelsabams. aRmosavleT saqarTvelos mTiel-

Ta miTologiaSi RvTisSvilebi atareben pirquSis mier

gakeTebul samkaulebs, romelTa Soris yelsabami - aSur-

mac ixsenieba.

kavkasielTa miTologiaSi arian mdedri personaJebi,

romlebic, savaraudod, nayofierebis RvTaebis trans-

formirebul saxes warmoadgenen (xevsurTa samZivari,

lekebis acalovi, darguelTa kibirxani, yumixelTa albas-

li). maT uyvarT samkaulebi, romelTa Soris mTavari ad-

gili mZivs ukavia. erT-erTi mosazrebiT, samZivaris sax-

elis etimologia mZivs ukavSirdeba. zog maTgans ada-

mianis dasanaxad ZonZebi acvia da uvargisi masalisgan

7

agebuli mZivi ukeTia. sinamdvileSi es aris uZvirfasesi

qvebis yelsabami, romelsac am arsebisTvis sasicocxlo

mniSvneloba aqvs iseve, rogorc avsulebisTvis Tmasa da

frCxilebs. amitomac ver eguebian mis dakargvas da yvela-

nairad cdiloben, daibrunon es nivTi. yumixuri gadmoce-

miT, albaslis mZivi patronis xmas gamoscems.

kavkasiuri miTologiis fragmentulobis gamo Znelia

mZivis funqciis, Zalisa da mniSvnelobis ufro konkre-

tulad gansazRvra. Tu gaviTvaliswinebT dasaxelebul

personaJTa bunebas, SeiZleba vifiqroT, rom nayofiere-

bis RvTaebis niSnebTan erTad maT memkvidreobiT miiRes

am RvTaebis erT-erTi mTavari atributi _ magiuri Zalis

mqone mZivi.

sityva `arabi~ qarTul zRaprebSi

nestan ratiani



qarTuli prozis mravaltomeulis Sedgenisas (rusTa-

velis fondis mier dafinansebuli proeqti) erT jgufad

gamovyavi garkveuli tipis zRaprebi. es aris e. w. SavCitas

tipis zRaprebi. SavCita esaa raSi, romlis saxelic zRa-

parSi zogjer TvalCitaa, zogjer mzevarda da zogjer igi

ubralod feris mixedviT moixsenieba, mag. wiTeli. am ti-

pis zRaprebSi cxenis mepatrone ZiriTadad qaliSvilia,

iSviaTad vaJi. maSin, rodesac mepatrone qaliSvilia, mas-

ze daqorwineba unda ucxo kacs, romelic umeteswilad

arabad moixsenieba, magram aris SemTxvevebi, rodesac igi

ubralod Savi kacia. sainteresoa, rom es Savi kaci an arabi

im zRaprebSi, sadac mTavari gmiri vaJia, wiTel kacad

gvevlineba da isic iseTive moZalade da negatiuria, ro-

gorc e. w. arabi. saqme isaa, rom arabi an Savi kaci moZala-

dea sxva tipis zRaprebSic. maSin, rodesac mama da Zma sax-

lidan midian, saxlSi qaliSvils toveben da misi meTval-

8

yure ojaxTan daaxloebuli piria — mRvdeli, mola, mas-

wavlebeli. es keTilad ganwyobili pirovneba maleve aCens

namdvil saxes da cdilobs, Zala ixmaros martod darCe-

nil asulze. am tipis zRaprebSi agresori SeiZleba arabic

an Savi kaci iyos. jadosnuri zRapris ZiriTadi maxasiaTe-

beli isaa, rom masSi dro da sivrce araa dakonkretebuli

da arc personaJTa eTnikuri warmomavlobaa miTiTebuli.

Sesabamisad, zRapris antagonisti baybay-devi, gveleSapi

an qajia, xolo zRapruli sivrce raxraxeTi, CaxCaxeTi an

qajeTia. zRapris enac imdagvaria, rom gmirs cxra zRvisa

da cxra mTis gadalaxva uxdeba, raTa daniSnulebis ad-

gilze Cavides. amdenad, sakmaod ucnauria is, rom zRapris

negatiuri gmiri konkretuli eTnikuri jgufis warmo-

madgenelia. es advilad asaxsneli iqneboda, Tuki isto-

riuli viTarebidan amovalT, magram maSin zRapris mo-

Zalade monRoli, sparsi, osmalo, rusic unda iyos. arada,

am eTnosebis warmomadgenlebi arasodes figurireben

zRaparSi arc negatiuri da, miT ufro, arc pozitiuri

gmiris saxiT. istoriuli viTarebiT amis axsna rom Se-

iZlebodes, maSin literaturaSic amdagvari suraTi unda

iyos. arada, “vefxistyaosanSi” yvelaze idealuri gmirebi

arabebi arian da isic unda aRiniSnos, rom iseTi idealuri

urTierToba, rogoric am warmosaxviT arabul saxelmwi-

foSia mefesa da mis qveSevrdomebs Soris, sxvagan arsad

gvxvdeba. nawarmoebis personaJebi, garda realurad arse-

buli erovnebebisa, gaurkveveli geografiuli arealis

mkvidrnic arian. magram es personaJebi ZiriTadad uaryo-

fiTni arian da poemaSi antagonistebad gvevlinebian.

moxsenebaSi Sevecdebi avxsna, ratom da rogor Caanac-

vla zemoxsenebulma eTnonimma zRapris borotmoqmedi.

amis ganxilva ki gansakuTrebiT sainteresoa im WrilSi,

roca arabebis literaturuli asaxva ase gamorCeulad

pozitiuria.

9

petre mirianaSvili qarTuli

folkloristkis istoriis sivrceSi

Teimuraz jagodniSvili

saqarTvelos teqnikuri universiteti

pirovnebac da misi naRvawic istoriis sivrceSi, mis

RirebulebaTa sistemaSi sxvagvarad Cans, vidre mis Tana-

medroveobaSi. droiTi manZili naRvawis Sinaarsis da Ri-

rebulebis Sefasebas Tavis kanonzomierebebs uqvemdeba-

rebs, rogorc warsulisaTvis, ise momavlisaTvis droi-

Tad gamZles da faseuls gamoarCevs. es ki gulisxmobs

folkloristikis, rogorc zepirsityvierebis Semswavle-

li mecnierebis, ara Casaxva-ganviTarebis faqtebisa da

movlenebis meqanikur-qronologiur dalageba-Txrobas,

aramed mecnieruli folkloristuli azris mkvebav

wyaroebTan mimarTebis rkveviT misi svla-gezisa da rao-

bis gamovlenas da konceptualuri paradigmebis dadgenas.

es principi daedo safuZvlad `qarTuli folkloristi-

kis istoriasac~, romlis pirveli nawili (XIX saukunis)

2004 wels gamoqveynda. masve emyareba meore nawilic, ro-

melic XX saukunis periods moicavs.

petre mirianaSvili (1860-1940) XIX saukunis bolos ga-

moCnda qarTuli folkloris moamageTa Soris. igi aqti-

uri sazogado moRvawe iyo, didad niWieri pedagogi da

Cveni zepirsityvierebis daucxromeli qomagobiTac miip-

yro sazogadoebis yuradReba. qarTuli folkloristikis

sferoSi misi moRvaweoba gansakuTrebiT saintereso XX

saukunis 10-20-iani wlebis qarTuli folkloristikis

istoriis sakiTxTa rkvevisaTvis aris mniSvnelovani, rad-

gan es periodi maincadamainc araa gamorCeuli masalo-

brivi siuxviTa da mravalferovnebiT, zogierTi mkvlev-

ris azriT ki am dros folkloristika CvenSi saerTod

Camkvdari iyo. amdenad p. mirianaSvilis praqtikul-Sem-

kreblobiT Tu folkloristul-kvlevaZiebiT muSaobaSi

Tanamedroveobis mecnieruli tradiciebi da tendenciebi

iCens Tavs. misi folkloristuli naRvawis sxvadasxva as-

peqtebi qarTul folkloristikaSi, cxadia, saTanadod

aris Seswavlili m. Ciqovanis, qs. sixaruliZis, gansakuT-

10

rebiT v. macaberiZis, agreTve sxvaTa mier, magram qarTu-

li folkloristikis istoriaSi misi adgilis rkveva jer

ar Semdgara.

p. mirianaSvilis folkloristul kvlevebSi erTi sa-

yuradRebo mimarTulebaa misi Ziebani xalxuri eposis

wiaRSi. magaliTad, 1913 wels man gamosca àmiranis leqsi,

Sekrebili da dawyobili petre mirianaSvilis mier~. am

wignSi man warmoadgina amiranis xalxur TqmulebaTa vari-

antebis gamTlianebiT Seqmnili eposis teqsti. winasity-

vaobaSi, romelsac am teqstis marTebulobis (`kanonzo-

mierebis~) Teoriuli dasabuTebis funqcia akisria, swo-

red Tavis Tanamedrove qarTuli folkloristuli mec-

nieruli Tvalsazrisi udevs safuZvlad: rodesac saqar-

Tvelo erTian saxelmwifod (èrT ojaxad~) arsebobda,

àmiranis Tqmulebac erTiani unda yofiliyo, erTi didi

ambavi~. saxelmwifos daSlis Semdeg ki `variantebad Se-

mounaxavs Cveni eris sxvadasxva Temsac da rac erTi Temis

Tqmulebas aklia, meorisaSi ipoveba~. teqstis gamTliane-

ba ki `zRapris ganviTarebis TandaTanobis~ principiT

aris ganxorcielebuli.

amave principiT gaamTliana man èTerianis~ da `ros-

tomianis~ folkloruli teqsetebi (ix. p. mirianaSvili

òri saerTo Tqmuleba~, 1914).

1908 wels Jurnal `faskunjSi~ (� 7, gv. 2-7) p. mirianaS-

vilma gamosca àbesalom da eTeris~ operis libreto,

dramatuli poemis saxiT: àbesalom da eTeri, Zveli xal-

xuri Tqmuleba leqsad, 8 suraTad, Sekrebili da sascenod

dawyobili petre mirianaSvilis mier~. es faqti zepir-

sityvieri teqstebis sruliad axali mizandasaxulobiT

gamoyenebis tendenciis arsebobas cxadyofs, rac Tavis-

Tavad sainteresoa folkloristikis istoriisaTvis. p.

mirianaSvilis mecnieruli mosazrebebidan bevri ram, cxa-

dia, aSkarad moZvelebuli da, rbilad rom vTqvaT, sustia,

magram amis miuxedavad, bunebrivia, es folkloristuli

memkvidreoba Seswavlas da qarTuli mecnieruli folk-

loristuli azris istoriaSi Sesabamisi adgilis gansaz-

Rvras saWiroebs.

11

ia-batonebis daxvedris tradicia

saqarTveloSi

ekaterine Sengelia



Tedo saxokias mowmobiT, ia-batonebs, igive infeqciur

daavadebebs, samegreloSi osmalo vaWrebisagan gavrcele-

bulad Tvlidnen. xalxs miaCnda, rom es daavadebebi

`zRvis gaRmidan~ modioda da epidemias, rogorc SeeZlo,

ise ebrZoda. samegreloSi erTmaneTisagan ganasxvavebdnen

did batonebsa (Savi Wiri, xorvela, yvavil-batonebi)da

mcire batonebs (wiTela, qunTruSa, yivanaxvela).

