diabetes health promtion plan

8/10/2019 Diabetes Health Promtion Plan

1/20

DIABETES HEALTH PROMOTION PLAN

Target Group: Diabetics 60 ears a!" o#"er

Stu"e!t !a$e: Ossce!!ie Ge!t#es

I" %: &&0&A06'(

Lecturer: Mrs E"it) E*a!s

Sc)oo#: I+,

,ourse: Gero!to#og

Due "ate: October '0&-

What is diabetes?


2/20

Diabetes is t)e co!"itio! i! .)ic) t)e bo" "oes !ot proper# process /oo" /or use as e!erg

Most o/ t)e /oo" .e eat is tur!e" i!to g#ucose1 or sugar1 /or our bo"ies to use /or e!erg T)e

pa!creas1 a! orga! t)at #ies !ear t)e sto$ac)1 $a2es a )or$o!e ca##e" i!su#i! to )e#p g#ucose

get i!to t)e ce##s o/ our bo"ies 3)e! ou )a*e "iabetes1 our bo" eit)er "oes!4t $a2e e!oug)

i!su#i! or ca!4t use its o.! i!su#i! as .e## as it s)ou#" T)is causes sugars to bui#" up i! our

b#oo" T)is is .) $a! peop#e re/er to "iabetes as 5sugar Diabetes ca! cause serious )ea#t)

co$p#icatio!s i!c#u"i!g )eart "isease1 b#i!"!ess1 2i"!e /ai#ure1 a!" #o.er7e8tre$it

a$putatio!s

How prevalent is diabetes among blacks?

B#ac2s are &9 ti$es as #i2e# to "e*e#op "iabetes as .)ites

T)e pre*a#e!ce o/ "iabetes a$o!g b#ac2s )as ua"rup#e" "uri!g t)e past ;0 ears

A$o!g b#ac2s age '0 a!" o#"er1 about '; $i##io! )a*e "iabetes < &0= perce!t o/ t)at

age group

B#ac2s .it) "iabetes are $ore #i2e# t)a! !o!7Hispa!ic .)ites to "e*e#op "iabetes a!"

to e8perie!ce greater "isabi#it /ro$ "iabetes7re#ate" co$p#icatio!s suc) as

a$putatio!s1 a"u#t b#i!"!ess1 2i"!e /ai#ure1 a!" i!crease" ris2 o/ )eart "isease a!"

stro2e


3/20

Deat) rates /or b#ac2s .it) "iabetes are '9 perce!t )ig)er t)a! /or .)ites

What are the symptoms of diabetes?

Peop#e .)o t)i!2 t)e $ig)t )a*e "iabetes $ust *isit a p)sicia! /or "iag!osis T)e $ig)t

)a*e so$e or !o!e o/ t)e /o##o.i!g s$pto$s:

>reue!t uri!atio!

E8cessi*e t)irst

+!e8p#ai!e" .eig)t #oss

E8tre$e )u!ger

Su""e! *isio! c)a!ges

Ti!g#i!g or !u$b!ess i! )a!"s or /eet

>ee#i!g *er tire" $uc) o/ t)e ti$e

?er "r s2i!

Sores t)at are s#o. to )ea#

More i!/ectio!s t)a! usua#

Pre-Diabetes:

Pre7"iabetes $ea!s t)at t)e ce##s i! our bo" are beco$i!g resista!t to i!su#i! or our pa!creas

is !ot pro"uci!g as $uc) i!su#i! as reuire" @our b#oo" g#ucose #e*e#s are )ig)er t)a! !or$a#1

but !ot )ig) e!oug) to be ca##e" "iabetes T)is is a#so 2!o.! as i$paire" /asti!g g#ucose or

i$paire" g#ucose to#era!ce A "iag!osis o/ pre7"iabetes is a .ar!i!g sig! t)at "iabetes .i##

"e*e#op #ater T)e goo" !e.s: @ou ca! pre*e!t t)e "e*e#op$e!t o/ Tpe ' "iabetes b #osi!g

.eig)t1 $a2i!g c)a!ges i! our "iet a!" e8ercisi!g

Type 1 Diabetes:


4/20

A perso! .it) Tpe & "iabetes ca!4t $a2e a! i!su#i! Tpe & $ost o/te! occurs be/ore age ;01

but $a stri2e at a! age Tpe & ca! be cause" b a ge!etic "isor"er T)e origi!s o/ Tpe & are

!ot /u## u!"erstoo"1 a!" t)ere are se*era# t)eories But a## o/ t)e possib#e causes sti## )a*e t)e

sa$e e!" resu#t: T)e pa!creas pro"uces *er #itt#e or !o i!su#i! a!$ore >reue!t i!su#i!

i!ectio!s are !ee"e" /or Tpe &

Type 2 Diabetes:

A perso! .it) Tpe ' "iabetes )as a"euate i!su#i!1 but t)e ce##s )a*e beco$e resista!t to it

Tpe ' usua## occurs i! a"u#ts o*er ;( ears o#"1 but ca! a//ect a!o!e1 i!c#u"i!g c)i#"re! T)e

Natio!a# I!stitutes o/ Hea#t)state t)at C( perce!t o/ a## "iabetes cases are Tpe ' 3) It4s a

#i/est#e "isease1 triggere" b obesit1 a #ac2 o/ e8ercise1 i!crease" age a!" to so$e "egree1

ge!etic pre"ispositio!

