dhs-geocon ops

Homeland Security Geospatial Concept of Operations (GeoCONOPS)

Version 4.0 DRAFT | June 2012


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Revision RegisterPrefaceVersion Date Summary of Changes Name

1.0 06/30/09 Final Draft Department of Homeland Security, Office of Chief Information Officer (DHS OCIO)

2.0 06/28/10 Final Draft Department of Homeland Security, Office of Chief Information Officer (DHS OCIO), Office of Applied Technology, Geospatial Management Office




This draft Geospatial Concept of Operations (GeoCONOPS) has been developed as a starting point for understanding how the coordination of disaster response geospatial activities can be improved at the Federal level. The intended audience for this draft document are the geospatial communities that support emergency management activities of the Federal government under the National Response Framework (NRF). This includes individual Emergency Support Functions (ESFs), the Joint Field Offices (JFO) and operations centers, including the National Response Coordination Center (NRCC). Stakeholders and actors representing ESFs, operations centers, and involved in other NRF activities have been extensively engaged in providing input for this document.

When finalized, this GeoCONOPS is intended to serve as a guide to federal departments and agencies providing geospatial support under the Stafford Act. The Stafford Act describes the programs and processes by which the Federal Government provides disaster and emergency assistance to state and local governments, tribal nations, eligible private nonprofit organizations, and individuals affected by a declared major disaster or emergency.


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Table of ContentsTeam Members . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

1.0 Geospatial Concept of Operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71.1 Mission Statement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81.2 Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81.3 GeoCONOPS Community . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

1.3.1 State Authorities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111.3.2 Information Support Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111.3.3 Infrastructure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .121.3.4 Civil Support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .121.3.5 People . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .131.3.6 Operations/Coordination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13

1.4 Audience and Intended Use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141.5 Alignment with NIMS and NRF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141.6 Determination of Authorities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

2.0 Geospatial Requirements and Capabilities. . . . . . 192.1 Geospatial Mission Support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20

2.1.1 Coordination Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .202.1.2 Staffing Requirements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .212.1.3 Technology Requirements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .212.1.4 Geospatial Capabilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .22

2.2 Geospatial Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 222.2.1 Authoritative Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .222.2.2 Essential Elements of Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .23

2.3 Imagery and Derived Products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 232.3.1 Areas of Expertise. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .232.3.2 Operational Support. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .242.3.3 Authoritative Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .242.3.4 Specific Products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .25

2.4 Models . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 262.4.1 Areas of Expertise. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .26

2.4.2 Operational Support. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .272.4.3 Authoritative Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .272.4.4 Specific Products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .28

2.5 Field Data Collection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 292.5.1 Areas of Expertise. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .292.5.2 Operational Support. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .312.5.3 Authoritative Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .312.5.4 Specific Products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .31

2.6 Information Sharing and Data Dissemination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 312.6.1 Information Sharing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .312.6.2 Data Dissemination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .32

2.7 Geospatial Production and Delivery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 332.7.1 Production . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .332.7.2 Delivery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .34

3.0 PPD-8 Mission Areas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 353.1 Prevention Mission . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 363.2 Protection Mission. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 413.3 Mitigation Mission . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 443.4 Recovery Mission . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 523.5 Response Mission . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57

4.0 Disaster Operations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 634.1 DHS National Operations Center . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 644.2 DHS National Infrastructure Coordinating Center . . . . . . . . . . . 664.3 FEMA National Response Coordination Center . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 684.4 FEMA Regional Response Coordination Centers . . . . . . . . . . . . . 704.5 FEMA Joint Field Operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 724.6 FEMA Interim Operating Facility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76

5.0 Catastrophic Disasters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 795.1 Event Types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80

5.1.1 Natural Events . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .805.1.2 Man-Made Events . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .80


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Figure 1–1: GeoCONOPS Development Phases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8Figure 1–2: GeoCONOPS Community Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10Figure 1–3: State Authorities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11Figure 1–4: Information Support Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11Figure 1–5: Infrastructure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

5.2 The New Madrid Earthquake Scenario . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 805.2.1 Modeled Earthquake Impacts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .815.2.2 PPD-8 Mission Area Support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .835.2.3 Situational Awareness . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .96

5.3 The Lucas Oil Stadium Terror Scenario. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1035.3.1 Modeled Blast Impact. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1045.3.2 PPD-8 Mission Area Support. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1085.3.3 Situational Awareness . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116

Appendix A: Mission Engineering Methodology Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121

Appendix B: Authoritative Data Matrix . . . . . . . . . . . 123

Appendix C: Civil Support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165

Appendix D: DHS Intelligence & Analysis – Interagency Remote Sensing Coordination Cell. . . . 169

Appendix E: DHS OneView . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171

Appendix F: Actors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173

Appendix G: Referenced Documents . . . . . . . . . . . . 175

Appendix H: Related CONOPS/SOPs . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177

Appendix I: Acronyms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183

List of Figures

List of Best PracticesTable of Contents (continued)

Best Practices - FEMA Damage Polygons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26Best Practices - Disaster Clearinghouses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29Best Practices - Open Geospatial Consortium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30Best Practices - Homeland Security Information Network . . . . . . . . . 31Best Practices - National Information Exchange Model . . . . . . . . . . . 32Best Practices - Requests for Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33Best Practices - ENVAS for Environmental Assessments. . . . . . . . . . . 46Best Practices - USACE Commodities Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54Best Practices - FEMA Region VI Field Data Collection Tool. . . . . . . 55Best Practices - FEMA Post Katrina Damage Assessment for Individual Assistance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56Best Practices - Advisory Base Flood Elevations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57Best Practices - Search and Rescue Management. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60Best Practices - DHS OneView . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65Best Practices - HAZUS Concept of Operations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70Best Practices - Disaster Data and Production . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74Best Practices - Estimating Search and Rescue Requirements . . . . . . 87Best Practices - Modeling Socio-Economic Vulnerability . . . . . . . . . . 95Best Practices - USGS Earthquake Products & Situational Awareness . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102Best Practices - Interagency Modeling and Atmospheric Assessment Center . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109Best Practices - SAR Geo-Referencing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110


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Figure 1–6: Civil Support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12Figure 1–7: People. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13Figure 1–8: Operations/Coordination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13Figure 1–9: Federal Response - Stafford Act Support to States . . . . . 15Figure 2–1: Damage Assessment Maps - Nisqually Earthquake . . . . 23Figure 2–2: TCPED Process. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24Figure 2–3: Imagery Sample . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25Figure 2–4: Imagery-Derived Data Sample . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26Figure 4–1: Disaster Operations Reporting Structure . . . . . . . . . . . . 63Figure 4–2: Example JFO/GIU Organizational Chart . . . . . . . . . . . . 71Figure 4–3: Example IMAT Organizational Chart . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77Figure 5–1: Regional Ground Shaking Intensity from NMSZ Earthquake Scenario. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81Figure 5–2: Total Casualties from Scenario Earthquake . . . . . . . . . . 81Figure 5–3: Estimated Damage to General Building Stock . . . . . . . . 82Figure 5–4: Major Damage to River Crossing Bridges in NMSZ . . . 82Figure 5–5: Distribution of Water Outages on Day 1 in NMSZ . . . . . 82Figure 5–6: New Madrid Geospatial Activities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84Figure 5–7: New Madrid Geospatial Timeline . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85Figure 5–8: Geospatial Timeline – Recovery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94Figure 5–9: Three Initial IED Explosions within Stadium . . . . . . . . 104Figure 5–10: Large Vehicle Bomb (LVB) Explosion at Entrance. . . 104Figure 5–11: Public Transit IED Explosion at Indianapolis Amtrak . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104Figure 5–12: IED Explosion in Public Parking Lot. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104Figure 5–13: IED Explosion outside of Indiana University Hospital ER. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104Figure 5–14: Vehicle Restriction and Secure Perimeter including Checkpoints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105Figure A–1: Geospatial CONOPS Community Model . . . . . . . . . . . 122Figure C–1: Request For Assistance Process Decision Matrix . . . . . 166Figure E–1: DHS OneView . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172

List of Figures (continued)

Table 2–1: Geospatial Roles and Responsibilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20Table 2–2: Federal Geospatial Teams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22Table 2–3: Authoritative Data - Damage Assessment Mission - Imagery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25Table 2–4: Authoritative Data - Damage Assessment Mission - Modeling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28Table 2–5: Authoritative Data - Damage Assessment Mission - Ground Truth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30Table 3–1: Authoritative Data – Prevention Mission – FEMA Chemical Stockpile Emergency Preparedness Program . . . . . . . . . . . 37Table 3–2: Authoritative Data – Prevention Mission – FEMA Citizen Corps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38Table 3–3: Authoritative Data – Prevention Mission – FEMA Continuity of Operations Division . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39Table 3–4: Authoritative Data – Prevention Mission – FEMA Logistics Management Directorate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40Table 3–5: Authoritative Data – Prevention Mission – FEMA Public Affairs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41Table 3–6: Authoritative Data – Prevention Mission – FEMA Radiological Emergency Preparedness Program . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42Table 3–7: Authoritative Data – Protection Mission – FEMA Integrated Public Alert and Warning System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43Table 3–8: Authoritative Data – Mitigation Mission – FEMA Community Rating System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45Table 3–9: Authoritative Data – Mitigation Mission – FEMA Flood Mitigation Assistance Program . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45Table 3–10: Authoritative Data – Mitigation Mission – FEMA Hazard Mitigation Grant Program . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46Table 3–11: Authoritative Data – Mitigation Mission – FEMA HAZUS Program . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47Table 3–12: Authoritative Data – Mitigation Mission – FEMA Map Modernization Program. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48Table 3–13: Authoritative Data – Mitigation Mission – FEMA Mitigation Planning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49Table 3–14: Authoritative Data – Mitigation Mission – FEMA National Dam Safety Program . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49

List of Tables


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Table 3–15: Authoritative Data – Mitigation Mission – FEMA National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50Table 3–16: Authoritative Data – Mitigation Mission – FEMA Pre-Disaster Mitigation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50Table 3–17: Authoritative Data – Mitigation Mission – FEMA Repetitive Flood Claims . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50Table 3–18: Authoritative Data – Mitigation Mission – FEMA Risk Insurance Division . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51Table 3–19: Authoritative Data – Mitigation Mission – FEMA Severe Repetitive Loss . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51Table 3–20: Authoritative Data – Mitigation Mission – NIST Disaster Failures and Studies Program . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52Table 3–21: Authoritative Data - Recovery Mission - Public Assistance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53Table 3–22: Authoritative Data - Recovery Mission - Individual Assistance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55Table 3–23: Authoritative Data - Recovery Mission - Early Mitigation Efforts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57Table 3–24: Authoritative Data - Response Mission - SAR. . . . . . . . . 59Table 3–25: Authoritative Data - Response Mission - Critical Medical Support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61Table 3–26: Authoritative Data - Response Mission - Critical Food, Shelter, and Water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62Table 4–1: Authoritative Data - Disaster Operations - NOC . . . . . . . 64Table 4–2: Authoritative Data - Disaster Operations - NICC. . . . . . . 68Table 4–3: Authoritative Data - Disaster Operations - NRCC . . . . . . 69Table 4–4: Authoritative Data - Disaster Operations - RRCC . . . . . . 72Table 4–5: Authoritative Data - Disaster Operations - JFO . . . . . . . . 75Table 5–1: Estimate of “At Risk” and Shelter Seeking Populations: NMSZ Scenario Earthquake. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82Table 5–2: Estimated Damage to Essential Facilities in the NMSZ . . 83Table 5–3: Sample Response EEIs by ESF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87Table 5–4: Sample Recovery EEIs by ESF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91Table 5–5: Sample Mitigation EEIs by ESF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96Table 5–6: Sample Situational Awareness EEIs by ESF . . . . . . . . . . . 97

Table 5–7: Estimates of Causalities - Terror Scenario. . . . . . . . . . . . 103Table 5–8: Estimate of “At Risk” and Shelter Seeking Population - Terror Scenario . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103Table 5–9: Sample Response Mission EEIs by ESF. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106Table 5–10: Sample Recovery Mission EEIs by ESF. . . . . . . . . . . . . 111Table 5–11: Sample Mitigation Mission EEIs by ESF. . . . . . . . . . . . 114Table 5–12: Sample Prevention Mission EEIs by ESF . . . . . . . . . . . 115Table 5–13: Sample Protection Mission EEIs by ESF . . . . . . . . . . . . 117Table D–1: IRSCC Member Agencies and Organizations . . . . . . . . 170

List of Tables (continued)


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“The GIOT is the Geospatial Interagency Oversight Team, which is a selected group of federal geospatial leads who discuss and guide the process of the GeoCONOPS while ensuring true federal interagency oversight. The following list includes GIOT member representatives from participating departments, agencies, supporting offices and key programs.

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GIOT Team MembersDepartment of Agriculture (USDA)

Office of the Chief Information Office

Enterprise Geospatial Management Office

Office of Homeland Security & Emergency Coordination

Emergency Operation Center

Forest Service

National Interagency Fire center

Department of Commerce (DOC)

National Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)

US Census Bureau

Department of Defense (DoD)

Office of the Deputy Undersecretary for Defense

National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency (NGA)

National Guard Bureau

NORTHCOM

US Army Corps of Engineers (USACE)

Department of Health & Human Services (HHS)

Department of Homeland Security (DHS)

Office of the Chief Information Officer/Geospatial Management Office (GMO)

Customs and Border Patrol (CBP)

Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA)

Federal Insurance & Mitigation Administration (FIMA)

Office of Response & Recovery (ORR)

National Preparedness Directorate (NPD)

National Exercise Division (NED)

National Integration Center (NIC)

Mission Support Bureau (MSB)

Office of the Chief Information Officer (CIO)/Geospatial Solutions Branch

Federal Law Enforcement Training Center (FLETC)

Immigration & Customs Enforcement (ICE)

National Protection & Programs Directorate (NPPD)

Federal Protective Service (FPS)

Office of Infrastructure Protection (IP)

Office of Health Affairs (OHA)

Office of Intelligence and Analysis (I&A)

Office of Operations Coordination & Planning (OPS)

Science and Technology (S&T)

Transportation Security Administration (TSA)

US Coast Guard (USCG)

US Secret Service (USSS)

Department of Housing & Urban Development (HUD)

Department of Interior (DOI)

US Geological Survey (USGS)

Department of State

USAID

Department of Transportation (DOT)

Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)

Federal Aviation Administration (FAA)

Office of the Director of National Intelligence (ODNI)

Program Manager for the Information-Sharing Environment (PM-ISE)

Small Business Administration (SBA)

Veterans Administration (VA)

Collaborating PartnersAmerican Red Cross (ARC)

National Alliance for Public Safety GIS (NAPSG)

National States Geographic Information Council (NSGIC)

Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC)

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1.0 GeospaTial ConCepT of operaTions

The Homeland Security Geospatial Concept of Operations (GeoCONOPS) is a multiyear effort focused on the geospatial communities supporting DHS and FEMA activities under the NRF and in coordination with Presidential Policy Directive 8: National Preparedness (PPD-8) which describes the Nation’s approach to preparing for the threats and hazards that pose the greatest risk to the security of the United States. The GeoCONOPS, in its fourth year, is a multiyear product to document the current geospatial practices supporting the NRF, PPD-8, and Stafford Act activities. The participants and intended audience of the GeoCONOPS include the GIOT Members, 15 Emergency Support Functions (ESF), both primary and support, and other federal mission partners. The GeoCONOPS will be updated on a yearly basis to ensure it meets the needs of all mission partners. The GeoCONOPS is currently under review by FEMA for adoption by NIMS.

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1.1 Mission Statement The Homeland Security GeoCONOPS is intended to identify and align the geospatial resources that are required to support the NRF, ESF, and supporting federal mission partners1 all in coordination with PPD-8 direction. Through the development of the document, end users supporting homeland security and emergency management operations will be better served with authoritative and expedited coordination mechanisms that facilitate geospatial information sharing. By defining these mechanisms and authorities, this GeoCONOPS aims to reduce redundancy and confusion and ensure efficient access to geospatial information for incident management.

1.2 OverviewDHS is relying more often and more broadly on geospatial information technology to collect and analyze key situational awareness data for its emergency response missions. According to the National Strategy for Homeland Security and DHS’s mission statement: homeland security covers prevention, protection, mitigation, response, and recovery. Geospatial products and intelligence play a key role in the Department’s preparation for disasters and its response to them; they are used to help assess damage, aid in search and rescue (SAR), remove debris, and support incident management.

The Geospatial Management Office (GMO) serving the DHS Chief Information Office, was established by the Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act of 2004 (Title VII, Subtitle B, Section 8201, Homeland Security Geospatial Information). Through its implementation of DHS Management Directive 4030, the GMO exercises executive leadership in establishing DHS geospatial information technology programs, directives, and initiatives and provides oversight for the integration of geospatial data

1 See Annex C for a complete list of federal partners.

and technology. It serves as the principal office to facilitate all interagency activities relating to domestic geospatial and remote sensing (RS) data to support the needs of homeland security-related intelligence, law enforcement, environmental, scientific, and emergency response requirements.

The GMO must develop requirements and processes for access to common operating data used by components and provide guidance to other federal departments and agen cies that are supporting and executing homeland security and emergency management operations.

Geospatial technology provides a significant role in incident management. Its uses today include disaster early warning and mitigation, border monitoring, criminal investigations, public health protection, and critical infrastructure oversight. In recent years, federal mission partners have been operating with

minimal formal guidance or direction on how to conduct geospatial support to the emergency response and homeland security operating regimes, relying instead on ad hoc co ordination.

As a result, geospatial efforts in support of incident management have frequently been slow to start or have been completely unavailable immediately following a disaster, leaving the “full power” and benefits of geospatial technology unrealized. The development of the Geo CONOPS for homeland security and emergency management operations ensures that timely and accurate geospatial data is shared across the entire geospatial community, resulting in better informed decision making across all phases of an incident.

The GeoCONOPS, currently in its fourth year, is being developed over a 5 year period. Description of each of the five development phases is shown in Figure 1–1.

Figure 1–1: GeoCONOPS Development Phases

• FocusesonthefullinclusionoftheIntelligence and Military communities.

• ProvidesfortheconclusionoftheGeoCONOPS,incorporatingallfinalrevisionsandthereviewandrevision of any outdated content.

• Addressesthefullemergencymanagementlifecycletoincludepreparedness,response,recoveryandmitigation

• SetsthefoundationfortheGeoCONOPS,buildingtheinitialframeworkaroundthecommoneventtypesandmagnitudessupportedundertheNRF.

• Focuseson3missionareas:DamageAssessment,Life-Saving,andRecovery.

• ExpandstheGeoCONOPS intocatastrophicdisasters,asdefinedbytheRobertT.StaffordDisasterReliefandEmergencyAssistanceAct(StaffordAct),toaddresstheexpandedrolesoftheFederalresponsecommunityandtheincreasedlevelofeffortinvolvedwiththesedisasters.

