diary of a black bear · 2020-01-03 · need to wear garlic. yellow garden spiders won’t suck...

M I S S O U R I D E PA R T M E N T O F CO N S E R VAT I O N

August/September 2010

kids' adventures in nature

diary of a black bear lEARN ThE bARE TRUTh AbOUT MISSOURI’S lARgEST MAMMAlS

Visit www.xplormo.org for cool videos, sounds, photos, fun facts and more!

1 Photos With Nop & Dave

2 You Discover

4 Wild Jobs

5 Yuck!

5 Strange But True

6 What Is It?

7 My Outdoor Adventure

16 Xplor More

departments

blACk bEAR photo by Noppadol Paothong

on the cover

We recycle. You can, too! Share Xplor with friends.on the Web

governorJeremiah W. “Jay” Nixon

ConServation CommiSSionDon C. bedell

Don R. JohnsonWilliam F. “Chip” Mcgeehan

becky l. Plattner

direCtorRobert l. Ziehmer

Xplor StaffDavid besengerbonnie Chasteen

Chris CloydPeg Craft

les FortenberryChris haefke

karen hudsonRegina knauerkevin lanahankevin Muenks

Noppadol PaothongMarci PorterMark Raithel

laura ScheulerMatt Seek

David StonnerNichole leClair TerrillStephanie Thurber

Alicia WeaverCliff White

kipp Woods

Xplor (ISSN 2151-8351) is published bimonthly. It is a publication of the Missouri Department of Conservation, 2901 West Truman boulevard, Jefferson City, MO (Mailing address: PO box 180, Jefferson City, MO 65102.) Subscription free to Missouri residents (one per household); out of state $5 per year; out of country $8 per year. Please allow 6–8 weeks for first issue. Notification of address change must include both old and new address (send mailing label with the subscriber number on it) with 60-day notice. Preferred periodical postage paid at Jefferson City, Mo., and at additional entry offices. Postmaster: Send correspondence to Xplor Circulation, PO box 180, Jefferson City, MO 65102-0180. Phone: 573-751-4115, ext. 3856 or 3249.

Copyright © 2010 by the Conservation Commission of the State of Missouri. Vol. 1, No. 4

Send editorial comments to: Mailing address: Xplor Magazine, PO box 180, Jefferson City, MO 65102-0180; E-mail: [email protected]. Please note: Xplor does not accept unsolicited article queries, manuscripts, photographs or artwork. Any unsolicited material sent will not be returned.

Equal opportunity to participate in and benefit from programs of the Missouri Department of Conservation is available to all individuals without regard to their race, color, national origin, sex, age or disability. Questions should be directed to the Department of Conservation, PO box 180, Jefferson City, MO 65102, 573-751-4115 (voice) or 800-735-2966 (TTY), or to the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Division of Federal Assistance, 4401 N. Fairfax Drive, Mail Stop: MbSP-4020, Arlington, VA 22203.

Migration SensationWhen you gotta go, you gotta go.

12 Diary of a Black BearFollow a year in the life of a Missouri bear.

Monarch butterfly

Katydid

gray.Tendrilsoffogcreptfromhilltopsdownintovalleys.Whenthesunpeekedover

thedistanthills,Davewatchedthecloudsoverheadexplodeinwarm,rosycolors.

Onepicturewouldn’tdojusticetothissweeping,sun-kissedvista,soDavesnappedseven.Backathisoffice,hestitchedthem

togetheronhiscomputerintoasingle,stunningimage.

Dave’squestwastocapturethespectacularviewfromatopBellMountain.Hispersistencepaidoff,don’tyouthink?

ToseemoreofDave’sphotos,visitwww.xplormo.org/node/9025.

inphotography—asinlife—sometimesyouhavetotry,tryagain.JustaskphotographerDavidStonner.

Davehadattemptedtocapturethewild,wide-openviewfromthetopofBellMountainbefore.He’dbeenthereinwinter,butbone-chillingweatherhadmadeittoughtooperatehiscamera.Throughhislens,thesnowlessOzarkhillslookedbareandugly.

Thefollowingspring,Davetriedagain.Thistime,hedecidedtophotographasunrisefromthesummit.Heluggedcampinggearupthetwo-miletrail,thenpitchedhistent.Asthesunsank,hesippedhotcocoa,listenedtocoyoteshowlandwatchedthestarscomeout.Bythetimethemoonrose,Davewassnuginhissleepingbag.