`patonefis~ miTiur warsuls maTi saxelic inaxavs. pa-

ton-batoni, mefe, meufe, ufrosi. dRes ukve ar Cans, hqon-

da Tu ara `patonefs~ sxva raime RvTaebrivi funqcia, sa-

nam konkretul daavadebebs daukavSirdeboda.

rogorc TiTqmis yvela RvTaeba megrul miTologiaSi,

patonefic wyalTan dakavSirebuli arsebebi yofilan. ma-

Ti zRvidan warmomavloba Tanxvdeba aRmosavleT saqarT-

velos warmodgenebs batonebis warmoSobaze. batonebi mi-

widan amodian, zRvaurobaSic swored fskeri igulisxmeba,

miwis wiaRi da qveskneli. erTi teqstis mixedviT, isini

`zRvis gadaRma~ cxovroben. maTi samyofeli kacis Tval-

Tagan Seudgamia da sakraluri adgilia. es adgili qar-

Tuli zRaprebis `cxra mTasa da cxra zRvis~ gadaRma arse-

bul miTiur samyofels Seesabameba, sadac saswauli ambebi

xdeba. wyalTan kavSiri ufro metad cnaurdeba erT, TiT-

qosda, patara detalSi: meTevze kunZulze didi Tevzis

meSveobiT moxvdeba. Tevzis samyofelic `zRvis iqiT~ mxa-

resaa. batonebis brZanebiT, imave Tevzs gamohyavs meTevze

samSvidobos. `ia-~ batonebs aqvT unari, marTon da da-

imorCilon zRvis arsebebi. batonebis zRvauroba maTi

rCeulobisa da RvTaebriobis niSania, radganac, wyals,

zogadad, miTologiaSi mniSvnelovani roli akisria da

misi kulti universaluria.

batonebTan Sexvedras Tavisi wesebi aqvs. avadmyofo-

bis Seyrisas avadmyofs eqmneba sagangebo pirobebi: uv-

12

lian gansakuTrebulad, amzadeben da alamazeben oTaxs

yvavilebiT, akeTeben xis Tojinebs, batonebs ar uyvarT

xmauri, amitomac xSirad umRerian. kedelze Congursac

datovebdnen Camokidebuls, Cumad ukraveno. mokled, mo-

qmedebs tabuirebis mravali forma: ikrZaleba miwis da-

muSaveba (dixaS WyoRua _ miwis daWra), sisxlis daqceva,

Rvinis daleva, aucilebelia msubuqad kveba da a.S. mTa-

vari mainc `Semxvewarebis~ ritualia. batonebTan (avad-

myofTan) midian saxadgadatanili adamianebi an isini, vi-

sac surT, msubuqad SexvdeT avadmyofoba. moaqvT sagan-

gebo ZRveni, umetesad, frinvelebi, romelTac niskarts,

brWyalebsa da guls wiTlad uRebaven. megrelebs sjero-

daT, rom batonebi dRisiT avadmyofis sxeulidan gadiod-

nen da saRamos, mzis Casvlisas brundebodnen.

batonebis mziurobaze maTi samyofelic mianiSnebs:

`kunZulis napirebs lurji zRva kocnida da zed efrqve-

oda mzis oqroTi dausrulebeli brWyviala sxivebi. `oq-

ro, rogorc RvTis atributi Tavs iCens iseT simbolur

saxeebSi, rogoricaa: oqros sasaxle, oqros taxti. leq-

sebSi mTqmeli paTetikuri da amaRlebuli toniT mimar-

Tavs maT: `qomiSkideT, qudozojiT~ (mikadreT, dabrZan-

diT), `oqroS taxti gonwyil mafu~ (oqros taxti momiwy-

via), `skanoT kari gonjamilie~ (SenTvis kari Riaa) da a.S.

oqros taxti RvTaebis sakadrisi da aucilebeli miTo-

suri gansasvenebli (universaluri) adgilia. batonebs,

rogorc RvTaebebs, ise xvdebian.

aRniSvnis Risria `patonefis~ sasmeli: `maT samyaroSi

ganuwyvetliv sdis Taflisa da rZis nakadulebi~ rZis pa-

tiviscema gansakuTrebiT icodnen samegreloSi, erTi le-

gendis mixedviT, mzem piri rZiT daibana da amitom anaTebs

ase Zlier, mzes da rZes saerTo saxeli `bJa~ hqvia. xolo

Taflis, mefutkreobis kultis niSnad mkvlevarebi RvTa-

eba agunas miiCneven, romlis saritualo teqstSi fut-

krisa da Taflis siuxves iTxoven. saintereso isaa, rom

meTevzem akrZaluli samyaro ixila, RvTaebis sakuTreba,

romelic vaSiners! mas ar unda enaxa rZisa da Taflis na-

kadulebi, oqros sasaxle da a.S miuxedavad amisa, batone-

bis surviliT cocxali gadarCa.

batonebs, megrelTa warmodgeniT, aqvT mkurnalobis

unari, romelsac nebayoflobiT iyeneben. saritualo teq-

13

stebSi iTxoven avadmyofobis `moSuSebas~, `mooxebas~,

naklis ar darCenas. batonebisagan damizezebuli Tu sami

wlis ganmavlobaSi ver ganTavisufldeboda naklisagan

(siyrue, sibrmave), mimarTavda wm. barbares. gadmocemaTa

analizisas irkveva, rom maT aqvT kavSiri sneulebis mfar-

vel da TvalTa Suqis uzenaes patronze. saerTod, bar-

bale `batonebis mamidadac` ixseneba. niSandoblivia, rom

batonebTan tabu iyo dadebuli `Tvalisa~ da `yelis~ xse-

nebaze. v. bardaveliZes Seswavlili aqvs mzis _ Tvalisa

da barbales urTierTmimarTeba. SeiZleba vifiqroT, rom,

Tvalis, rogorc mzis, RvTaebis simbolos xseneba iseve

vaSiners, rogorc, davuSvaT, gvelis xseneba. barbalesa da

batonebis kavSiri Cans kidev erT detalSi: sizmarSi msu-

buqi batonebi warmoidginebian TeTri samosiT, gaSlil da

mSvenier Tmian qalebad. TeTri _ mzis, sinaTlis, rZia fe-

ria. vera bardaveliZis mixedviT, samegreloSi yvelieris

oTxSabaTs TeTrad Semosilni modiodnen barbales sax-

elobis eklesiaSi da Rames aTevdnen. batonebis qaluri

sawyisi mziur barbalesTan poulobs kavSirsa da simbo-

lur Tanxvedras.

sarwmunoebriv-miTologiuri baladebi

tristan maxauri



qarTuli xalxuri baladebidan calke jgufad gamo-

iyofa sarwmunoebriv-miTologiuri xasiaTis teqstebi:

`iaxsari~, `kopala~, `pirquSi~, `brZanebda laSaris jvari~,

`Suris cixe~, `Tavadi wyarosTaveli~, `ÃaÃmatis giorgi~,

`giorgi, nu gaiqcevi~, `devebis amomwyveti~, `gaburT eSma~

da sxva.

akaki SaniZem xsenebuli baladebi `xalxuri poeziis (I,

xevsuruli, 1931 w.)~ krebulSi Seitana da moaTavsa Semdeg

14

ganyofilebaSi: `xalxuri Tqmulebani~. danarCeni klasi-

fikatorebi maT sxvadasxva rubrikaSi aTavseben. magali-

Tad, mixeil Ciqovani `miTologiurs~ miakuTvnebda, qsenia

sixaruliZe _ `sawesos~.

giorgi kalandaZem ki aRniSnuli baladebi or jgufad

gayo: erTi nawili Seitana TavSi, romelsac uwoda `saweso-

sarwmunoebrivi xasiaTis baladebi~, xolo meore nawili

ase daasaTaura: `xalxur Tqmulebebze agebuli baladebi~.

zemoT CamoTvlil yvela baladasTan dakavSirebulia

raime Tqmuleba anu `andrezi~. amitom maT SeiZleba `an-

drezuli baladebic~ davarqvaT.

mkvlevarma daviT gogoWurma xsenebuli nimuSebi saer-

Tod ar Seitana baladebis krebulSi `maRla mTas modga~

(gamomcemloba `nakaduli~, 1991 w.). arada, isini namdvi-

lad xasiaTdebian baladuri niSnebiT: aqvT mkveTrad Ca-

moyalibebuli siuJeti, romelic dramatulad viTardeba;

RvTisSvilTa sagmiro ambebs gadmogvcemen xalxuri bala-

disaTvis niSandoblivi kompaqturi simokliT; teqstebSi

aris mimarTvebi, dialogebi da, rac yvelaze mTavaria, es

teqstebi dResac aRmosavleT saqarTvelos mTianeTSi

ferxuliT sruldeba, rac baladis adreuli safexurisT-

vis iyo damaxasiaTebeli.

sarwmunoebriv-miTologiur baladebSi Txroba pirve-

li piriT mimdinareobs. konkretuli RvTisSvili TviTon

yveba sakuTar Tavgadasavals, rac am baladebs genetiku-

rad akavSirebs naqadagar teqstebTan, sadac qadagi ag-

reTve pirveli piriT (RvTis piriT) ucxadebs saymos

RvTis neba-survils.

sarwmunoebriv-miTologiuri baladebis gmiri, Cve-

ulebrivi sagmiro baladis gmirisagan gansxvavebiT, bo-

rotebasTan brZolaSi mudam gamarjvebuli gamodis da sa-

kuTar kults aarsebs, brZolaSi daRupuli Cveulebrivi

gmirisa ki mxolod saxeli rCeba.

rac Seexeba baladebs `devebis qorwili~, `devebis

amomwyveti~, `gaburT eSma~, isini Tumca iumoristuli el-

feriT gamoirCevian da amis gamo mkvlevarT SedarebiT

gvian Seqmnil poetur teqstebad miaCniaT, magram maTSi

garkveulwilad mainc aris asaxuli qarTvel mTielTa mi-

Tologiuri rwmena-warmodgenebi.

15

sakulto teqstebis stiluri da

mxatvruli Tavisebureba

xvTiso mamisimediSvili



sakulto teqstis, iseve rogorc yvela zepiri Zeglis,

gamomsaxvelobiTi mxare xalxuri poetikis wesebs emya-

reba, Tumca mxatvruli formiT sakulto teqstebi arse-

biTad gansxvavdeba zepirsityvierebis sxva Janrebisgan.

sakulto teqstebis sakraluri xasiaTi, sinkretuli bune-

ba, warmoTqmis forma, tropuli metyveleba, Sesrulebis

ritualuri wesi da leqsika ganapirobebs mis mxatvrul

Taviseburebas.

sakraluri xasiTis gamo mkacrad izRudeba raime Ca-

reva sakulto teqstis leqsikaSi, struqturasa da tro-

pul metyvelebaSi (gansakuTrebiT xevsureTis saymoebis

tradiciiT). kultmsaxuri sakralur ritualze religi-

uri gznebiT aRavlens sakulto teqsts. sakulto teqsti,

SeiZleba iTqvas, sakraluri ritualis apoTeozia. amitom

xucobans kultmsaxuri gansakuTrebuli intonaciiT war-

moTqvams. intonacias, rogorc azrisa da gancdis gadmo-

cemis Tavisebur xerxs, mniSvnelovani adgili ukavia ze-

piri teqstis organizebaSi. sakulto teqstis warmoTqmis

dros icvleba xucesis xmis simaRle, azroblivi toni da

tembri. intonaciiT gamoixateba xuces-dekanozis emocia,

sulieri ganwyobileba. magaliTad, pirisqariT xucobasa

da kurTxevans xucesi mSvidi, gabmuli RiRiniT asrulebs,

jvar-xatTa sadideblebs amaRlebuli, sazeimo, aweuli

toniT, salocav-savedreblebs ki ufro dabali, daweuli

tembriT, mas xvewna-mudarisa da mokrZalebis ieri ufro

dahkravs. sakulto teqstebSi intonacia gansxvavdeba imis

mixedviT, Tu vin aris mimarTvis adresati, saymo Tu

RvTisSvili. naqadagari erTgvari SeZaxiliT warmoiTqmis

da RvTisSvili saymos ufro brZanebis kiloTi mimarTavs.

xucobanis teqstebi ar ganekuTvneba prozas, radgan

misTvis damaxasiaTebeli ar aris Tavisufali TxrobiTi

metyveleba. is Sinaarsic, romelic Cadebulia am tipis

teqstebSi ar gvxvdeba Cveulebrivi TxrobiTi Janris na-

16

warmoebebSi. xucesi am teqstebiT RmerTsa da mfarvel

RvTisSvilebs mimarTavs. garda amisa, rituali teqsts

aniWebs sazeimo tonalobas. sakulto teqstebi amaRle-

buli toniT gadmogvcems sakralur Sinaarss.teqstebs,

romelSic mTeli sazogadoebis rwmena, sasoeba da siwmin-

dea ganivTebuli, moZebnili aqvT Sinaarsis Sesatyvisi

forma. sakulto teqstebis sakraluri Sinaarsi srul

SesabamisobaSia im formasTan, romelic Seqmnilia zeciur

ZalTa sadideblad, ùzenaesTan sasaubrod~.

savaraudoa, rom RvTisa da mfarvel wmindanTa mimarT

aRvlenili vedrebisa da didebis gamoxatvis es forma

xalxurma Semoqmedebam elitaruli kulturidan isesxa.

