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D i B i i C t d W ld C t d W ld Doing Business in a Connected World Connected World The Impact of Cybersecurity, Data Privacy and Social Media J if A H d Litigation in the Digital Age Rb JKi M h HM lj Jennif er A. Handa Director of Legal Services, Ethics and Compliance Accenture Robert J. Kriss Partner Mayer Brown LLP Matthew H. Marmolejo Partner Mayer Brown LLP

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D i B i i C t d W ldC t d W ldDoing Business in a Connected WorldConnected WorldThe Impact of Cybersecurity, Data Privacy and Social Media

J if A H d

Litigation in the Digital Age

R b J K i M h H M l jJennifer A. HandaDirector of Legal Services, Ethics and ComplianceAccenture

Robert J. KrissPartnerMayer Brown LLP

Matthew H. MarmolejoPartnerMayer Brown LLP

Jennifer A. HandaDirector of Legal Services, Ethics and Compliance

Robert J. KrissPartnerMayer Brown LLP

Matthew H. MarmolejoPartnerMayer Brown LLPp

Accenturey y

2

Data Breach Class Actions: Entering Uncharted Waters

• Standing• Standing

• Causes of action

A f di i l• Arguments for dismissal

• Class certification

• Damages 

• Risk mitigation

3

Standing: The Wall May Be Crumbling

• Clapper Injury must be actual or certainly• Clapper−Injury must be actual or certainly impending.

• Neiman Marcus−Evidence of misuse as to someNeiman Marcus Evidence of misuse as to some may be enough to establish standing as to all.

• No evidence of misuse−Probably no standing.

• Incurring cost to prevent future harm−Probably no standing.

• Credit card fraud−Unclear whether must allege unreimbursed loss.

• Issuing banks likely will have standing.     4

Causes of Action

• Actual economic loss is an element of many causes of action• Actual economic loss is an element of many causes of action.

• Plaintiffs may have standing but no cause of action.

Pl i iff i l i f j i h d• Plaintiffs are asserting claims for unjust enrichment and declaratory judgment/affirmative injunction to avoid economic loss requirement. 

• State consumer fraud act claims with allegations of small  out‐of‐pocket losses.

• State consumer fraud act claims andFTC v. Wyndham.   

5

Arguments for Dismissal

• No unjust enrichment claim based upon overcharge theory• No unjust enrichment claim based upon overcharge theory where cost of goods or services is the same whether paid in cash or credit.

• No unjust enrichment claim based upon overcharge theory, because allegation of overcharge is vague and conclusory.

• No unjust enrichment claim based upon fraudulently induced purchase theory, because unjust enrichment should not apply to misrepresentationenrichment should not apply to misrepresentation scenarios; restitution remedy is inappropriate.

6

Arguments for Dismissal (cont.)

• No standing for claim for declaratory judgment/affirmative• No standing for claim for declaratory judgment/affirmative injunction; facts not alleged to establish that future data breach is “certainly impending.”

• No state consumer fraud act claim where statute does not include “unfair practices.”

• No state consumer fraud act claim where statute includes unfair practices, but FTC has not addressed the specific security shortfall at issuethe specific security shortfall at issue. 

7

Class Certification−Will the Courts Lower the Hurdle?

• Little precedent because most cases have been dismissed on• Little precedent, because most cases have been dismissed on standing grounds or have been settled.

• More cases are advancing beyond the pleading stage.More cases are advancing beyond the pleading stage.

• In at least one credit card fraud case, a class of banks has been certified, even though the court recognized the possibility of significant individualized issues of injury and damages.

• Precedent in non‐data breach class actions for fcertifying only the common issues.  

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Damages

• What types of losses are recoverable?• What types of losses are recoverable?

• Compensation for time spent to address breach?

R i f i di id l l i d f?• Requirement of individual claims and proof?

• How many class members would pursue individual claims?

• Will plaintiffs be able to develop class‐wide remedies?

Id tit f d t ti i d f• Identity fraud protection required for the class?

9

Risk Mitigation

• Increased likelihood that companies will have to defend class• Increased likelihood that companies will have to defend class actions on the merits.

• Increased importance of preparing a written informationIncreased importance of preparing a written information security plan and a data breach response plan. 

• Implementation of plans minimizes risk of breach and minimizes damages from breach.

• Equally important, plans serve as vital fevidence of reasonable pre‐breach conduct 

to defend against claims. 

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Risk Mitigation (cont.)

• Plans must be carefully prepared with litigation concerns in• Plans must be carefully prepared with litigation concerns in mind.

• Drafts and open‐ended consulting reports can be used againstDrafts and open ended consulting reports can be used against the company in litigation if recommendations are not followed.

• Important to select a credible and practical set of standards as the basis for the plan. 

11

Social Media: Setting the Baseline on Personal Information in Litigationg

• Institutionalization and normalization of social media during all• Institutionalization and normalization of social media during all aspects of the litigation process.