Gestational Diabetes:

Gestatio!a# "iabetes GDF a//ects about - perce!t o/ a## preg!a!t .o$e! It usua## appears

"uri!g t)e seco!" tri$ester a!" "isappears a/ter t)e birt) o/ t)e bab

Li2e Tpe & a!" Tpe '1 our bo" ca!4t use g#ucose e//ecti*e# a!" b#oo" g#ucose #e*e#s get too

)ig) 3)e! GD is !ot co!tro##e"1 co$p#icatio!s ca! a//ect bot) ou a!" our bab @our "octor

.i## )e#p ou .or2 out a "iet a!" e8ercise p#a!1 a!" possib# $e"icatio! Ha*i!g GD i!creases

our ris2 /or "e*e#opi!g it agai! "uri!g /uture preg!a!cies a!" a#so raises our ris2 o/ Tpe '

"iabetes #ater i! #i/e
http://www.nih.gov/news/pr/jul2006/niddk-19.htmhttp://www.nih.gov/news/pr/jul2006/niddk-19.htmhttp://www.nih.gov/news/pr/jul2006/niddk-19.htmhttp://www.nih.gov/news/pr/jul2006/niddk-19.htmhttp://www.nih.gov/news/pr/jul2006/niddk-19.htm


5/20

3) a )ea#t) pro$otio! p#a!

T)e purpose o/ )ea#t) pro$otio! progra$s is to pro*i"e a positi*e at$osp)ere a!" gui"e t)e

patie!t about t)e treat$e!t

T)e Hea#t) Pro$otio! Progra$ /osters a! e!*iro!$e!t .)ic) supports positi*e )ea#t) as .e## as


6/20

/it!ess practices to re"uce ris2 /actors regar"i!g )ea#t)1 $ai!tai! )ea#t) #i/est#e a!" beco$e

$ore /it

>o##o.i!g /actors i!crease t)e c)a!ces o/ getti!g "iabetes:

&F Peop#e .)o are o*er.eig)t a!" o*er -0

'F Peop#e .)o )a*e /a$i# $e$bers .it) t)e "isease

;F 3o$e! .)o "e*e#op "iabetes .)e! preg!a!t are #i2e# to "e*e#op it1#ater i! #i/e

-F Peop#e o/ A/rica!7A$erica! or Asia! )eritage

Target Group

T)e target group /or t)is )ea#t) pro$otio! p#a! is i!"i*i"ua#s1 e#"er# $a#e a!" /e$a#e 60 ears

a!" o#"er a!" are a#rea" "iag!ose" .it) "iabetes T)is pro$otio! p#a! .i## i!itiate a!"

)ig)#ig)ts .as t)at t)ese i!"i*i"ua#s ca! #ea" a )ea#t) #i/est#e a!" pre*e!t o!set o/ ot)er

co$p#icatio!s It is *er i$porta!t /or "iabetics to $ai!tai! a !or$a# b#oo" g#ucose #e*e# at a##

ti$es a!" co!sta!t care o/ t)eir bo"ies

ssessment of the Geriatric diabetic patients

T)e 2e to "e*e#op a! appropriate treat$e!t p#a! /or geriatric "iabetic patie!ts i!*o#*es t)e

/o##o.i!g:

,o$pre)e!si*e assess$e!t o/ t)e )ea#t) status


7/20

Assess$e!t o/ sig!s a!" s$pto$s re#ate" to )perg#ce$ia a!" "iabetic co$p#icatio!s

E*a#uatio! o/ )per#ipi"e$ia1 )perte!sio!1 a!" ot)er ris2 /actors associate" .it)

at)erosc#erosis b usi!g $e"ica# )istor a!" p)sica# e8a$i!atio! E*a#uatio! o/ patie!ts $e"icatio!s1 "ietar a!" e8ercise )abits1 !utritio!a#1 /u!ctio!a#1

a!" cog!iti*e status1 attitu"es to.ar"s )is or )ea#t)1 a!" /i!a!cia# a!" socia# status

Si$i#ar# /or patie!ts .it) "isabi#ities a!" $u#tip#e c)ro!ic "iseases1 .)o $a a#so /ace

prob#e$s .it) /i!a!cia# or socia# support1 assess$e!t b a geriatricia! a!" $u#ti"iscip#i!ar

tea$ $a be !ecessar Subspecia#t co!su#tatio! $a a#so be !ecessar /or op)t)a#$o#ogica#1

!euro#ogica#1 po"iatric1 a!" ot)er co$p#icatio!s T)us1 .it)out a t)oroug) e*a#uatio!1 a sa/e a!"

e//ecti*e treat$e!t p#a! ca!!ot be "e*e#ope"

T)e *arious co$po!e!ts o/ t)e co$pre)e!si*e assess$e!t o/ a! o#"er "iabetic patie!t are:

Histor a!" p)sica#

>u!ctio!