SegviZlia vimsjeloT sakulto teqstebis elitarul, wig-

nur warmoSobaze. maT iseTive struqturuli aRnagoba

aqvT, rogorc kanonikur orTodoqsul teqstebs. jvar-

xatTa sadideblebisa da troparis saerTo warmomavloba

eWvs ar iwvevs. isini saerTo arqetipidan momdinareoben.

xucobanze dakvirveba cxadyofs, rom sxvadasxva loc-

viT formulebSi erTmaneTis momdevno ori sityva _ sin-

tagma umetesad erTnairi bgerebiT iwyeba. zepirad warmo-

saTqmel teqsts amgvari bgerwera, keTilxmovanebis gar-

da, poetur organizebaSi exmareba da mis ritmul aRnago-

bas uwyobs xels. magaliTad, `ggaxyvidi, ggaumarjvidi~,

`mmavnisa, mmarÃisa~, `mmaTxoili mmadli~, ùumrudoodan, uuwy-

rebodan~, `ddavlaT ddaaÃmaridiT~, `ssabel-ssamÃriTa~, `ssas-

jelisad, saziano saqmisad~, `naSvral-namuSavrisad~, ùucod-

robiT, uumecrobiT~, `SSanawyen-SSanacodvar SSaundvidiT~.

bgerweris amgvari nimuSi gvxvdeba sxva xalxur teqsteb-

Sic, kerZod xmiT natiralSi `SSarmanaulo, SSavardenoo~.

amdenad, sakulto teqstebi folkloris specifikuri

Janria, romelic Seicavs rogorc prozis, ise poeziis

elementebsac. sakulto teqstebi, radgan mosasmenad aris

gankuTvnili, msmenelze esTetikur zemoqmedebasac ax-

dens. teqstis organizebaSi mniSvnelovan rols asrulebs

locviTi formulebis keTilxmovaneba. sakulto teqsteb-

Si gvxvdeba aliteracia, romelic musikalurad kidev uf-

ro organizebuls xdis xucobans. sakulto teqstebs po-

eziasTan yvelaze metad poeturi bgerwera aaxloebs. xax-

matis jvris sadidebelSi xucesi erTnairi da msgavsi bge-

17

rebis gameorebiT akeTilxmovnebs teqsts da amiT emoci-

urobas aniWebs mas:

`...Sen gadidas RmerTma, ÃaÃmatis jvaro,

giorgi naRormSveniero, naRorevs meburTvalo,

xelo samZimaro, imis mode momxreno, ÃmeleTze

Ãmis mtexo,

rjulian-urjuloT salocao, qajaveTis gamtexo~.

[sadideblebi 1998: 40]

xucobanis stilistur damaxasiaTebel saSualebaTa-

gan SeiZleba calke gamoiyos uaryofiTi nawilakebis ga-

moyeneba, romelic aZlierebs teqstis emociur mxares,

xolo jvrisadmi vedreba kidev ufro ritmuli da STam-

beWdavi xdeba.

uaryofiTi nawilakis ramdenjerme gameorebiT sazo-

gadoeba (xucesi) gamoxatavs Tavisi gadawyvetilebis ur-

yevobas. azris gamosaxvis es forma met kategoriulobas

aniWebs mTqmelis tons. amgvari poeturi sintaqsi ufro

metad damaxasiaTebelia darisxebis teqstebisTvis:

`nu gamaiyvanas imis saxlSiiT, nuc qudiani-d’

nuc mandiliani...

nu maumarTas Ãeli nuc mterze, nuc nadirze!..~

epiTetebi xatovnad axasiaTeben saymoebis mfarvel

RvTisSvilebs. magram epiTetebs sakulto teqstebSi ara

aqvT mxolod mxatruli daniSnuleba. saxuco teqstebi,

rogorc sakulto ritualis Semadgeneli nawili, inaxaven

miTologiur codnas jvar-xatebis bunebis Sesaxeb. RvTis-

Svilebis funqciebisa da niSan-Tvisebebis codna gamoxa-

tulia jvar-xatTa epiTetebSi.

18

nadirT RvTaebisa da alis saxeTa Serwymis tendencia mTis folklorsa

da vaJa fSavelas moTxrobebSi

Teimuraz qurdovaniZe



adamianis azrovnebis ganviTarebis uwyveti procesi

aisaxa rogorc miTebSi, ise rwmena-warmodgenebSi (cru

rwmenebSi). maT safuZvelze Camoyalibebuli gadmocemebis

gmirebs niSan-Tvisebebis msgavseba an erTgvaroba udas-

turdebaT, rac zogjer maTi genetikis erTgvarobiT aris

gapirobebuli. saerTo Tvisebebi axasiaTebT samonadireo

miTis gmirs, RvTaeba dalis da cru rwmenis saburvelSi

gaxveul borot suls, als. dali da ali sxvadasxva drois

Svilebi arian da ar Cans, rom maT msgavsebas genetikuri

winapiroba hqondes. alis dalisagan gansxvavebas mis Ses-

axeb moTxrobili ambebis Sinagani struqtura da mTqmel-

Ta maTdami mimarTebac aaSkaravebs.

nadirT RvTaebis erTi umTavresi maxasiaTebeli maqci-

aobis unari iyo. igi monadires eCveneboda saxeSecvlili

(TeTri an Wreli bewviT, oqros, dagrexili an amobrune-

buli rqebiT) da acdenda, sayvarel monadiresac ki. an-

Tropomorfuli saxiT warmodgenili nadirT RvTaeba la-

mazi qalia, aqvs grZeli oqrosferi Tma. misi ZiriTadi

funqcia _ nadirT mfarveloba _ qaluri sawyisis aqtu-

alizaciiTaa (samijnuro erTgulebis Tema) niSandebuli.

patriarqatma Tavisi nadirT patroni moiyvana: oCo-

pinte (xevsureTi), kacebi da qalebi (kaxeTi), da-Zma (sain-

gilo), `tyaSi mafa~ da mesefebi (samegrelo), magram qali

mainc darCa. gaZlierebulma mamakacma nadirT mwyemsma da-

undobeli brZola gamoucxada qalRvTaebas da mSvenieri

nadirT dedofali borot Zalad aqcia da daamaxinja ki-

dec. raWuli da qarTluri gadmocemebis mixedviT, mas

`esxnes gverdni ukaniT da TiTni ukaniT, / piri kisriT da

kiseri /piriT/, / zurgi mucliT da muceli zurgiT,/ mux-

li qveiT da wvivi zeiT,/ qusli waRma da TiTni ukaniT-

ve,/Tmani sazareli, sisxliTa dasvrili~. aseTi metamor-

foza (msgavsi cnoba daculia megrul prozaul gadmoce-

19

maSic) im mizniT ganxorcielda, rom miTuri idumalebisa-

gan dacliliyo dali da misi garegnoba sruliad kontra-

stul niSnulamde misuliyo, SiSi Caenerga mnaxvelisTvis.

qristianulma msoflmxedvelobam dals (dalebs) Caanac-

vla tyis qali, Semdgom ki igi Seerwya tyis binadar als

(Turqulenovani samyarodan Semosul demonologiis cno-

bil maxij, WuWyian qals), romelic CvenSi garegnobiT

dals miemsgavsa. alebs, kldis an tyis sulebsac mieweraT

garegnuli mSveniereba da lamazi Tmebi, maqciaobis unari,

siyvarulisTvis mzaoba. ddemonuri tyis qali — avsulebi

_ nadirobasTan kavSirs ar amJRavneben, binadroben isev

adamianTa sacxovrisis gareT, Tumca ara Zveleburad miu-

val adgilas, vneben dasaqorwinebel qal-vaJebs, sasiyva-

rulo urTierTobebSi erTguleba-simtkices aRar moiT-

xoven. isini eridebian adamianebs, magram Casafrebulebi

elian, rodis gamoCndeba gzaabneuli mgzavri, raTa datan-

jon. borotad arian ganwyobili aseve melogineTa mimarT

da sxv.

raki dali upiratesad erT sferos ganagebda, amitom

misi funqciebi SemosazRvruli iyo. roca dalim dakarga

RvTaebrioba da mis nacvlad demonuri arseba, ali gaba-

tonda tyeSi, mas mimosvlis areali (Cndeba wyalSi, tyeSi,

kldeze) gaufarTovda. alis saxelTan borotebaa dakav-

Sirebuli. demonologiaSi cnobili wylis, kldisa da tyis

maqcia alebi xan nadirad iqcevian, xan Citad (peplad), xa-

nac xorciel qalad. xalxi maTgan Tavs icavs, maT Soris,

SelocviT an wminda giorgis saxelis xsenebiT.

qarTuli gadmocemebi alze tipologiis CarCoSi jde-

ba: adamianis winaSe is moulodnelad Cndeba da uceb qreba,

TeTrebs icvams, gawewili Tmebi fexebamde swvdeba. sxva-

gan meti konkretizacia Cndeba: ali axalgazrda, Tvrameti

wlis qalia, `aqvs grZeli Savi Tma, romelic koWamde

scems, tanze araferi acvia, erTTavad wyalSi zis. zogjer

qvaze Semojdeba da Tmas ivarcxnis. Tu vinme miepara da

Tma moaWra makratliT, maSin rogorc Cveulebrivi qali

mokvdavi xdeba. Tu adre dalis monadireni asaCuqrebdnen:

Txis, xaris an Zroxis tyavisagan amosxmul pawawina qal-

mebs utovebdnen kldeSi, als, mavne suls, monadireTa da

mgzavrTa mters, ebrZvian da moxerxebiT imorCileben ki-

dec. alis samyofi maRali kldeebidan dabla, tye-RreSi,

20

venaxebSi Camovida. dabneldeba Tu ara, gzaze gamodis, da-

uxvdeba gamvlelebs TmagaSlili da xelebgaSlili, waiy-

vans da Tavis Wkuaze atarebs.

vaJa fSavelas moRvaweobis xanaSi nadirT RvTaeba

gardasuli drois warmodgenebis produqti iyo da masze

mxolod sizmrebis (xilvebis) formiT SeiZleboda sauba-

ri. amitom moTxrobaSi `napralni~ dalis nacvali, Zveli

Sinaarsisagan daclili misi mkrTali anarekli moqmedebs.

ali, rogorc boroteba, ukve dadgenil mocemulobad ar-

sebobs, anu konkretuli motivaciis gareSe Camdgara Ta-

vis amfson veSapTan erTad borotebis samsaxurSi. moT-

xroba igavis poetikasaa daqvemdebarebuli. vaJa keTil-

Tan borotis brZolis alegoriul suraTs xatavs da war-

mogvidgens situacias, roca Zliers sustis dasamoneblad

araviTari mizezi ar sWirdeba. moTxrobaSi mdinaris sti-

qias daurRvevia kldis mTlianoba, rasac simbolurad

qveynis gaxleCad moiazrebs mwerali, miTiTebulia SiSis

gamefebazec. Cveni qveynis istoriuli gamocdileba ikiT-

xeba veSapis TavgadasavalSi. man Tavad ki ar daipyro es

teritoria, aramed ukve gapobils Seefara, Zalagamoc-

lil, brZolis uunaro garemoSi damkvidrda. am moTxro-

baSi ali giJmaJi, qarafSuta da udardeli qalia, lapara-

kobs sxapa-sxupiT, xelebis, fexebis da saxis TamaSiT. va-

Jas dawinaurebuli aqvs trfobis motivi. veSaps oCokoCis

funqciiT warmoadgens, als — tyaSmafasi, romelic Tavisi

winamor-bediviT Tavad xlarTavs sasiyvarulo qsels.

moTxrobaSi `crupentela aRmzrdeli~ gamoyvanili

ali maqciaobis garda, jadoqaricaa. SeuZlia adamians

moaCvenos fantastikuri silamazisa da simdidris sasax-

leebi, baRebi, romelSic rigi xilisa mwifdeba, rigi yva-

vis, nairferi frinvelebi dafrinaven da galoben. igi ja-

dosnuri salamuris dakvriT acekvebs mTa-bars, cxovel-

frinvelebs (orive motivi jadosnuri zRapridanaa aRebu-

li). moTxrobis mTavari gmiris piriT vaJa adasturebs

rwmenas, rom ali, dalis msgavsad, SeiZleba miixmaro me-

urneobaSi da Tu als dauzavdebi, gamdidrdebi. cixeli

baqiaobs, rom roca ali masTan cxovrobda, misi cxvar-

Zroxa dedamiwas amZimebda, fuliT — oqro da vercxliT —

savse qvevrebi hqonda...