HisbeepingalarmwokeDavewellbeforesunrise.Hesetuphiscamerabymoonlightandwatchedtheeasternskychangefrominkybluetosmoky

bell Mountain Sunrisephoto by Dave Stonner

august/september 2010 i 1

PhotosNop & Davewith

2 i xplor

Withsummerwindingdown,andautumn

gearingup,there’splentytodiscoverinAugustand

September.Hereareafewideastogetyoustarted.

Go on a backyard lion HUNT.

Refuel a helicopter.Inmid-August,hummingbirdsheadsouthforwinter.Tofueltheirtrip,

thesetinyhelicoptersmusteathalftheirbodyweightininsectsandnectareachday.You’dhavetodrink160cansofsodatodothesame—

whatasugarrush!Tohelphungryhummersrefuel,stockafeederwithsugarwater.Sittingquietlyunderneathitislikebeinginthefrontrowat

anairshow.Oneofthelittlebirdsmightevenperchonyourfingerifyouholdreallystill!Tomakeahummingbirdfeeder,

visitwww.xplormo.org/node/9026.

Hook a hopper.What’snearlyasmuchfunascatchingfish?Catchinggrasshoppersforbait.Abutterflynetwillsweepupaton,buthuntingthembyhandisalotmorefun.Stashwhatyoucatchinacoffeecan.Whenyou’rereadytofish,pokeahookdirectlybehindthehopper’sheadandletitcomeoutthemiddleofitsback.Don’thookittoodeeply—adeadhopperwillcatchfish,butaliveonethrashingaboutwillstirupquiteafeedingfrenzy.

Youwon’tfindbigcatsprowlingyourbackyard,butyoumightfinda

minipredatorthat’sjustasferocious.Antlionsaretinyinsectlarvaethatdigsmall,cone-shapedpitsinthesand.Whenanotherinsectstumblesintothepit,slidingsandkeepsitfromclimbingout.

Theantlionwaitsatthebottom,readytosnaretheunluckybuginitspoison-tippedpincers.Thereareprobablyantlionslurkinginyourbackyard.Searchfortheirpitsinfine,drysoilbesidehouses,underdecksorinflowerbeds.Fortipsonobservingantlionsupclose,visitwww.xplormo.org/node/9028.

Ruby-throated hummingbird

Ant lion

Spur-throated grasshopper

Carpenter ant


Pucker UP.

Whatlookslikeasquishyorangetomato,tasteslikea

crossbetweenapumpkinandapear,andforecaststheweatheraswellas

agroundhog?It’sapersimmon.Persimmonsaregoodtoeat—ifthey’reripe.Ifthey’renot,theirbittertastewillmakeyoupucker.Somefolksclaimyoucantellhowcoldthewinterwillbebysplittingopenapersimmonseed.Iftheinsidelookslikeaknife,expectfrigidwindsthatwillcutlikeablade.Aspoonpredictsplentyofsnowtoshovel.And,ifyoufindafork,planonamildwinter.

Lookingformorewaystohavefunoutside?FindoutaboutDiscoverNatureprogramsinyourarea at www.xplormo.org/xplor/stuff-do/all-events.

HeadoutsideonasultryAugustnight,andyou’llbeserenadedbythetrillingofcricketsandthebuzzingofkatydids.Theserelativesofgrasshopperssingwiththeirwings,scrapingthesmoothedgeofonewingagainsttheroughsurfaceofanother.Howmanydifferentkindscanyouhear?Ifyoucan’ttellacricketfromakatydid,gotowww.xplormo.org/

node/9029.

Race woolly bears.InSeptember,black-and-brownwoollybearcaterpillarsshowupinfullforce.Grabyourfriends,roundupafewofthefrizzy-hairedplant-munchers,andscratchacircleinthedirtaboutthesizeofahulahoop.Placeyourcaptivecaterpillarsinthecircle’scenter,andseewhichwoollybearwigglesoutfirst.