Phase 1:Emergency Response

Non-CatastrophicDisasters

Phase 2:Emergency Response -

CatastrophicDisasters

Phase 3:Emergency

ManagementLifecycle

Phase 4: IntegratedGeospatialConcept of Operations

Phase 5:Maintenance

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1.3 GeoCONOPS CommunityThe community analysis characterizes how the geospatial community within the GeoCONOPS operates and supports the overall DHS mission. The intent of community analysis is to describe and characterize the various actors and stakeholders and their relationships that compose the current geospatial support to emergency operations at the national, regional, and field levels. The purpose of a Community Model (CM) is to provide an overall enterprise view that captures stakeholder interactions related to disaster operations and the mission areas of damage assessment, life-saving, and recovery operations. The CM allows stakeholders to see how they fit into the overall geospatial community. The GeoCONOPS CM, shown in Figure 1–2 provides a graphical representation of the operational framework that:• Identifies actors and stakeholders that support the

GeoCONOPS community mission• Identifies the information environment, actor

responsibilities, and transactional information exchanges

• Illustrates high-level processes across the geospatial mission operations and the correlating relationships of these processes with stakeholders

The GeoCONOPS CM graphically represents the geospatial community in relation to non-catastrophic events. The model comprises four segments representing the following functional groups: Information Support Services, Infrastructure, People, and Civil Support. The actors participating in the interview process for the GeoCONOPS were broken into these groupings to facilitate consistent topical areas of information collection and analysis. Each group is described in more detail below.

At the center, PPD-8 five mission areas serve as an aid in organizing our national preparedness activities; Prevention, Protection, Mitigation, Response and Recovery provide the centerpiece of the model. There are several core capabilities for each of these mission areas, but three core capabilities span across all five mission areas. These are depicted in the three rings; Operational Coordination, Planning, and Public Information and Warning serve to unify all the mission areas and are necessary for the success of the remaining core capabilities. Guidance is provided by the NIMS, which form the core of the model and dictate the governing stakeholders, processes, and policies. As event information is collected at the federal, state, and local level, additional information is compiled and produced by the geospatial community and assimilated by the Operations/Coordination group. This information, including geospatial products and reports, is provided back to the functional groups as well as state and local authorities to assist in event management.

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Geospatial CONOPS Community Model

Figure 1–2: GeoCONOPS Community Model

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1.3.1 State Authorities

As disasters occur, state, local, territorial, and tribal governments and Emergency Operations Centers (EOC) provide coordination and support based on governing authorities. The highlighted elements illustrate the nonfederal government organizations responsible for providing information and immediate response regarding the disaster. A state Governor can provide this information directly to federal Operations/Coordination actors based on the NRF and the NIMS guidelines for requesting assistance.

1.3.2 Information Support Services

The Information Support Services segment provides the PPD-8 Mission Areas and Core capabilities segment with modeling, weather, border, and geological related information in response to a disaster incident. The key stakeholders include National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Customs and Border Protection (CBP), Office of the Director of national Intelligence (ODNI), DHS Domestic Nuclear Detection Office (DNDO), US Geological Survey (USGS), and the Customs and Border Patrol.

Figure 1–3: State Authorities Figure 1–4: Information Support Services

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1.3.3 Infrastructure

The Infrastructure segment provides the PPD-8 Mission Areas and Core capabilities segment with assessment information regarding buildings, schools, dams, levees, and other man-made structures as well as the impact to the local community and environment. The key stakeholders responsible for this information are the Army Corps of Engineers (USACE), US Forest Service, (USDA/FS) Department of Energy (DOE), Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), US Coast Guard (USCG), Department of Transportation (DOT), Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), and the DHS National Protection & Programs Directorate (NPPD).

1.3.4 Civil Support

The Civil Support segment provides the PPD-8 Mission Areas and Core capabilities segment with geospatial information in support of homeland security related disaster incidents. The key stakeholders responsible for this information are the National Guard Bureau (NGB), National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency (NGA), and US Northern Command (USNORTHCOM) Mission Assurance Division (MAD) and the Defense Threat Reduction Agency (DTRA).

Figure 1–5: Infrastructure Figure 1–6: Civil Support

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1.3.5 People

The People segment provides the PPD-8 Mission Areas and Core capabilities segment with information regarding services provided to survivors of disaster incidents including life-saving, employment, sheltering, legal, and health-related information. The key stakeholders include the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), the Department of Housing & Urban Development (HUD), the Department of Health & Human Services (HHS), Small Business Administration (SBA), Department of Homeland Security (DHS), Department of Justice (DOJ), US Department of Agriculture (USDA), Department of the Interior (DOI) and the American Red Cross (ARC).

1.3.6 Operations/Coordination

The PPD-8 Mission Areas and Core capabilities segment is the central access point for the Request For Assistance (RFA) as well as information and reports provided to other geospatial community segments and state and local entities. These five mission areas serve as an aid in organizing our national preparedness activities, and do not constrain or limit integration across mission areas and core capabilities. Three core capabilities span all five mission areas: Planning, Public Information and Warning, and Operational Coordination and serve to unify the mission areas and are necessary for the success of the remaining core capabilities. The key stakeholders responsible for gathering, compiling, and distributing this information are the DHS National Operations Center (NOC), National Infrastructure Coordinating Center (NICC), National Response Coordination Center (NRCC), FEMA, Joint Field Offices (JFO), FEMA Regional Response Coordination Center (RRCC), Federal Operations Centers and the HLS Operations Center.

Figure 1–7: People Figure 1–8: Operations/Coordination

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1.4 Audience and Intended UseThe intended audiences for this document are the geospatial communities supporting homeland security and emergency management activities from the JFOs and operations centers to NRF headquarter entities. The GeoCONOPS has been developed with input from the stakeholders and actors who have direct ownership in the key mission areas outlined in this document. This document outlines federal geospatial capabilities in support of state, local, and tribal authorities during homeland security and emergency management operations across the entire emergency management lifecycle.

This GeoCONOPS serves as a guide to federal departments and agencies providing geospatial support under the Stafford Act. The Stafford Act describes the programs and processes by which the Federal Government provides disaster and emergency assistance to state and local governments, tribal nations, eligible private nonprofit organizations, and individuals affected by a declared major disaster or emergency. Once the President declares a major disaster or emergency, the majority of assistance to state, local, and tribal jurisdictions is provided under the Stafford Act. However, federal assistance can also be provided through various mechanisms and authorities. Federal assistance does not always require coordination by DHS and may be provided without a Presidential declaration of a major disaster or emergency.

1.5 Alignment with NIMS and NRF The NRF establishes a comprehensive, national, all-hazards approach to domestic incident response and defines the key principles, roles, and structures that organize the way we respond as a nation. It describes how communities, tribes, states, the Federal

Government, private sector, and nongovernmental organizations (NGO) partners apply these principles for a coordinated, effective national response. In addition, the NRF enables first responders, decision makers, and supporting entities to provide a unified national response.

The GeoCONOPS is aligned to the NRF mission partners, PPD-8 Mission Areas, the ESFs, and other support elements through the depiction of geospatial information required to provide key mission support (damage assessment, life-saving, and recovery). Within the event-specific sections of the GeoCONOPS, ESF-specific mission activities, including geospatial production efforts, are identified.

PPD-8 describes the Nation’s approach to preparing for the threats and hazards that pose the greatest risk to the security of the United States. National preparedness is the shared responsibility of our whole community. Every member contributes, including individuals, communities, the private and nonprofit sectors, faith-based organizations, and Federal, state, and local governments. The GeoCONOPS is aligned with the PPD-8 core capabilities which are essential for the execution of each of the five mission areas: • Prevention• Protection• Mitigation• Response• Recovery

The NIMS provides a systematic, proactive approach to guide departments and agencies at all levels of government, NGOs, and the private sector to work seamlessly to reduce the loss of life and property and harm to the environment. These efforts aim to prevent, protect against, respond to, recover from, and mitigate the effects of incidents, regardless of cause, size, location, or complexity. NIMS provides the template for the management of incidents, while

the NRF provides the structure and mechanisms for national-level policy for incident management. Component II, Section C, of NIMS (draft 2007) has a section dedicated to the critical importance of geospatial information to communication and information management during an incident.

The alignment of the GeoCONOPS to NIMS can be used to support information and communication management as well as to support the other components of NIMS:• Preparedness, Pre-event Planning and

Coordination. The GeoCONOPS supports pre-event planning and coordination through the documentation of the “as-is” environment of the geospatial community supporting emergency management activities. This information provides the basis for continued coordination efforts and the development of updated SOP-type documents.

• Resource Management. The GeoCONOPS supports credentialing of staff and resource requirements, as discussed in Section 2.

• Coordination and Management. The GeoCONOPS will assist in reducing duplication of efforts in geospatial data collection and production by identifying authoritative sources for information.

• Management and Maintenance/Standards and Technology. The GeoCONOPS provides a venue for the sharing of information related to planning, training, and development of best practices and standard operating procedures (SOP).

Within the NRF, the ESFs provide the structure to group capabilities and functional expertise of departments and agencies for coordinating interagency support and response to an incident. The NIMS provides the flexibility to assign the ESFs in support of event operations at the Joint Field Offices (JFO), Regional Response Coordination Centers (RRCC) or the National Response Coordination Center (NRCC) in order to respond to incidents

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Figure 1–9: Federal Response - Stafford Act Support to States

in a more collaborative manner. Each ESF assigns responsibilities to a primary agency and support agencies. The Roles and Responsibilities of the 15 ESFs are defined below:

ESF #1 – Transportation• Aviation/airspace management and control• Transportation safety• Restoration/recovery of transportation

infrastructure• Movement restrictions• Damage and impact assessment

ESF #2 – Communications• Coordination with telecommunications and

information technology industries• Restoration and repair of telecommunications

infrastructure• Protection, restoration, and sustainment of

national cyber and information technology resources

• Oversight of communications within the Federal incident management and response structures

ESF #3 – Public Works and Engineering• Infrastructure protection and emergency repair• Infrastructure restoration• Engineering services and construction

management• Emergency contracting support for life-saving and

life-sustaining services

ESF #4 – Firefighting• Coordination of Federal firefighting activities• Support to wildland, rural, and urban firefighting

operations

ESF #5 – Emergency Management• Coordination of incident management and

response efforts• Issuance of mission assignments• Resource and human capital• Incident action planning• Financial management

ESF #6 – Mass Care, Emergency Assistance, Housing, and Human Services• Mass care• Emergency assistance• Disaster housing• Human services• Sheltering

ESF #7 – Logistics Management and Resource Support• Comprehensive, national incident logistics

planning, management, and sustainment capability

• Resource support (facility space, office equipment and supplies, contracting services, etc.)

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ESF #8 – Public Health and Medical Services• Public health• Medical• Mental health services• Mass fatality management

ESF #9 – Search and Rescue• Life-saving assistance• Search and rescue operations

ESF #10 – Oil and Hazardous Materials Response• Oil and hazardous materials (chemical, biological,

radiological, etc.) response• Environmental short- and long-term cleanup

ESF #11 – Agriculture and Natural Resources• Nutrition assistance• Animal and plant disease and pest response• Food safety and security• Natural and cultural resources and historic

properties protection and restoration• Safety and well-being of household pets

ESF #12 – Energy• Energy infrastructure assessment, repair, and

restoration• Energy industry utilities coordination• Energy forecast

ESF #13 – Public Safety and Security• Facility and resource security• Security planning and technical resource

assistance• Public safety and security support• Support to access, traffic, and crowd control

ESF #14 – Long-Term Community Recovery• Social and economic community impact

assessment• Long-term community recovery assistance to

States, local governments, and the private sector• Analysis and review of mitigation program

implementation

ESF #15 – External Affairs• Emergency public information and protective

action guidance• Media and community relations• Congressional and international affairs• Tribal and insular affairs

Federal departments and agencies routinely manage the response to incidents under their statutory or executive authorities. When a federal entity with primary responsibility and authority for handling an incident requires federal assistance above and beyond its interagency mechanisms (e.g., Executive orders, memorandums of understanding [MOU], memorandums of agreement [MOA], etc.), that department or agency can request additional federal assistance through DHS. When this happens, this support is: • Coordinated by DHS using the multiagency

coordination structures established in the NRF and in accordance with the NIMS

• Generally funded by the federal entity with primary responsibility and statutory authority for the incident in accordance with provisions of the Economy Act, unless other statutory authorities exist

• Facilitated by the interagency MOU for Mutual Aid, and executed at the time of the incident through interagency agreements (see the Financial Management Support Annex for more information)

Figure 1–9 illustrates the actions federal departments and agencies take to assist state and local governments under Stafford Act.

1.6 Determination of AuthoritiesThe GeoCONOPS is based on appropriate roles, responsibilities and authorities and is consistent with all appropriate United States laws, policies, and other related requirements.

Specific authorities include, but are not limited to:• The Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and

Emergency Assistance Act (Stafford Act), as amended (42 United States Code [U.S.C.] § 5121 et seq.) describes the programs and processes by which the Federal Government provides disaster and emergency assistance to state and local governments, tribal nations, eligible private nonprofit organizations, and individuals affected by a declared major disaster or emergency. The Stafford Act covers all-hazards, including natural disasters and terrorist events.

• National Response Framework (NRF), January 2008, is a guide to how the nation conducts an all-hazards response. It describes specific authorities and best practices for managing incidents that range from the serious but purely local, to large-scale terrorist attacks or catastrophic natural disasters.

• National Incident Management System (NIMS), March 2004, provides the template for incident management regardless of size, scope, or cause of the event. It is a consistent doctrinal framework for incident management at all jurisdictional levels. It includes a core set of concepts, principles, terminology, and technologies covering the incident command system; multiagency coordination systems; unified command; training; identification and management of resources (including systems for classifying types of resources); qualifications and certification; and the collection, tracking, and reporting of incident information and incident resources.

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• Presidential Policy Directive 8: National Preparedness (PPD-8), September 2011, This directive is aimed at strengthening the security and resilience of the United States through systematic preparation for the threats that pose the greatest risk to the security of the Nation, including acts of terrorism, cyber-attacks, pandemics, and catastrophic natural disasters. Our national preparedness is the shared responsibility of all levels of government, the private and nonprofit sectors, and individual citizens.

• Homeland Security Act of 2002 (P.L. 107-296, 116 Stat. 2135 (2002) (codified predominantly at 6 U.S.C. § 101-557), as amended, with respect to the organization and mission of FEMA in the DHS Appropriations Act of 2007, P.L. 109-295, 120 Stat. 1355 (2006), established DHS as an executive department of the United States. The Homeland Security Act consolidated component agencies, including FEMA, into DHS.

• Post-Katrina Emergency Management Reform Act (PKEMRA) of 2006 (P.L. 109-295) clarified and modified the Homeland Security Act with respect to the organizational structure, authorities, and responsibilities of FEMA and the FEMA Administrator.

• Homeland Security Presidential Directive-5 (HSPD-5), Management of Domestic Incidents, , February 28, 2003, establishes a single, comprehensive national incident management system. It also designates the Secretary of Homeland Security as the principal federal official for domestic incident management and recognizes the statutory authorities of the Attorney General, Secretary of Defense, and Secretary of State. It directs the heads of all federal departments and agencies to provide their full and prompt cooperation, resources, and support, as appropriate and consistent with their own responsibilities for protecting national security, to the Secretary of Homeland Security, Attorney General, Secretary of Defense, and Secretary of

State in the exercise of leadership responsibilities and missions assigned.

• HSPD-7,CriticalInfrastructureIdentification,Prioritization, and Protection, December 17, 2003, establishes a national policy for federal departments and agencies to identify, prioritize and protect US critical infrastructure (CI).

• HSPD-8, National Preparedness, December 17, 2003, establishes policies to strengthen the preparedness of the United States to prevent and respond to threatened or actual domestic terrorist attacks, major disasters, and other emergencies by requiring a national domestic all-hazards preparedness goal, establishing mechanisms for improved delivery of federal preparedness assistance to state, local, and tribal governments, and outlining actions to strengthen preparedness capabilities of federal, state, local, and tribal entities. Annex 1, National Planning, published on December 3, 2007, establishes a standard and comprehensive approach to national planning.

• PPD-8, National Preparedness, March 30, 2011, strengthens the security and resilience of the United States through systematic preparation for the threats that pose the greatest risk to the security of the Nation, including acts of terrorism, cyber-attacks, pandemics, and catastrophic natural disasters. National preparedness is the shared responsibility of all levels of government, the private and nonprofit sectors, and individual citizens. Everyone can contribute to safeguarding the Nation from harm. As such, while this directive is intended to galvanize action by the Federal Government, it is also aimed at facilitating an integrated, all-of-Nation, capabilities-based approach to preparedness.

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Geospatial technology provides solutions for big-picture visibility through the ground-level efforts of direct operational support through the collection, analysis and sharing of geospatial information and products. To effectively accomplish these goals, the resources and technology assets must be available to fill the information and production requirement of an event. This section assists in identifying the general requirements and capabilities of a geospatial support entity. The details of the specific mission areas as well as the operational environments are further addressed in Sections 3 and 4 of the GeoCONOPS.

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2.1 Geospatial Mission Support Geospatial technology is used throughout the operations supporting response, recovery, mitigation, preparedness, and prevention efforts. The missions reflected in these efforts include the saving of lives and property, the provision of food and shelter, financial assistance, damage assessments, and recovery. With coordination and a strategy for resource use, geospatial technology can be more effective in meeting the requirements of any incident.

2.1.1 Coordination Requirements

The focus of the geospatial leadership is to provide a coordinated level of support to their customers. In the context of this GeoCONOPS, the term “geospatial leadership” refers to an operational paradigm that suggests ownership at multiple levels of a community or organization, which allows for geospatial activities to operate efficiently in support of incident response. This operational paradigm will assist in minimizing the duplication of efforts and expedite the availability of critical information. Efforts to maintain connections with other entities involved with disaster operations will assist in the pursuit of mutually supportive projects at the strategic, operational, and tactical levels.

Geospatial efforts require full integration with the leadership and mission areas supporting an incident. The geospatial managers must work to build relationships with the onsite leadership team, attending key meetings and ensuring that geospatial technology is available to support the event in its entirety. Having full situational awareness, the geospatial leads will effectively build staffing and resource plans for the provision of support.

Table 2–1: Geospatial Roles and Responsibilities

Position Title ResponsibilitiesTeam Leader

• Responsible for the coordination of geospatial information system (GIS) production, RS, and geospatial database efforts.

• Define staffing, meeting, and rotation schedules.• Conducts briefings, attends meetings, and directs overall geospatial support operations. • Interfaces with federal, state, and local authorities establishing MOUs, partnerships,

and data sharing agreements. • Proactively seeks opportunities to integrate geospatial products into executive decision making.

Deputy Team Leader

• Reports to the Geospatial Team Leader. • Responsible for maintaining the coordinated efforts of the geospatial team. • During times of absence of the Team Leader, becomes the representative of the Team.

Administrative Assistant

• Reports to the Team Leader. • Provides administrative support to the Team Leader and the Team in general. • Manages reception area. • Greets customers and assists them in filling out request forms.

