diabetes by evelyn stone, rn. bsn.,m.ed.. what is diabetes? diabetes is a disease affecting how your...
TRANSCRIPT
Diabetes
By Evelyn Stone, RN. BSN.,M.Ed.
What is Diabetes?
Diabetes is a disease affecting how your body makes insulin
How your body uses sugar
Insulin is a hormone
Insulin helps the body use sugar
Hyperglycemia
Causes: Too much food, too little insulin, illness or stress
Onset: Gradual, may progress to diabetic coma
Blood Sugar: above 150 mg/dl
acceptable range: 70 -150
Two Types of Diabetes
Type 1 – usually happens in children
Type 2 - happens after age 30 or 40
but usually happen younger
Why Take Care of Diabetes?
Make you feel bad Cause other health problems Can hurt your eyes, heart, kidneys, and
nerves Blood circulation Teeth and gums
Why Healthy Eating
Reach and stay at a weight that is good for the body
Keep blood sugar in range
Prevent heart and blood vessel disease
Meal Plan
Eat a variety of foods that your body get nutrition
Eat food from the pyramid food group
Refrain from eating sweets and sugar
Food Pyramid
Milk & milk products
Meat, chicken, fish, beans, cheese & eggs
Fruits & vegetables
Bread, Cereal, Rice, Noodles, & potatoes
Diabetes Medicines
Name your diabetes medicine, the dose and when you should take it.
Explain how the medicine works and there are any side effects.
If you use insulin you should be able to draw up and give an insulin injection using the correct sites and rotation.
If you don’t use insulin or take diabetes pills
Many people with Type2 diabetes don’t have to use insulin or take diabetes pills.
If you take diabetes pills
If you have Type 2 diabetes your doctor may prescribe diabetes pills. Diabetes pills only work in people whose bodies make some insulin of their own. Diabetes pills are not the same as insulin.
Get regular exercise
Exercise is good for your diabetes. Walking, swimming, dancing riding a bicycle, playing baseball, and bowling are all good ways to exercise
Exercise helps keep weight down. Exercise helps insulin work better to lower
blood sugar. Exercise is good for your heart and lungs. Exercise gives you more energy.
Things to know about your insulin
Type Source Brand Expiration Date Storage
Type
There are 5 main types of insulin Humalog (also called Lispro) R (also called regular) N (also called NPH) 70/30 U (also called ultralente)
Humalog Insulin
How it acts - very fast
Starts to work in 15 minutes
Peaks in… ½ to 1 ½ hours
Lasts… 5 hours or less
Regular Insulin
Acts fast
Works in ½ hours
Peaks in 2-4 hours
Lasts 6-8 hours
NPH
Acts slowly
Starts to work in 1-3 hours
Peaks in 6-12 hours
Lasts 18- 26 hours
U
Very slowly
Work in 4-8 hours
Peaks in12-18 hours
Lasts 24-28 hours
Different Diabetic Pills
Brand name (generic name) Glucotrol and Glucotrol XL (glipizide) Micronase Diabeta Glynase Glyburide Amaryl (Glimpiride Prandin Repaglinide Glucophage Metformin Precose Acarbose Glyset (miglitol) Rezulin troglitazone Avandia Rosiglitazone Actos pioglitazone
Brands of Insulin
Lily
Novo Nordisk
Site Selection and Rotation
Injected into the soft, fatty tissue between the skin and muscle.
Stomach - except the waistline and 2 inches around the navel
Upper thighs (front and outside) Upper outer arms Buttocks
Storage of Insulin
Do not let it freeze.
Keep it between 36 and 86F
Keep it away from heat and sunlight.
When to Take Insulin
The Physician will write order & give time of day to give insulin
It may be given before breakfast, before lunch, before supper, at bedtime or a combination such as before breakfast and before supper.
Insulin Syringes
For injecting insulin
Site Selection and Rotation
Insulin should be injected into the soft, fatty tissue between your skin and muscle.
Stomach (except the waistline and 2 inches around the navel)
Upper thighs (front and outside) Upper outer arms Buttocks
Insulin Syringe Disposal
Never throw loose needles or lancets into the trash.
Used needles and lancets are to be disposed of into hard plastic or metal container with a screw on – top (example: Soda bottle or bleach bottle). mark the container “used syringes and lancets”.
Place the container into the trash. Do not put it in the recycle bin.
What is Normal Blood Sugar Level?
Normal range - 70 to 110
Blood sugar goes up after eating, but returns to the normal range in 1 or 2 hours.
(Continued)
Everyone is different. A good blood sugar range for every one may be different
For example, a blood sugar of 80 may be too low for some people.
Low Blood Sugar
Low blood sugar can come on fast.
Blood sugar reading lower than 70 is to low.
If you give insulin or diabetic pill to a client low blood sugar can happen.
Low Blood Sugar (continued) Take too much diabetes medicine( pills or
insulin) Miss or delay a meal or snack Exercise too much Drink too much alcohol Other medicines can cause blood sugar to drop
Symptoms of Low Blood Sugar
Shaky or nervous Faint or mixed up Dizzy Grouchy, unhappy Hungry Tired Sweaty Headache If blood sugar drops lower, one can get very
confused, sleepy, or irritable, or may pass out or have a seizure.
What Cause High Blood Sugar?
Not giving diabetes medicine Eat too much of the wrong kinds of food Not enough exercise Stressed or upset Sick or have an infection Other medicine may cause high blood
sugar
To many carbohydrates
Certain medications
Symptoms of High Blood Sugar
Very thirsty or have a dry mouth Frequent urination Blurry vision or problems seeing Very weak and tired Very hungry Naseau & vomiting
Documenting the Blood Sugar Reading
Always document on the MAR or the special glucose monitoring sheet
Document in the progress notes
Medical Follow Up
Always inform the doctor if there are problems
Call the administrator for directions
Call the Nurse if there are questions
Conclusion
Always remember to check the blood sugar as ordered by the doctor
Keep OJ and sugar available in the event of low blood sugar
Always monitor what the client is eating Remember to call 911 if the client goes
into insulin shock or diabetic coma Remember to inform the doctor of
changes in blood sugar levels
Other Services
“Q” professional services for group homes
Medication Administration Mental Illness Medication Aide RN Instructor for Medication Aide Blood Borne Pathogens Client’s Rights
Other Services (continued)
Developmental Disabilities Incidents Seizure Management Group Homes Policy and Procedure
Manual Preventing Client Abuse
To Contact Instructor
Evelyn Stone
1008-F Big Oak Court
Knightdale, NC 27545
(919) 266-7050
(919) 266-7052 Faxwww.qprofessionalmeantalhealthservice.com
Email: [email protected]