Drop some doves.What’ssmallandgray,fliesat40milesperhour,andperformsmid-airdipsanddivesthatwouldmakeastuntpilotqueasy?It’samourningdove,andthere’snothingmorechallengingthantryingtodropafewwithashotgun.Dove seasonopensSeptember1,so grabanadult,putonsome camouflageandpackplenty ofshells.Dovesflocktofields withlotsofseedsandbare ground—mowedsunflower fieldsareperfect.Fortips, rulesandplacestohunt,visit www.xplormo.org/node/19031.

Go on a cricket CRAWL.

MAKE A WISH.

Cricket

Katydid

Woolly bear ca

terp

illar

Persim

mon

Mourning dove

Ifyouwanttowishonashootingstar,markyourcalendarforAugust12.Latethatnight,thePerseidmeteorshowerwillfloodtheheavenswithupto80shootingstarsanhour.Toenjoytheshow,findaplaceawayfromcitylights,spreadablanketandlieonyourbackfacingthenortheasternsky.Shootingstarsaren’treallystarsbutbitsofcosmiccrudthatcrumbleoffcomets.WhenthedebrisfallsthroughEarth’satmosphere,itflaresup,givingdreamerssomethingtowishupon.

it’s a bird. it’s a Plane. it’s ... a WaterfoWl biologist?

wild jobs

Duck Counter

neverbetagainstAndyRaedekeinacontesttoguesshowmanyjellybeansareinajar.Asawaterfowlbiologist,Andygets

plentyofpracticecountingthings,mostlyducksandgeese.And,hedoesitwhileflyinginplanesandhelicoptersatspeedsthatwouldgetyourparentspulledoverontheinterstate.

Onthefirstpassoveramarsh,thepilotflies500feetuptoavoidscaringtheducksandgeesebelow.Inthecopilot’sseat,Andyhasabird’s-eyeviewandquicklycountsallthewaterfowl.

Forthenextpass,thepilotbanksanddropslow.“It’slikeridingarollercoaster,”Andysays.“Youfloatofftheseatandyourstomachcrawlsupyourthroat.”

That’swhenthingsgetinteresting.Therearedifferentkindsofwaterfowl.Asbirdsburstintotheair,Andyestimateshowmanyofeachkindhesees.

“We’vehadafewclosecalls,”Andysays.“Once,weflewthroughaflockofmallards,andonecamewithininchesofthecockpit.”Backattheairport,thepilotpointedoutadenttheunluckyduckhadleftintheplane’stail.

Andy’scountshelpbiologistslearnhowmanywaterfowlvisitMissouri,whentheymigrate,andwheretheystoptoeat.Theinformationhelpsset

huntingseasonsandletswetlandmanagersknowhowmuchhabitattoprovide.Wanttotrycountingducksandgeesefrom500feetup?Checkoutwww.xplormo.org/node/9030.

4 i xplor

it’s a bird. it’s a Plane. it’s ... a WaterfoWl biologist?


your guide to all the nasty, stinky, slimy and gross stuff that nature has to offer

Avampirelurksinyourbackyard,butthere’snoneedtoweargarlic.Yellowgardenspiderswon’tsuckyourblood—unlessyou’reabug.Gardenspidersweavespectacularwebsinfieldsandbesidehouses.Ifaninsectgetstangled,thespiderrushesover,stabsitwithitsfangs,andpumpsinvenomthatkillsthebugandturnsitsinsidestomush.Thespiderwrapsitssoon-to-bemealinasilkencoffin.Oncethebughasliquified,thespiderreturnstosuckoutabug-flavoredproteinshake.

BeneaththecalmsurfaceofMissouri’slakesswimsamindlesseatingmachine.Justliketheirsaltwatercousins,freshwaterjellyfishsquirtthroughthewaterarmedwithstingingtentacles.Butswimmersneednotfear.Missouri’sjellyfishareaboutthesizeofaquarterandposenothreattopeople.Theyuse

theirtentaclestosnaretinyaquaticanimalscalledzooplankton.Jellyfishdon’t

appeareveryyear,butwatchforthemfrom

JulytoSeptemberwhenwater

temperaturesreach80degrees.

yellow garden spider

Freshwater jellyfish

6 i xplor

Don’t know? Jump to Page 16 to find out.wHAT IS

IT?

I’m mighty small now, but I’ll be almighty someday. I wear a cap, but not on my head.

Some think I’m bitter. Others think I’m nutty.Animals may gobble me up or squirrel me away.