Geospatial Production Manager

• Reports to the Team Leader. • Coordinates GIS requirements and supervises assigned Geospatial Analysts. • Prioritizes GIS production and activities. • Works with product requesters to properly define requirements and ensures the timely

preparation and delivery of recurring and ad hoc GIS products. Geospatial Analyst

• Reports to the Geospatial Production Manager. • Prepares recurring and ad hoc GIS products. • Compiles various types of geospatial information into map and data products. • Analyzes geospatial data from various sources to answer diverse questions and

populate geospatial products. Geospatial Imagery Manager

• Reports to the Team Leader. • Responsible for the coordination of RS requirements, resources, and requests for the team. • Operates as task originator & collection manager for assets related to the operation.• Works with Geospatial Production Manager to ensure imagery- derived products are

delivered in a timely manner. • Supervises Imagery Analysts.

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2.1.2 Staffing Requirements

To ensure access to critical geospatial information and products, personnel must be readily available to support the many entities engaged in incident operations. This level of specific operational support provides situational awareness and geospatial tools to the managers of Multiagency Coordination Centers (MACC) and field facilities.

Staffing requirements can be met with proper planning. While smaller events may be adequately supported with existing in-house staff, larger events will require additional staffing resources. After

determining an estimated level of effort required for an operation, staff should be ordered/requested in a phased sequence to ensure that the team grows with the progress of the operation. Staff planning should look 30+ days into the future and accommodate rotation and duration requirements of the respective parent organizations. Surge staff can be accessed within the operational organization, other federal entities, contract staff, local hires, and/or volunteer organizations.

An effective operational response will rely heavily on establishing and following a regular operational tempo in concert with interagency partners, and

other stakeholders. Interagency Agreements, Mission Assignments (MA), Pre-Scripted Mission Assignments (PSMA), MOUs, and MOAs will be leveraged during all phases to support surge requirements, in coordination with state, local, and tribal authorities.

Staffing procedures must be in accordance with existing department and agency plans, MACC (e.g., NRCC, RRCC, JFO) SOPs, policies, and procedures relating to statutory requirements as well as in support of explicit roles, responsibilities, and assignments specified under:• NRF ESF, Support and Incident Annexes • Existing and ad hoc MAs authorized by FEMA and

coordinated through the JFO, RRCC, or NRCC • State, local, tribal, and regional emergency

operations plans and associated procedures• National Infrastructure Protection Plan (NIPP)

Sector Specific Plans• National Continuity Policy and National Essential

Functions (NEFs)

Federal departments and agencies acting under their own jurisdictional authorities and funding mechanisms can deploy prior to or in support of an incident without a request from FEMA.

Geospatial staff and teams typically fall under the Planning Section within NIMS and Incident Command System (ICS) but may be assigned to Operations or other areas within the NIMS structure. Table 2–1 contains a list of key geospatial position titles and associated responsibilities.

2.1.3 Technology Requirements

The tools required for geospatial support can be acquired in advance or procured immediately following an event. In an effort to minimize delays in service, a basic level of hardware/software should be maintained in preparation for future operations

Position Title ResponsibilitiesImagery Analyst • Reports to the Geospatial Imagery Manager.

• Processes and interprets acquired imagery. • Processes imagery in native and/or other formats. • Prepares image data files for use by the Geospatial Analyst Staff.• Creates imagery-derived data sets and products.

Geospatial Database Manager

• Reports to Team Leader. • Responsible for creating and managing the file-based data storage system, updating

and distributing associated documentation, answering all queries for use, and briefing teams on use of data.

• Initiates data sharing agreements or purchases for data as required.• Arranges for data updates as necessary.

Geospatial Database Administrator

• Reports to the Geospatial Database Manager. • Develops, maintains, and coordinates the geospatial data used. • Sets database access rights and privileges. • Responsible for data backups as required.

Geospatial Data Analyst

• Reports to the Geospatial Database Manager. • Designs and builds custom database queries as requested by task force members. • Performs quality control and corrects anomalies in the data. • Loads data sets under direction of Database Manager.

Table 2-1: Geospatial Roles and Responsibilities (Continued)

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(FEMA JFOs use this type of hardware/software solution with their Deployable Emergency GIS Suites [DEGS] and NGA with its Mobile Integrated Geospatial Intelligence System [MIGS]). The level of effort required for hardware/software maintenance is high because hardware performance capabilities increase with time and software updates are released regularly. This effort provides large returns when responding to notice and no-notice events with the support and speed associated with current technology and properly trained staff.

2.1.4 Geospatial Capabilities

There are many geospatial-specific organizations and programs in existence across the emergency management and homeland security environments. Although some of these are mission-specific, others are more general and available to support many different operational requirements. A sample listing of common geospatial capabilities, both fixed and field is presented in Table 2–2.

2.2 Geospatial Data Data is required for every geospatial product. The quality of this data dictates the overall value of these products and the level of support available. Without valid authoritative sources and core standards for data management, the investment in hardware, software, and labor can be immediately undermined. This section defines the term “Authoritative” as it relates to geospatial data and provides background on basic data standards for the GeoCONOPS.

2.2.1 Authoritative Data

For the purpose of the GeoCONOPS, authoritative data owned and/or produced by the federal entities supporting the NRF is defined as follows:• Rational Authority. Government agencies are

by default the “authoritative” sources for data or services that they produce, or have a statutory responsibility for.

• Expert Authority. Scientifically authoritative data is defined in the realm of the various professions under which the standards and methodology for data are created.

These classifications provide clarity beyond the frequent notion that an authoritative data source is simply the entity trusted because of a subjective belief that it is the “best” or “most accurate” source for a specific data theme. The owner or authoritative source of any geospatial data is responsible for defining the business rules for the access and sharing of that information across the stakeholder community. The data provider should identify restrictions that may inhibit the mission at For Official Use Only (FOUO) level, and establish classification at lowest level possible. Data users should abide by the established rules to ensure seamless coordination.

Appendix B of the GeoCONOPS provides a detailed list of Authoritative Data.

Table 2–2: Federal Geospatial Teams

Team Type LocationFEMA Mapping and Analysis Center (MAC) Fixed Located at FEMA HQ supporting NRCC,

RRCC and JFO operationsFEMA Geospatial Intelligence Unit (GIU) Field Operational within each FEMA JFODHS Geospatial Management Office (GMO) Fixed Support for all DHS-related geospatial activities

DHS Interagency Modeling and Atmospheric Assessment Center (IMAAC)

Fixed Authoritative modeling source for air-borne hazards

DHS Infrastructure Information Collection Division (IICD) Fixed Support for Critical InfrastructureDHS National Infrastructure Coordinating Center (NICC) Geospatial Information System (GIS) Desk

Fixed Internal support to NICC

DHS National Operations Center (NOC) GIS Desk Fixed Internal support to NOCNGA Mobile Integrated Geospatial-Intelligence System (MIGS) Field Mobile Geospatial Team supporting FBI,

FEMA, and othersNGA PMH (Office of Americas/Homeland Security Division) Field Located at NGA Bethesda and St. Louis

supporting defense, intelligence, and civil federal agencies with a homeland security/defense mission.

NGB Civil Support Team (CST) Field Support for NGB operationsUSACE Planning & Response Team (PRT) Field Deployed to JFO and other disaster

support facilities

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2.2.2 Essential Elements of Information

The DHS GMO has developed the DHS geospatial data model (GDM) to support geospatial interoperability and information sharing.1 Geospatial operations at the DHS are based on the model, as are data exchanges with stakeholders in the homeland security and disaster management community. The GDM is a comprehensive framework for organizing features of interest to the homeland security community.

Immediately following an event, priority is given to the collection of key information on the nature and scope of damages. This data is formally defined as Essential Elements of Information (EEI) and typically collected under the guidance of an Information Collection Plan (ICP). The EEIs contribute directly to situational awareness and revolve around a time-based reporting cycle. The overall list of EEIs may vary by a specific event or type, but generally include information such as: disaster boundaries, socio-economic impacts, and status of communications, transportation systems, and critical infrastructure.

The information collection and analysis process evolves through the life cycle of the event. Initially, predictive modeling may provide estimates for an EEI, prior to field information becoming available. As the event response progresses, the EEI will be populated with data pulled from Situation Reports, and later through ground truth sources. As priorities shift to sustained response and initial recovery, the ICP is adjusted to reflect changing requirements and the EEIs adjust as the key activities determine what information is essential.

1 More information can be obtained at http://www.fgdc.gov/participation/working-groups-subcommittees/hswg/dhs-gdm/

2.3 Imagery and Derived ProductsRS is a general reference to any remotely sensed information, predominately imagery-type products from satellite and aircraft sources. Imagery can be invaluable following an event, providing the ability to view impacts in the disaster area from a remote location over large expanses with minimal effort. To make the most of RS technology, it must be accessed in a timely manner, analyzed by qualified methodologies, and disseminated efficiently. Imagery and the data derived from it can identify damaged areas and specific target locations, or serve as a base-map product for use with other data sets. This section discusses the use of imagery for damage assessments (see Figure 2–1).

2.3.1 Areas of Expertise

With proper coordination, RS data can be available to any user to assist with mission support requirements. For Stafford Act events, RS efforts are coordinated by FEMA through the JFO, RRCC, and NRCC RS Coordinators. Working with the US Geological Survey (USGS), NGA, DHS, and other federal departments and agencies, imagery is acquired, analyzed and disseminated using the Tasking, Collection, Processing, Exploitation, and Dissemination (TCPED) Process (see Figure 2–2).

The steps in the TCPED process (see Figure 2–2) are as follows:• Tasking. The tasking phase begins with the

identification of and prioritization of key target

Figure 2–1: Damage Assessment Maps - Nisqually Earthquake

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areas. While it is safe to assume that the adjacent areas will be included, requests for imagery should be very specific in coverage area and identify any specific targets.

• Collection. Immediately following the tasking phase, the collection phase is focused on the acquisition of “raw” imagery. Because the post-event environment is dynamic, tasking and collection are closely linked. The combined tasks are reliant on continuous feedback. While this phase is often transparent, details such as triaged

areas of interest (AOI) and air-space access must be factored into the entire mission.

• Processing. During this phase, acquired imagery is processed. The processing requirements can include image registration, rectification, color balancing, and others. Once complete, the imagery is available for exploitation and dissemination.

• Exploitation. This phase provides the interpretation required to generate usable end products. Analysis may be automated or interpreted visually by imagery analysts to derive

vector data from the imagery source data. This derived data can then be attributed with key pieces of information to add value.

• Dissemination. The final phase of the process ensures that the imagery and derived products are effectively delivered and available to the end users and applications. This may be accomplished through a person-to-person exchange of physical media, embedded into a COP-type viewer, or passed through email or web-based tools.

2.3.2 Operational Support

Pre- and post-event imagery requests are processed through the RS Coordinator at the FEMA JFO, RRCC, or NRCC. Requests are compiled, validated, and cross-checked against others for mutually supportive requirements and missions.

Vector-derived products are produced in the exploitation phase of the TCPED process. In addition to the FEMA NRCC, RRCC, and JFOs, other groups may develop derived products in support of their specific missions. For example, DHS Directorates, FEMA organizational elements, federal ESF leads, and/or state/local/tribal entities have derived vector products from federal-funded imagery products. These activities may be performed at on- or off-site facilities and accessed through the requesting source.


Imagery provides a static picture of an area and must be updated regularly to support monitoring efforts. When imagery is initially purchased, licensing agreements are made defining use requirements and restrictions, potentially limiting distribution for the response and recovery efforts. Imagery data products are available in many graphic formats enabling them to be used with imagery-specific software and GIS applications.

The data derived from imagery is highly valuable and easy to share. These are typically vector (point, line,

Figure 2–2: TCPED Process

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Authoritative Source for Damage Assessment

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or polygon) or grid products that can quickly provide information on specific structures, impacted areas, or flooded regions. In addition, they represent an excellent information source for determining the area of disaster impact (see Table 2–3).

2.3.4 Specific Products

Because of the large file size of imagery data, the derived products are shared quickly through email and other forms while the source imagery will be delivered at a later date or posted to a web environment.

Raster Products

Post-event imagery is used by a multitude of secondary users as it is made available. This data is disseminated through multiple entities including the USGS (on behalf of FEMA), FEMA, NOAA, and others. Following a disaster event, USGS manages daily RS coordination conference calls and an email distribution list. These forums allow the geospatial community to discuss all aspects of RS in support of an incident. Those interested in participating must contact the FEMA RS Coordinator at the FEMA NRCC (see Figure 2–3).

Sub Category Theme Type Delay POCEmergency Services

Emergency Management

Image Library Footprints Polygon 4 day FEMAImagery Collection Paths (Aircraft) Polyline 24 hour NOAAImagery Collection Paths (Aircraft) Polyline 48 hour FEMAImagery Collection Paths (Motion Video) Polyline 24 hour FEMAImagery Collection Paths (Satellite) Polyline 24 hour FEMA

Event Impact

Event Location

Burn Extents-Imagery Derived Polygon 24 hour USGSFlood Extents-Imagery Derived Polygon 48 hour FEMAHMS Thermal Imagery Raster 24 hour USGS GeoMACImagery Derived Products (Targets) Point 24 hour FEMAImagery Post-Event (Aircraft) Raster 3 day FEMAImagery Post-Event (Motion Video) Video 24 hour FEMAImagery Post-Event (Satellite) Raster 3 day FEMAResidential Damage-Imagery Derived Polygon 48 hour FEMARoof Damage - Imagery Derived Polygon 24 hour DOD/USACE, FEMAWildfire Perimeters (GeoMAC) Polygon 24 hour USGS

Imagery

High Resolution

EPA ASPECT Raster 4 day EPAFEMA LIDAR Raster 7 day FEMAFEMA Radar Raster 4 day FEMANOAA Coastal Shoreline Aerial Photography Raster 4 day NOAA/NOSNOAA Thermal Raster 3 day NOAAPost-Event Video Video 24 hour DHS, NASA,

DoD, NGB, DOIUSACE Blue-Roof Aerial Photography Raster 3 day DOD/USACE

Table 2–3: Authoritative Data - Damage Assessment Mission - Imagery

Figure 2–3: Imagery Sample

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Vector Products

Imagery-derived data may include various themes such as SAR targets, road damages and flooded areas. These vector products can be available immediately following the analysis and are sent directly to the requestor and then delivered to the larger stakeholder community as required (see Figure 2–4).

2.4 Models Models provide critical predicted information for scenario events prior to an event actually occurring. This information allows for response plans to be developed in preparation for a coming event. This section covers the majority of modeling efforts related to damage assessments.


There are several unique programs and software applications that provide the modeled information that is required to support early exposure, damage, and loss estimates. This section defines several of the significant models and coordinating entities providing modeled information to the disaster response

Best Practices - FEMA Damage PolygonsImagery derived data products support the immediate information requirements for Response and Recovery operations by allowing fixed facilities to analyze imagery data and quickly share the results with field teams, state/local entities, and the DHS COP with minimal effort. In support of FEMA, NGA provides damage analysis in the form of Imagery Derived Polygons (IDPs) for specific targeted areas. These IDPs provide situational awareness, visualization, and key common operating data for emergency responders and decision-makers following hurricane, earthquake, fire, and flood events. The IDPs are identified and annotated based on the Damage Classification System guidelines developed by FEMA and provided to NGA. These guidelines are used by geospatial analysts to determine the magnitude of damage. The NGA analysts delineate the damaged areas according to the FEMA’s criteria and provide this information to FEMA in both map and data product formats.

The FEMA NRCC develops analytical products with the IDPs estimating impacted areas, populations and

residential infrastructure. These map and data products are shared with all FEMA operations as well as being distributed to external customers involved in the incident and are posted at www.fema.gov.

The following table represents the classification system and color scheme used to characterize damage in FEMA’s Damage Polygons.

Damage Level Observed DamagesGeneralDamageClassificationsLD Limited Damage Generally superficial damage to solid structures (e.g., loss of tiles or roof

shingles); some mobile homes and light structures are damaged or displaced.MD Moderate Damage Solid structures sustain exterior damage (e.g., missing roofs or roof

segments); some mobile homes and light structures are destroyed, many are damaged or displaced.

ED Extensive Damage Some solid structures are destroyed; most sustain exterior and interior damage (roofs missing, interior walls exposed); most mobile homes and light structures are destroyed.

CD Catastrophic Damage Most solid and all light or mobile home structures destroyed.WildfireDamageClassificationsB Burned Areas observed that have already burned.LD Limited Damage Few structures are burned/destroyed.ED Extensive Damage Some structures are completely burned/destroyed and sustained

observable exterior damage.CD Catastrophic Damage Most structures are completely burned/destroyed.

FEMA Damage Map

FEMA Damage Classification

Note: The above classifications represent generalized expectations only; they do not exclude the possibility of variation within any classified area. Areas that are not observed nor have no discernable damage are left uncolored.

Figure 2–4: Imagery-Derived Data Sample

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community. Each focuses on a specific area of interest providing authoritative information to assist in federal disaster operations.

Hazards US-MultiHazard (HAZUS). FEMA’s HAZUS model provides loss estimates for flood, hurricane (wind), and earthquake events. HAZUS development has been supported by domain experts from academia, nonprofit organizations, and the private sector. The model provides estimates on impact to physical damage to residential and commercial buildings, schools, critical facilities, and infrastructure; economic loss, including business interruption, repair and reconstruction costs; and social impacts, including estimates of shelter requirements, displaced households, and population exposed to scenario floods, earthquakes, and hurricanes.

HURRicane EVACuation (HURREVAC). HURREVAC provides estimates on evacuation decisions using modeled hurricane track information from the National Hurricane Center (NOAA/NWS) and data from the hurricane evacuation study for the area. In addition, storm surge inundation graphics, where available, are also displayed, using data from the NWS Sea, Lake, and Overland Surges From Hurricanes (SLOSH) model.

Interagency Modeling and Atmospheric Assessment Center (IMAAC). The IMAAC provides interagency coordination to use the most appropriate atmospheric dispersion model for a particular incident and for delivery of a single federal prediction to all responders. The current IMAAC agency federal partners are DHS, Department of Defense (DoD), DOE, EPA, NOAA, Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC), and National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA).

LandScan USA. Oakridge National Laboratory (ORNL) has developed a population distribution model that produces the finest resolution population distribution data available for the continental

United States. LandScan USA includes nighttime (residential) as well as daytime population distributions. LandScan USA is more spatially refined than the resolution of block-level census data and includes demographic attributes such as age, sex, or race. LandScan USA also identifies daytime populations and other socio-economic data including places of work, journey to work, and other mobility factors. In addition, ORNL maintains a global low-resolution product simply titled LandScan.

National Infrastructure Simulation and Analysis Center (NISAC). The NISAC provides advanced modeling and simulation capabilities for the analysis of critical infrastructures, their interdependencies, vulnerabilities, and complexities. NISAC is a program under the DHS Preparedness Directorate, building a partnership between Sandia National Laboratories (SNL) and Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL).

Sea, Land, Overland, Surge from Hurricanes (SLOSH). The SLOSH model estimates storm surge depths resulting from historical, hypothetical, or predicted hurricanes by taking into account a storm’s pressure, size, forward speed, forecast track, wind speeds, and topographical data. SLOSH was developed by FEMA, USACE, and the NOAA NWS.