,og!itio! a!" a//ect

Nutritio!a# status

Me"icatio! use a!" possib#e i!appropriate po#p)ar$ac Socia# situatio! a!" support

Hea#t) Tea$

,o##aborati*e ,are:

Nurse

P)siot)erapist

Doctor Dieticia!

Pro$oti!g Hea#t) I! Diabetics


8/20

I!"i*i"ua#s "iag!ose" .it) "iabetes1 .)et)er it $a be tpe & or tpe '1 !ee" to practice certai!

)abits i! or"er to sta /it a!" )ea#t) T)e s)ou#" /o##o. a proper "iet p#a! a!" !ee" to pa

atte!tio! to e8ercise1 as e8ercise )e#ps our bo" i! usi!g i!su#i! i! a better .a to co!*ert

g#ucose i!to e!erg T)ose .it) tpe & "iabetes a!" so$e o/ t)e peop#e .it) "iabetes tpe '1

!ee" to ta2e i!su#i! i!ectio!s Peop#e .it) "iabetes tpe ' are prescribe" speci/ic $e"icatio!s

.)ic) )e#p t)eir bo" to pro"uce $ore i!su#i! a!" use it So$e peop#e .it) tpe ' "iabetes "iet

ca! $a!age t)eir "isease .it) e8ercise a!" .eig)t #oss a#o!e a!" "o!4t !ee" a! "iabetic

$e"ici!es

Diet

Dietar co$p#ia!ce is o/te! !ot /easib#e /or e#"ers .)o e8)ibit "i//icu#ties .it) i!stru$e!ta#

acti*ities o/ "ai# #i*i!g1 because t)eir /u!ctio!a# capabi#ities $a #i$it t)eir abi#it to prepare

basic $ea#s Restricti!g ca#oric i!ta2e i! #o!g7ter$ care patie!ts s)ou#" be "o!e .it) $uc)

cautio! Ma! a#rea" )a*e i!su//icie!t ca#oric i!ta2e because o/ co!/usio!1 "sp)asia1 a!"

"i$i!is)e" appetite O/te!1 a co!su#tatio! .it) a "ieticia! a!" )o$e e*a#uatio!s b socia#

.or2ers ca! pro*i"e so$e i!sig)t

Patie!ts su//eri!g /ro$ "iabetes ca!!ot brea2 "o.! store" /at /or e!erg .it) ease T)e e*e!

/i!" it "i//icu#t to brea2 "o.! protei!s B#oo" sugar #e*e# rises as it gets stoc2e" up i! t)e b#oo"

"ue to t)e #ac2 o/ co!*erter )or$o!e i!su#i! E8cess sugar #e*e# i! our b#oo" ca! create

co$p#icatio!s /or ou T)at is .) .)e! "iabetes is "etecte"1 our "octor te##s ou to $a2e

c)a!ges i! eati!g )abits1 .eig)t co!tro# a!" )a*e e8ercise progra$s1 a!" $a e*e! prescribe


9/20

"rugs to 2eep it i! c)ec2 @ou s)ou#" a#so )a*e regu#ar c)ec2ups Dietar co!tro# is a! i!tegra#

part o/ $a!age$e!t o/ t)e "iabetes patie!ts T)e per/ect "iet .ou#" be suc) t)at apart /ro$

pro*i"i!g t)e esse!tia#s o/ goo" !utritio!1 it s)ou#" be ope! to a"ust$e!ts /ro$ ti$e to ti$e /or

c)a!gi!g $etabo#ic !ee"s1 /or e8a$p#e "uri!g gro.t)1 preg!a!c1 #actatio! or $o"i/ie" acti*it

Be#o. are so$e o/ t)e gui"e#i!es /or "iabetic patie!ts regar"i!g t)eir $ea# p#a!!i!g

Diabetic patie!ts s)ou#" a#.as tr to re"uce o*era## /at +se oi#s or /oo"s t)at are )ig) i!

O$ega7; /att aci"1 suc) as o#i*e oi#1 rapesee"s oi#1 /#a8see" a!" /#a8see" oi# as t)e

reuire #o.er i!su#i! A*oi" /rie" /oo" Re/i!e" carbo)"rates a!" sugar s)ou#" be a*oi"e" as t)e i!crease t)e b#oo" sugar

i$$e"iate# >ruits s)ou#" be t)e $aor source o/ s.eet!ess i! our "iet1 as t)e are #o.

i! ca#ories1 )ig) i! /ibres1 a!" $a! ot)er $i!era#s a!" *ita$i!s .)ic) are esse!tia# /or

2eepi!g t)e bo" )ea#t) G#ce$ic I!"e8 s)o.s )o. $uc) our b#oo" sugar i!creases a/ter eati!g "i//ere!t /oo"s