Want to learn how your family can create habitat for wildlife? Visit www.mdc.mo.gov/landwater-care.

outdoor hisplaceneedshelp,”Tristonsaidonthefirstvisittohisfamily’snewfarm.Cattlehad grazedthewoodsbareofplants.Everywhereelse,akindofgrasscalledfescuegrewsothicknoanimalcouldmovethroughit.Erosionhadturnedthelivestocktrailsintodeepditches,andthepondleakedlikethedrainonabathtub.Thatspring,theGilbertfamilysprangtoworktoturntheirbeat-upfarmintoaparadiseforwildlife.

“t“t

Theyburnedthefieldsandsprayedherbicideoverthefescue.Tristonusedahandseedertosowwildlife-friendlygrassesandwildflowersinthebaresoil.Hestuckwillowcuttingsintheditches,hopingtheywouldtakeroottostoptheerosion.

Usingatreeplanter

pulledbehindatractor,Trinity

helpedplantthousandsof

oak,hickoryandpecanseedlings.

Thekidspickeduptrashwherethefarm’sformerownerhadusedaditchforadump.Bysummer’send,theireffortswerestartingtopayoff.Rabbits,deerandotherwildlifebegantoreturn.

Thekidswererewardedfortheirwork.Trinitygiggedafrogatthepond,andTristonbaggedadoveinafieldhehadplanted.

8 i xplor

ButterflyMonarch butterflies migrate to Mexico to escape cold weather. Those from Missouri fly for two months to make the 1,500-mile trip! Flowers fuel their flutter. Most slurp enough nectar to gain weight on the way. For monarchs, fat is where it’s at. Once they reach Mexico, they won’t eat again for five months.

Monarch

Migration SensationMigration SensationbyMattSeek,illustratedbyDavidBesenger

© C

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apiro

I D

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MonarchButterfly

Millions of monarchs spend winter huddled together in trees high in the mountains of Mexico.


Imagine traveling to a place you’ve never been. You have neither a suitcase nor a map. To get there, you’ll have to fly hundreds of miles and pit your wits against

predators and storms. Sound scary? Migrating animals do it all the time.

What weighs less than a Big Mac and can fly for two days without stopping to eat, drink or sleep? It’s an American golden-plover. These little birds migrate 20,000 miles between their summer home in Canada and their winter home in South America. Why do they fly such a long way? Some would say because it’s too far to walk, but the real reason is to feed and breed. With lots of food and space, Canada’s tundra is perfect for raising babies. But in winter, food becomes scarce and plovers must fly south or starve.

American Golden-Plover

Migration SensationMigration Sensation

American Golden-Plover

10 i xplor

Canada GooseHow do migrating birds find their way? If you’re a Canada goose, you follow mom and dad on your first trip south.

After that, geese use landmarks such as rivers, lakes and coastlines to get from Point A to Point B.

Other birds, including golden-plovers, use the sun, stars and Earth’s magnetic field to navigate. There’s another reason geese play follow-the-

leader, and it’s not so they don’t goose one another. By flying in a V, geese in the front block the wind for geese in the back. When the lead

goose gets tired, it drops back and lets a different honker be leader.

The Mysteryof MONARCH MIGRATION

Canada Goose

Monarchs born in August and September return to the same 12 mountains in Mexico that their great-great-grandparents used the previous fall!

In March, theyflutter north. Females lay eggs across the South, then they die.

Their offspring live 2–6 weeks. Each generation spreads farther north.

2

1

3

4

3

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Monarchs spend winter in central Mexico.

1

The Mysteryof MONARCH MIGRATION

No one knows how monarchs find their wintering sites. Adding to this mystery is the fact that monarchs make the trip to Mexico only once. Here’s how it works:


Eastern Bluebird

Canada GooseBirds don’t fly south to get a good tan. They go because foods they like to eat become scarce when it gets cold. Many migrating birds get eaten by predators, are blown off course by storms or become so tired they can’t go on. To avoid these dangers, some birds don’t migrate. Most of Missouri’s eastern bluebirds don’t fly south, they just eat something different when winter strikes. During warmer months, bluebirds feast on insects. When insects disappear, they switch to berries and other fruits. Bluebirds might have to move a few miles, but they don’t have to cross the ocean to find a berry bush.

Thousands of ducks and geese make pit stops at wetlands to rest and refuel during migration.