USACE Debris Model. The debris model estimates amounts of debris from hurricanes making landfall along the Gulf and East Coasts of the continental United States. The model has been developed by USACE subject matter experts (SME) and is based heavily on experience from Hurricanes Andrew, Fredrick, and Hugo. This work has been further extended for the estimation of debris across the United States.


In most cases, modeling support will be provided by fixed facilities with stable operating environments to support the hardware and software requirements

of the computer models. This provides continuity of information released through authoritative sources, versioning of updated results, and effective distribution mechanisms. Within these fixed operations, SMEs have a pre-identified work area to report to and have access to the preconfigured hardware and software required to produce the modeled results.

The authoritative sources of modeled information generally comprise specific SMEs working together with specific software applications to provide the best-available results for any given subject area. These activities may operate with a single model (FEMA HAZUS) or through a federal sponsor to access specific areas of several national labs (DHS IMAAC and DOE VMWG).

It is also possible for individuals to acquire modeling software for use within their professional disciplines. These applications are designed to run on desktop hardware and are in use by thousands of individuals across the country. For federal operations, these sources may not be the authority for the event and must be used with caution because the event input parameters, supporting data, and other factors can yield drastically conflicting results.


Modeled output is typically map- or report-based, providing products intended to effectively answer specific scenario-based questions. In addition, the majority of the supporting modeled data can be extracted for other purposes. One example of this is the SLOSH model, the derived data produced by SLOSH is used by HAZUS and HURREVAC to support their modeling efforts. In addition, SLOSH outputs are used by others for map products and analysis relating to an event scenario (see Table 2–4).

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As identified above, most models produce combinations of map and report products identifying estimates of damage and associated losses for their areas of expertise and authority. These products are made available to the user community through email and other media where they support decision making throughout the event. It is important to keep track of versioned results as the event operations progress. Many of the models will be run frequently to support the evolution of the event, and each run will produce updated versions of the modeled results. Products created by several models include:

HAZUS• Spatial boundaries of hazard/event• Damage to essential facilities• Casualties• Shelter requirements• Economic loss

HURREVAC• Evacuation recommendations• Estimated wind speeds

IMAAC• Plume projections• Lethality/dosage predictions

USACE Debris • Debris volume estimates• Debris removal requirements

Sub Category Theme Type Delay POC

Event Impact

Modeling

CBRN Model Predictions: DOE Temporary Emergency Exposure Limits (TEEL) Polygon 24 hour IMAACCBRN Model Predictions: Emergency Response Planning Guidelines (ERPG) Polygon 24 hour IMAAC

CBRN Model Predictions: EPA Protective Action Guidelines (PAG) Polygon 24 hour IMAACCBRN Model Predictions: SEPA Acute Emergency Guideline Levels (AEGL) Polygon 24 hour IMAACCBRN Model Predictions: Time Integrated Air Concentrations Polygon 24 hour IMAACCBRN Model Predictions: USDA/FDA Derived Intervention Levels (DIL) Polygon 24 hour IMAACEarthquake Damage-Modeled Polygon 24 hour USGSEarthquake Impact-Modeled Liquefaction Polygon 24 hour USGSModel Input - CATS Text 24 hour DTRAModel Input - HAZUS Text 24 hour FEMAModel Input - HPAC Text 24 hour DTRAModel Input - HURREVAC Text 24 hour FEMAModel Input - IMAAC Text 24 hour IMAACModel Input - NISAC Text 24 hour DHSModeled Impacts - CATS Polygon 24 hour DTRAModeled Impacts - HAZUS Polygon 24 hour FEMAModeled Impacts - HPAC Polygon 24 hour DTRAModeled Impacts - HURREVAC Polygon 24 hour National

Hurricane CenterModeled Impacts - IMAAC Polygon 24 hour IMAACModeled Impacts - NISAC Polygon 24 hour DHSModeled Impacts - SLOSH Polygon 24 hour FEMA,

USACE, NWSModeled Impacts - Surge (SLOSH) Polygon 24 hour FEMA,

USACE, NWSModeled Impacts - USACE Debris Polygon 24 hour DOD/USACEModeled Losses - CATS Polygon 24 hour DHSModeled Losses - HAZUS Polygon 24 hour FEMAModeled Losses - NISAC Polygon 24 hour DHSPlume Analysis Point 24 hour IMAACShakeMap Pager Point Immediate USGSVolcano Damage-Modeled Polygon 24 hour USGSWildfire Damage-Modeled Polygon 24 hour USGS

Table 2–4: Authoritative Data - Damage Assessment Mission - Modeling

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2.5 Field Data CollectionThere are many types of field collection efforts: windshield surveys, preliminary damage assessments (PDA), searches, detailed post-event surveys, program-specific inspections, etc. These efforts are labor intensive and require individuals to be placed into the damage area to meet the surge staffing requirements. Although these transient staff add to the burden of the impacted communities to provide food and lodging, they also provide additional income to the impacted area, aiding in the economic recovery of the geography.

In many cases, field data collection efforts provide the most detailed information on the impact of an event. While this is a great source for general impact information, it may be limited by the scope of the mission that created it (i.e., the FEMA Individual Assistance [IA] program does not look at military or university housing). In addition, field data assists in validating modeled information, identifies affected areas missed by other information collection means, and provides a ground presence, validating the event while supporting community relations by being in the field. The information collected ensures that the necessary services and commodities are provided to affected citizens as quickly as possible.


Each field data collection effort is intended to meet the specific missions of the hosting entity. This data also supports seemingly unrelated efforts in the greater emergency response environment by providing field-level information to the broader community. Field information is collected in a spatial context using GPS-based tools by the majority of entities conducting the work. Some data collection efforts are still focused on the collection of data manually out of mission necessity or lack of pre-planning. This information must be compiled

and processed to generate a geographic coordinate required for spatial reference.

Below are several field data collection efforts deployed on most federally declared disasters: • American Red Cross (ARC). The ARC

Disaster Assessment workers gather, analyze, interpret, and distribute accurate and timely information on the extent of the damage, overall impact, weather conditions, and demographics of a disaster-affected community. ARC teams focus on 15 “high-level” essential elements of information, which represent the broad categories of information to be collected about what has happened (typically excluding damage figures) as a result of any disaster.

• FEMA PDA Teams. Immediately following an event, FEMA sends out PDA teams to conduct windshield surveys of the impacted areas to assist in determining the level of assistance required from FEMA by county. The PDA teams are composed of FEMA and state staff representing the IA, PA, and Mitigation program areas. The information collected supports the state request for federal assistance and assists FEMA in determining the level and extent of federal assistance required.

• FEMA IA Inspections. Immediately following a disaster declaration, FEMA IA inspectors are deployed to inspect the households of individuals applying for federal assistance. These inspections are intended to verify levels of damage and focus on the habitability of private properties to ensure that basic levels of living requirements are met.

• FEMA Mitigation High Water Marks. For flood-related events, FEMA collects high water marks to determine the overall level of flooding within the inspected area. This information is used to support the NFIP in proper flood zoning and assists in making determinations of level of damage to impacted properties.

Best Practices - Disaster ClearinghousesThe concept of Disaster Clearinghouses originated with the earthquake community in an effort to coordinate post disaster field data collection and research activities. The Disaster Clearinghouses provide an ideal opportunity to access information on observed damages missed in formal program-based data collection efforts. Clearinghouses were used extensively in the aftermath of the Northridge, California earthquake in 1994, and then more formally developed in response to the Nisqually, Washington earthquake of 2001.

Following Hurricane Katrina in 2005, FEMA and Louisiana State University (LSU) established the LSU GIS Clearinghouse Cooperative (LGCC) to coordinate and centralize the collection and dissemination of geospatial information. The LGCC marked an important transition in the clearinghouse concept from a coordination of post disaster field data collection and research activities to a centralizing post disaster geospatial information and making the information available through innovative technologies. Innovative features of the LGCC include:

• Installing a 20 Terabyte, restricted access data server that provided a common storage area for geospatial data for use by federal, state, local, research and private sector users.

• Allowing users without GIS software to access and view high resolution imagery.

• Utilizing readily accessible Web-based technology such as Google Earth to share field data and other geospatial files, making them accessible to local officials and the disaster response community.

Disaster clearinghouses are scalable, unifying, and transferable, and will continue to serve a valuable role in post-event collection, coordination and dissemination of geospatial information.

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• FEMA Mitigation Assessment Team (MAT). FEMA’s Risk Reduction Branch will deploy a Mitigation Assessment Team (MAT) to conduct field inspections and technical evaluations of the performance of buildings subjected to damaging forces generated by an event. The primary purpose of the MAT’s technical evaluations is to identify design practices, construction methods, and building materials that either failed, or were successful in resisting such forces.

• FEMA Public Assistance (PA) Inspections. Once applicants to the FEMA PA program supply

information on damage locations, PA inspectors team up with state PA inspectors to create inspection teams. These PA teams visit individual sites to determine eligibility, validate levels of damage, and assist in the approval of inspected PA projects.

• Small Business Administration (SBA) Inspections. Similar to the FEMA IA inspections, the SBA conducts inspections of properties seeking assistance under the SBA disaster assistance program. Inspections are conducted

Table 2–5: Authoritative Data - Damage Assessment Mission - Ground Truth


Event Impact

Damage - Infrastructure

Commercial Building Damage Point 5 day FEMA (State/Local EOC)Government Building Damage Point 5 day FEMA (State/Local EOC)Residential Building Damage Point 5 day FEMA (State/Local EOC)Road Damage Polyline 24 hour FEMA (State/Local EOC)

Event Location

Damaged Areas (Report Derived) Polygon 3 day FEMA, JOC, StateEarthquake Damage-Field Reported Liquefaction

Polygon 48 hour USGS

Earthquake Damage-Field Reports Polygon 48 hour USGSEarthquake Damage-Reported (Did you feel it)

Polygon 24 hour USGS

Earthquake Impact-Measured (MMI) Polygon 24 hour USGSFEMA IMAT Reports Polygon 48 hour FEMAHigh Water Depth Polygon 4 day FEMA MitigationRed Cross Inspections Point 3 day ARCRed/Yellow Tag Reports Point 3 day FEMA/StateSBA Applicants Point 5 day SBAVolcano Damage-Field Reports Point 24 hour USGSWildfire Damage-Field Reports Polygon 24 hour USGS

Specialized Response Teams

DHS FEMA Damage Assessment Teams Point 48 hour FEMA

The Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC) consists of over 400 commercial, governmental, nonprofit and research organizations worldwide, participating to develop publicly available interface standards. OGC supports interoperable solutions that “geo-enable” the Web, wireless and location-based services. The standards empower technology developers to make spatial information and services accessible. OGC standards are developed in a unique consensus process to enable geoprocessing technologies to interoperate, or “plug and play”.

The DHS Geospatial Information Infrastructure (GII) utilizes OGC Web Feature Services (WFS) & Web Map Services (WMS) to make HSIP and other key data available to stakeholders through their HSIN credentials. While the GII provides core support for DHS related geospatial tools, OGC standards provide access to geospatial data across the community. These services allow users to connect to data they would otherwise maintain across their own IT infrastructures or workstations.

The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) Special Activity Airspace (SAA) Dissemination OGC Pilot demonstrates the feasibility of automating the dissemination and portrayal of SAA information to stakeholders and other external users via OGC WFS and Feature Portrayal Service (FPS). These services are implemented as part of the Aeronautical Information Exchange Model (AIXM) to support filtering, access, and portrayal of SAA information as well as notification to subscribed users of SAA updates.

OGC standards provide for an effective means to share and transport information in a geospatial context and to geo-enable the National Information Exchange Model (NIEM). Through the adoption of OGC Standards and NIEM, critical information can be efficiently collected, published, and visualized by the stakeholder community to better inform decision-making and operations.

Best Practices - Open Geospatial Consortium

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to verify level of damages and estimate costs for repairs to private properties.

• Local Red-Tag/Yellow-Tag Reports. At the city and county level, inspections are conducted immediately following an event to determine the structural safety of individual properties. This is commonly known as Red/Yellow tagging of structures. This data is frequently collected by local governments as they conduct inspections and share with state and federal entities supporting the response efforts.


Field data collection operations are typically self-sufficient in their information compilation and processing activities. Many feed automatically into larger database environments where they are combined with additional information collected through other means to support a specific program. In more dynamic environments, the information collected may be passed to geospatial staff in fixed or field facilities for additional processing and/or analysis. In the worst-case scenario, hand-written paper reports may require manual entry into computer-based systems to generate useful information for geospatial efforts.


Each entity conducting field data collection efforts is by default the authoritative source for the specific information acquired. Each data set is unique to the program it supports and may have use restrictions attached to it. These data sets are key in analysis requiring specific attributes; examples would include structures by type, owner/renter, water depth at a specific location, etc. As a secondary use, these data sets are used to support the overall damage assessment by providing field-level damage data, which provides additional visibility into the impacted areas (see Table 2–5).


The products resulting from the field collection efforts focus on the missions of the specific entities conducting the work. Output products are used in map and text-based reports and are often shared across the event. Field data products include:• Reported damage comparisons (FEMA IA, FEMA

PA, SBA, etc.)• Actual damage locations• Distribution of Red/Yellow tagged homes• High water marks

2.6 Information Sharing and Data DisseminationPre- and post-event information is shared across the geospatial community through multiple tools and systems. The individuals involved are aware of the information requirements of the situation and the data that is available to them. Ideally, our data management systems should be sharing this information in near real-time, however data sharing frequently occurs at the human-to-human level. As technologies supporting information sharing and data dissemination evolve, our requirements to share information through email and portable media should continue to diminish.

2.6.1 Information Sharing

Information sharing at the systems level is in the early stages of development. The ability to transport critical data element between the first-responder, front-line sensor and operational systems is beginning to approach reality. Through the implementation of information sharing standards such as those established by the National Information Exchange Model (NIEM) and Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC), geospatial information is becoming more portable and interoperable.

The Homeland Security Information Network (HSIN) is a national secure and trusted web-based portal for information sharing and collaboration between federal, state, local, tribal, territorial, private sector, and international partners engaged in the homeland security mission. HSIN is comprised of a network of Communities of Interest (COI) which are defined by organization or mission areas. Users can share within their communities or reach out to others as needed. HSIN provides real-time collaboration tools, including a virtual meeting space, instant messaging and document sharing. HSIN allows partners to work together instantly, regardless of their location, to communicate, collaborate, and coordinate.

The GIS COI serves as the central mechanism for sharing DHS-related geospatial information. The GIS Portal contains dedicated pages for GIS Products, Situational Awareness, HSIP Freedom, and the GeoCONOPS as well as links to many Federal geospatial programs. The DHS Geospatial Infrastructure (GII) and DHS OneView (geospatial viewer) reside here and are accessible using a HSIN user account.

DHS is currently engaged in developing a next generation HSIN (HSIN-NextGen) platform that will replace the current HSIN implementation. The vision of the HSIN-NextGen is as a national information sharing and collaboration platform that:

• Serves as a conduit to unclassified data and analysis regarding people, places, events, resources and activities.

• Is owned and maintained by DHS and other domestic and international users.

• Is shared in a multi-directional, trusted, and secure environment.

Best Practices - Homeland Security Information Network

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For dynamic data exchanges, DHS supports NIEM and OGC standards to facilitate data dissemination and information movement. NIEM represents a collaborative partnership of agencies and organizations across all levels of government (federal, state, tribal, and local) and with private industry. The purpose of NIEM is to effectively and efficiently share critical information at key decision points throughout the whole of the justice, public safety, emergency and disaster management, intelligence, and homeland security enterprise. NIEM is designed to develop, disseminate, and support enterprise-wide information exchange standards and processes that will enable jurisdictions to automate information sharing. The NIEM emergency management domain data elements and attributes were derived from existing messaging standards promulgated by the Emergency Data Exchange Language (EDXL) initiative, including the Common Alert Protocol (CAP v1.1), Distribution Element (DE), and Hospital Availability Exchange (HAVE), EDXL functions as a stand-alone suite of messaging standards.

The mission communities who built the NIEM Framework (law enforcement/public safety, emergency management, infrastructure protection, screening ), from the very beginning recognized that location or proximity relationships require “geospatial data” and the exchange of information with “geospatial context” was a fundamental requirement for understanding and informing decisions. This is particularly powerful because geospatial data provides an intuitive mechanism for cross-mission – cross-community – information-sharing and information-understanding and allows us to Prepare Nationally and Respond Locally.

NIEM promulgates OGC standards and location elements in the following manner. NIEM defines simple location concepts (address, city, 2D longitude/latitude, grid coordinates) using NIEMified data constructs. NIEM uses OGC GML for more complex

geospatial constructs, such as 3D Point, LineString, CircleByCenterpoint, Polygon, using OGC GML. NIEM reuses about 10% of the GML constructs in the domain model (15 of ~150 GML data objects).

The OGC is an international industry consortium of government agencies and organizations, universities, and the private sector that develops publicly available interface standards that are geo-enabled and interoperable. OGC develops standards through a consensus process involving commercial, government, and academic partners to address problems relating to the creation, communication, and use of geospatial information. OGC activities are broadly organized around ten domains or communities of interest, including the Emergency Response and Disaster Management domain. OGC standards are built to geo-enable the exchange of information among and between systems used by organizations operating in different jurisdictions, knowledge networks, and domains of activity to reduce the time required to find, analyze, and update critical information.

The net result of information exchange models and open standards is that Homeland Security stakeholders have more information available to them before, during and after an emergency or disaster occurs. Through the adoption of the NIEM and OGC Standards, critical information can be collected, published, and visualized with minimal effort to the stakeholder community to better inform decision-making and operations.

2.6.2 Data Dissemination

Data dissemination is accomplished through many sources as opposed to a single centralized venue. While this is effective in promoting information data sharing and general wide area access, it does not provide a consolidated or managed source for either. Currently the formal location for posting and accessing geospatial data is through the Homeland

The National Information Exchange Model (NIEM) is a program supported by DHS and other Federal government partners. NIEM connects communities sharing a common need to exchange information to advance their missions and is intended to be the best practice for intergovernmental information exchange. NIEM provides a common vocabulary to ensure consistency and understanding among domains that may not collaborate traditionally. NIEM promulgates location elements using Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC) standards.

DHS and the Law Enforcement communities leverage NIEM to enable the exchange of suspicious activity reports. These reports support information sharing between DHS critical infrastructure owners/operators, the National Infrastructure Coordination Center (NICC) and the National Suspicious Activity Report Initiative (NSI). Suspicious activity reports utilize LEX-PD to transport reports between disparate systems across the DHS/DOJ mission space.

The Maritime Notice of Arrival (NOA) mission, led by the Department of Defense ensures that vessels bound for US ports meet their 96 hour notification requirement to provide key information concerning vessel, cargo, and crew data. Location information is tracked as position coordinates and geolocatable through visualization tools. Information is collected and disseminated utilizing NIEM-M. The NOA increases situational awareness, enables predictive analytics, and enhances threat evaluation by producing more actionable information.