3it) t)e )e#p o/ g#ce$ic aci"1 ou ca! a#.as 2eep t)e b#oo" sugar #e*e# u!"er co!tro#

as )ig)er g#ce$ic aci" $ea!s )ig)er b#oo" sugar #e*e#

Tr to $i!i$ie Protei! /ro$ our "iet as $uc) as ou ca! It is a#.as better to use

$eat substitutes or !o!7a!i$a# protei! /oo"s suc) as #egu$es to/u Legu$es are e8ce##e!t

as i!su#i! regu#ators Re" $eat s)ou#" be co$p#ete# a*oi"e" I!stea"1 t)e a$ou!t o/ /is)

s)ou#" be i!crease" i! our "iet So$e *egetab#es "ecrease t)e se*erit o/ "iabetes So$e o/ t)e$ are ce#er1 bitter $e#o!1

o!io!1 gar#ic1 asparagus a!" spi!ac)

No!7)ea#t) eati!g )abits i!crease our b#oo" g#ucose #e*e# @our $ea# p#a! s)ou#"

i!c#u"e )ea#t) /oo"s .)ic) are be!e/icia# i! c)ec2i!g our "iabetes a!" i/ !ot t)at t)e!

at #east .)ic) "o !ot i!crease it T)at is .)1 it is .ise to co!su#t .it) our "ieticia! to


10/20

$a2e a $ea# p#a! t)at /its t)e .a ou usua## eat1 t)at /its .it) our "ai# routi!e a!"

t)at "oes !ot co!/ro!t .it) our "iabetes $e"ici!es

!"ercise

T)e Tpe II "iabetes usua## occurs "uri!g t)e o#" age At t)is stage1 t)e pa!creas "oes !ot

pro"uce e!oug) i!su#i! to co!tro# t)e bo" g#ucose #e*e# A perso! "iag!ose" .it) tpe II

"iabetes is reco$$e!"e" e8ercise a!" .eig)t co!tro# T)ese t.o .as )e#p t)e perso! to

$a!age t)eir b#oo" sugar #e*e# I/ t)e abo*e t.o .as "o !ot .or21 t)e! so$e $e"icatio!s are

prescribe" b t)e "octor T)e perso! su//eri!g /ro$ tpe II "iabetes )as a ris2 o/ su//eri!g /ro$

i!acti*it1 )ig) c)o#estero#1 obesit1 a!" )perte!sio! I!acti*it or #ac2 o/ e8ercise is t)e $ai!

reaso! t)at causes "iabetes E8ercise )as a positi*e e//ect o! "iabetes tpe II .)ic) i$pro*es t)e

i!su#i! se!siti*it i! t)e perso!1 .)i#e tpe I ca!!ot be co!tro##e" t)roug) a! e8ercise progra$

a#o!e As $a! as C0J peop#e su//er /ro$ tpe II "iabetes Si!ce e8ercise causes t)e bo" to

process t)e g#ucose /aster .)ic) )e#ps i! #o.eri!g t)e b#oo" sugar #e*e#1 t)e i!te!se e8ercise

)e#ps t)e bo" to uti#ie g#ucose /aster

3or2i!g i! co##aborati*e care .it) a p)siot)erapist to pro$ote e8ercise a!" p)sica# acti*it

is i$porta!t T)e p)siot)erapist .i## assess eac) i!"i*i"ua#s #e*e# o/ acti*it a!" .)at )eKs)e

ca! to#erate

Ho.e*er1 it is )ig)# reco$$e!"ab#e t)at be/ore a! e8ercise progra$1 co!su#t our "octor to

$a2e it $ore e//ecti*e It is a#so i$porta!t to u!"ersta!" t)e "a!gers o/ i!ecti!g i!su#i!

i$$e"iate# prior to e8ercise A perso! .it) tpe I "iabetes i!ects t)e !or$a# a$ou!t o/ i!su#i!


11/20

/or a se"e!tar situatio! No.1 t)is $a so$eti$es pose t)e ris2 o/ )pog#cae$ia or i!su#i!

s)oc2 "uri!g e8ercise It is reco$$e!"e" t)at a perso! su//eri!g /ro$ tpe I "iabetes $ust ta2e

a"euate rest "uri!g t)e e8ercise T)is .i## /urt)er )e#p to pre*e!t )ig) b#oo" pressure T)e

perso! .)o is e8ercisi!g $ust a*oi" )ea* .eig)t #i/ti!g1 a!" co!su$e carbo)"rates i!

bet.ee!

I! case t)e b#oo" sugar #e*e#s goes "o.!1 t)e i!"i*i"ua# $a /ee# s)a21 "isorie!te"1

)u!gr1 a!8ious1 a!" irritab#e or e8perie!ce tre$b#i!g Ha*i!g a carbo)"rate s!ac2 or be*erage

stops t)ese s$pto$s i! $i!utes ,)ec2 our b#oo" sugar #e*e# be/ore e8ercisi!g a!" $a2e

sure t)at it is !ot be#o. !or$a# ra!ge

T)e b#oo" #e*e# s)ou#" be c)ec2e" o! regu#ar i!ter*a#s1 It $a be teste" be/ore1 "uri!g1 a/ter

t)ree to /i*e )ours a/ter e8ercise Duri!g t)is perio" it is goo" to co!su$e carbo)"rates to

pre*e!t )pog#cae$ia Peop#e .it) tpe I "iabetes $ust 2eep carbo)"rate supp#e$e!ts to

pre*e!t risi!g b#oo" sugar #e*e#s It $ai!tai!s t)e e!erg #e*e# b pro*i"i!g stre!gt) to t)e

perso! It is best to co!su#t a goo" "octor to cure bot) tpes o/ "iabetics as )e ca! best

reco$$e!" t)e "iet a!" e8ercise #e*e# t)at ou $ust /o##o.