– Many courts now expect parties to exhaust social media avenues to locate defendants.

– Preservation orders are expected to include social media.• Potential adverse inferences when social media information is deleted• Potential adverse inferences when social media information is deleted• Sanctions against the party—or his attorney.

– Parties or counsel can obtain key information through social dimedia.

• Ethical considerations in using social media as an avenue to obtaining information concerning your case.

• Publicly available information can be critical–for you or your opponent.

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In re Curtis James Jackson III, No. 15-21233, U.S. Bankruptcy Court, District of Connecticut (Hartford)p y , ( )

• In July 2015 Curtis James Jackson III (aka “50 Cent”) filed for• In July 2015, Curtis James Jackson III (aka  50 Cent ) filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection.

• During the course of the proceeding, certain creditors of hisDuring the course of the proceeding, certain creditors of his discovered photos he had posted to his Instagram account, and they brought those photos to the attention of the court.

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50 Cent—Get Rich or Die Tryin’

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Social Media and Discovery

• Discovery involving social media is now commonplace• Discovery involving social media is now commonplace:– Discovery is much more difficult to obtain from social media providers, who often avoid production under the Stored Communications Act.

– Social media‐focused discovery should first be directed at the opposing party.opposing party.

• Must be narrowly tailored; courts routinely reject “digital fishing expeditions.”

• But, withholding of relevant information may lead to more broad socialBut, withholding of relevant information may lead to more broad social media discovery (and often does).

– The proliferation of enterprise social media.Social media as a source of customer contacts– Social media as a source of customer contacts.

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Social Media and Discovery (cont.)

• Privacy objections are routinely overruled• Privacy objections are routinely overruled. – Sending “private” messages through social media platforms has been routinely rejected.y j

• Does discovery of social media lead to “Pandora’s Box”? 

• With the proliferation of Instagram, Snapchat and Pinterest,With the proliferation of Instagram, Snapchat and Pinterest, there is an increased focus on photographic evidence:

“If a photograph is worth a thousand words, there is no better portrayal of what an individual’s life was like than those photographs the individual has chosen to share through social media before the occurrence of an accident 

i i j ”causing injury.”

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Social Media On the Go

• Social media avenues are increasingly likely to be accessed• Social media avenues are increasingly likely to be accessed from mobile devices, which creates additional concerns:

– Additional metadata may be available, including geolocation.Additional metadata may be available, including geolocation.

– Data on employee devices, including pictures and private conversations, likewise may be subject to discovery. 

• “Ephemeral” social media may lead to credibility issues.

17

Use of Social Media in Class Actions

• Increasingly the plaintiffs’ bar has turned to social media as a• Increasingly, the plaintiffs  bar has turned to social media as a mechanism to recruit potential class plaintiffs.

• Companies should actively monitor social networking sites to gain insights on:

– Substance of any potential claims and strategies.

– Possible estimation of the size and scope of the class and damages. 

– Identity of potential class members, which can save precious time in investigating the merits of any claim.investigating the merits of any claim.

– Perceived deficiencies in class settlement perpetuated by social media can delay approval of class settlements. 

• Notice of Class Settlement through social media.

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Social Media During Trial

• Social media has become a mainstay in prospective juror analytics• Social media has become a mainstay in prospective juror analytics.

– Insight into a juror’s background, employment and interests are foundational aspects of the jury selection process, and much of this information often can be gleaned through social media.

– This can also help identify potential conflicts of interest or bias.

Thi h l id i t i l• This can help avoid mistrial.

– Do not “Friend” jurors or follow their Twitter feeds

• Juror use of social media and jury instructionsJuror use of social media and jury instructions.

• Evidentiary concerns involving social media (authentication, hearsay, etc.).

19

Frequent Social Media in Litigation

• Social media has impacted how traditional claims are being• Social media has impacted how traditional claims are being asserted:  

– Copyright • Instagram’s widespread popularity has given rise to a variety of misappropriation claims.

– Defamation• Networking sites, like Yelp, have transformed the way that consumers approach the market, and business owners take their reputations on these sites serious (and will litigate).

– Trade Secret • The proliferation of social media has resulted in litigation testing the boundaries of traditional trade secret protections.

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Mayer Brown is a global legal services organization comprising legal practices that are separate entities ("Mayer Brown Practices"). The Mayer Brown Practices are: Mayer Brown LLP, a limited liability partnership established in the United States;  Mayer Brown International LLP, a limited liability partnership incorporated in England and Wales; Mayer Brown JSM, a Hong Kong partnership, and its associated entities in Asia; and Tauil & Chequer Advogados, a Brazilian law partnership with whichMayer Brown is associated. "Mayer Brown" and the Mayer Brown logo are the trademarks of the Mayer Brown Practices in their respective jurisdictions.