NIEM is not limited to law enforcement and justice communities. The emergency management domain data elements and attributes were derived from existing messaging standards developed by the Emergency Data Exchange Language (EDXL) initiative. Using NIEM, practitioners in government and industry can share accurate, complete, timely, and appropriately secured information to enable informed decision making.

Best Practices - National Information Exchange Model

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Security Information Network (HSIN) and DHS Geospatial Information Infrastructure (GII) using capabilities such as the OneView web map viewer or the OGC web services for HSIP data. In addition, the USGS maintains the Hazard Data Distribution System (HDDS). The HDDS (http://hdds.usgs.gov/hdds/) provides storage and dissemination of USGS-hosted imagery and datasets related to emergency response activities. Imagery data hosted in HDDS can be categorized as public or restricted as required.

The community continues to utilize FTP and email as fall-backs to meet their basic data sharing requirements. Vector data products are fairly compact in individual file size, facilitating data sharing through web services, e-mail, and web postings. With agile delivery options, emergency managers have access to these data products in a timely manner to assist in their decision making. Larger data files such as imagery or national datasets are more difficult to manage. Frequently these data types are shared through the physical transfer of external hard drives and other portable media.

2.7 Geospatial Production and DeliveryThe production and delivery of geospatial products in the disaster environment is a challenge because each event brings unique circumstances and solutions. The information requirements, data availability, and customer base are driven by the event. Pre-planning allows for immediate activation and productivity as the teams adjust as required to ensure products are available when needed. The production of geospatial products can occur at either a fixed or field facility.• Fixed facilities provide internal and external

support focused at their areas of responsibility. Often, surge staff and resources are brought in to assist with the large workloads and long hours associated with disaster operations. For typical day-to-day operations, geospatial staffing may be

1–5 individuals. When activated, the staff count might climb to 8–10 individuals to meet the surge requirements of an event. Entities with specific surge plans have the opportunity to pre-train staff to minimize delays in response and recovery efforts. Hardware and software is generally pre-configured and available to the workforce as they arrive.

• Field facilities are typically created rapidly to accommodate the requirements of the event. On smaller events, this entity may be fully operational with 1–5 individuals while large events may require a staffing level of 30+ people. As the magnitude of the event and support requirements increase so does the level of complexity of the geospatial entity supporting it.

2.7.1 Production

The initial point at which a geospatial product request is taken is vital to its execution and completion. The Geospatial Request for Information (RFI) must provide enough information to ensure that the product delivered to the requestor is accurate, timely, and effective. With the multitude of RFIs, a system must be defined to triage them against mission requirements and priorities, requestor responsibilities, and geospatial capabilities.

Several geospatial products are developed during every event: maps, analysis, analytical results, reports, and geospatial data. Paper maps are the predominate geospatial product for onsite RFIs. These products are used for low-tech briefings, posting on conference room walls, and literally placing critical information into the hands of key leadership. Digital graphics provide the medium for basic information sharing, reproduction, and archiving. These products are e-mailed, embedded into text-based reports, and posted to HSIN and other web-based locations.

The Request for Information (RFI) process streamlines geospatial product delivery and ensures the requests meet the needs of the requestor. To meet the growing information requirements of its internal and external customers, the DHS Office of Infrastructure Protection (IP) has defined a RFI process for managing requests for infrastructure related information. The enterprise RFI solution is designed to fulfill requests for infrastructure data which are vital for preparing, responding to, or supporting events that require DHS resources. RFIs can include (but are not limited to) data, map products, policy, guidelines, and reports related to infrastructure data.

Incoming RFIs require the collaboration of various divisions within IP to complete the RFI process; because the National Infrastructure Coordinating Center (NICC) manages collaboration between all IP divisions, IP mission partners are able to use a single interface to submit a RFI. The NICC is responsible for capturing and tracking all RFIs submitted to IP. When an event occurs, the Incident Management Cell (IMC) provides surge support to handle the influx of event-related RFIs. The IMC coordinates event-related RFIs with the NICC to ensure that all event-related RFIs are:

• Identified and documented • Submitted into the RFI system• Reviewed for sufficient information accuracy • Routed to the appropriate party for action • Tracked • Provided to the requestor upon completion

Best Practices - Requests for Information

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Often, RFIs result in large volumes of ad hoc products for specific customers resulting in the mass production of large volumes of unique paper map products. In these scenarios, efforts are immediately streamlined by consolidating multiple similar products into a single product. Process flows of large production efforts must be completely documented to ensure continued success. These operations may require a large amount of printing, packaging, and hardware resources unavailable locally; teams should plan to order them in from outside sources.

2.7.2 Delivery

The delivery of geospatial RFI products is normally a routine activity. For disaster support, additional thought and conversation is needed to determine the proper format for product delivery. Factoring the product destination (fixed location vs. field location), purpose (briefing, embedded report, etc.), timeliness (5 minutes, today, tomorrow, etc.) and audience (public, internal, classified, etc.) will assist in defining the final output type. Prior to releasing products, each should be checked for errors in spelling, grammar, dates, symbology, and general accuracy.

Paper products require the greatest amount of hardware and consumable resources. Teams should ensure that adequate supplies are available to support the estimated printing requirements. For events requiring information management in a secure environment, specific data and products should be stored appropriately. Printed products are immediately out of date, which will drive regular revisions to ensure product currency. When defining a geospatial RFI management system, the designer should make certain that it provides closure when a request is completed to ensure that products get to customers.

Digital graphics are essentially electronic prints of the products listed above and therefore must adhere to the same guidance. These files are easily distributed widely and often presented to other stakeholders

as needed. Teams should expect to field e-mail and phone questions on products and be prepared to defend the data, analysis, and presentation of these products.

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3.0 ppd-8 mission areas

This section details the five mission areas defined in PPD-8: Prevention, Protection, Mitigation, Response, and Recovery. Each mission area sub-section encompasses multiple federal partners to accomplish their goals and discusses the geospatial requirements and specific products supporting each of their roles.

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3.1 Prevention MissionPreparedness implies a state of readiness or the taking of preventative measures to minimize the impacts of a disastrous event on life and property. Preparedness efforts are undertaken in advance of an event and build upon the experiences of past and predictions of future events.

DHS National Planning Scenarios

Overview

The Homeland Security Council (HSC), in partnership with the DHS, federal interagency partners, and state and local homeland security agencies has developed fifteen all-hazards planning scenarios to assist stakeholders with understanding the range of required prevention, protection, response, and recovery resources and requirements. From this, the SWG refined and vetted fifteen all hazards planning scenarios. The National Planning Scenarios, which depict a diverse set of high-consequence threat scenarios of both potential terrorist attacks and natural disasters. Collectively, the 15 scenarios are designed to focus contingency planning for homeland security preparedness work at all levels of government and with the private sector. The scenarios form the basis for coordinated federal planning, training, exercises, and grant investments needed to prepare for emergencies of all types. Twelve represent terrorist attacks; three represent natural disasters or naturally occurring epidemics. Each of the 15 scenarios follows the same outline to include a detailed scenario description, planning considerations, and implications.

The fifteen all-hazards National Planning Scenarios are an integral component of DHS’ capabilities-based approach to implementing Homeland Security Presidential Directive 8: National Preparedness (HSPD-8). The scenarios serve as the foundation for the development of homeland security tasks, target

capabilities, and standards and performance metrics against which capabilities and tasks will ultimately be measured. The scenario-derived capabilities and standards serve as a basis for assessing national preparedness; help guide Federal preparedness assistance to State, local, and tribal governments; and assist in development of national exercises and training programs. These scenarios do not represent the full extent of potential scenarios and should be considered in support of capability based planning.

Operational Support

The planning scenario documents provide key information for activities related to similar event scenarios.

Authoritative Data

The scenarios do not generate any specific authoritative data but do provide information relevant to their respective event and scenario location. The details captured are applicable to similar event scenarios likely to impact the US in the future. Reviewing these materials provides the reader with subject matter specific information to support their involvement in activities related to actual events.

Specific Products

Each of the planning scenarios discusses general scenario descriptions, overall planning considerations, geographic considerations, timelines, and key implications. While not geospatial specific, the scenarios incorporate analysis from multiple tools and methodologies.

FEMA Chemical Stockpile Emergency Preparedness Program

Overview

The Chemical Stockpile Emergency Preparedness Program (CSEPP) is a partnership between the Federal Emergency Management Agency and the U.S. Department of the Army, providing emergency preparedness assistance and resources to communities surrounding the Army’s chemical warfare agent stockpiles. In accordance with international treaties and national policy, the Army is fulfilling its mission to eliminate aging chemical munitions and warfare materials housed at the stockpile installations. CSEPP will remain in place until the stockpiles are completely destroyed.

The CSEPP efforts are designed to protect the health and safety of the public, work force, and environment from the effects of a chemical accident or incident involving the U.S. Army chemical stockpile. FEMA works closely with the U.S. Army; state, local and tribal emergency management agencies; public health, environmental, fire, rescue, and law enforcement professionals; medical providers, and elected officials to provide emergency preparedness assistance in CSEPP communities. Program components include emergency planning, training, public outreach and education, exercises, medical preparedness and response, public alert and notification, and communications.

Operational Support

In the event of a chemical release, the affected installation will operate as the incident manager for the event. Activities would include guidance on citizen evacuations and sheltering, information on the released chemical(s), and modeled plume information for the event. This information would be released to

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the impacted cities, counties, and states immediately and updated as the event progresses.

Authoritative Data

(see Table 3–1)

Specific Products

The majority of the CSEPP products are not geospatial however most relate back to the authoritative data listed above. This program is deeply vested in annual training and exercise activities with products documenting shelter guidance, medical evaluation, and general event response activities.

A recent geospatial-specific tool, the Special Population Planner (SPP) has been developed and is operational with the Alabama Emergency Management Agency and six Alabama counties. The SPP facilitates emergency planning for special-needs populations in effort to empower and prepare the community for related disasters.

FEMA Citizen Corps

Overview

Citizen Corps was created in 2002 to help coordinate volunteer activities that will make our communities safer, stronger, and better prepared to respond to any emergency situation. Citizen Corps is coordinated nationally by FEMA and works closely with other federal entities, state and local governments, first responders and emergency managers, the volunteer community, and the Corporation for National & Community Service.

It provides opportunities for people to participate in a range of measures to make their families, their homes, and their communities safer from the threats of crime, terrorism, and disasters of all kinds.

Through citizen involvement in supporting preparedness, training Citizen Corps builds on the successful efforts that are in place in many communities around the country to prevent crime and respond to emergencies. Programs that started through local innovation are the foundation for Citizen Corps and this national approach to citizen participation in community safety.

The Citizen Corps mission is accomplished through a national network of state, local, and tribal Citizen Corps Councils. These councils build on community strengths to implement the Citizen Corps preparedness programs and carry out a local strategy to involve government, community leaders, and citizens in all-hazards preparedness and resilience. The 5 Citizen Corps programs are:• Community Emergency Response Teams

(CERT): Provides training to prepare citizens to respond to emergency situations in their communities.

• Fire Corps: Promotes the use of citizen advocates (volunteers) to support and augment the capacity of resource-constrained fire and emergency service departments at all levels: volunteer, combination, and career.

• Medical Reserve Corps (MRC): Coordinates the skills of practicing and retired physicians, nurses and other health professionals as well as other citizens interested in health issues, who are eager to volunteer to address their community’s ongoing

public health needs and to help their community during large-scale emergency situations.

• USAonWatch: Serves as the face of the National Neighborhood Watch Program with time-tested practices such as “eyes-and-ears” training and target-hardening techniques.

• Volunteers in Police Service (VIPS): Provides support and resources for agencies interested in developing or enhancing a volunteer program and for citizens who wish to volunteer their time and skills with a law enforcement agency.

Operational Support

Following a crisis event, Citizen Corps programs will support local emergency responders, disaster relief efforts, and overall community safety. Through these pre-arranged volunteer opportunities, citizens will be vetted, trained, and ready to provide immediate assistance to their communities.

Local CERT members can provide critical support to first responders, immediate assistance to survivors, and organize spontaneous volunteers at a disaster site. • Fire Corps vvolunteers will work side-by-side

with fire and emergency service departments in support of their first-responder duties.

• MRC members will assist in the provision of much-needed medical assistance by volunteer citizens, practicing and retired physicians, nurses and other health professionals.

Table 3–1: Authoritative Data – Prevention Mission – FEMA Chemical Stockpile Emergency Preparedness Program

Sub Category Theme Type POCEmergency Services

Shelter Locations CSEPP Pressurized Shelters Point DHS/FEMA

Man-Made HazardsEmergency Warning Protective Action Zones Polygon DHS/FEMAEmergency Warning Incident Plume Data Polygon DHS/FEMA

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• USAonWatch coordination will support “community-watch activities” at a time when local law enforcement is occupied with specific response & recovery duties.

• VIPS volunteers will support the formal activities of state and local law enforcement agencies.

Authoritative Data

(see Table 3–2)

Specific ProductsThe Citizen Corps programs provide data systems tracking membership, training, and resources. While this information is not widely available outside the program management, there are map products available for the Authoritative data listed above as well as a Program locator application located on their internet site.

FEMA Continuity of Operations Division

Overview

Continuity of Operations (COOP) is an effort within individual executive departments and agencies to ensure that Primary Mission Essential Functions (PMEF) continue to be performed during a wide range of emergencies, including localized acts of nature, accidents and technological or attack-related emergencies. The ultimate goal of continuity efforts in the executive branch is the continuation of National Essential Functions (NEF). In order to achieve that goal, the objective for organizations is to identify their Essential Functions (EF) and ensure that those functions can be continued throughout, or resumed rapidly after, a disruption of normal activities.

An organization’s resiliency is directly related to the effectiveness of its continuity capability and ability to perform its essential functions continuously. The continuity program staff within an agency

• Provide for attaining operational capability within 12 hours

• Establish reliable processes and procedures to acquire resources necessary to continue essential functions and sustain operations for up to 30 days

Operational Support

It is the policy of the United States to have in place a comprehensive and effective program to ensure continuity of essential Federal functions under all circumstances. As a baseline of preparedness for the full range of potential emergencies, all Federal agencies shall have in place a viable COOP capability which ensures the performance of their essential functions during any emergency or situation that may disrupt normal operations.

Any event that makes it impossible for employees to work in their regular facility could result in the activation of a continuity plan. In this situation there are typically four phases of Continuity of Operations Activation:• Phase I – Readiness and Preparedness• Phase II – Activation and Relocation: plans,

procedures, and schedules to transfer activities,

shall coordinate and oversee the development and implementation of continuity plans and supporting procedures. These activities establish consistent performance metrics, compile best practices, develop implementation plans, and facilitate cross-agency continuity evaluations.

A COOP plan shall be developed and documented that when implemented will provide for continued performance of essential Federal functions under all circumstances. According to Federal Preparedness Circular 65, at a minimum, the plan should:• Delineate essential functions and activities• Outline a decision process for determining

appropriate actions in implementing COOP plans and procedures

• Establish a roster of fully equipped and trained emergency personnel with the authority to perform essential functions and activities

• Include procedures for employee advisories, alerts, and COOP plan activation, with instructions for relocation to pre-designated facilities, with and without warning, during duty and non-duty hours

• Provide for personnel accountability throughout the duration of the emergency

Table 3–2: Authoritative Data – Prevention Mission – FEMA Citizen Corps

Sub Category Theme Type POCEmergency Services

Emergency Resources Citizen Corps Councils Areas Polygon DHS/FEMAEmergency Resources Community Emergency Response Team/Program Areas Polygon DHS/FEMAEmergency Resources Community Emergency Response Team Staging Areas Point DHS/FEMAEmergency Resources Fire Corps Program Locations Point DHS/FEMAEmergency Resources Medical Reserve Corps Program Locations Point DHS/FEMAEmergency Resources USAonWatch Program Locations Point DHS/FEMAEmergency Resources Volunteers in Police Service Program Locations Point DHS/FEMA

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personnel, records, and equipment to alternate facilities are activated

• Phase III – Continuity Operations: full execution of essential operations at alternate operating facilities is commenced

• Phase IV – Reconstitution: operations at alternate facility are terminated and normal operations resume

During incident response activities any of these phases could be activated with varying impacts on the event operations.

Authoritative Data

(see Table 3–3)

Specific Products

All executive departments of the US Federal Government maintain COOP plans which include location-specific information.

FEMA Homeland Security Exercise and Evaluation Program

Overview

The Homeland Security Exercise and Evaluation Program (HSEEP) provides common exercise policy and program guidance through a performance-based exercise program. Through exercises, the National Exercise Program supports organizations to achieve objective assessments of their capabilities so that strengths and areas for improvement are identified, corrected, and shared as appropriate prior to a real incident. HSEEP provides a standardized methodology and terminology for exercise design, development, conduct, evaluation, and improvement planning regardless of the nature and composition of their sponsoring agency or organization.

HSEEP reflects lessons learned and best practices from existing exercise programs and can be adapted to the full spectrum of hazardous scenarios and incidents (e.g., natural disasters, terrorism, and technological events). The HSEEP documents and reference volumes integrate language and concepts from the National Response Plan (NRP), the National Incident Management System (NIMS), the National Preparedness Goal, the Universal Task List (UTL), the Target Capabilities List (TCL), existing exercise programs, and prevention and response protocols from all levels of government.

Operational Support

As a significant preparedness effort, HSEEP links the exercise community to geospatial products. Exercise efforts are quickly expanding their use of spatial information for identifying their respective geographic areas and providing mock-situational awareness in a format consistent with tools utilized in Homeland Security missions. Products and data developed for exercise support will have an immediate and relevant place in response to a similar event.

Authoritative Data

While authoritative data is developed and shared through HSEEP activities, it remains unique to the scenario and geography is designed around. Currently, this information is not maintained in a central location and must be requested through the relevant exercise organization.

Specific Products

The HSEEP utilizes scenario-based geospatial products, including HAZUS, in exercise design, development, conduct and improvement planning.

FEMA Logistics Management Directorate

Overview

The Logistics Management Directorate (LMD) has the mission to effectively plan, manage and sustain national logistics response and recovery operations, in support of domestic emergencies and special events, acting as the National Logistics Coordinator (NLC) or Single Logistics Integrator for domestic incident support. LMD is organized around the following four core competencies:• Logistics Operations - Manages and executes

the national logistics command and coordination, tracking and reporting for all-hazards operations

• Logistics Plans and Exercises - Develops and provides cohesive and synchronized logistics plans and exercises to achieve both short and long term readiness requirements

• Distribution Management - Manages a comprehensive supply chain, warehouse and transportation operation

• Property Management - Provides management oversight, internal control and technical reviews in the areas of property accountability, reutilization, and disposal of Disaster Operations equipment

Table 3–3: Authoritative Data – Prevention Mission – FEMA Continuity of Operations Division

Sub Category Theme Type POCSpecialized Response Teams

Other Federal Agency Continuity Facility Locations Point DHS/FEMA

Other Federal Agency Emergency Employee Locations Point DHS/FEMA

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Operational Support

FEMA relies on the LMD to maintain and deliver life-saving commodities in support of its all hazards mission. Central to this concept are the Initial Response Resources (IRR) that are ready to be deployed to relieve the suffering of disaster survivors. These items consist of six basic items: 1) water, 2) tarps, 3) meals 4) cots, 5) blue roof sheeting, and 6) blankets. These items are intended to sustain lives and prevent further property damage during an emergency or disaster.