Treatment#$edication

T)e $aor goa# i! treati!g "iabetes is to $i!i$ie a! e#e*atio! o/ b#oo" sugar g#ucoseF .it)out

causi!g ab!or$a## #o. #e*e#s o/ b#oo" sugar Tpe & "iabetes is treate" .it) i!su#i!1e8ercise1

a!" a "iabetic "iet Tpe ' "iabetes is treate" /irst .it) .eig)t re"uctio!1 a "iabetic "iet1 a!"

e8ercise 3)e! t)ese $easures /ai# to co!tro# t)e e#e*ate" b#oo" sugars1 ora# $e"icatio!s are

use" I/ ora# $e"icatio!s are sti## i!su//icie!t1 treat$e!t .it) i!su#i! is co!si"ere"
http://www.medicinenet.com/insulin/article.htmhttp://www.medicinenet.com/exercise/article.htmhttp://www.medicinenet.com/exercise/article.htmhttp://www.medicinenet.com/diabetic_diet/article.htmhttp://www.medicinenet.com/insulin/article.htmhttp://www.medicinenet.com/exercise/article.htmhttp://www.medicinenet.com/diabetic_diet/article.htm


12/20

A")ere!ce to a "iabetic "iet is a! i$porta!t aspect o/ co!tro##i!g e#e*ate" b#oo" sugar i! patie!ts

.it) "iabetes T)e A$erica! Diabetes Associatio! ADAF )as pro*i"e" gui"e#i!es /or a "iabetic

"iet T)e ADA "iet is a ba#a!ce"1 !utritious "iet t)at is #o. i! /at1 c)o#estero#1 a!" si$p#e sugars

T)e tota# "ai# ca#ories are e*e!# "i*i"e" i!to t)ree $ea#s I! t)e past t.o ears1 t)e ADA )as

#i/te" t)e abso#ute ba! o! si$p#e sugars S$a## a$ou!ts o/ si$p#e sugars are a##o.e" .)e!

co!su$e" .it) a co$p#e8 $ea#

3eig)t re"uctio! a!" e8ercise are i$porta!t treat$e!ts /or "iabetes 3eig)t re"uctio! a!"

e8ercise i!crease t)e bo"4s se!siti*it to i!su#i!1 t)us )e#pi!g to co!tro# b#oo" sugar e#e*atio!s

Base" o! .)at is 2!o.!1 $e"icatio!s /or tpe ' "iabetes are "esig!e" to:

I!crease t)e i!su#i! output b t)e pa!creas1

Decrease t)e a$ou!t o/ g#ucose re#ease" /ro$ t)e #i*er1

I!crease t)e se!siti*it respo!seF o/ ce##s to i!su#i!1

Decrease t)e absorptio! o/ carbo)"rates /ro$ t)e i!testi!e1 a!"

S#o. e$pti!g o/ t)e sto$ac) to "e#a t)e prese!tatio! o/ carbo)"rates /or "igestio!

a!" absorptio! i! t)e s$a## i!testi!e

3)e! se#ecti!g t)erap /or tpe ' "iabetes1 co!si"eratio! s)ou#" be gi*e! to:

T)e $ag!itu"e o/ c)a!ge i! b#oo" sugar co!tro# t)at eac) $e"icatio! .i## pro*i"e

Ot)er coe8isti!g $e"ica# co!"itio!s )ig) b#oo" pressure1)ig) c)o#estero#1 etcF

A"*erse e//ects o/ t)e t)erap

,o!trai!"icatio!s to t)erap

Issues t)at $a a//ect co$p#ia!ce ti$i!g o/ $e"icatio!1 /reue!c o/ "osi!gF a!" ,ost to t)e patie!t a!" t)e )ea#t) care sste$

It4s i$porta!t to re$e$ber t)at i/ a "rug ca! pro*i"e $ore t)a! o!e be!e/it #o.er b#oo" sugar

a!" )a*e a be!e/icia# e//ect o! c)o#estero#1 /or e8a$p#eF1 it s)ou#" be pre/erre" It4s a#so
http://www.medicinenet.com/cholesterol_management/article.htmhttp://www.medicinenet.com/high_blood_pressure_hypertension/article.htmhttp://www.medicinenet.com/high_blood_pressure_hypertension/article.htmhttp://www.medicinenet.com/cholesterol_management/article.htmhttp://www.medicinenet.com/high_blood_pressure_hypertension/article.htm


13/20

i$porta!t to bear i! $i!" t)at t)e cost o/ "rug t)erap is re#ati*e# s$a## co$pare" to t)e cost o/

