Chapter 6: Understanding Your Medications

This information is not intended as a substitute for professional healthcare. Always follow your healthcare provider’s instructions.©2011 Krames StayWell, LLC. www.kramesstaywell.com 800-333-3032 All rights reserved.

Diabetes Medications and How They Work

Oral• Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors slow

down the digestion of certain carbs. This can help keep blood sugar levels from rising too much after meals. Name of your medication:

• Biguanides decrease the liver’s glucose production and decrease insulin resistance in liver, muscle, and fat cells. They may also improve blood lipid (fat) levels. Name of your medication:

• DPP-4 inhibitors increase the body’s release of insulin in response to a rise in glucose levels. Name of your medication:

*Medications in these classes can cause low blood sugar.

Note: This chart does not imply endorsement of any type or brand of diabetes medication. It does not list side effects, adverse reactions, interactions, or precautions for these medications. Only a doctor can recommend or prescribe these medications.

• Injectable hormones are taken as shots. They are versions of natural hormones that regulate insulin production in the pancreas and the release of glucose into the bloodstream. Name of your medication:

• Glinides* cause a burst of insulin to be released when you eat a meal. They have a short time of action for mealtime use. Name of your medication:

• Sulfonylureas* stimulate the pancreas to produce and release more insulin. These drugs can be long-acting and may stay in the body for up to 72 hours. (Most last 24 hours or less.) Name of your medication:

• Thiazolidinediones help decrease insulin resistance in muscle and fat cells. They also help decrease production of glucose in the liver and improve blood lipid (fat) levels. Name of your medication:

Injected• Insulin* is usually taken by shot or

pump. It regulates blood sugar if the pancreas can’t produce enough insulin. You may need to take more than one type. Some types are short-acting, for mealtime use. Others work over longer periods. Name of your medication: