diabetes
DESCRIPTION
Diabetes MellitusTRANSCRIPT
Presented by:AMNA
AZEEMA
NOUREEN
SIDRA
Enumerate different tests used for the diagnosis of Diabetes mellitus
Discuss criteria diagnosis of Diabetes mellitus
Discuss oral glucose tolerence test Discuss gesational Diabetes
mellitus(GTD) and its diagnosis
Learning Objectives
A group of metabolic diseases characterized by hyperglycemia resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action or both.
The chronic hyperglycemia of diabetes is associated with the long term damage, dysfunction and failure of different organs, especially the eyes, kidneys, nerves, heart and blood vessels.
Diabetes mellitus
NORMAL VALUES:Impaired Fasting Glucose(IFG)•FPG: 100 to 125mg/dl (5.6 to 6.9 mmol/l)
Impaired Glucose Tolerance (IGT): •FPG =less than 7.0mmol/l (<126mg/dl)•2-hrs PG in 75-g OGTT =140 to 199 mg/dl (7.8 to 11.0mmol/l)
Glycosylated Hemoglobin(HBA1c): 5.7 – 6.4%
Fasting Plasma glucose Random Plasma Glucose 75g Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT)
Blood Glucose Tests
Fasting Plasma Glucose:
is a test that can be used to help diagnose diabetes or pre-diabetes.
FPG= 3.3-5.6mmol/l (60 - 100mg/dl): NFG
FPG= 5.6-6.9mmol/l (100 -125mg/dl): IFG
FPG= ≥7.0mmol/l (≥126): Diabetes
Random Plasma Glucose :
Only helpful in emergencies, Not useful in screening / diagnosis
RPG 3.3- 11.1 mmol/l (60-200mg/dl)
Fasting Glucose Test
A fasting plasma glucose test, also known as a fasting glucose test (FGT), is a test that can be used to help diagnose diabetes or pre-diabetes.
75g Oral glucose Tolerance Test
Test is performed in the morning after 6 – 14 hrs fast
Individual should remain seated during test without
smoking cigarette.
Test should begin between 0700 to 0900 hrs.
75g Glucose or 7.5g/Kg body weight is dissolved in 300
ml of water
Glucose in ingested over 5 minutes
Plasma glucose is measured during fasting followed by
Every one hour for 2hrs after an oral glucose load.
PROCEDURE
Test is not performed on hospitalized, acutely ill or
inactive subject
Test is performed only in ambulatory subjects
After 3 days of unrestricted diet ( at least 150 g
of CHO / day ) and activity
PRECAUTIONS
2hPG <7.8 mmol/L(< 140mg/dl):
Normal
2hPG 7.8-11.0 mmol/L(140 – 199mg/dl):
Impaired Glucose Tolerance
2hPG >11.1 mmol/L(> 200mg/dl):
Diabetes Mellitus
75g OGTT: Interpretation
Non enzymatic binding of glucose to Haemoglobin alpha chains•Hb A1a/b/c (97%)•HbA 2 (2.5%)•HbF (0.5%)Expressed as the percent of total hemoglobin •<5.7%: normal•5.7 – 6.4%: Prediabetes•≥ 6.5%: DiabetesIt reflects mean blood glucose over the past 2-3 monthsHelpful in management in known diabetics
Glycosylated Haemoglobin(HBA1c)
GDM is defined as any degree of glucose intolerance with onset or first recognition during pregnancy
In the majority of cases of GDM, glucose regulation will return to normal after delivery.
5) Gestational Diabetes mellitus(GTD)