$a!agi!g t)e #o!g7ter$ co$p#icatio!s associate" .it) poor# co!tro##e" "iabetes

?ari!g co$bi!atio!s o/ $e"icatio!s a#so are use" to correct ab!or$a## e#e*ate" #e*e#s o/

b#oo" g#ucose i! "iabetes As t)e #ist o/ $e"icatio!s co!ti!ues to e8pa!"1 treat$e!t optio!s /or

tpe ' "iabetes ca! be better tai#ore" to $eet a! i!"i*i"ua#s !ee"s Not e*er patie!t .it) tpe '

"iabetes .i## be!e/it /ro$ e*er "rug1 a!" !ot e*er "rug is suitab#e /or eac) patie!t Patie!ts

.it) tpe ' "iabetes s)ou#" .or2 c#ose# .it) t)eir p)sicia!s to ac)ie*e a! approac) t)at

pro*i"es t)e greatest be!e/its .)i#e $i!i$ii!g ris2s

Treatment of diabetes with ins%lin

I!su#i!is t)e $ai!sta o/ treat$e!t /or patie!ts .it) tpe & "iabetes I!su#i! is a#so i$porta!t i!

tpe ' "iabetes .)e! b#oo" g#ucose #e*e#s ca!!ot be co!tro##e" b "iet1 .eig)t #oss1 e8ercise1 a!"

ora# $e"icatio!s

I"ea##1 i!su#i! s)ou#" be a"$i!istere" i! a $a!!er t)at $i$ics t)e !atura# patter! o/ i!su#i!

secretio! b a )ea#t) pa!creas )o.e*er1 t)e co$p#e8 patter! o/ i!su#i! secretio! b t)e

pa!creas is "i//icu#t to "up#icate Sti##1 a"euate b#oo" g#ucose co!tro# ca! be ac)ie*e" .it)

care/u# atte!tio! to "iet1 regu#ar e8ercise1 )o$e b#oo" g#ucose $o!itori!g1 a!" $u#tip#e i!su#i!

i!ectio!s t)roug)out t)e "a Ta2i!g care o/ our "iabetes .it) care/u# )o$e care a!"

$o!itori!gassists i! co!tro##i!g b#oo" sugar #e*e#s a!" e//ecti*e "iabetes treat$e!t

I! t)e past1 t)e i!su#i! .as bei!g "eri*e" /ro$ a!i$a# sources1 particu#ar# co.s a!" pigs Not

o!# .as t)ere a prob#e$ .it) e!oug) supp# o/ i!su#i! to $eet t)e "e$a!"1 but bee/ a!" por2
http://www.medicinenet.com/insulin/article.htmhttp://www.medicinenet.com/diabetic_home_care_and_monitoring/article.htmhttp://www.medicinenet.com/diabetic_home_care_and_monitoring/article.htmhttp://www.medicinenet.com/insulin/article.htmhttp://www.medicinenet.com/diabetic_home_care_and_monitoring/article.htmhttp://www.medicinenet.com/diabetic_home_care_and_monitoring/article.htm


14/20

i!su#i! a#so )a" speci/ic prob#e$s Origi!ati!g /ro$ a!i$a#s1 t)ese tpes o/ i!su#i! cause"

i$$u!e reactio!s i! so$e peop#e Patie!ts .ou#" beco$e i!to#era!t or resista!t to a!i$a#

i!su#i! 3it) t)e acce#eratio! o/ scie!ti/ic researc) i! t)e #atter )a#/ o/ t)e t.e!tiet) ce!tur1 bee/

a!" por2 i!su#i! .ere rep#ace" b )u$a! i!su#i! I! &C991 t)e ge!e /or )u$a! i!su#i! .as

c#o!e"1 a!" t)roug) $o"er! tec)!o#og1 $a!u/acture" )u$a! i!su#i! .as $a"e a*ai#ab#e

Hu$a! i!su#i! is !o. .i"e# use"

I!su#i! co$es i! a *ariet o/ preparatio!s t)at "i//er i! t)e a$ou!t o/ ti$e /o##o.i!g i!ectio!

u!ti# t)e begi! to .or2 a!" t)e "uratio! o/ t)eir actio! Because o/ t)ese "i//ere!ces1

co$bi!atio!s o/ i!su#i! are o/te! use" to a##o. /or a $ore tai#ore" regi$e! o/ b#oo" sugar

co!tro# T)e tpes o/ i!su#i! curre!t# i! use are as /o##o.s:

&apid'acting ins%linsbegi! to ta2e e//ect ( $i!utes a/ter a"$i!istratio! T)eir pea2

e//ect occurs i! about & )our1 a!" t)e co!ti!ue to )a*e a! e//ect /or ' to - )ours tota#

E8a$p#es are i!su#i! #ispro1 i!su#i! aspart1 a!" i!su#i! g#iu#isi!e

&eg%lar ins%linsta2es e//ect .it)i! ;0 $i!utes1 pea2 at ' to ; )ours a/ter i!ectio!1 a!"

is e//ecti*e /or ; to 6 )ours tota# (ntermediate'acting ins%linstpica## )a*e a! e//ect about ' to - )ours a/ter i!ectio!1

pea2 - to &' )ours #ater1 a!" are e//ecti*e /or about &' to &= )ours )ong'acting ins%linsta2e e//ect .it)i! 6 to &0 )ours T)e are usua## e//ecti*e /or '0 to

'- )ours T)e t.o #o!g7acti!g i!su#i! a!a#ogues g#argi!e a!" "ete$ir ge!era## #o.er

g#ucose #e*e#s /air# e*e!# o*er a '-7)our perio"


15/20

Diabetes *oot +are

3)e! ou )a*e "iabetes1 proper /oot care is *er i$porta!t Poor /oot care $a #ea" to

a$putatio! o/ a /oot or #eg

As a perso! .it) "iabetes1 ou are $ore *u#!erab#e to /oot prob#e$s1 because "iabetes ca!