During catastrophic events IRR commodities may be distributed to as many as 60 forward sites for distribution. During complex disaster scenarios these commodities flow through specifically designed National Logistics Support Bases (NLSB) operated by FEMA’s Logistics Management Directorate, to State Resourced Staging Areas, also known as Points of Distribution (POD) operated by State and Local governments.

Authoritative Data

(see Table 3–4)

Specific Products

The Logistics Supply Chain Management System (previously Total Asset Visibility (TAV) (LSCMS) supports FEMA’s mission of responding to all hazards expediently and efficiently by improving

the performance and accountability of the nation’s end-to-end supply chain management of critical assets and commodities. Through this process LSCMS supports the LMD mission as the National Logistics Coordinator.

FEMA National Exercise Division

Overview The National Exercise Division (NED) was established within FEMA to develop, coordinate, and manage a national exercise program that would enable Federal, Tribal, Territorial, Regional, State, and local stakeholders to exercise and evaluate their preparedness capabilities in a consistent and integrated manner. Under the NED, the Homeland Security Exercise and Evaluation Program (HSEEP) was established as the nation’s capabilities-based exercise and evaluation program to develop standardized policy, methodology, and terminology for all aspects of exercise design, development, conduct, evaluation, and improvement planning.

Operational SupportWhile focused at exercise and opportunities, the National Exercise and Simulation Center (NESC) provides an EOC-type training environment suitable for supporting the FEMA NRCC with desk space as well as access to the multitude of exercise and simulation tools available to the NED.

Authoritative DataWhile authoritative data is developed and shared through NED and NESC activities, it remains unique to the scenario and geography it is designed around. Currently this information is not maintained in a central location for distribution in support of response and recovery activities.

Specific ProductsThe Standard Unified Modeling Mapping Integration Toolkit (SUMMIT) provides the NESC with the ability to discover and integrate geospatial models, data, and SME expertise applicable to specified hazards, regions, and objectives. SUMMIT supports the generation of simulations that can rapidly ingest collaborative data and deliver an integrated analysis and display of the simulated results.

FEMA Public Affairs

Overview

FEMA’s role in providing Public Information supports the communication of timely, accurate, and accessible information on the incident’s cause, size, and current situation to the public, responders, and other stakeholders. Public information is coordinated and integrated across jurisdictions, agencies, and organizations; among Federal, State, tribal, and local governments; and with NGOs and the private sector.

Operational Support

Both before and following an incident, FEMA provides key public information on historic and current disasters. As much of the event information is FOUO, the FEMA Public Information staff serves as the public’s portal for information and map-based products. In coordination with the FEMA Office of Public Affairs, the Public information Officer assigned to an event is responsible for gathering, verifying, coordinating, and disseminating this information for both internal and external use. These

Table 3–4: Authoritative Data – Prevention Mission – FEMA Logistics Management Directorate

Sub Category Theme Type POCField Operation Locations

DHS/FEMA IRR Commodity Locations Polygon DHS/FEMA

DHS/FEMA State Resourced Staging Area Locations Point DHS/FEMAGovernment Facilities

DHS/FEMA National Logistics Support Locations Point DHS/FEMA

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activities take place at the NRCC, RRCC, JFO, and JIC and relevant information is disseminated across a coordinated series of mechanisms to include email, web sites, and social network services.

Authoritative Data

(see Table 3–5)

Specific Products

FEMA provides public access to current and historic information through their web site (http://www.fema.gov/hazard/index.shtm). From this location, access is provided to the authoritative data listed above, text reports, and map products for specific events and general interests. Products include; analytical national maps, current map products from major events, historic maps/data, and links to other FEMA programs.

FEMA Radiological Emergency Preparedness Program

Overview

FEMA established the Radiological Emergency Preparedness (REP) Program to ensure the health and safety of citizens living around commercial nuclear power plants would be adequately protected in the event of a nuclear power plant accident and inform and educate the public about radiological emergency preparedness. This is accomplished in coordination with the Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC), and the facility owners and operators.

The REP Program has responsibility for activities outside the nuclear power plant boundaries. The program provides emergency planning and preparedness support to the State, tribal and local governments adjacent to the nuclear power plants. All onsite activities fall under the responsibility of the NRC for regulatory compliance, emergency planning, and incident response.

Operational Support

When a radiological emergency occurs, nuclear power plant personnel evaluate plant conditions and make protective action recommendations to the state and local government agencies on how to protect the population. Based on the recommendation and independent assessment of other local factors, the state or local government agencies are responsible for making decisions on the actions necessary to protect the public and for relaying these decisions to the public.

Factors that affect protective action decisions include plant conditions, competing events, weather, evacuation times, shelter factors, how quickly an incident develops, how short-lived a release of radiation may be, and other conditions.

Initial protective actions considered for a radiological emergency include evacuation and sheltering. These recommendations would be expected to include a two-mile radius around the plant along with citizens living and working in the 5 and 10-mile zone directly downwind and slightly too either side of the projected path of the release.

Authoritative Data

(see Table 3–6)

Specific Products

Planning maps are produced for each nuclear facility and should be available through the respective FEMA Region and/or State EOC.

3.2 Protection MissionThe Protection Mission addresses capabilities to safeguard against acts of terrorism and man-made or natural disasters. Through collaboration and cooperation, this mission aims to protect the citizens, residents, visitors, and critical assets, systems, and networks against risks.

FBI Joint Terrorism Task Force

Overview

The Joint Terrorism Task Force (JTTF) is an FBI-sponsored multijurisdictional function established specifically to conduct terrorism-related investigations. Analytic and information-sharing efforts carried out by the JTTFs are done solely to support those investigative efforts. They serve as the coordinated “action arm” for federal, state, and local government responses to terrorist threats in specific U.S. geographic regions. The FBI is the lead agency that oversees JTTFs, whose benefits include:• “One-stop shopping” for law enforcement

information or investigation of suspected or real terrorist activities;

• Use of a shared intelligence base;• Ability to prosecute cases in the jurisdiction that

is most efficient and effective;• Task-force member awareness of investigations

within a jurisdiction and ability to assist in investigations in other jurisdictions; and

• Familiarity among agencies, investigators, and managers before a crisis occurs.

Table 3–5: Authoritative Data – Prevention Mission – FEMA Public Affairs

Sub Category Theme Type POCEvent Damage

Event Location FEMA Designated Counties Polygon DHS/FEMAEvent Location FEMA Imagery Derived Damage Areas Polygon DHS/FEMA

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The mission of a JTTF is to leverage the collective resources of the member agencies for the prevention, preemption, deterrence, and investigation of terrorist acts that affect United States interests, to disrupt and prevent terrorist acts, and to apprehend individuals who may commit or plan to commit such acts. To further this mission, a JTTF serves as a means to facilitate information sharing among its members.• As of January 2011, there are 104 JTTFs based

nationwide, including at least one in each of the FBI’s 56 field offices.

• More than 600 state and local agencies participate in JTTFs nationwide. Federal representation includes representatives from the U.S. Intelligence Community, the Departments of Homeland Security, Defense, Justice, Treasury, Transportation, Commerce, Energy, State, and Interior, among others.

National Joint Terrorism Task Force (NJTTF) mission is to enhance communication, coordination, and cooperation between federal, state, and local government agencies representing the intelligence, law enforcement, defense, diplomatic, public safety, transportation, and homeland security communities by providing a point of fusion for terrorism intelligence

and by supporting the JTTFs throughout the United States.

• The NJTTF was established in July 2002 to serve as a coordinating mechanism with the FBI’s partners.

• Forty-nine agencies are represented in the NJTTF, which has become a focal point for information sharing and the management of large-scale projects that involve multiple partners.

Operational Support

The JTTFs conduct their work in advance of terror-based events. The analysis conducted is intended to discover and prevent acts of terrorism from reaching maturity and execution. During an event the JTTFs would continue to monitor and analyze information looking for follow-on acts and additional information defining the attack. Following an event, efforts would transition to intelligence collection in support of criminal investigations and prosecution.

Authoritative Data

Data products developed by the JTTF would fall into classified and law enforcement sensitive environments. Only filtered information would be shared with the

general emergency management community. Through representatives of the JTTF, information sharing would be established with the Federal, State, and local communities supporting the aftermath of an event.

Specific Products

Products released from the JTTFs would include reports and filtered data. Anticipated products would be expected to include information on specific event details to include; impact details, immediate environmental safety issues, and any site closure details.

FEMA Integrated Public Alert and Warning System

Overview

Executive Order 13407 established as policy the requirement for the United States to have an effective, reliable, integrated, flexible, and comprehensive system to alert and warn the American people. FEMA is designated within the Department of Homeland Security to implement this policy of the United States for a public alert and warning system as outlined in Executive Order 13407 and has established a program office to implement Integrated Public Alert and Warning System (IPAWS). FEMA and its federal partners, the Federal Communications Commission, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration’s National Weather Service and the DHS Science and Technology Directorate are working together to transform the national alert and warning system to enable rapid dissemination of authenticated alert information over as many communications channels as possible.

During an emergency, alert and warning officials need to provide the public with life-saving information quickly, regardless of what communications technologies they use. IPAWS is a modernization and integration of the nation’s alert and warning

Table 3–6: Authoritative Data – Prevention Mission – FEMA Radiological Emergency Preparedness Program

Sub Category Theme Type POCEvent Impact

Evacuation REP Nuclear Evacuation Routes Polyline DHS/FEMA

Evacuation REP Relocation Areas Polygon DHS/FEMA

Event Location REP Modeled Plume Polygon DHS/FEMA

Man-Made Hazards

Emergency Warning REP Emergency Planning Zone (EPZ) – Plume Exposure (10 miles)

Polygon DHS/FEMA

Emergency Warning REP Emergency Planning Zone (EPZ) – Ingestion Pathway (50 miles)

Polygon DHS/FEMA

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infrastructure, integrating new and existing public alert and warning systems and technologies from Federal, State, territorial, tribal, and local governments. The system is intended to provide a broader range of message options and communications pathways for the delivery of alert and warning information to the American people before, during, and after a disaster.

Operational Support

In support of emergency incidents, IPAWS serves as the federal communication channel for emergency alerts and messaging. This information may originate with Federal, state, and/or local government officials, reaching out to the citizens with urgent messages. The system provides coverage to 90% of the American public through broadcast stations (Primary Entry Points (PEP)) located throughout the country with a direct connection to resilient transmission capabilities. These stations provide the initial broadcast of a Presidential EAS message directly to any mobile device within range of particular cellular communications towers.

With the mission to provide integrated services and capabilities to local, state, and federal authorities that enable them to alert and warn their respective communities via multiple communications methods, the public can expect the expansion of alert notifications technologies through current technologies. This process will disseminate information quickly in an automated manner, allowing critical crisis management resources to focus notification efforts on areas outside the messaging reach.

Authoritative Data

(see Table 3–7)

Specific Products

The Commercial Mobile Alert System (CMAS) is one of the major components of the IPAWS. The CMAS component will provide an interface to participating cellular mobile service providers for delivery of critical

alert information to mobile devices in a danger zone. Specifically, the IPAWS CMAS capability will provide Federal, state, territorial, tribal and local government officials the ability to send 90 character, geographically targeted text alerts to the public ,warning of imminent threats to life and property. The cellular industry, the FCC, and DHS S&T are critical partners with FEMA in developing this new alerting capability. The initial requirements of the system were developed by an advisory committee established by the FCC in accordance with the Warning, Alert and Response Network (“WARN”) Act of 2006. The Commercial Mobile Service Alert Advisory Committee (CMSAAC) conducted meetings during 2008 with findings published in three FCC Report and Order documents.

NOAA is developing the Geo-Targeted Alerting System (GTAS) in partnership with IPAWS for plume modeling and collaboration. GTAS will quickly estimate the affected area during a HAZMAT incident using current weather conditions and allow for the rapid creation of a CAP message for public alerting. GTAS also provides collaboration tools for emergency managers to leverage the expertise of their supporting National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office.

Fusion Centers

Overview

The Fusion Center is a dedicated element, run by the applicable state or local jurisdiction, that exchanges information and intelligence, maximizes resources, streamlines operations, and improves the ability to disrupt, prevent, respond to, and recover from all

threats by analyzing data from a variety of sources. This center is defined as a “collaborative effort of two or more agencies that provide resources, expertise, and information to the center with the goal of maximizing a center’s ability to detect, prevent, investigate, and respond to criminal and terrorist activity.” They focus primarily on the intelligence and fusion processes through which information is gathered, integrated, evaluated, analyzed, and disseminated. State and major urban area fusion centers provide analysis and information-sharing capabilities that support the efforts of state and local law enforcement to prevent and investigate crime and terrorism. Fusion centers receive information from a variety of sources, including state and local tips and leads as well as federal information and intelligence. By “fusing” information from a wide variety of disciplines to conduct analysis, fusion centers generate products that are timely and relevant to their customers’ needs. This allows state and local law enforcement to address immediate and emerging threat-related circumstances and events. It also supports risk-based, information-driven prevention, response, and consequence management.

• As of January 2011, there are 72 designated fusion centers (50 state and 22 Major Urban Areas).

• Fusion centers are designed to involve every level and discipline of government, private-sector entities, and the public—though the level of involvement of some participants will vary.

• Fusion centers are state and locally owned and operated. The Department of Homeland Security (DHS) has a statutory program to support fusion centers.

Table 3–7: Authoritative Data – Protection Mission – FEMA Integrated Public Alert and Warning System

Sub Category Theme Type POCTelecommunications

Broadcasting IPAWS Coverage Areas (Messaging Type) Polygon DHS/FEMA

Broadcasting Primary Entry Points (PEP) Point DHS/FEMA

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Operational Support

The Fusion Centers interact directly with federal, state, and local law enforcement communities. With representation from many different government communities, information is pulled from their entities for collaborative analysis and information is then shared across all mission partners. The majority of their work is preformed prior to any event occurring.

Authoritative Data

The information shared by the fusion centers comes through various reports, predominately internal.

Specific Products

Information provided by the Fusion Centers following an event would be minimal as the majority of Law Enforcement activities would be led by the appropriate authority. Products developed at this level would be distributed directly by the responsible parties.

3.3 Mitigation MissionMitigation efforts aim to minimize future hazard impacts following disaster events. Through structural (i.e. earthquake retrofitting and levee construction) or nonstructural efforts (i.e. building codes and land-use planning), future losses to lives and property are reduced and/or avoided for anticipated disaster events.

FEMA Building Science

Overview

The Building Science Branch is a technical services bureau made up of highly skilled subject matter experts, which develops and produces technical guidance and tools focused on fostering a disaster resilient built environment. Located within the FEMA Federal Insurance and Mitigation Administration’s (FIMA’s) Risk Reduction Division, the Building

Science Branch supports the directorate’s mission to reduce risk to life and property by providing state of the art technical hazard mitigation solutions for buildings.

The Building Science branch develops mitigation guidance that focuses on creating disaster-resilient communities. Mitigation efforts provide value to the American people by creating safer communities and reducing loss of life and property. The Building Science activities provide technical support to public and private sector to support the development and adoption of model building codes and standards. An example of a past success has been the provision of state-of-the-art guidance for the construction of community and residential safe rooms to help protect people in their homes, public buildings, and schools in hurricane and tornado-prone areas.

Operational Support

In support of long-term recovery efforts following an event, FEMA’s Building Science Branch supports the development of community-based recovery advisories that incorporate the most up-to-date building codes, flood proofing requirements, seismic design standards, and wind-bracing requirements for new construction or repair of existing buildings. The Building Sciences Branch also manages the Mitigation Assessment Teams (MATs), which are deployed to disaster sites to assess and document disaster impacts on buildings, lifelines and essential facilities.

Authoritative Data

Authoritative data is based on the specific mitigation activities that the Building Science Branch is investigating and is directly attached to the individual communities they are supporting.

Specific Products

Building Science Branch data varies depending on the focus of their studies to include information created for the Mitigation Assessment Teams (assess

the performance of mitigation activities post event, assess the performance of critical facilities, and evaluate the level of damage for the areas performing building assessment), hazard mitigation plans, and various technical support.

FEMA Community Rating System

Overview

The National Flood Insurance Program’s (NFIP) Community Rating System (CRS) is a voluntary incentive program that recognizes and encourages community floodplain management activities that exceed the minimum NFIP requirements. As a result, flood insurance premium rates are discounted to reflect the reduced flood risk resulting from the community actions related to reduce flood losses, providing accurate insurance ratings, and promoting the awareness of flood insurance.

Operational Support

The CRS community data layer will be used during an event to identify the CRS communities to evaluate how the floodplain mitigation activities performed during the event.

Authoritative Data

(see Table 3–8)

Specific Products

The CRS data layer contains both CRS community polygon boundary and the CRS rating identifications.

FEMA Flood Mitigation Assistance Program

Overview

Under the Flood Mitigation Assistance (FMA) program, FEMA provides grant funding to assist States

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and local communities in implementing measures that reduce or eliminate the long-term risk of flood damage to buildings, manufactured homes, and other structures insured under the National Flood Insurance Program. Funding includes Planning Grants to prepare Flood Mitigation Plans and Project Grants to implement measures to reduce flood losses, such as elevation, acquisition, or relocation of NFIP-insured structures.

Operational Support

Following an event, the project/property locations can be utilized for identifying high-risk areas. The FMA program does not have an active post-event role outside of long-term recovery efforts.

Authoritative Data

(see Table 3–9)

Specific Products

FEMA’s FMA data is not widely available outside the program management. The program develops map products identifying specific property locations in relationship to the Special Flood Hazard Area. These products are available through special request to FEMA.

FEMA Hazard Mitigation Grant Program

Overview

The Hazard Mitigation Grant Program (HMGP) provides grants to States and local governments to implement long-term hazard mitigation measures after a major disaster declaration. The purpose of the HMGP is to reduce the loss of life and property due to natural disasters and to enable mitigation measures to be implemented during the immediate recovery from a disaster.

HMGP funds may be used to fund projects that will reduce or eliminate the losses from future disasters. Projects must provide a long-term solution to a problem, such as elevating a home to reduce the risk of flood damages as opposed to buying sandbags and pumps to fight the flood. In addition, a project’s potential savings must be more than the cost of implementing the project. Funds may be used to protect either public or private property or to purchase property that has been subjected to, or is in danger of, repetitive damage.

Operational Support

HMGP funding is only available to applicants that reside within a presidentially declared disaster area. Eligible applicants are State and local governments, Indian tribes or other tribal organizations, and certain non-profit organizations.

Following an event, the State prioritizes and selects project applications developed and submitted by local jurisdictions. The State forwards applications consistent with State mitigation planning objectives to FEMA for eligibility review. Funding for this grant program is limited and States and local communities must make difficult decisions as to the most effective use of grant funds.