21

vaJas daxatuli alebi xSiri da grZeli oqrosferi

TmebiT hgvanan demonologiaSi cnobil alebs, magram gan-

sxvavdebian kidec. mwerali, rogorc sCveoda, amraval-

ferovnebs am personaJTa mxatvrul saxeebs da ise xatavs

alis mSvenierebas, rom erTi ymawvili aRiarebs: ali Semiy-

vardao.

miTosuri arqetipi literaturul sivrceSi

qeTevan elaSvili



arseboben qrestomaTiuli miTosuri arqetipebi, ro-

melnic Sinagani stabiluri da ucdomeli diapazoniT

sxvadasxva eTnokulturaSi metnaklebad identuri situ-

aciuri datvirTviT arian warmodgenilni.

amgvar saintereso da Sesabamisad mistikur arqetipTa

TanadajgufebaSia wisqvilisa Tu mewisqvilis fenomeni,

romelic miwaTmoqmedi xalxebis folklorSi miTosuri

datvirTviT gvxvdeba. rac mTavaria, uCveulobisa da idu-

malebis `Sleifi~ mas dResac Tan sdevs mxatvrul azrov-

nebaSi.

wisqvilis miTosuri Tu jadosnuri zRapris arqetipi

ucxo araa qarTuli eTnosisaTvis, sadac is droebiT _

garemoebisda mixedviT sakralur, grZneul adgiladaa

miCneuli da risame Secnobisa Tu sulieri iniciaciis `mi-

Tovelia~ (Tuki SesaZlebelia `miTosuri velidan~ amgvari

kompoziti vawarmooT).

rusudan ColoyaSvili Tavis monografiaSi `zRapari

da sinamdvile~ wisqvilsac gamoyofs, rogorc qarTuli

zRapruli eposis erT-erT saintereso fenomens _ `wis-

qvilTan kontaqti sasikeTo gardatexas iwvevs dadebiTi

personaJis cxovrebaSi~ (r. ColoyaSvili).

pozitiuri datvirTvis garda wisqvili ambivalentu-

ricaa Tavisi Sinagani bunebidan gamomdinare anu erTi

22

sagnis meored universaluri gardasaxvis gamo da mas `de-

monur simbolosac uwodeben~ (�.�. ��). rac Seexeba wisqvilis mxatvrul diapazons, rom aRa-

raferi vTqvaT Tavad literaturul zRaprebze da mar-

tooden klasikuri nimuSebiT SemovifargloT (iqneba es

servantesi Tu alfos dode), am miTosuri arqetipis ram-

denime, Zalzed originaluri interpretacia ikveTeba.

erT-erTi am interpretaciaTagan Wabua amirejibis sa-

xels ukavSirdeba: Tamamad SeiZleba iTqvas, rom Tavis mi-

Tosur-filosofiuri wiaRsvlebiT aqcentirebul roman-

Si `daTa TuTaSxia~ wisqvilisa Tu mewisqvilis miTosuri

biografiis gaTvaliswinebiT igi qmnis sakuTar litera-

turul miTs. Wabua amirejibTan wisqvili (sxvaTa mier Se-

Zenili da ara sagvareuli) daTa TuTaSxiasTvis sikvdilis

mzaobis imgvar safexurad iqca, rom abo tfilelis sada-

rad masac xelewifeba sakuTar Tavs sikvdilis gzaze Sem-

dgars, rogorc gareSem ise uyuros da CaaxSos es didi

tkivili raRac ufro mniSvnelovani gancdiT. swored wis-

qvilSi xdeba daTa TuTaSxias sulieri iniciacia da mama-

kacuri nebelobis imgvari srulyofa, rom `Sin dabrune-

buls~ sakuTari Svilis xeliT `sasikvdilod gangmiruls~

kidev Seswevs Zala garkveuli koreqcia Seitanos be-

disweraSi da sakuTari sikvdilic erTgvari `miTolo-

giiT~ SeniRbos.

qarTuli gamocanebis struqturuli SeswavlisaTvis

meri xuxunaiSvili-wiklauri

britaneTis folkloris

saerTaSoriso organizaciis wevri

gamocana folkloris universaluri Janria da misi

warmoSoba uZveles epoqas ukavSirdeba. mis uZveles ni-

muSebs safuZvlad udevs animisturi warmodgenebi samya-

roze, samyaros miTosuri aRqma. gamocana mWidro kavSirSi

23

iyo aseve tabusTan. folkloris am Janrma droTa ganmav-

lobaSi evolucia ganicada da primitiuli formidan uf-

ro rTul formad Camoyalibda.

Cvens xelT arsebuli werilobiTi wyaroebis mixedviT

gamocanis pirveliSemfasebeli aristotele iyo (Zv.w. IVs.),

romelmac gamocanas `kargad Sedgenili metafora“ uwoda.

gamocanebi Semonaxulia uZveles werilobiT wyaroebSi _

rigvedaSi, axikaris darigebebSi, TalmudSi, bibliaSi. arCil

mefe (1647-1713 ww.) Tavis wignSi `saqaTvelos zneobani~ xazs

usvamda gamocanis rols da adgils qarTuli sazogadoe-

bisaTvis. igi Tavadac Txzavda gamocanebs.

qarTuli gamocanebis Sekreba XIX saukunis 30-iani wle-

bidan iwyeba da mas saTave platon ioselianma daudo. dRe-

isaTvis qarTuli gamocanebis yvelaze mdidari koleqcia

inaxeba SoTa rusTavelis qarTuli literaturis insti-

tutis folkloris arqivSi da xelnawerTa institutSi.

gamocanebis kvleva saqarTveloSi ZiriTadad sabWoTa

periodidan iwyeeba. qarTveli folkloristebi swavlob-

dnen gamocanis kompoziciis, poetikis, Tematikis, Sesru-

lebis tradiciis sakiTxebs. gamocanas ganixilavdnen ro-

gorc `metaforebis, metonimebis, poeturi paradoqsebisa

da tropis uamrav saxeTa mdidar arsenals~ (j. bardavel-

iZe); `ritmuli JReradobis, kiTxviT mowodebul iduma-

lebis Semcvel mcire formian mxatvrul nawarmoebs, ro-

melSic gasaSifris calkeuli Tvisebebi da niSnebi umete-

sad metaforuli mniSvnelobiT gveZleva~ (f. zandukeli).

qarTuli gamocanebis struqturuli SeswavliT Seve-

cadeT gansxvavebuli kuTxiT warmogveCina isini da gveC-

venebina aucilebloba folkloris am mcire, magram mniS-

vnelovani Janris kvlevis meTodis ganaxlebisa da ganvi-

Tarebisa dasavluri gamocanamcodneobis miRwevebis gaT-

valiswinebiT. qarTuli gamocanebis struqturuli anal-

izis safuZvelze SegviZlia ganvmartoT, rom gamocana

aris tradiciuli verbaluri gamonaTqvami, romlis stru-

qturuli birTvi, ZiriTadi erTeuli aris aRweriTi ele-

menti, romelic SeiZleba Sedgebodes erTi an ramodenime

wyvilisgan. es wyvilebi SeiZleba iyvnen dapirispirebul-

ni. aRweriTi elementi SeiZleba iyos metaforuli an ga-

mosacnobi sagnis pidapir aRweras warmoadgendes.

24

gamocanis struqturuli Seswavla gaaRrmavebs Cvens

codnas qarTuli gamocanis Sesaxeb da mas saerTaSoriso

Rirebulebas SesZens.

giorgi kekeliZis poezia da folklori

dalila bedianiZe



folklori iyo da aris literaturis erT-erTi um-

Zlavresi masazrdoebeli wyaro. mas iyenebdnen rogorc

dRevandelobamde moRvawe mwerlebi, aseve Tanamedrove

periodis moRvaweebi. dRevandeli globalizaciis peri-

odSi, roca gaaqtiurda urTierToba sxva qveynebTan,

erovnuli muxtis gaZlierebis mizniT gaaqtiurda urTi-

erToba sxva qveynebis folklorTanac, ramac Tavisi kva-

li daatyo Tanamedrove poezias.

Tanamedrove axalgazrduli poeziis erT-erTi lide-

ri giorgi kekeliZe Tavis poeziaSi xSirad mimarTavs

folklors, rogorc qarTuls, aseve antikurs Tu sxva

qveynebisas. mis leqsebSi gvxvdeba qarTuli xalxuri zRa-

prebis motivebi, reminiscenciebi, xatovani sityva-Tqmebi

(ix. leqsebi: `gaseirneba sevdis baRidan~, `saqarTvelo~,

àmbiT valenturi odebi~ da sxva).

giorgi kekeliZis poeziaSi uxvad aris qarTuli, Tu

sxva qveynebis miTosuri paralelebi (ix. leqsebi: àl~,

`hala limzir~, `dalai dal~, `dalai cols~, àmiranis

oda~, `wigni mowerili Sendami pirveli~, èleusa~ da sxva).

poetis damokidebuleba folkloruli masalebisadmi

yvelgan SemoqmedebiTia. gamoyenebul masalas igi saku-

Tar xelweras atyobs, sakuTar quraSi gamowvavs da ase

warmogvidgens. folkloruli masala amdidrebs g. keke-

liZis poezias, matebs qarTul kolorits, aZlierebs

erovnul muxts mis leqsebSi, sakvlevad sainteresos xdis

mas.

25

folkloris anarekli postmodernul

teqstebSi

eka CxeiZe



Tanamedrove qarTuli prozis Sesaswavlad da Rrmad

gasaazreblad Zalze mniSvnelovania folkloruli Zire-

bis gamovlena. am mxriv sayuradRebo masalas warmoadgens

xalxuri legendebi, gadmocemebi, leqsebi, Selocvebi da

xmiT natirlebi. sainteresoa imaze dakvirveba, Tu ra miz-

niT iyenebs da ra datvirTva SeiZina ama Tu im Tanamedrove

mwerlis prozaSi zepirsityvierebis nimuSebma.

mniSvnelovania Tanamedrove mwerlebis mxatvruli

teqstebis Sedareba folklorul wyaroebTan da parale-

lebis gavleba Tematuri da ideuri mizandasaxulebis

TvalsazrisiT. sainteresoa maTSi ra mxatvrul-gamomsax-

velobiTi saSualebebi aRmoaCines Tanamedrove proza-

ikosebma.

Zneli saTqmelia, rodidan unda daviwyoT postmoder-

nis istoria qarTul literaturaSi. bunebrivia, aq gag-

vaxsendes guram doCanaSvilis `vater(po)loo anu aRdge-

niTi samuSaoebi~, sadac finalur nawilSi afrederik me

gamoyenebuli literaturis siasac ki gvTavazobs (pros-

per merime, karmeni...) an misive `mxolod erTi kaci~, ro-

melic berZnuli miTologiuri siuJetis (skironis Ses-

axeb) parodirebis saSualebiT Zalze STambeWdav mxat-

vrul efeqts aRwevs.

postmoderni mxolod klasikuri teqstebis axlebu-

rad wakiTxva araa, igi Taviseburi kamaTicaa Zvel teq-

stebTan, parodirebis an iumoris saSualebiT iseTi axali

mxatvruli realobis Seqmnaa, romlis srulyofili aRqma

da gaazreba pirvelwyaros gareSe SeuZlebelia.

aka morCilaZis SemoqmedebaSi aSkarad gamoiyofa did-

taniani romani `santa esperansa~, romelic swored `ambav-

Ta mravalferxianobiT~ gamoirCeva. am romanSi gansakuT-

rebiT erTi Tavi _ `musikis dabadeba talRebis Sxuilis-

gan~, romelSic gamoyenebulia xmiT natirlebis mxatvru-

26

li teqnika. avtori xmiT natirlebis axlebur da metad

saintereso interpretacias gvTavazobs. modarde qalebi-

sa da `sadardoebis~istorias romanis mxatvrul struq-

turaSi Zalze mniSvnelovani funqcia akisria. yuradReba

imasac unda mieqces, rom avtors Sua saukuneebis saqarT-

velos Taviseburi imitireba surs _ ioanes kunZulebze

Zveli qarTuli sametyvelo leqsikac SemorCenila da e.w.

sadardo simRerebic.

amdenad, Tanamedrove avtori postmodernul teqst-

Si xmiT natirlebis Tavisebur da metad originalur ver-

sias gvTavazobs (mTeli Tavisi genezisiTa da ganviTare-

bis etapebiT) imisaTvis, rom Zveli saqarTvelos kolo-

riti Seqmnas. es ki, Tavis mxriv, rogorc Cans, imisTvis

aris saWiro, rom Tanamedrove uzneo da amoraluri yofis

absurduloba mTeli simkveTriT gamoikveTos. swored

aseT pirobebSi iwyeba samoqalaqo omi, romelic romanSi

yvelafers spobs da anadgurebs.

meToduri pluralizmi teqstis analizSi miTisa da zRapris diferencialuri niSnebis

gansazRvrisaTvis

elene gogiaSvili



folkloristikis meTodebidan yvela droSi aqtualu-

ri iyo fiqsacia (savele muSaoba, istoriuli wyaroT-

mcodneoba, audiovizualuri masalis Sekreba) da teqstis

analizi (sxvadasxva Teoriebi: miTologiuri, anTropo-

logiuri, geografiul-istoriuli, struqturalisturi

da a. S.). zepirsityvieri Janrebis (gansakuTrebiT zRap-

ris), literaturaTmcodneobiTi kvlevebis gverdiT gax-

Sirda sxva momijnave disciplinebis (eTnologia, soci-

ologia, fsiqologia, pedagogika da sxv.) meTodebis

gamoyenebac.

27

moxsenebaSi warmodgenilia folklorul teqstSi

zRaprisa da miTis diferenciaciis meTodi, SemuSavebuli

Cem mier sxvadasxva mecnierTa kvlevis Sedegebis safuZ-

velze. esenia:

1) e. meletinskis sqema zRaprisa da miTis ganmasxva-

vebeli optimaluri niSnebis Sesaxeb;

2) v. propisa da a. dandesis struqturalistur da

struqturul-tipologiuri meTodebi;

3) funqcionalisturi Teoria (b. malinovski, l. honko).

gansxvaveba miTosur da zRaprul monaTxrobs Soris

sxvadasxvagvari saxiT vlindeba: SinaarsiT, struqturu-

li agebulebiTa da socialuri funqciiT. Sesabamisad, ma-

Ti rogorc Janrebis gansazRvra sami niSnis mixedviT unda

moxdes: SinaarsobriviT, struqturuliTa da funqciona-

luriT.

