diabetes prevention & control
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Diabetes:Epidemiology, Prevention & Control
Seema Daud
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International diabetes Federation (IDF): 2012
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Diabetes in Pakistan – Estimated for 2014
Number of Diabetic Patients 7.1 million
Number of deaths in adults due to diabetes 88,000
Male to Female ratio of diabetic deaths 1:1.5
Cost per person with diabetes (USD) 52.7 US $
Number of cases of diabetes in adults that are undiagnosed (1000s) 3,471.9
Type II Diabetes in age ≥ 30 years 10%
Sources: International diabetes Federation (IDF): 2014 Diabetes Association of Pakistan (DAP): 2014)
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Sources:1. Shaw JE, Sicree RA, Zimmet PZ. Global estimates of the prevalence of diabetes for 2010 and 2030. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. Jan 2010;87(1):4-14.2. Wild S, Roglic G, Green A, Sicree R, King H. Global prevalence of diabetes: estimates for the year 2000 and projections for 2030. Diabetes Care. May 2004;27(5):1047-1053.
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Iceberg of Disease (Diabetes): 1:2Tip of the
Iceberg
(Diagnosed)
Submerged
Portion
(Undiagnosed,
Subclinical cases,
Carriers)
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Public Health Importance of Diabetes
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Predisposing (Risk) Factors of Diabetes
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Family History
Increasing Age Gender
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South Asian, Chinese, African, Caribbean, Hispanics
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Diet
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• Between 1990 and 2010 : 60+ years > by 75.1%. • Projected life expectancy: 72 years by 2023. • WHO report (1998) projected: 5.6% of Pakistan’s > over 60 years of age, with a probability of doubling to 11% by the year 2025.
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High Depression & Stress (Hussain &Tomenson, 2000)
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• Pakistan’s urban population:
38%• Pakistan is
urbanizing at an annual rate of
3-4% • By 2025 urban
population:
50%
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Levels of Prevention
• Primordial
Early childhood (preventing risk factors)
Health promotion & lifestyle modifications• Primary
Before the onset of disease
Health promotion & lifestyle modifications• Secondary
Early diagnosis
Screening & management
Tertiary
Prevent complications & rehabilitation
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Digest Carbohydrates quickly
Release energy quickly
Feel hungry soon
Eat more
Digest Carbohydrates slowly
Release energy slowly
Feel full longer
Eat eat
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High Glycemic Index of Food Low
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