Authoritative Data

(see Table 3–10)

Specific Products

The HMGP projects and property locations are often mapped based on mitigation type (acquisition, elevation, etc.). In addition, mitigation plans funded under HMGP grants generate data by specific projects which can include, but are not limited to:• Acquisition of real property for willing sellers and

demolition or relocation of buildings to convert the property to open space use

• Retrofitting structures and facilities to minimize damages from high winds, earthquake, flood, wildfire, or other natural hazards

• Elevation of flood prone structures• Development and initial implementation of

vegetative management programs• Minor flood control projects that do not duplicate

the flood prevention activities of other Federal agencies

Table 3–8: Authoritative Data – Mitigation Mission – FEMA Community Rating System

Sub Category Theme Type POCNatural Hazards

Risk Reduction CRS Communities Polygon DHS/FEMA

Table 3–9: Authoritative Data – Mitigation Mission – FEMA Flood Mitigation Assistance Program


Risk Reduction FMA Project Locations Point DHS/FEMA

Risk Reduction FMA Property Locations Point DHS/FEMA

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• Localized flood control projects, such as certain ring levees and floodwall systems that are designed specifically to protect critical facilities

• Post-disaster building code related activities that support building code officials during the reconstruction process

FEMA HAZUS Program

Overview

HAZUS is a nationally applicable standardized-based model for estimating potential losses from earthquakes, floods, and hurricanes. Developed by FEMA, HAZUS uses GIS technology to estimate physical, economic, and social impacts of disasters. It graphically illustrates the limits of identified high-risk locations due to earthquake, hurricane, and floods. Users can then visualize the spatial relationships between populations and permanently fixed geographic assets or resources for the specific hazard being modeled.

Operational Support

For the past decade, HAZUS has been utilized to support post-disaster impact assessments and response operations. Government planners, GIS specialists, and emergency managers use HAZUS to estimate losses and assess beneficial mitigation approaches to take to minimize them. HAZUS can be used in the assessment step in the mitigation planning process, which is the foundation for a community’s long term strategy to reduce disaster losses and break

the cycle of disaster damage, reconstruction, and repeated damage.

HAZUS uses GIS technology to estimate physical, economic, and social impacts of disasters and graphically illustrates the limits of identified high-risk. As a regional, multi-hazard loss estimation tool, HAZUS has become an important geospatial

Table 3–10: Authoritative Data – Mitigation Mission – FEMA Hazard Mitigation Grant Program


Risk Reduction HMGP Project Locations Point DHS/FEMA

Risk Reduction HMGP Property Locations Point DHS/FEMA

Best Practices - ENVAS for Environmental AssessmentsFEMA Region X serves the states of Alaska, Idaho, Oregon and Washington. The Environmental Program is an important part of this FEMA regional organization whose mission is to ensure that FEMA’s activities (including disaster response, recovery, and hazard mitigation) are carried out in a manner consistent with national environmental policies, i.e. with minimum adverse environmental impacts.

The FEMA Region X Environmental Program is leading the way to expediting and enhance the environmental review process using geospatial technology. They have designed and implemented the ENVAS (Environmental Assessment) GIS Application project with the following benefits:

• It provides an integrated and comprehensive GIS database and intuitive user interface system that queries data provided by various state and federal agencies all in one application

• It provides a coordinated overview of potential environmental concerns associated with repair or reconstruction projects

• It provides automated reports and mapping on common issues including endangered species, wetlands and streams, archaeological and cultural resources, and others. The map can be generated using USGS topographic maps or USGS aerial photography as a base mapping layer

• It allows FEMA staff to screen disaster funding requests quickly for environmental concerns and develop appropriate responses to aid coordination with federal and state resource agencies, permitting entities, and local jurisdictions

• It ultimately facilitates a more efficient recovery response and repair of affected infrastructure

The ENVAS GIS Application has a very simple function – It allows various FEMA users to select or define a potential or real disaster area and produce automated reports with maps listing all the environmentally sensitive resources within a specified buffer around the area. Prior to the implementation of EVNAS GIS, this task would take several hours and sometimes days, compiling information from various databases, coordinating with GIS specialists to produce maps. Using the ENVAS GIS application also allows non-technical users to produce useful reports within a few minutes.

ENVAS serves as a good example of how the implementation of relatively inexpensive technology, designed with careful consideration for users and business processes, can go a long way to improving the efficiency and quality of service for an organization and inter-governmental coordination efforts. The application has been used in Region X since 2004 and has been revised through several desktop versions into its current web based version. Because of their dedication to serving the customer based needs for GIS, Region X has been designated as a center of excellence within FEMA.

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application in support of planning efforts for the following event types.

Earthquake: HAZUS has been widely used for pre-event earthquake preparedness, including the use of loss estimates to support damage assessments, social losses (casualties, displaced households, and shelter requirements), loss of functionality of essential facilities, and damage to the general building stock. For post-event, the HAZUS earthquake model has been used with ShakeMap (USGS data product) to depict ground shaking intensity and the boundaries of potential damage. The products derived from HAZUS are used to support situational awareness and analysis of Essential Elements of Information. To support response operations and decision making, FEMA has developed a series of HAZUS loss estimation templates that provide standardized maps and data layers, organized by ESF.

Hurricane: HAZUS has been used by FEMA Headquarters (HQ) and Region IV to estimate the potential impacts of hurricane winds and storm surge on the general building stock, essential facilities and the general population. As with the earthquake model, templates have been developed for the hurricane model, including estimates of short-term shelter requirements, displaced households, debris generated, damage and loss of functionality to essential facilities, and population exposure to wind and surge.

Flood: The HAZUS flood model consists of two components that support planning and operations: flood hazard analysis and flood loss estimation analysis. The flood hazard analysis module uses characteristics such as frequency, discharge, and ground elevation to estimate flood depth, flood elevation, and flow velocity. The flood loss estimation module calculates potential loss estimates from the results of the hazard analysis to include: physical damage to residential, commercial, industrial and other buildings: debris generation, including the

distinction between different types of materials; and social impacts, including estimates of shelter requirements, displaced households, and population exposed to scenario floods.

In the future, FEMA’s Risk MAP products (non-regulatory) will include a series of datasets generated by using HAZUS to estimate losses for multiple percent annual chance events (i.e., 10%, 4%, 2%, 1% and 0.2%) for general building stock types, and (optionally) for user defined facilities. These products are intended to assist in communicating flood risk to communities and assist with implementation of local mitigation activities.

Authoritative Data

FEMA is the authoritative source for modeled runs and results following real events. (see Table 3–11)

Specific Products

HAZUS is a hazards model available at no cost to the emergency management community and is delivered on multiple DVDs. Modeled results are compiled into two standard reports and can be accessed in map-based formats by information theme. Information packaged within HAZUS includes:• Building and essential facilities inventories,

aggregated at census block and census tract levels• Detailed scenarios (hurricane, flood, earthquake)

that depict estimates of building damage, social losses (displaced households, casualties), economic losses, and damage and loss of functionality to essential facilities and lifelines

• Inventory (national datasets) of essential facilities (police, fire, schools, EOCs, medical facilities), general building stock (occupancy and structural types) lifelines (transportation and utilities)

FEMA Map Modernization Program

Overview

The focus of FEMA’s Map Modernization Program is Risk MAP (Mapping, Assessment, Planning), which combines flood hazard mapping, risk assessment tools, and mitigation planning into one program. This program integration allows FEMA to leverage the current digital flood map inventory and enhance the usability of flood hazard data and mapping. Through the Risk Analysis Division, FEMA is developing a National Digital Elevation and Acquisition and Utilization Plan for floodplain map updates. This plan presents FEMA’s national elevation strategy for Risk MAP.

Operational Support

As one of the most robust mapping efforts in the country, the Risk MAP program provides the authoritative flood hazard data for the US. This data is used in support of floodplain insurance, building permit approval, zoning, and land use planning. The Risk Map program provides products and analysis relevant to all aspects of emergency management which include: • Use of products from Regional Flood Map

production to guide post-disaster support

Table 3–11: Authoritative Data – Mitigation Mission – FEMA HAZUS Program

Sub Category Theme Type POCRisk Analysis HAZUS Modeled Scenario Results Point DHS/FEMARisk Analysis HAZUS Modeled Scenario Results Polygon DHS/FEMA

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for temporary housing and other Individual Assistance programs

• Technical assistance in the use of Risk MAP products to support ESF #14 (Long-Term Recovery), including flood hazard risk reduction

Authoritative Data

(see Table 3–12)

Specific Products

The Map Modernization Program continues to generate products and data across the U.S. These include local and regional reports, watershed-based flood hazard studies, Riverine Flood Hazard Studies, Coastal Flood Hazard Analysis (pre and post-disaster), regional flood maps and data, and an inventory of Levee-Impact Areas. Products are classified as regulatory (i.e., FIS, FIRM, FIRM Database) and non-regulatory (i.e., Flood Risk Database, Flood Risk Map, Flood Risk Report).

FEMA Mitigation Planning

Overview

FEMA’s Multi-Hazard Mitigation Planning provides guidance and technical assistance to States and communities in the development of hazard mitigation plans. The plans utilize risk assessments, which involve a four-step process: identify hazards, profile hazard events, inventory assets, and estimate losses. This process measures the potential loss of life, personal injury, economic injury, and property damage resulting from natural hazards by assessing the vulnerability of people, buildings, and infrastructure to natural hazards. Local hazard mitigation plans establish the broad community vision and guiding principles for reducing hazard risk, and further proposes specific mitigation actions to eliminate or reduce identified vulnerabilities.

A hazard mitigation plan typically contains the following sections: • Community Profile: Describes the makeup of the

community, including geographic, demographic and economic characteristics

• Hazard Identification and Analysis and Vulnerability Assessment: Identifies, analyzes and assess hazards that pose a threat to the community

• Risk Assessment: Builds on historical data from past hazard occurrences, establishes detailed risk profiles for each hazard, and produced a hazard risk ranking based on analysis of frequency of occurrence, spatial extent and potential impact of each hazard

• Capability Assessment: Examines a community’s capacity to implement meaningful mitigation strategies and identifies opportunities to enhance that capacity

• Mitigation Strategy: Links specific mitigation actions to be implemented by various local government agencies.

Operational Support

Data and analysis contained in State and local hazard mitigation plans can be utilized to support Recovery ESFs, including ESF #14 (Long-Term Community).

Authoritative Data

(see Table 3–13)

Specific Products

Through the mitigation planning process, state and local mitigation plans are submitted and held by FEMA. These plans include hazards analysis, inventories of community assets (residential and commercial buildings, essential facilities police, fire, medical, schools, EOC) and utilities (power, gas, water), risk assessment studies, demographics analysis, and specialized studies of high potential loss facilities.

Table 3–12: Authoritative Data – Mitigation Mission – FEMA Map Modernization Program

Sub Category Theme Type POCBase Map

Elevation High resolution digital elevation Polygon DHS/FEMA

Natural Hazards

Risk Analysis Q3Flood Hazard Data Polygon DHS/FEMA

Risk Analysis FIRM Flood Hazard Data Line DHS/FEMA

Risk Analysis FIRM Flood Hazard Data Point DHS/FEMA

Risk Analysis FIRM Flood Hazard Data Polygon DHS/FEMARisk Analysis Firmettes Raster DHS/FEMARisk Analysis National Flood Risk Raster DHS/FEMA

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FEMA National Dam Safety Program

Overview

The National Dam Safety Program (NDSP) is managed by FEMA’s Risk Analysis Division. The program provides research, information and technical assistance to states, localities and dam owners/operators on dam safety practices. The NDSP is a partnership with states, federal agencies, and other stakeholders supporting individual and community responsibilities for dam safety. This is accomplished through Grant Assistance to the states, Dam Safety Research, and Dam Safety Training.

The Dam Safety Program maintains the National Inventory of Dams, which includes approximately 80,000 dams. Of these, one third poses a “high” or “significant” hazard to life and property if failure occurs.

Operational Support

Data and analysis from the NDSP can be used to support assessments of risk from potential failure of high and significant risk dams in the US. Risk analysis can be used to determine the exposure of communities and their populations to dam breach.

Authoritative Data

(see Table 3–14)

Specific Products

NDSP’s Risk Prioritization Tool is a standards-based decision-making tool for risk based dam safety prioritization. This application is used by state dam safety regulators to identify dams that most urgently need attention. The analysis performed looks at key themes potentially exposed to the failure of high risk dams. Specifically the models characterize key populations, properties, and public infrastructure. The output assists in the development and implementation

of appropriate protective measures, including warning, evacuation and sheltering.

FEMA National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program

Overview

The National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program (NEHRP) seeks to mitigate earthquake losses in the United States through research and implementation activities in the fields of earthquake science and engineering. NEHRP is the Federal Government’s coordinated approach to addressing earthquake risks. Congress established the program in 1977 as a long-term, nationwide program to reduce the risks to life and property in the United States resulting from earthquakes. NEHRP is managed as a collaborative effort among FEMA, the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), the National Science Foundation (NSF), and the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS).

The NEHRP agencies have established three overarching, long-term strategic goals; to improve understanding of earthquake processes and impacts, develop cost-effective measures to reduce earthquake impacts on individuals, the built environment, and society-at-large, and to improve the earthquake resilience of communities nationwide.

Operational Support

Following an earthquake, NEHRP agencies (FEMA, NIST, & USGS) can provide subject matter expertise for FEMA response operations to assess building and lifeline performance in effort to focus search and rescue operations to areas with high probabilities of damage and fatalities. In addition, many of the earthquake specific EEIs can be addressed through interpretation of USGS geospatial data and analysis and other event-related products

Table 3–13: Authoritative Data – Mitigation Mission – FEMA Mitigation Planning

Sub Category Theme Type POCRisk Analysis Community Hazard Boundaries Polygon DHS/FEMARisk Analysis Types and numbers of existing and future

buildings, infrastructure and critical facilities in the hazard areas

Point DHS/FEMA

Table 3–14: Authoritative Data – Mitigation Mission – FEMA National Dam Safety Program

Sub Category Theme Type POCDams

Dams National Dams Point DHS/FEMANatural Hazards

Risk Analysis Levee Accreditation Polygon DHS/FEMARisk Analysis Dam Inundation Areas Polygon DHS/FEMA

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(see Table 3–15)

Specific Products

NEHRP stores publications and data related to past earthquakes damages in their NEHRP Clearinghouse. The NEHRP Clearinghouse contains over 2,000 earthquake-related documents dating back to 1977. NEHRP also produces (through FEMA and NIST) a range of technical studies related to building and lifeline performance, building collapse (in support of ESF 9 – Search and Rescue), casualty models (in support of ESF 8 – Public Health and Medical), performance of energy lifelines (in support of ESF 12 – Energy) and other functional studies that contribute to improved performance of Emergency Support Functions (ESF).

FEMA Pre-Disaster Mitigation

Overview

The Pre-Disaster Mitigation (PDM) program provides funds to states, territories, Indian tribal governments, communities, and universities for hazard mitigation planning and the implementation of mitigation projects prior to a disaster event. Funding these plans and projects reduces overall risks to the population and structures, while also reducing reliance on funding from actual disaster declarations. PDM grants are to be awarded on a competitive basis and without reference to state allocations, quotas, or other formula-based allocation of funds.

Operational Support

The focus of the PDM program is on pre-disaster activities.

Authoritative Data

(see Table 3–16)

Specific Products

PDM data is focused at managing the locations of projects and properties funded by their grants. In addition to the geospatial data, details are maintained by project and available by request.

FEMA Repetitive Flood Claims

Overview

The Repetitive Flood Claims (RFC) grant program provides funding to reduce or eliminate the long-term risk of flood damage to structures insured under the National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) that have had one or more claim payment(s) for flood damages. The long-term goal of the program is to reduce or eliminate the number reoccurring flood insurance

claims, through mitigation activities that are in the best interest of the National Flood Insurance Fund (NFIF).

The RFC program provides property owners who are not eligible for FMA funds with an opportunity to mitigate future losses to their property. All RFC grants are eligible for up to 100 percent Federal cost assistance and are awarded to Applicants on a nationwide basis without reference to State allocations, quotas, or other formula-based allocations.

Operational Support

Up to $10 million is available annually for FEMA to provide RFC funds to assist States and communities reduce flood damages to insured properties that

Table 3–15: Authoritative Data – Mitigation Mission – FEMA National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program


Risk Reduction Seismic Impact Assessments of Critical Infrastructure

Point DHS/FEMA

Table 3–16: Authoritative Data – Mitigation Mission – FEMA Pre-Disaster Mitigation


Risk Reduction PDM Project Locations Point DHS/FEMA

Risk Reduction PDM Property Locations Point DHS/FEMA

Table 3–17: Authoritative Data – Mitigation Mission – FEMA Repetitive Flood Claims


Risk Reduction RFC Project Locations Point DHS/FEMARisk Reduction RFC Project Locations Point DHS/FEMA

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have had one or more claims to the National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP). In the recovery phases following a flood-related event, the program provides grant funding to assist property owners in repairing properties in a manner that will reduce future losses to the structures.

Authoritative Data

(see Table 3–17)

Specific Products

RFC stores data related to projects and properties. While this information is not widely available outside the program management, there are map products available for the authoritative data listed above as well as a database that stores the project information.

FEMA Risk Insurance Division

Overview

The Risk Insurance Division helps reduce flood losses by providing affordable flood insurance for property owners and by encouraging communities to adopt and enforce floodplain management regulations that mitigate the effects of flooding on new and improved structures. The division manages the

National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP), which works closely with 90 private insurance companies to offer flood insurance to property owners and renters. In order to qualify for flood insurance, a community must join the NFIP and agree to enforce sound floodplain management standards.

The Risk Insurance Division also manages the Coastal Barriers Resource System, a database of information related to coastal barriers and is contained on a Flood Insurance Rate Map.

Operational Support

The Risk Insurance Division does not provide operational support to FEMA under the National Response Framework.

Authoritative Data

(see Table 3–18)

Specific Products

A Toolkit has been developed for communities and homeowners to address the identification of flood risk and protective measures. The NFIP Levee Toolkit includes geographically referenced information on

levees across the U.S. and steps to take to protect homes and communities from levee failure.

FEMA Severe Repetitive Loss

Overview

The Severe Repetitive Loss (SRL) grant program funds the acquisition of severe repetitive loss properties, as well as non-residential properties that meet the same claims. The overall effort is to reduce or eliminate claims under the NFIP through project activities that will result in the greatest savings to the National Flood Insurance Fund (NFIF). In order for a property to meet the SRL designation, it must be insured under the NFIP and have incurred flood losses that resulted in either:• Four or more flood insurance claims exceeding

$5,000, with at least two of those payments occurring in a 10-year period, and with the total claims paid exceeding $20,000; or

• Two or more flood insurance claims payments that together exceeded the value of the property

Acquisitions include the demolition or relocation of flood-prone structures and deed restricting the vacant land to open space uses in perpetuity. Awards will be prioritized to those projects that mitigate SRL properties and to those that create the greatest savings to the NFIF based on a benefit-cost analysis.

Operational Support

The SRL program supports long-term recovery activates following a flood-related event with properties meeting the threshold requirements due to the current disaster. SRL provides the most significant property-specific mitigation measures by eliminating future losses for given geographic area.