1) teqstis Sinaarsobrivi sakiTxebis ganxilvisas opti-

maluria e. meletinskis mier dadgenili diferencialuri

niSnebi zRaparsa da miTs Soris:

miTi zRapari

1. ritualuroba

2. sakraluroba

3. sarwmunooba

(namdviloba)

4. eTnografiuli

konkretuloba

5. miTosuri gmiri

6. miTosuri

(winareistoriuli)

dro moqmedebisa

7. etiologizmis

arseboba

8. koleqtiuroba

1. araritualuroba

2. arasakraluroba

3. arasarwmunooba

(aradamajerebloba)

4. pirobiT-poeturoba

5. aramiTosuri gmiri

6. zRapruli (istoriis

gareT mdgari) dro

7. etiologizmis

ararseboba

8. individualoba

zRapris struqturaze agebul miTs, rogorc wesi, uk-

ve dakarguli aqvs Tavisi sakraluri funqcia.

2) teqstis struqturuli analizisTvis amosavalia v.

propis „zRapris morfologia“ da, Semdgom, masalis Sesa-

bamisad SeiZleba kvleva ganvrcobil iqnas alan dandesis

„Crdiloamerikis indielTa zRaprebis struqturuli ti-

pologiis“ mixedviT.

28

miTs, SesaZloa, hqondes jadosnuri zRapris struq-

tura, magaliTad, Tezevsis da andromedas miTs. aseT

SemTxvevaSi Janris gansazRvra Sinaarsis mixedviT moxde-

ba. Tezevsis ambis msgavsi xalxuri zRapari rom aviRoT,

SesaZloa yvela epizodiT daemTxves mas, magram zRapris

gmirs ar eqneba sakuTari saxeli. zRaparSi ar iqneba da-

konkretebuli adgilisa da personaJis saxelebi (ix. mele-

tinskis cxrili).

3) teqstis funqcionaluri roli ganisazRvreba imis

mixedviT, Tu ra funqcias asrulebs zRapari da miTi

konkretul sazogadoebaSi. zRapari mxatvruli gamonago-

nia, miTosi ki sinamdvile. xevsureTSi miTologiur gad-

mocemebs „ambavs“ uwodeben, zRapars ki „ambavas“ rogorc

kninobiT formas ambisa, namdvilad momxdari faqtisa.

Janris gansazRvrisTvis mniSvnelovania misi Sesrulebis

tradiciis gaTvaliswineba da eTnologiuri kvlevebis

gamoyeneba. Tanamedrove folkloristikaSi yofis empiri-

uli kvlevis Sedegad ramdenime mimarTuleba gaCnda:

mTxroblebisa (homo naran) da Txrobis konteqstis Seswav-

la, Sesrulebis tradiciis kvleva, folkloristikis ro-

gorc cnobierebis kvleva da sxv.

(gasarTobi,

saritualo,

didaqtikuri) tikuri)

(motivebi,

personaJebi

da sxv.)

dida

(jadosnuri

zRapris, mi-

Tologiuri

gadmocemis da

sxv.)

sakvlevi sferoebi teqstis analizSi

29

teqstis Sinaarsobrivi, struqturuli da funqciona-

luri aspeqtebis SeswavliT SesaZlebeli gaxdeba fol-

kloruli masalis siRrmiseuli analizi, e. w. Sereuli Jan-

rebis klasifikacia, Sida teqsturi sakiTxebis dadgena da

maTi rolis gansazRvra zogadad kulturis istoriis

konteqstSi.

semantikuri gansazRvrulobis Taviseburebani igav-arakul JanrSi

(qarTuli da arabuli igav-arakebis korpusis magaliTze)

xaTuna TumaniSvili



cnobilia, rom morali, romelsac esa Tu is igav-araki

Seicavs, sentenciaa, romelic ganmartavs masSi arsebul

sasargeblo azrs. misi dedaazri iZleva garkveul in-

struqcias (mocemul Temaze) samyaroSi adamianTa marTe-

buli qmedebis Sesaxeb. a. potebnia ambobs: igavi warmoad-

gens mudmiv Semasmenels cvalebad qvemdebaresTan... am

Sekrul xatovan nimuSebs SeuZliaT pirveli moTxovnis-

Tanave iqcnen cxovrebiseuli awewili movlenebis zogad

sqemad da emsaxuron maT axsnas. sxvagvari funqciiT igavis

ganxilva warmoudgenelia.

tradiciuli gagebiT igav-araki aRwers konkretul

epizods, xolo morali, romlis matarebelic is aris, Cve-

ulebisamebr, aRiarebuli WeSmaritebaa, romlis ilus-

trirebac am epizodiT xdeba. is praqtikulad Sedgeba ori

nawilisgan: qaragmulad naTqvami msjelobisagan _ zoga-

di daskvnisagan da darigebisagan _ axsna-ganmartebisa-

gan. SemTxveviTi ar aris, rom v. alaxverdovi, romelic

mxatvruli nawarmoebis aRqmis procesis Tanmxleb emoci-

ur aspeqtebs ikvlevs, amgvar Janrebs `ormagi fskeris

mqone teqstad~ («�� ») moixseniebs. cxov-

rebiseuli realobis amsaxvel faqtebsa da movlenebze

30

dayrdnobiT is `afasebs ra situacias pragmatulad, iRebs

gadawyvetilebas~ da daskvnis saxiT gvTavazobs rCevas

yofiTsa Tu zneobis sakiTxebze.

niSandoblivia, rom germanuli samecniero literatu-

ra igavSi ganarCevs `morals~ (Moral) da `cxovrebiseul

sibrZnes~ (Lebensklug). rogorc Cans, `Lebensklug~ unda gava-

igivoT zogad daskvnasTan — ganzogadebul sibrZnesTan,

xolo ` Moral~ — SefasebasTan, romelic gulisxmobs vinmes

an raimes gansjas, TanagrZnobas, darigebas da a. S. Sefase-

ba ki, Cveulebisamebr, eyrdnoba ganzogadebul sibrZnes,

ramdenadac xazgasmiT unda iyos aRniSnuli, naTqvami, Tu

romeli saqcielia gansasjeli an, Sesabamisad, Sesaqebi.

jer kidev antikuri xanis ritorebi SesaZleblad

Tvlidnen, rom erTsa da imave igavs SeiZleba hqondes ram-

denime morali, Tu ki mas ganvixilavT sxvadsxva motiviT.

(am SemTxvevaSi, vfiqrobT, marTebuli iqneba paralelis

gavleba andaza-omonimebTan.)

sakvlev masalaze dakvirvebam aCvena, rom Tu mocemu-

li Janris nawarmoebebs Sinaarsobrivad da, Sesabamisad,

azrobrivad (prioritetuli moralis _ ganzogadebuli

sibrZnis gaTvaliswinebiT) ufro Rrma WrilSi gaviaz-

rebT, wminda omonimiis garda, garkveul garemoebaTa mi-

zeziT (heterosituaciuroba da a.S.), TiToeuls SesaZloa

araerTi siRrmiseuli azrobrivi qveganStoeba aRmoaC-

ndes. es, bunebrivia, mis funqciur datvirTaSic poulobs

asaxvas. amdenad, aqtualizebisas TiToeulis marTebuli

gageba moiTxovs siRrmiseuli semantikuri Seferilobisa

da stilisturi maxasiaTeblebis zust gaazrebas.

kvlevisas postulatad aRebul iqna m. neigoris ter-

mini: `Tavisufali qmedeba~ (action de choix). am terminis Sida

struqtura aseTia: morali iZleva Sefasebas, xolo Sefa-

seba SeiZleba mxolod saqcielisa, romelic Tavisufali

arCevanis pirobebSi xdeba.

magaliTebis analizis safuZvelze (Cvens mier ganxi-

lul korpusSi) gairkva, rom mocemuli igav-arakidan de-

daazris (moralis) `amoRebisas~ aucilebelia ganxilva

moxdes im konkretuli `situaciuri niSis~ gaTvaliswine-

biT, romelTan mimarTebiTac xdeba misi gaazreba an re-

alizeba. es situacia, rogorc wesi, konteqstualurad

31

mocemuli igavis denotatiuri mniSvnelobis pirdapir

analogs (paralels) warmoadgens.

amdenad, mocemul JanrSi arsebuli omonimebi da hete-

rosituaciuri erTeulebi qmnian ra sakuTriv damatebiT

azrobriv ganStoebebs paremiul semantikaSi, erTi mxriv,

amdidreben da, meore mxriv, kidev ufro arTuleben uda-

od rTuli mravalSriani paremiuli sivrcis azrobriv la-

birinTebs da, bunebrivia, maT Seswavlas. am yovelives sa-

fuZvlad udevs saukuneebis manZilze Camoyalibebuli eT-

nofsiqikis, konkretul adamianTa fsiqotipebis, maTi so-

cialuri da sulieri moRvaweobis aspeqtebi. kvlevis es

sfero ki, savsebiT obieqturad, yvelaze rTulad

iTvleba.

solomon brZenis metaforuli sibrZnismetyveleba xalxur prozaSi

irma yvelaSvili



metaforas, solomon brZenze Seqmnil nawarmoebebSi,

mxatvruli sazomis garda, jadosnuri sagnis funqcia

akisria, romlis mopovebis SemTxvevaSic aRwevs mTavari

gmiri gamarjvebas. tropuli metyvelebis es forma

gvxvdeba yvela saxiT: martivi, rTuli, gavrcobili (meta-

fora- gamocana, metafora-qmedeba).

solomon brZenis sibrZnismetyveleba mudam metafo-

rulia; igi jamagiris sanacvlod sibrZnes martivi meta-

forebiT gadascems (`solomon brZenis rCeva~, `Raribi ka-

cis zRapari~, `solomon brZeni da mojamagire~...), maTi ax-

sna xdeba TandaTanobiT. im SemTxvevebSi, rodesac gmiri

solomonis sibrZnes ar iTvaliswinebs marcxdeba. is gamo-

savlisaTvis kvlav solomonTan midis, romelic ukve

rTul metaforas mimarTavs. gmiris gadarCena imazea da-

32

mokidebuli, Tu rogor moaxerxebs igi metaforiT gadmo-

cemuli azris realizebas.

zogierT nawarmoebSi moqmedebaa metaforuli; solo-

mon brZeni metaforebiT ki ar saubrobs, aramed qmedebas

mimarTavs (`solomon brZeni~, `solomon brZeni da Tavisi

Svili~...). aseT SemTxvevaSi msmenels sWirdeba ara meta-

foris amoxsna, aramed pirobebis da moTxovnebis Ses-

ruleba, ris Semdegac pasuxs iRebs kiTxvaze da warmate-

bas aRwevs.

ironiuli gamonaTqvamebiTa da iribi sametyvelo aq-

tebiT gadmocemuli metaforebis gamocnoba, romelTa av-

tori an Rrmad moxucebulia, an patara biWi, uwevs TviTon

solomon brZensac (`solomon brZeni da Raribi kaci~,

`solomon brZeni da berikaci~, `brZeni moxuci da xelmwi-

fis Svili~). am nawarmoebTa masalis centraluri Temaa

rTuli metafora, romelic Tu ar aixsna eWvqveS dgeba

solomonis sibrZne. metaforis ZiriTadi arsis gageba Ta-

vad mTqmelis saSualebiT xorcieldeba, magram amisTvis

aucilebelia msxverplis gaReba, romelic solomonis

xelqveiTebis qonebiT Semoifargleba. personaJTa urTi-

erTobis es forma gvagonebs TamaSis erT-erT uZveles da

sakralur saxes, gamocana Sejibrs, romlis drosac gamo-

canis amoxsna aseve aucilebeli iyo, rogorc samsxverplo

zvarakis dakvla. adamianis sicocxle damokidebuli iyo

gamocanis gamocnobaze.

`berwi iyos, gadeddeba!~

eTer inwkirveli



moxsenebaSi saubaria ebraeli eris mamamTavris — abra-

amis meuRlis — saras qarTuli xalxuri saxis Sesaxeb.

iseve rogorc bibliaSi, qarTul folklorSic sara

unayofobiT — siberwiT aris aRniSnuli. Tumca, bibliaSi

gamokveTili araCveulebrivi silamaze (romelsac ime-

33

orebs ebrauli folkloric), qarTul folklorSi Sec-

vlilia saras `siWkvianiTa~ da `simarTliT~ da upirispir-

deba abrams, romelic, rogorc cnobilia, qarTul `abra-

mis leqsSi~ Tavdapirvelad siZunwiTa da arastumarTmoy-

vareobiT aris aRbeWdili. abramis siZunwe saras siberwis

paraleluri metaforaa, romlebic unda daiZlios nayo-

fierebis aRbeWdviT.