Most of the time, bluebirds handle cold weather just fine, but on really chilly nights several birds may huddle together to keep from turning too blue.

Canada Goose

Eastern Bluebird

12 i xplor

Hi!I’ma3-year-oldblackbear.Ilivedeepinthe

OzarksalongthebanksoftheCurrentRiver.Iweigh

about150pounds—probablyalittlelessthanyour

dad.Onallfours,I’mastallasaLabradorretriever.

Sixtyyearsago,mostoftheblackbearsthatonce

livedinMissourihaddisappeared.Ournumbers

begantoincreaseherewhenbearsfromArkansas

travelednorthlookingfornewhomes.Mygreat-

great-grandmothercrossedtheborderin1984.

Ourfamily’sbeengrowingeversince.

Thisismystory.

June 28Istartedquitearuckustoday.I’vebeenleavingscenteverywhere.That’showIletmalebearsknowI’mlookingforamate.Abigmalehasbeenfollowingmeforaweek.Wewereinthemeadoweatingwhenanotherbearlumberedup.

ThenextthingIknow,mymatewasontheotherbearlikeredonaraspberry.Bothofthemstoodupontheirhindlegsandsnarled.Thentheystartedshoving,clawingandbitingeachother!Mymatefinallygottheupperpawandchasedtheotherbearaway.

Diary of a Black BearillustratedbyDavidBesenger


January 24Lastmonth,Icrawledintomydenunder

ablown-downtree.I’vebeensleeping

there,allalone,eversince.Iawoketoday

tofindmyselfgivingbirthtotwotiny

cubs,aboyandagirl.They’recute,but

awfullyscrawny—nobiggerthankittens.

Iusemylegstomakefurry,warmwalls

andtuckmyheadundermychestto

breathetoastyaironthem.Onwarm

days,thecubscrawluptosleepinthe

densefuronmyback.Theydrinkmy

milkwhileIdoze.Whentheynurse,they

humlikehappy,littlemotors.

September 19

Soonafterthefight,mymateandI

wentourseparateways.Sincethen,I’ve

beenspendingtimeonmoreimportant

things—likeeating.Istuffmytummywith

whateverIfind,mostlytonsofacorns.

Yum!Yesterday,somebodyleftdogchow

ontheirporch.Iwasmunchinghappily

whenamanstormedoutofthehouse

yelling.Idashedaway,scaredtodeath.

HowshouldIhaveknownthefood

wasn’tforme?Ifhedidn’twantmetoeat

it,heshouldn’thaveleftitoutthere.

14 i xplor

April 5Weemergedfromourdenlastweek.Ihaven’teaten(ordrankorpooped)in4months,butit’shardtofindfoodwithtwohelplesscubsunderfoot.Today,Irakedleavesbeneathabigoakandleftthecubsthere.I’mgladthetreeisagoodbabysitter.WhileIwasawaynibblinggrassandtenderleaves,astraydogtriedtoattackthecubs.Luckily,theyscootedupthetreequickassquirrelsandstartedsquealing.Iwatchedfromasafedistanceuntilthedoggotboredandleft.

July 6

Today,Irippedopenarottenlogand

foundanestofcarpenterants.Jackpot!

Thecubscrowdedinandbeganbawling.

EventhoughIwasstarving—Iusually

am—Iletthemdigin.Abigblackant

pinchedthemalecub’stongue.Heshook

hisheadandyowled.Someday,he’lllearn

toeatthelittlewhiteantsinstead.For

dessert,wefeastedonblackberries.The

cubsandIpickedthewholebushclean

withournimblelips.Itriedtocatcha

fawn,butitgotaway.Icanrun

30mph,butIdon’tturn

cornerswell.


October 2

We’vebeenspendingourdaysfattening

upforwinter,eatingeveryacornin

sight.Soonsnowwillfall,andfoodwill

disappear.Ifoundagoodspotforaden

underarockyledgeandstarteddigging

tomakeitbigenoughforthethreeof

us.Thecubshelpedrakeleavesinside

forabed.We’llsleepthroughthewinter

huddledtogether.Inthespring,thecubs

willbeoldenoughtostrikeoffontheir

own.Bythen,itwillbetimeformeto

startanewfamily.