"a$age our !er*es a!" re"uce b#oo" /#o. to our /eet T)e A$erica! Diabetes Associatio!

esti$ates t)at o!e i! /i*e peop#e .it) "iabetes .)o see2 )ospita# care "o so /or /oot prob#e$s

B ta2i!g proper care o/ our /eet1 $ost serious )ea#t) prob#e$s associate" .it) "iabetes ca! be

pre*e!te" @our "octor .i## c)ec2 our /eet eac) ear /or a! prob#e$s

Wash and Dry Your Feet Daily

Use mild soaps

+se .ar$ .ater

Pat our s2i! "r "o !ot rub T)oroug)# "r our /eet

A/ter .as)i!g1 use #otio! o! our /eet to pre*e!t crac2i!g Do !ot put #otio! bet.ee!

our toes

Examine Your Feet Each Day


16/20

,)ec2 t)e tops a!" botto$s o/ our /eet Ha*e so$eo!e e#se #oo2 at our /eet i/ ou

ca!!ot see t)e$

,)ec2 /or "r1 crac2e" s2i!

Loo2 /or b#isters1 cuts1 scratc)es1 or ot)er sores

,)ec2 /or re"!ess1 i!crease" .ar$t)1 or te!"er!ess .)e! touc)i!g a! area o/ our /eet ,)ec2 /or i!gro.! toe!ai#s1 cor!s1 a!" ca##uses

I/ ou get a b#ister or sore /ro$ our s)oes1 "o !ot pop it App# a ba!"age a!" .ear a

"i//ere!t pair o/ s)oes

Take Care of Your Toenails

,ut toe!ai#s a/ter bat)i!g1 .)e! t)e are so/t ,ut toe!ai#s straig)t across a!" s$oot) .it) a !ai# /i#e

A*oi" cutti!g i!to t)e cor!ers o/ toes

Do !ot cut cutic#es

@ou $a .a!t a po"iatrist /oot "octorF to cut our toe!ai#s

Be Careful When Exercising

3a#2 a!" e8ercise i! co$/ortab#e s)oes Do !ot e8ercise .)e! ou )a*e ope! sores o! our /eet

Protect Your Feet ith !hoes and !ocks

Ne*er go bare/oot A#.as protect our /eet b .eari!g s)oes or )ar"7so#e" s#ippers or

/oot.ear

A*oi" s)oes .it) )ig) )ee#s a!" poi!te" toes

A*oi" s)oes t)at e8pose our toes or )ee#s suc) as ope!7toe" s)oes or sa!"a#sF T)ese

tpes o/ s)oes i!crease our ris2 /or i!ur a!" pote!tia# i!/ectio!s Tr o! !e. /oot.ear .it) t)e tpe o/ soc2s ou usua## .ear

Do !ot .ear !e. s)oes /or $ore t)a! a! )our at a ti$e

,)a!ge our soc2s "ai#


17/20

Loo2 a!" /ee# i!si"e our s)oes be/ore putti!g t)e$ o! to $a2e sure t)ere are !o /oreig!

obects or roug) areas

A*oi" tig)t soc2s

3ear !atura#7/iber soc2s cotto!1 .oo#1 or a cotto!7.oo# b#e!"F

3ear specia# s)oes i/ our )ea#t) care pro*i"er reco$$e!"s t)e$ 3ear s)oesKboots t)at .i## protect our /eet /ro$ *arious .eat)er co!"itio!s co#"1

$oisture1 etcF

Ma2e sure our s)oes /it proper# I/ ou )a*e !europat)!er*e "a$ageF1 ou $a !ot

!otice t)at our s)oes are too tig)t Per/or$ t)e /oot.ear test "escribe" be#o.