Zunwi da arastumarTmoyvare abrami uflis mier para-

doqsuli sasjeliT — ustumrobiT isjeba, magram ustum-

roba uTuod moaswavebs stumris mosvlas. da Tu bibliaSi

abraami TviTon egebeba mamres muxasTan SuadRis papana-

qebaSi mosul sam stumars, qarTul folklorSi sara aris

avadmyofi abramisTvis uflis stumrobis mauwyebeli. is

pirveli xedavs ufals.

iseve rogorc bibliaSi, uflis stumrobisas sara ki ar

diasaxlisobs, abrami amzadebs saRvTo sufras. sara pasi-

uria — is karavTan dgas da icinis.

saras sicili metaforulia da aRdgomis metaforas

iRebs (Sdr. demetra). misi nayofierebis winasaxe xalxur

leqsSi mocemulia uflis mier berwi cxvris gadedebis

motiviT.

xalxur leqsSi isakis msxverplSewirvis sakiTxs metad

amZafrebs is faqti, rom bibliisa da ebrauli folklo-

risgan gansxvavebiT, saras qarTulma saxem winaswar icis,

rom msxverplad unda Seiwiros isaki.

rogorc cnobilia, bibliaSi abraami gamorCeul xbos

uklavs stumrebs. qarTul xalxur leqsSi gamokveTilia

xbos dakvliT abRavlebuli deda-Zroxa, romelsac ufali

daklul Svils gaucocxlebs.

xbos gacocxlebis motivi ucxoa rogorc bibliisTvis,

ise ebrauli folklorisTvis. qarTuli xalxuri teqsti

imeorebs Zvel berZnul apokriful wignSi _ Testamentum Abrahamis _ saras mier gadmocemul ambavs dakluli xbos

gacocxlebis Sesaxeb.

es xbo isakis winaresaxea, iseve, rogorc isaki ieso

qristes winaresaxed moiazreba egzegetikur literatu-

raSi. Sesabamisad, mxolod qarTul xalxur leqsSi moce-

muli Zroxa, romelsac xbo daukles da gaucocxles, saras

winare saxea.

34

xalxuri legendebi zepir istoriebSi

marine turaSvili



zepir istoriebSi, adamianebis cxorebiseuli gamoc-

dilebebis monayolSi, mniSvnelovani adgili uWiravs

folklorul Janrebs: legendebs, gadmocemebs, andazebs,

aforizmebs, anekdotebs, Selocvebs da a. S. rac Tanamed-

rove xalxSi folkloris popularobasa da misadmi did

interesze metyvelebs.

qarTuli xalxuri legendebi Seexeba: qveynis gaCenas,

adamianis warmoSobas, qristes dabadebas, wmindanTa Tav-

gadasavals da sxva. TioToeuli maTgani uxvad Seicavs di-

daqtikur-moralur momentebs. misi mizani msmenelis ama

Tu im saswaulSi darwmunebaa.

qristeSobasTan dakavSirebiT sof. SildaSi arsebobs

aseTi xalxuri legenda: `mzes amoÁdevda qali, xelebgaS-

lili da xelebawvdili zecad. dablidan mTeli samRvde-

loeba gamoÁdoda. zustad ocdaxuT dekembersa da ram-

densa qristesa, qriste iSva beTlemsao. amis Semdeg em oc-

daxuT dekembers amodioda qali, romelsac mTeli msof-

lio Tayvansa cemda, Cveni xalxi, moxuci, Rirseuli adami-

anebi xelebgaSlili, fexiSvela fexiT dauZaxebdnen: _

`dideba da RmerTsa didebooo!~ da aeseT imas, simReras da

simReriT daiwyebdnen~ (fa1k1em002vf002t.k.48:14wT.). mTqme-

lis gadmocemiT es suraTi mas Semdeg daikarga, rac ga-

nadgurda Zveli wyoba da axali _ komunisturi wyoba wa-

movida, roca qveyana darCaT `eSmak-macduris~ mimdevarT

da `Tval-xarb gaumaZRarT~.

sof. SildaSi gavrcelebulia legendebi wm. abibos

nekreselze (aRsaniSnavia is faqti, rom dRemde ar arse-

bobs arc erTi saarqivo Canaweri am wmindanze). erT-erT

maTganSi gadmocemulia sparselebis Tavdasxma nekresze,

xolo meore, gansxvavebuli variantiT nekresis qalaqs

sparselebis nacvlad lekebi Semoesivnen. legendaSi

wminda abibos nekresels mTqmeli moixseniebs rogorc

nekresevels (fa1k1em002vf002).

35

wm. abibos nekreselis saxels ukavSirdeba agreTve

xalxuri legenda, romelic mis biografiul ambavzea age-

buli (fa1k1em007vf007). igi misi cxovrebis garkveuli

monakveTis amsaxveli xalxuri variantia da masSi gadmo-

cemulia Tu rogor movida saqarTveloSi cameti asure-

li mama meeqvse saukuneSi ioane zedaznelis xelmZRvane-

lobiT da dabinavda saqarTvelos sxvadasxva kuTxeSi.

ganxiluli legendebidan naTelia, rom dResac, Tana-

medrove xalxis yofaSic, Semonaxulia folkloris iseTi

mniSvnelovani da Zveli Janri, rogoric legendaa. man Ta-

namedrove yofiTi elementebi SeiZina, rac am Janris dRe-

vandel aqtualurobaze mianiSnebs.

erTi xmiT natiralis poeturi samyaro

mariam bakuriZe



TuS dedas didoebi(lekebi) mouklaven cxvarSi myof

erTaderT Svils.didoebs mdevari daedevneba TuSeTidan

da mkvelelebs daxocaven. niSnad gamarjvebisa TuSebi

didoebs marjvenebs daaWrian da saxlis qavze miukraven

Svilmkvdar dedas.Svilis dakrZalvis dRes dedam CamoiRo

mkvlelebis marjvenebi da ase daitira:

„rad aram fex mogtyda Tav gzis gaRebisadav,

radam wamoxvediTav Cem daRupvisadav,

obladaw gavzardev,gulis imedadav,

Tqvenacaw diiRupeniTav Cem daRupvisadav,

Tqven dedaicawav banidazed zisav,

mTaTaw gaxedavsav Tqven momlodineiv...

memre ro didoiav,isicaw dedaiav...

imasacaw aqvav guliv sagulesav...

sul caT gaxedvaiv, yvav—yoranT xedvaiv

iqneb Cem Svilniv, Tqven SeSWameTav...

imanaw ufrev Svileb veRar naxav,

Svilebs monatruliv, Zvlebsaw igulebsav“.

36

micvalebulis datireba Cveulebrivi ambavia, magram

gasaocari da amaRelvebelia is didi humanizmi,romliTac

deda imsWvaleba: `memre ro didoav, isicaw dedaiav, ima-

sacaw aqvav, guliv sagulesav“. es natirali gvagonebs

`vefxvisa da moymis baladaSi“Svilmkvdari dedis

gancdebs:

„xan ifiqrebda, udedod, gazda vina Tqva Svilisa,

iqneba vefxvis dedai Cemze mwareda stirisa,

wavide, mec iq mivide, samZimar uTxra Wirisa,

isic miambobs ambebsa, mec uTxra Cemi Svilisa“.

msgavsi Tvalsazrisi gamoxatulia vaJa—fSavelas po-

emaSi `aluda qeTelauri“. vaJa—fSavella kargad icnobda

xalxur Semoqmedebas da icoda,vaJkaci rom mklavis ZaliT

fasdeboda, magram vaJasTvis mTavari adamianis sulier

samyaroSi wvdoma da adamianuri arsis garkveva iyo. aluda

xom mucalis sikvdilma daafoqra da aTqmevina:

„Cven vityviT,kacni Cvena varT,

marto Cven gvzdian dedani,

Cvena vcxondebiT,urjuloT,

kuprSi moelis qSenani“.

mucalis saxiT Rirseuli vaJkaci mokvda, amitom alu-

dasaTvis mniSvneloba ara aqvs, sjuliania igi Tu usjulo,

qisti Tu xevsuri.

mterSic adamianis danaxva da misi sibraluli Cans lu-

xumis saqcielSic. zezva mas lekebze Tavdasxmis ambavs

axsenebs da eubneba:

„Sen Sagebrala urjulo,

mogiwylianda Tvalebi,

uTuod, saiT enaxve,

mogafurTxebdnen qalebi,

me ar mebralvis,luxumo,

mounaTlavi arodis“.

vaJas gmirebi irwmunebian, rom xocva—Jleta kacis

xorcis Wamaze saSinelia. isini scildebian Cveulebrivi

37

yofis sferos da zogad-adamianuri Segnebis simaRleze

arian.

xmiT motirali TuSi dedac, vefxvis dedasTan samZim-

ris saTqmelad wasasvleli moymis dedisa da vaJas poeme-

bis personaJTa darad,udidesi mwuxarebis Jams acnobi-

erebs ara mxolod sakuTar, aramed saerTo adamianur tki-

vils da Cveulebriv tragediaze maRla dgeba.

xmiT natirlebis poetikidan

nino sozaSvili

iakob gogebaSvilis saxelobis

Telavis saxelmwifo universiteti

zepirsityviereba cxovrebis sarkea, romelic yvela-

fers aireklavs mxolod ise, rogorc igi sinamdvileSia.

istoriulma poetikam icis, rom TiToeul saxismetyvele-

biT elements Tavisi istoria aqvs. gardacvlilis dat-

ireba erTi uZvelesTagani Janria. Tu aqedan gavzomavT

xalxuri leqsis saxismetyvelebiT samyaros, davinaxavT,

rom axal saxeebTan erTad, bevria ZvelTuZvelesic, ro-

melic dResac im Soreuli wesrigiT emsaxureba gardacv-

lilis datirebis xalxur wes-Ceveulebas.

xmiT natiralSi simbolos araCveulebrivi srulqmni-

lebaa warmoCenili. zogjer Cvens gaocebas iwvevs aq gamo-

yenebuli aspeqtebis masStaburoba.

sikvdilis simboloTa Soris gansakuTrebiT saxeobri-

via masala, romelic sizmris formiT aris warmosaxuli.

aq kiTxva-passuxis xerxis gamoyenebiT miRweulia simbo-

loTa Cveneba-axsnis ganumeorebeli suraTi.

simbolikis TvalsazrisiT, mzis gaCereba uTuod uZve-

lesia. mzis gaCereba, erTi sayuradRebo motivTagania

Cvens xalxur eposSic. mzis gaCereba sicocxlis gaxan-

grZlivebis tolfasi poeturi xatia. mzis Casvla ki _

sicocxlis dasasrulia. mzis SeCerebis simbolikuri sam-

38

yaro imdenad mxatvrulad daxvewili poeturi xerxia, rom

Tanamedrove mxatvrul literaturaSic gamobrwyindeba

xolme.

kosmiur sxva mraval movlenebs Soris samgloviaro

leqsSi, xmiTnatirlebSi poetur samkaulad xSirad aris

gamoyenebuli cidan varskvlavis Camovardna. tradiciisa

da rwmenis mixedviT, TiToeul Cvengans Tavisi varskvlavi

gvinTia caze. misi Camovardna, misive patronis sikvdilis

mauwyeblobas niSnavs.

xmiTnatirlebSi yvelaze ukeT igrZnoba, rom adamiani

bunebis Svilia. albaT, amitom aris, rom misi sikvdili bu-

nebaSi saganTa da movlenaTa arsebul harmonias arRvevs.

es darRvevaa samyaros rom aforiaqebs.

rogorc dakvirveba cxadyofs, xalxuri xmiT natir-

lebi xatovani azrovnebis Zveli saganZuria, romelic ne-

bismieri axali epoqis poetur majiscemas grZnobs da

TviTonac sakuTari ZalisxmeviT mis samsaxurSi dgeba.

kacobriobam sikvdilis wamali jer ar icis, garda erTisa

_ tirili.