August 1Thecubsplayalldaylong!Theyloveto

diveontreesaplingsandridethemto

theground.Sometimeswhentheyflop

off,thesaplingwhipsbackandsmacks

mynose.Forthem,myearsarechew

toys.Yesterday,thecubsfoundaturtle

andbeganbattingthepoorthingbackand

forth.Ispottedamalebearlumbering

towardus.Hewantedtoeatthecubs!

Igruntedtosendthemupatree,butthey

didn’thear.Theyweretoobusyplaying.

Iswattedoneofthem,andthatgot

themclimbing.

16 i xplor

▲ Don’tbothertryingtonetbutterflies

thatflutterby—monarchsaretooquick

andwary.Instead,waitforonetolandon

aflower,sneakupfrombehind,andquickly

sweepyournetsidewaystopluckiffromits

perch.Pinchthetopofthenettotrapthe

monarchinthedeepend.

xplor moretag a monarch

▲ Foldthemonarch’swingsupoveritsback.Holdthebutterflybetweenyourthumbandfingeralongtheedgeofitsforewings.Begentlebutfirm.Afewscalesmightcomeoff,butdon’tworry.Monarchsaretough!

▼ Holdthetagbyitsedgeandstickitoverthemitten-shapedcellonthemonarch’shindwing.Recordthetagnumberandthemonarch’ssex,thenopenyourfingersandwatchifflutteraway.

Inmid-Septemberorange-and-blackmonarchbutterfliesfluttersouthtoMexico.Youcan

helpbiologiststracktheirmovementsbycatchingmigratingmonarchsandputting

identificationtagsontheirwings.Ordertagsandlearnmoreatwww.monarchwatch.org.

Allmightyoaktreesbeginlifeastinyacorns.Acornsareattachedtotreesbysaucer-shapedcaps.Althoughsomeacornstastenutty,mostarebitter.Animalsdon’tseemtomind.When

acornsdropinfall,mostarequicklygobbledupbyturkeys,bearsandotherwildlife.Squirrelsandbluejaysburyacornsforwinter.Someoftheseareforgottenandsproutintobabyoaksinspring.

answer to

from Page 6wHAT IS

IT?

Youcantellthisisamalemonarchbythelittleblackdotsandthinblackveinsonhishindwings.Femaleshavethickerblackveinsandnodots.


WhoseAnswers: 1) Coyote 2) Rabbit 3) Deer 4) Otter 5) Raccoon

Deer—Bewareofraisinsinthe

woods.TheymightbeleftoverplantsI

leftbehind.

Rabbit—Inibbleplantsallday.Allthefibermakes

myscatlooklikechocolatepuffs.

Otter—Isquirtscaly

scat.Itmustbefromall

thefishandcrayfishIconsume.

Coyote—Nodogchowfor

me.IeatwhatIcatch:rabbits,mice

andotherfurrycreatures.

Raccoon—Ineverpassachancetofeastonberries,butIdopass

theirseeds.

isthat?scatxplor more

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Warning!Nevertouchscat.Someanimalscarrydeadlydiseasesthatcanbepassedtoyouthroughtheirdroppings.

Animalsleavecluestoletusknowwherethey’vebeen.Searchthewoodscarefullyandyoumightfindfootprintsinthedirt,chewmarksonanut,fursnaggedonathorn,andother,well,stuff.

Everyanimaleats.Everyanimalgetsridofwastes.Biologistscallthesedroppingsscat.Ifyouopenyoureyes—andplugyournose—youcanlearnalotfrom

scat.Thescat’ssize,shapeandlocationarecluestowhichanimalleftitbehind.Animalsthateatmeathave

tube-shapedscat.Animalsthateatplantspasssmaller,pellet-shapedscat.Aquaticanimalsleavescatnearwater.Climbinganimalsleavescatneartrees.What’sinthescattellsyouwhattheanimalhaseaten—anotherimportantclue.

Thinkyouhavethescooponpoop?Usethecluestomatcheachspeciestoitsfeces.Turnthepageupsidedowntoseeifyoupassed.

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free to Missouri households

ozark sculPin

Why so glum, chum? These little fish are found only in the Ozarks where they hug the bottom of cold, swift streams. To avoid becoming chum for predators, sculpins have a trick up their fins—they change color to blend in with their surroundings.

diary of a black bear · 2020-01-03 · need to wear garlic. yellow garden spiders won’t suck...

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