,imple Healthy living Tips

Eat )ea#t)

E8ercise

Regu#ar scree!i!g

Proper >oot care

Ta2e $e"icatio! as prescribe"

Tr !ot to get cuts or bruises

Get e!oug) rest a!" a"euate s#eep

E!o #eisure acti*ities Lear! to u!"ersta!" a!" accept our /ee#i!gs1 a!" #i*e .e##

3ear "iabetic brace#et at a## ti$es i/ a*ai#ab#e

+omplications from diabetes fall into two ma-or categories:

Acute

,)ro!ic
http://www.webmd.com/content/article/46/1667_50943http://www.webmd.com/content/article/46/1667_50943http://dtc.ucsf.edu/living-with-diabetes/complications/#acutehttp://dtc.ucsf.edu/living-with-diabetes/complications/#chronichttp://www.webmd.com/content/article/46/1667_50943http://dtc.ucsf.edu/living-with-diabetes/complications/#acutehttp://dtc.ucsf.edu/living-with-diabetes/complications/#chronic


18/20

Acute ,o$p#icatio!s

Serious1 #i/e7t)reate!i!g co$p#icatio!s ca! arise uic2# >ortu!ate#1 suc) co$p#icatio!s ca! go

a.a ust as uic2# i/ ou < a!" t)ose c#osest to ou 2!o. .)at to "o a!" )o. to "o it

Acute co$p#icatio!s arise /ro$ u!co!tro##e" )ig) b#oo" sugars )perg#ce$iaF a!" #o. b#oo"

sugars )pog#ce$iaF cause" b a $is$atc)i!g o/ a*ai#ab#e i!su#i! a!" !ee" I! s)ort1 ou

eit)er )a*e ta2e! too $uc) "iabetes $e"icatio! or too #itt#e

So$eacute co$p#icatio!s reuire immediate$e"ica# atte!tio!

These emergencies include"

Hpog#cae$ia

Hperg#cae$ic Hperos$o#ar State HHSF

Diabetic etoaci"osis DA F

,)ro!ic ,o$p#icatio!s

,)ro!ic co$p#icatio!s te!" to arise o*er ears or "eca"es O/te!1 t)ere is "a$age be/ore t)ere

are s$pto$s so routi!e scree!i!g is reco$$e!"e" to catc) a!" treat prob#e$s be/ore t)e

occur or get .orse

Pro#lems include"

?isio! #oss or b#i!"!ess

i"!e "a$age or /ai#ure
http://dtc.ucsf.edu/living-with-diabetes/complications/hypoglycemia/http://dtc.ucsf.edu/living-with-diabetes/complications/hyperglycemic-hyperosmolar-states/http://dtc.ucsf.edu/living-with-diabetes/complications/diabetic-ketoacidosis/http://dtc.ucsf.edu/living-with-diabetes/complications/individual-complications/eye-complications/http://dtc.ucsf.edu/living-with-diabetes/complications/individual-complications/kidney-complications/http://dtc.ucsf.edu/living-with-diabetes/complications/hypoglycemia/http://dtc.ucsf.edu/living-with-diabetes/complications/hyperglycemic-hyperosmolar-states/http://dtc.ucsf.edu/living-with-diabetes/complications/diabetic-ketoacidosis/http://dtc.ucsf.edu/living-with-diabetes/complications/diabetic-ketoacidosis/http://dtc.ucsf.edu/living-with-diabetes/complications/individual-complications/eye-complications/http://dtc.ucsf.edu/living-with-diabetes/complications/individual-complications/kidney-complications/


19/20

Ner*e pai! a!" "a$age

Heart a!" b#oo" *esse# "isease

Hig) b#oo" pressure

De!ta# prob#e$s

Ha!" prob#e$s

>oot prob#e$s

Re/ere!ce
http://dtc.ucsf.edu/living-with-diabetes/complications/individual-complications/nerve-complications/http://dtc.ucsf.edu/living-with-diabetes/complications/individual-complications/heart-disease-stroke/http://dtc.ucsf.edu/living-with-diabetes/complications/individual-complications/blood-pressure-complications/http://dtc.ucsf.edu/living-with-diabetes/complications/individual-complications/mouth-complications/http://dtc.ucsf.edu/living-with-diabetes/complications/individual-complications/hand-arm-complications/http://dtc.ucsf.edu/living-with-diabetes/complications/individual-complications/foot-complications/http://dtc.ucsf.edu/living-with-diabetes/complications/individual-complications/nerve-complications/http://dtc.ucsf.edu/living-with-diabetes/complications/individual-complications/heart-disease-stroke/http://dtc.ucsf.edu/living-with-diabetes/complications/individual-complications/blood-pressure-complications/http://dtc.ucsf.edu/living-with-diabetes/complications/individual-complications/mouth-complications/http://dtc.ucsf.edu/living-with-diabetes/complications/individual-complications/hand-arm-complications/http://dtc.ucsf.edu/living-with-diabetes/complications/individual-complications/foot-complications/


20/20

Complication. (2014). Retrieved from Diabetes Teaching Center at the Universit of

California! "an #rancisco$ http$%%dtc.&csf.ed&%living'ith'

diabetes%complications%

Debra an*ella! R. (2014! +&ne 11). ,hat is Diabetes. Retrieved from -bo&tealth$

http$%%diabetes.abo&t.com%od%hatisdiabetes%p%hatisdiabetes.htm

elissa Conrad "t/ppler! . (201! -pril 04). Diabetes treatment. Retrieved from

edicineet.com$

http$%%.medicinenet.com%diabetestreatment%page3.htmtreatmentofdi

abetesithins&lin

,ebD. (2003). Retrieved from Diabetes #oot Care$

http$%%.ebmd.com%diabetes%caring'feet

diabetes health promtion plan

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