amiranis mSoblebi (mamis vinaoba)

oTar oniani



amiranis mamis vinaoba idumalebiTaa moculi. am mimar-

TulebiT Catarebuli kvleva-Zieba tendenciuria, isini

winaswar SemuSavebul Tvalsazriss ufro emyareba, vidre

zusti teqstobrivi dakvirvebebis Sedegad miRebul dask-

vnebs. amirani rom qalRmerTi dalis Svilia, araa sakama-

To. dasadgenia mxolod mamis vinaoba. mkvlevarTa abso-

luturi umravlesoba aRiarebs, rom amiranis mama monadi-

rea, mokvdavi, adamianTa sacxovrisidan. es azri imdenad

mtkice da gamZle aRmoCnda, rom misi Semowmebac ki aravis

39

ucdia. arc esaa SemTxveviTi, vinaidan, Tu dadasturda,

rom amiranis mama monadirea, maSin eposic monadireTa

wreSi unda iyos Seqmnili. es ki gzas gvikafavs yvelaze

adrindeli safexurisken, matriarqatisken. amiranis

mkvlevarebsac Zeglis Seqmnis saTaved es sazogadoeba

miaCniaT. Cveni pozicia am sakiTxSi mkveTrad gansxvavebu-

lia. araa swori mkvlevaTa Tvalsazrisebi, TiTqos vari-

antTa didi umravlesoba adasturebdes, rom amiranis mama

monadirea. piriqiT ki aris, variantTa absoluturi um-

ravlesoba arafers gveubneba amiranis warmomavlobaze,

xolo is mcire nawili Canawerebisa, romelic gamoqvey-

nebulia m.Ciqovanis naSromSi `mijaWvuli amirani~, 1947 w.

sul 69 teqsti, erTimeoris sawinaaRmdego cnobebs gvaw-

vdian, maTi raodenoba ToTxmetamdea, aqedan mxolod

oTxi variantia SedarebiT sando... mkvlevarTa SromebSi

araa gaTvaliswinebuli arqivebSi daculi svanuri Canawe-

rebi, arc svanur prozaul teqstebSi dabeWdili varian-

tebi. tradiciuli kvlevis umTavresi naklic es aris,

vinaidan centraluri gmiris Camomavloba yvelaze sru-

lad svanur teqstebSia Semonaxuli. amitom, pirvel rigSi

aq moZiebuli Canawerebia safuZvlianad Sesaswavli.

m.Ciqovanis mier gamoqveynebuli svanuri variantebi araa

zustad Targmnili, adgili aqvs epizodebis gadasxvaf-

erebas, kerZod, mSobiare dalis gamoqvabulSi asuli mo-

nadire intimur urTierTobas amyarebs nadirT patron-

Tan. dedanSi msgavsi ram araferia, piriqiT, monadire da-

lis Svilis gadamrCenelia da ara mama. svanuri variante-

bis absoluturi umetesobiT mSobiare dalis gamoqvabul-

Si mWedeli (igi amiranis axali personaJia) adis da ara mo-

nadire, isic dalis Svilis gadamrCenia. xom ar SeiZleba

daisvas sakiTxi, rom àmiraniani~ mWedlebis wreSi war-

moiSva? igi samecniero literaturaSi ìaraRis epoqis

Zeglad aris miCneuli~ (nucubiZe) e.i. amiranis Camomavlo-

bis garkveva kidev ufro rTuldeba. problemis gasark-

vevad, albaT, ufro meti obieqturobaa aucilebeli. teq-

stebidan ar unda gamovtovoT umTavresi mniSvnelobis

epizodebi da motivebi. maT meti sicxade da garkveuloba

SeaqvT problemis SeswavlaSi. ase, magaliTad, erT-erTi

variantiT, àmiranis legenda~, Sinidan gasuli amirani

tyveobaSi aRmoCndeba devis gamoqvabulSi. aq mas `moesma

40

Zaxili: amirana, amirana!~ gairkva, rom gamoqvabulSi dab-

muli goliaTi kaci amiranis mamaa, ufrosi amirani, sva-

nurad `xoSa amiran~. man uTxra umcros amirans, rom igi

misi mamaa, dali misgan iyo fexmZimed da amiranic imitom

daarqves mas. sainteresoa, rom ufrosi amiranis moRvewe-

obas bolo periodidan vecnobiT. saubridan irkveva, rom

igi boroti Zalebis winaarmdeg mebrZoli gmiria, zogad-

kacobriuli: `me dedamiwa Semoviare da yvelgan movspe bo-

roti arsebebio, marto es grZneuli rokapi devis qali

damrCa mosaklavad.~ teqstidan aSkaraa, rom ufrosi ami-

rani uCveulo movlenaa, arsebis rangSi amaRlebuli, na-

Telmxilveli winaswarmetyveluri unariT dajildove-

buli, man zedmiwevniT kargad icis, Tu rogor daamarcxos

grZneuli devis qali, isic, rom misi mxsneli mxolod misi

Svili, umcrosi amirani iqneba. ufrosi amirani Seudare-

blad Zlieria Svilze, igi ukvdavia, masze aranairi samya-

rouli iaraRi ar moqmedebs, erTaderTia misi xmali, rom-

liTac neka TiTic rom gaekawros, mokvdeba. pirispir

brZolaSi misi damZlevi aravinaa. erT-erT variantSi _

àmirani~ dali ambobs: àmirani, e.i. misi qmari, iseTi iyo,

rom misi mZlevi aravin egona qveynierebaze. ufrosi ami-

rani qalRmerTi dalis Tanamecxedrea, misive sauflos

binadari. sxva variantebiTac dgindeba, rom es sauflos sru-

liad axali, specifikuri samyaroa zogadad miTologiaSi.

amiranianis erT-erT variantSi pirdapiraa miTiTe-

buli, rom boroti Zalebis winaaRmdeg mebrZoli amirani

erT dRes Zval-xorcianad daikarga, magram mas kldeSi

qali darCa fexmZimed, es qali dalia, amirani ki misi qmari.

am variantSi devisgan datyvevebuli amirani Sexvdeba

ufros amirans, romelic ukvdavia (oniani 2009, 460) erTi

variantiT dalis kiviliT qveyanaa Sewuxebuli. masTan

asul mWedels qalRmerTi eubneba: me myavda qmari, romel-

sac amirani erqva, sanadirod wavida da aRar dabrune-

bula. aqac, mama amiranis damZlevi aravinaa. am tipis vari-

antebi sakmarisad bevria da magaliTebis gazrda kide Se-

iZleba. amdenad migvaCnia, rom ufros amirans unda mieCi-

nos kuTvnili adgili àmiranianis~ personaJTa Soris.

41

urTierTdapirispirebuli miTosuri ori samyaro

rusudan ColoyaSvili



miTosuri, zRapruli samyaro sami sknelisa da oTxi

mxarisagan Sedgeba, amdenad aq es ricxvebi dominantobs da

maTTan erTad: 7 (3+4), 9 (3X3), 12 (3X4). am tipis nawarmo-

ebebSi TiTqmis arsad Cans ricxvi ori, romelic aqa-iq Tu

gaielvebs, arada maTSi, gmirTa raodenobis miuxedavad,

dapirispireba swored or Zalas Soris xdeba. es Zalebi

swored ori urTierTdapirispirebuli _ am da `im~ qvey-

nebis warmomadgenlebi arian. am ori qveynidan erTi gax-

lavT is, romelSic axla varT da meore, romelSic samo-

mavlod viqnebiT _ cocxalTa da micvalebulTa samyaro.

es ori qveyana gaxlavT mTeli samyaros ori naxevari, ro-

melnic aseve urTierTdapirispirebulni arian.

swored amgvari azrovnebis Sedegia jadosnuri zRap-

ris dasasruls xelmwife Tavis daqorwinebul vaJs Tu

siZes Tavisi saxelmwifos naxevars rom uboZebs da ara

mTels. e.i. memkvidres uTmobs mxolod am qveyanas _ coc-

xalTa samkvidros, Tavis yofil samflobelos, TviTon ki

meore naxevarSi gadadis, is TavisTvis unda _ warmaval-

TaTvis. es is meore naxevaria, sadac yvelaferi gadabru-

nebulad aris warmodgenili am qveyanasTan SedarebiT, sa-

dac cocxali mkvdari xdeba da a.S orivegan erTnairi vi-

Tareba ver iqneba, maTSi mudam urTierTdapirispirebuli

mdgomareobaa _ aq Tu lxinia, iq Wiria da a.S. amitomvea

zRapris dasasruls naTqvami:

Wiri _ iqa, lxini _ aqa,

qato _ iqa, fqvili _ aqa.

e.i. aq Tu ginda lxini iyos, iq unda iyos Wiri, sxvagvarad

araferi gamova, es is aucileblobaa, rac aqaur sikeTes

ganapirobebs. amave miTosuri gaazrebiT aris nasazrdo-

vebi qarTuli dalocvis teqstebic, magaliTad:

42

`ixare Wero, mokvdi mtero~

an roca nefe-dedoflis dalocvis Semdeg naTqvamia:

`ojaxoba dauqcie Cveni nefis mtersa,

imaTi cxvari da Zroxa daaWame mgelsa~.

zneobrivi mrwamsi da RvTisSvilis portreti

nino balanCivaZe



xalxuri rwmena, ideologia aucileblad isaxeba xal-

xis folklorSi da, ra Tqma unda, Cveni 2000 wlovani qris-

tianuli sulierebac garkveulwilad kvals tovebs ze-

pirsityvierebaze.

rogorc Zveli xalxebis kulturaTa da religiuri

koncefciebis Seswavla cxadyofs, odiTganve arsebobda

religiis Sinagani (ezoteruli) da garegani (egzoteruli)

mxare. Cvens epoqaSi gaRrmavda religiisa da Semecnebis

urTierTdamokidebulebis Seswavla, ramac cxadyo, rom

religiis adrindeli formebi warmoadgendnen xalxis ma-

sebisaTvis gamartivebul, xatovnad, igavurad mocemul

Rrmaazrovan WeSmaritebebs adamianisa da samyaros

evoluciis Sesaxeb.

religiebi eZleoda kacobriobas Semecnebis maRal sa-

fexurze mdgari adamianebis mier, romelTac gaaCniaT

uaRresad Rrma codna samyarosa da adamianebis Sesaxeb.

amgvar codnas naziarebi adamianebi erTiandebodnen e.w.

misteriebSi, romelTa praqtikac ucnobi iyo xalxisaTvis

da Seuvali. idumali mecnierebis anu okultizmis (occul-tus-dafaruli) amgvari kerebi arsebobdnen Zveli msofli-

os sxvadasxva qveyanaSi, maT Soris saqarTveloSic (kol-

xuri misteriebi).

43

misteriebSi odiTganve gadmocemuli codnis aTvise-

bis garda xdeboda axali codnis miRebac. aq eZleoda

mowafes iniciaciis, sulis uzenaesi naTlisRebis gza, ro-

melic sxvadasxvagvari iyo sxvadasxva mistiur skolaSi.

magram erTi ram mainc saerTo iyo yvela maTganSi: es iyo

xangrZlivi moralur-eTiuri Semzadeba da winaswari ga-

mocdebis gavla.

umaRlesi WeSmaritebis Semecneba dakavSirebulia ma-

Rali eTiuri idealis gamarjvebasTan. amitom amgvari gmi-

rebi mudam xalxisaTvis Tavdadebuli adamianebi arian,

romelnic xSirad msxverplad ewirebian xalxis keTil-

dReobas (miTologiuri gmirebis erTgvari gamoZaxilia

xalxuri zRaprebis gmirebi, romelnic daaxloebiT imave

Tvisebebs atareben). aseTi gmirebi arian irlandiur sa-

gebSi kuxulaindi, maildiuni, kormaki da sxvani.

iniciaciis ideis ganxorcieleba yvelaze mkafiod mo-

sCans iseT adgilebSi, sadac gmirebi sicocxleSive aRwe-

ven suleTs, `marad cocxalTa sauflos~, `netarTa sauf-

los~, romelic jadosnur kunZulze mdebareobs.

jadosnur kunZulze mdebare `marad cocxalTa sauf-

los~ Secnoba ki maSinaa SesaZlebeli, roca adamianis cxov-

rebis sazrisisaTvis maRali eTiuri ideali Seucvlelia.

zneobrivi problema arsebiTad keTilisa da borotis

dapirispirebaSi gamoixateba, Tumca zneobrivia ara mar-

to sikeTe, aramed samarTlianoba, wesiereba, daCagrulTa

dacva, davrdomilTa Sewevna, moyvasisaTvis Tavgawirva,

qveynisaTvis sicocxlis gaReba da a. S. analogiurad uz-

neoba ara marto borotebaa, aramed Suri, siZulvili, si-

Zunwe, usamarTloba, TvalTmaqcoba, silaCre da a. S.

qarTul miTosSi es eTikuri problemebi wina planzea

wamoweuli. iq arian ara marto keTili RvTisSvilebi, rom-

lebic exmarebian adamianebs rogorc mSvidobianobis Jams,

ise omisa da gaWirvebis dros, aramed kulturuli gmi-

rebi (adamianebi), iseve rogorc boroti personaJebi (de-

vebi, qajebi, avi sulebi), romlebic ebrZvian adamianebs.

zneobrivi problemebis asaxva qarTul miTosSi miT

ufro sainteresoa, rom ar arsebobs sworxazobrivi zneo-

brivi progresi, rac imas niSnavs, rom sazogadoebis win-

svlisa da ganviTarebis paralelurad zneobac rodi vi-

Tardeba. ase rom iyos, Tanamedrove adamiani ufro zneo-

44

brivi unda iyos, vidre V saukunis adamiani, an X-XII sauku-

nis adamianebi, magram es ase ar aris. amis dasturia Tun-

dac is, rom dRes bevrs laparakoben adamianis zneobriv

krizisze, mis zneobriv degradaciaze da laparakoben ara

marto CvenSi, aramed mTel msoflioSi,ris gamoc zneo-

brivi problema globalur problemad iqca. imis gamo rom

ar arsebobs zneobis sworxazobrivi progresi, qarTul

miTosSi asaxuli zneobrivi normebi, wes-Cveulebebi da

tradiciebi TanamedroveobaSi did interess iwvevs.

marTalia, yvela xalxi umetesad erTsa da imave Sina-

arss debs rogorc `zneobrivis~, ise `uzneos~ cnebaSi, ma-

gram zogjer urTierTgansxvavebuli zneobrivi kriteri-

umebi gaaCniaT. is, rac erTisTvis misaRebia, meoresaTvis

miurebelia (mag.: mravalcolianoba an deidaSvil-biZaSvi-

lis daqorwineba). swored amis gamo sxvadasxva xalxs zog-

jer gansxvavebuli zneobrivi Rirebulebebi gaaCnia, ami-

tom qarTul miTosSi yvelaze kargad aisaxeba qarTveli

xalxis iseTi zneobrivi Tvisebebi, rogoricaa, stumarmas-

pinZloba, moyvasisaTvis Tavgawirva, kaiymoba, humanizmi,

gmiroba, davrdomilTa Sewevna, daCagrulaTa dacva, sam-

Soblos siyvaruli, erTguleba da a. S.

fridrix nicSe werda: `adamiani aris xidi da ara miza-

ni... adamiani aris raRac,rac unda gadailaxos~. e.i. ada-

mianad yofna gulisxmobs zrdas, cvalebadobas, ganviTa-

rebas. es ki SeuZlebelia naTeli cnobierebisa da msofl-

mxedvelobis gareSe. msoflmxedveloba aris adamianis

TviTcnobierebisa da TviTrefleqsiis forma. Sexedule-

baTa da RirebulebaTa sistema, romlis mizania adamianis

cxovrebis sazrisis garkveva.

msoflmxedveloba or ZiriTad elements Seicavs: cod-

nas (samyaros suraTs) da ideals. Tumca misTvis mTavari

codnis mocema ar aris, codna saSualebaa idealis gan-

sazRvrisaTvis.

netaria kaci, romelic ar misdevs uRmrToTa rCevas

da codvilTa gzas ar adgas (fsalmuni I ). amis Secnoba ma-

Sinaa SesaZlebeli, roca yoveli adamiani gaaTvicnobi-

erebs, rom `yovelive nebadarTulia CemTvis, magram yve-

laferi sasargeblo rodia; yovelive nebadarTulia Cem-

Tvis, magram me arafers davemonebi~, _ ambobs pavle mo-

ciquli korinTelTa mimarT epistoleSi (I kor. 6, 12).

45

adamiani ara marto Semmecnebeli an zneobrivi subieq-

tia, aramed esTetikuric, amitom qarTul miTosSi kargad

aisaxeba qarTveli kacis siyvaruli bunebisadmi, misi

ltolva mSvenierebisa da silamazisadmi, rac, pirvel rig-

Si, sinamdvilesTan esTetikur damokidebulebaSi gamoix-

ateba. es damokidebuleba arsebiTad emociuri damokide-

bulebaa, anu aq Cans adamians moswons Tu ar moswons, uy-

vars Tu sZuls, siamovnebs Tu ara da a.S. aq Cans, rom ada-

miani ama Tu im sagans afasebs imis mixedviT, Tu ramdenad

lamazi, mimzidveli an Rirebulia.

mTeli samyaro uzarmazar fortepianos waagavs, misi

klaviSebi RvTis Seqmnilia; romel maTgansac ar unda Se-

exo, sakuTari sulis gamoZaxils moismen _ esaa sulis ga-

moZaxili (wminda mRvdelmTavari nikoloz serbi (velimi-

roviCi). yoveli RvTisSvilis sagmiro saqme eris sulis

gamoZaxilia, yoveli RvTisSvilis sagmiro cxovreba _

eris sagmiro cxovrebis anarekli.

mglis funqciuri mravalmxrivobis sakiTxi xalxur azrovnebasa da

literaturul sinamdvileSi

bela mosia

SoTa mesxias zugdidids

saxelmwifo universiteti

emblemur cxovelTa Soris mgeli xuTTagan erT-erTia

(taxi, mgeli cxeni, xari, minotavri). mgeli antikuri xani-

dan moyolebuli iTvleba mxedruli simamacisa da Tavda-

debis gansaxierebad, Subze damagrebuli mglis Tavi meom-

rebisTvis gamarjvebis simbolod iTvleboda. araerTi

legenda icnobs mglis gamozrdil mefeebs. qristianobas-

Tan erTad mglisadmi damokidebuleba icvleba , negati-

uri xdeba da mas upirispirdeba ZaRli. Tumca qristianu-

li mwerlobis nimuSi `Sio mRvimelis cxovreba~ icnobs

epizods Tu rogor darajobs mgeli cxvrebs.

46

skandinaviur miTSi gansakuTrebulia mglis miTolo-

giuri simbolos kavSiri qvena samyarosTan. giganturma

mgelma fernirma gadaylapa mze, rac qveynis dasasruls

moaswavebda. megruli frazeologiuri gamoTqmaa: `geriS

oWkumali=mglis kerZi~, `samgle~. imave skandinaviur miT-

Si TviT jojoxeTis karibWe aris gamosaxuli ori gigan-

turi xaxis najvarad _ drakonisa da mglis.

qarTul miTologiaSi mamberi aris mglebis mbrZanebe-

li, romelsac Tayvans scemdnen svanebi da dasavleT sa-

qarTvelos sxva mTielebi, rodesac is kmayofili iyo

adamianebiT, igi mglebs pirs ukravda, xolo ganrisxebis

Jams, piriqiT, saqonelze miuSvebda xolme. megrulisTvis

damaxasiaTebelia gamoTqma: `gerjgua koCi=mgeliviT

kaci~ an wyvelis stereotipi `gerSa qoiCas=mglis kerZi

gagxdomodes~.

mglebi maqciebi arian, adamianSi Casaxuli mglis sule-

bi, slavuri miTologia icnobs adamianebs, romlebic ga-

daiqcevian mglebad. araerTgvarovania mglis saxismetyve-

leba literaturaSi: kiplingis `maugli”, alfred dvinis

`mglis sikvdili”, kanadeli farli mouetis `ar iyviro,

mglebia”, arc qarTuli mwerlobaa am mxriv mwiri: vaJas

`mgeli”, revaz inaniSvilis `mglis mokvla”, nugzar Sata-

iZis `beberi mgeli”, goderZi Coxelis `mgeli”, gia arganaS-

vilis `mgeli sakuTar tyavSi”. amJamad, Cveni yuradReba

miipyro swored am ukanasknelma. arganaSvilis moTxroba-

Si mTavar personaJad gamoyvanili mgeli mglis tyavSi gax-

veuli cxvaria, magram ara ise rogorc es qarTul fraze-

ologiur gamoTqmaSia naxsenebi, aramed namdvilad, WeSma-

ritad, Tumca saTaurad avtorma sagangebod gausva xazi

imas, rom mgeli sakuTar tyavSia. moTxrobis finalSic

mglis tyavze gaakeTa aqcenti da TiTqos sagangebod ga-

usva xazi mglis bunebis gardauvalobas. msoflio da qar-

Tuli literaturis sxva arc erT nawarmoebSi mglis

msgavsi buneba ar ikveTeba, Txzuleba cotaTi waagavs

vaJaseul mgels, romelsac aRsarebis Jami daudga, magram

mglurma bunebam, roca irmis jogma Cauqrola, gaiRviZa da

dananebiT Cailaparaka: `eh, gamaswres”. Tu arganaSvilis

Txzulebis mgeli da vaJas moTxrobis mgeli erTmaneTs

TavianTi aRsarebiT gvanan, `Sio mRvimelis cxovrebis”

mgeli mwyemsis bunebiT hgavs arganaSvilis moTxrobis

47

mgels. dasaxelebul moTxrobebSi calke sakiTxia avto-

ris saTqmeli ra SeiZleba iyos, Zveli qarTuli qristi-

anuli mwerobisTvis es saswaulia, rac beris damsaxure-

buli RvawlisTvis da uflis saswaulis gamosavlenad qve-

yanas moevlina, xolo vaJasTan kacTaTvis imis magaliTi,

rac mglisTvis ar miucia ufals, is goneba kacTaTvis ux-

vad moumadlia, rom ar dagvjabnos sofelma da misma

cdunebebma.

klasobrivi da socialuri motivebi megrul xalxur leqs-simRerebSi

Sovna kvantaliani



samegreloSi klasTa brZolis istoriis Seswavlis saq-

meSi Tavisi wvlilis Setana SeuZlia xalxur sityvierebas.

am azriT Zalze sainteresoa samegreloSi gavrcelebuli

klasobrivi urTierTobis amsaxveli leqs-simRerebi. zo-

gadqarTuli movlenebis paralelurad, megrul xalxur

sityvierebaSi damuSavebulia mxolod am mxarisaTvis da-

maxasiaTebeli Temebi, gadmocemulia mebatoneTa mier yma-

glexebis ekonomikuri Seviwroveba, Zalmomreoba, usamar-

Tloba, adamianuri Rirsebebis gaTelva. es istoriuli

movlena yvelaze mkafiod da maRalmxatvrulad aisaxa

dadianebis mouravze _ joRoria dgebiaze Seqmnil leqs-

simRerebSi. s. makalaTias cnobiT, dadianebis mouravebSi

yvelaze mkacri da Seubralebeli joRoria dgebia yofi-

la, romelic glexebs mouklavT da masze leqsi gamo-

uTqvamT. am leqs-simRerebSi mTqmelis mier abuCad amgde-

bi toniTaa daxasiaTebuli xalxis amwiokebeli mouravi.

batonymuri urTierTobisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli zo-

gierTi xalxuri tradicia uaRresad maxinj formas Rebu-

lobda da glexTa ajanyebis mizezadac xdeboda. cnobi-

lia, rom glexoba sxvadasxva saxis gadasaxads uxdida me-

48

batones. maT Soris, Zalze saintereso Cans begara `goWko-

muri~ (samaspinZlo). Tu arsebuli tradiciiT adre amgvar

wveulebas (samaspinZlos) ar hqonda mtkivneuli xasiaTi,

SemdegSi igi ymaglexobis Zarcvis saSinel formad iqca. am

begaris mixedviT, glexi batons da mis col-Svils weli-

wadSi erTxel (zogjer orjerac ki) kargi sadiliT unda

gamaspinZleboda. aseTi wveulebis dros mebatones yma-

glexis ojaxidan qali an vaJi Tu moewoneboda, wiTel Zafs

Seabamda yelze. amis Semdeg igi mis xeldebulad iTvle-

boda da roca inebebda, maSin waiyvanda saxlSi `muarxed~

(moaxled). am istoriul sinamdviles asaxavs samegreloSi

gavrcelebuli xalxuri leqsi `burRa~, romelic al. ca-

garels gamoqveynebuli aqvs rogorc simRera. am alego-

riuli xasiaTis leqsSi mebatone (burRa) turis, xolo

mxleblebi ZaRlebis saxiTaa warmodgenili. mkaTaTveSi

Tovlis mosvla gamoxatavs burRas mier gadasaxadis adre

moTxovnasa da `goWkomurze~ wvevas.

adamianebis motaceba da sxva qveyanaSi monebad gayidva

Semzaravi iyo yvela ojaxisaTvis. aseT qurdebs megrelebi

`yursalebs~ uwodebdnen. es istoriuli movlenaa asaxuli

leqsSi `didov, xviCa, didov, squa~. am leqsis yovel stri-

qonSi dedis mwuxareba da godebaa gamoxatuli.

ymaglexoba, romelic Tavisi SromiT kvebavda mebaton-

eebs, xedavda, rom amqveynad misi patroni aravin iyo. ami-

tomac gamwarebuli glexoba isev RmerTs avedrebda Tavs,

misgan moeloda Svelas. magram isic unda iTqvas, rom Seqm-

nilia mTeli cikli leqs-simRerebisa, romlebSic aSkara-

daa mowodeba mCagvrelTa mospobisken (`Cqini ordas Cqini

squa~).

am ciklis masalebi metad mniSvnelovania eris isto-

riuli warsulisa da folkloris Semswavleli mecniere-

bebisaTvis.

49

SeniSvnebisTvis

50

SeniSvnebisTvis

51

did batonebsa (savi wiri, xorvela, yvavil-batonebi)

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