Authoritative Data

(see Table 3–19)

Table 3–18: Authoritative Data – Mitigation Mission – FEMA Risk Insurance Division


Risk Analysis NFIP Community Identification Number Point DHS/FEMA

Risk Analysis Coastal Barriers Polyline DHS/FEMA

Table 3–19: Authoritative Data – Mitigation Mission – FEMA Severe Repetitive Loss


Risk Reduction SRL Property Locations Point DHS/FEMA

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SRL stores data specific to the properties it has funded. FEMA preforms field data collection to include GPS coordinates and additional sire-specific details for the management of their program.

NIST Disaster Failures and Studies Program

Overview

The National Institute for Standards and Technology (NIST) Disaster and Failure Studies Program provides national coordination for field data collection, scientific and technical studies. The findings promote the implementation of study recommendations both to improve building and fire codes, standards, and practices and to fill gaps in knowledge about buildings and infrastructure performance, emergency response, and human behavior in hazard events.

Typical study objectives include:• Establishing the likely technical factor or

factors responsible for the damage, failure, and/or successful performance of buildings and/or infrastructure in the aftermath of a disaster or failure event.

• Evaluating the technical aspects of evacuation and emergency response procedures that contributed to the extent of injuries and fatalities sustained during the event.

• Determining the procedures and practices that were used in the design, construction, operation, and maintenance of the buildings and/or infrastructure.

• Promoting, enabling and tracking the adoption of recommendations through improved standards, codes, and practices as well as any research and other appropriate actions based on study findings.

Study objectives aimed to establish likely technical factors responsible for the damage, failure, and/or successful performance of buildings and/or infrastructure in the aftermath of a disaster or failure event. These evaluate the technical aspects of evacuation and emergency response procedures that contributed to the extent of injuries and fatalities sustained during the event. Through the determination of procedures and practices utilized in the design, construction, operation, and maintenance of the buildings and/or infrastructure, improved standards, codes, and practices are promoted.

Operational Support

Following a building failure that has resulted in substantial loss of life, NIST teams are authorized to assess building performance and emergency response and evacuation procedures for the structure(s). In support of disaster operations, NIST may access or develop a database of disaster and failure events, including; performance of the built environment (buildings and infrastructure) during hazard events, associated emergency response and evacuation procedures. And technical, economic, and social factors that affect pre-disaster mitigation activities and post-disaster response efforts.

Authoritative Data

(see Table 3–20)

Specific Products

Post-event reporting may be available during response and recovery operations. These materials may include:• Data and documents on the evacuation and

emergency response procedures during the event• Sequence of contributing factors and timeline of

event outcomes or consequences• Reports, papers and other publications that

document the findings, conclusions, and recommendations of the technical studies

• Information on changes to standards, codes, and practices based on recommendations

3.4 Recovery MissionRecovery efforts begin immediately following an event. This section focuses on three urgent recovery activities: debris volume analysis and management (FEMA PA); efforts to expedite the delivery of financial assistance to impacted individuals (FEMA IA); and post-disaster efforts including flood recovery maps and advisory base flood elevations (FEMA Mitigation). These activities provide much-needed assistance to communities affected by disaster events, allowing the citizens to recover as quickly as possible.

Table 3–20: Authoritative Data – Mitigation Mission – NIST Disaster Failures and Studies Program


Risk Analysis Building performance Point NIST

Risk Analysis Lifeline performance Polyline NIST

Risk Analysis Emergency response and evacuation analysis

Point NIST

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FEMA Public Assistance

Overview

FEMA’s PA program has many responsibilities, one of which is the clearing and removal of debris. These operations require valid estimates of debris volume and transparent strategies for managing the removal efforts. In addition, debris such as hazardous containers, vehicles, and deceased livestock must be removed quickly to minimize their negative impact on the environment and communities.

Geospatial technologies assist in recovery efforts by providing spatial estimates of debris volumes before an event to support preplanning efforts and again immediately following the event to continue assisting the management of the debris removal efforts. Debris removal can account for 25 to 50 percent of the overall recovery costs and must be effectively managed to keep the expense to a minimum.

There are two major areas where geospatial technologies provide immediate support for the debris missions under FEMA’s PA program: volume estimation and mission management. While there are additional missions and geospatial activities within PA, this section is focused specifically on the debris mission.

Debris modeling is accomplished through several modeling applications. The use of these models vary

with the event, locations, and magnitude of damages. These models are used to predict debris volumes resulting from wind events and factor in variables such as area demographics (housing, population, etc.), estimated storm intensity, and predicted areas of impact. These pre-event debris models provide a basis for planning response and recovery activities but may vary in accuracy when compared to the measured amount of debris actually generated from an event. Efforts to collect debris information in the field provide validation of initial estimations and bring clarity to the debris management requirements as a result of the event. Using field teams and sampling methodologies, improved estimations can be derived to support the continued removal efforts.

The management of the debris mission is driven by geography. Management efforts include tracking the debris locations on streets, recording the measured amounts of debris delivered to staging areas, and reporting the overall status of the debris mission to leadership.

Operational Support

Geospatial support for debris removal efforts is typically performed at the FEMA JFO. Staff deploy from locations around the country to collect field data, perform geospatial analysis and produce map products as needed. Off-site support can be added as required and may consist of geospatial modeling activities and imagery interpretation.

FEMA supports the geospatial requirements for the debris mission with FEMA staff, Technical Assistance Contractors (TAC), and mission assignments to the USACE. During the debris removal operations, the debris haulers may use geospatial programs to track the progress of debris removal along streets and may have their own programs or private contractors to assist them with this effort.

Authoritative Data

The authoritative data sets generated by the debris mission are focused in scope and quickly outdated. The debris removal mission is constantly evolving as roads are cleared, additional debris is identified, and materials are removed. In addition, specific data is maintained supporting the management and status reporting of the overall operations. (see Table 3–21)

Specific Products

With the mixture of products supporting the debris mission generated by FEMA and USACE as well as products originating from several loss models, there is no single standard for layout or symbology within the debris mission. Below are several examples of the products supporting the PA debris mission:

Loss Modeling• USACE: debris volume• HAZUS: debris volume, debris type, impacted

population, estimates of FEMA applicants

Field Data Collection• County maps depicting the PDA debris estimates• Debris site locations visited during field data

collection

Management and Removal• Area maps displaying statistics on debris removal

efforts (volume removed vs. estimate). Amounts are either obtained from the debris teams or from the Debris Removal Tracking System

Table 3–21: Authoritative Data - Recovery Mission - Public Assistance



FEMA Debris Removal Metrics Polygon 10 day FEMA PA/USACEFEMA Debris Volume Estimates Polygon 4 day FEMA PA/USACEFEMA PA Applicant Locations Point 6 day FEMA PAFEMA PA Deployed Assets Point 4 day FEMA PAFEMA PA Project Locations Point 12 day FEMA PA

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(DRTS) located within the Resource Information Management System (RIMS)

• Products tracking debris removal efforts on roads• Private property debris removal (PPDR) progress• Tree stump tracking• Debris tracking in waterways (barges, trees, boats,

cars, etc.)

Individual Assistance

Overview

The FEMA IA program provides financial and emergency housing assistance to individuals, families, and businesses that have been impacted by a federally declared disaster. In support of the IA program, geospatial technologies assist in determining the spatial boundaries of damaged areas, assess the nature and scope of damages to housing units and occupants, and estimate the quantities of individuals requiring assistance. Several IA GIS initiatives are underway to integrate and optimize geospatial data and analyses to improve efficiencies and accuracy in estimating IA requirements, particularly for large-scale disasters where reliance on field housing inspections is logistically impractical, or costly.

The program uses imagery and modeling in conjunction with other geospatial technologies to assess the nature and scope of residential damage from major disasters. FEMA IA protocols have been established for gathering and analyzing imagery to support IA missions, including post-disaster housing inspections. Damage polygons are derived from aerial photography and used to delineate structures that are destroyed or substantially damaged, based on specified criteria for residential damage states. This process supports a mechanism for processing payments in an expedited manner for applicants in geographic areas that have sustained major or catastrophic damage. A Rapid Damage Assessment (RDA) database of historical awards based on foundations types and High Water Marks is used in conjunction with imagery analysis in the National Emergency Management Information System (NEMIS) GIS processing.

HAZUS modeling is used to delineate the spatial boundaries of floods, hurricanes (wind), and earthquakes (liquefaction, ground shaking, ground

deformation), which can be used to identify potential areas of operations, population at risk, characteristics of housing stock within the impacted area, and estimates of residential losses. As a regional loss estimation tool, HAZUS outputs are most reliable at the county or multicounty scale.

In assessing residential damage, Light Detection and Ranging (LIDAR) data is used to establish base elevations (bare earth) of structures. River gauge data (flood stage levels) is then incorporated to estimate flood depth and the extent of potential flooded areas. The derived flood depth grids can then then used by the IA program to assess and delineate residential damages following an event.

Operational Support

The following FEMA entities have a role in the production and application of geospatial data and technologies to support the IA mission: • FEMA MAC provides geospatial support. • Disaster Assistance Support Center (DASC)

provides policy and program guidance and establishes priorities for data collection and analysis.

• GIU provides geospatial technical support at the JFO, including GIS products and analysis that supports the IA mission.

Virginia National Processing Support Center (VA-NPSC) manages the geospatial processing of IA applicants in NEMIS and the Contract Management and Housing Inspection Services (CMHIS). The FEMA NEMIS system stores IA applicant information and determines eligibility for IA payment awards following a declared disaster.

Multiple FEMA contracts have been used to support geospatial analysis of housing damage, response, and recovery. In addition to support for acquisition and analysis of imagery, contract support has been provided through the FEMA Mitigation Directorate

Best Practices - USACE Commodities ModelWhen required, USACE leads missions for providing water and ice to citizens immediately following disaster event. The USACE has developed a Commodities Model to assist in estimating their mission requirements. Model estimates are developed and posted on ENGLink public website http://www.englink.usace.army.mil. For hurricane events, timing of the release of model results is dependent on critical information provided by the National Hurricane Center (NHC) or Central Pacific Hurricane Center (CPHC), depending on storm event.

The model is based on population and an estimated ‘percent of population’ likely to be without power and require commodities. This ‘percent of population’ is based on estimated power outages. The factor changes with forecasted storm intensity. The USACE supports the commodity teams as much as ten days post landfall to provide projections of commodity needs and help them with ‘burn rates’ and commodity ordering.

The model outputs provided include maps depicting amount of commodities required for the event and tables that detail the amount of water and ice needed per day. This information provides emergency managers with an estimate of how many commodities to order and is used to help communities determine the number of Points of Distribution (PODs) sites for water and ice as well as their optimal distribution locations.

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for hazard impact analysis and a range of technical studies that contributed to the IA knowledge base of housing vulnerability and the performance of structures in scenario events. Technical support from the Mitigation Directorate is often channeled through technical clearinghouses, which are established following major disasters and provide researchers, contractors, and government agency personnel with a “laboratory” or clearinghouse for event-specific research, including the production and application of geospatial data and technologies.

Authoritative Data

Authoritative data sets for IA efforts to expedite services are illustrated below. (see Table 3–22)

Specific Products

Below are several examples of the products supporting the IA mission:

NRCC • Demographic profiles • Population and population density• Housing units• Median household income• Median housing value• Shelter locations and status

NRCC (MAC and RS Coordinator)• HAZUS runs that provide estimates of spatial

boundaries of hazards (wind, flood, surge)• Damage area polygons • Photographic records of dwellings • ZIP code analysis

JFO GIU Maps and Reports• Daily updates that display IA data and analysis• Specialized studies

VA-NPSC• GIS processed IA applications• Housing inspection reports

Mitigation Directorate• Damage functions (flooding, wind, ground

shaking, etc.) for residential structures• High Water Marks and other damage data

Early Mitigation Efforts

Overview

Early recovery efforts provide support to many urgent missions, including mitigation. Although mitigation efforts relate primarily to long-term projects, several activities are pursued as quickly as possible to expedite the recovery of hard-hit communities. These projects incorporate the collection of time-sensitive post-event geospatial data and close interaction with local governments to provide critical guidance for rebuilding. This section focuses on the mitigation efforts for flood-related events.• High Water Mark Collection. Field observers

and survey crews are deployed by FEMA to interview residents, find confirmation of high water levels, and capture supporting evidence of high water. These field crews collect detailed information about each High Water Mark, including physical basis of the mark, such as a mud line inside the building, a mud line on the outside of the building, or debris. Wherever possible, crews also note the coastal flooding

Table 3–22: Authoritative Data - Recovery Mission - Individual Assistance



FEMA IA Applicants Point 48 hour FEMA IAFEMA IA Expedited Assistance Areas

Polygon 3 day FEMA IA

Best Practices - FEMA Region VI Field Data Collection ToolFEMA’s process for data collection and reporting associated with debris assessment consisted primarily of handwritten documentation with little standardization of data captured. Historically this has resulted in information processing delays, transcription errors, duplication of collected data records and ultimately the inability to provide accurate and expedited reimbursements to FEMA applicants.

In response to these issues, FEMA Region VI initiated a pilot effort to develop a Field Data Collection Tool to assist in managing the debris mission. The tool consists of GPS enabled ruggedized tablet computer, the custom application, and a data management system. This facilitates the collection and distribution of information related to disaster response and recovery efforts. The tool is used as a method for capturing disaster specific information in the field in a digital environment. There are several modules within the application, but the primary use is to collect and display debris assessments. Users can automatically add GPS coordinates to features such as a debris pile type and volume, establish GPS-tracked linear debris estimates, and use GPS to monitor the geographic footprint of their activities. Users can roll up totals of debris estimates to various levels of aggregation, such as county or state level. This tool enables accurate data collection, while providing near real-time situational awareness, and “on demand” report generation.

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characteristics captured by coastal High Water Marks, including storm surge, wave run-up, and wave height. The survey crews use GPS methods to determine an accurate elevation for each high watermark. These locations have been surveyed to within accuracies of 0.25 foot vertically and 10 feet horizontally, with a 95 percent confidence level.

• Storm Surge Inundation Mapping. Flood inundation levels are created for the coastal communities by mapping the coastal High Water Mark elevations onto digital, pre-storm, topographic contour data developed from LIDAR surveys. These inundation levels represent an estimate of the inland extent of flooding caused by storm surge. The inundation limit is then refined to remove small-scale, isolated areas of inundated and non-inundated terrain based on knowledge of overland surge propagation and engineering judgment.

• Advisory Base Flood Elevations (ABFE). In larger flood events, ABFEs are developed to provide communities with initial recommended building elevations for use in the reconstruction process until more detailed data become available. ABFEs are based on a new flood frequency analysis that takes into account the immediate event as well as additional tide and storm data from other events that have occurred since the existing Flood Insurance Rate Maps (FIRM) were developed.

Operational Support

The FEMA Region and Disaster Support Branch at headquarters serve as a central point of contact for coordinating disaster operations, cadre management (including GIS support), regional support, and overall Mitigation program coordination. Geospatial support activities for mitigation include:

• Staffing a Mitigation GIS Coordinator to be the liaison with the FEMA JFO GIU, FEMA headquarters, and local operations

• Supporting the acquisition of pre- and post-disaster data collection and coordinating with appropriate mitigation programs

The Mitigation Directorate’s Program Coordination Group brings together representatives of key branches with geospatial expertise that can be applied in the recovery phase, including:• Building Sciences Coordinator serves as the point

of contact for the risk reduction and provides building science tools and guidance to support recovery

• Floodplain Management Coordinator provides geospatial data and relevant analysis to the NRCC Hazard and Mitigation (HM) Branch to support the mission

• Mapping Coordinator represents the Data and Dissemination Branch and Risk Analysis Division and provides geospatial data and analysis to support the mission

Authoritative Data

(see Table 3–23)

Specific Products

These high resolution maps are designed to assist property owners in the repair or rebuilding of structures to newly determined advisory coastal flood elevations. Specific mitigation-based products include, but are not limited to:• Recovery Maps• High Water Marks • Inundation levels• FEMA’s ABFEs• Repetitive loss

Best Practices - FEMA Post Katrina Damage Assessment for Individual AssistanceIn the aftermath of Hurricane Katrina, FEMA faced a significant challenge in identifying and quantifying the nature and scope of damage to residential structures. In response to this issue, FEMA developed a strategy to utilize post-event imagery and other geospatial analysis to assess residential losses.

To assess the feasibility of the strategy, FEMA conducted a study of four Louisiana parishes that used remote sensing, topography (Digital Elevation Model), ZIP Code, and parcel data to perform GIS analysis to estimate numbers of households by ZIP Code area that had experienced severe flooding. The geospatial process for catastrophic damage assessment was extended to coastal counties in Mississippi and Alabama and Florida counties that sustained damage from Hurricane Wilma.

The findings from the study included: • In large-scale events, geospatial analysis is a cost-

effective approach to housing damage assessment. • Geospatial readiness is a direct function of the

availability of data acquisition and analysis contracts, and data “pre-staging”, which includes pre-event identification of necessary base and analysis data (ZIP Code areas, LIDAR, tax parcel records, NGA HSIP Gold data).

• Models are valuable in delineating spatial boundaries of damage and housing loss and in establishing priorities for more detailed housing inspections.

• Technical clearinghouses are very useful “integrators” of geospatial technologies and expertise.

Following Katrina, approximately 150,000 homes were analyzed and classified using geospatial tools. Post-Katrina analysis indicated that less than 10 percent of homes surveyed using geospatial technology were incorrectly classified, due largely to issues associated with the use of ZIP Code areas for reporting purposes. The analysis proved to be statistically valid, cost effective and timely, as compared to physical inspections.

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3.5 Response MissionLife-saving missions are intended to save lives and reduce casualties and can be initiated before, during, or immediately following an event. The efforts referenced here cover all aspects of life-saving including SAR, evacuation, feeding, and critical medical support. Many of these activities are high-profile in the eyes of the government officials and emergency managers as well as the media and public.

It is imperative that the geospatial support entities stay agile, dynamic, self-contained, and fully prepared for the unknown. In most cases, there will be requirements for both on- and off-site support. The initial operations may be deployed prior to FEMA standing up a JFO and therefore the on-site staff may need to locate a suitable area to begin work.

Search and Rescue

Overview

SAR activities operate under the authority of FEMA and ESF #9 - Search and Rescue, in support of state and local authorities. SAR teams are organized within federal, state, and local government entities and spread across the country. The operational management is undertaken by Incident Management teams or similar functional groups and the tactical management is handled within the specific teams.

SAR services include the performance of distress monitoring, communications, location of distressed personnel, coordination, and execution of rescue

operations. This includes extrication or evacuation along with the provisioning of medical assistance and civilian services through the use of public and private resources.

SAR rapidly deploys Federal SAR resources to provide lifesaving assistance to State, tribal, and local authorities, to include local SAR Coordinators and Mission Coordinators, when there is an actual or anticipated request for Federal SAR assistance. Under ESF #9, SAR is broken into three distinct disciplines. • Structural Collapse (Urban) Search and Rescue

(US&R) • Maritime/Coastal/Waterborne Search and Rescue • Land Search and Rescue

SAR services include distress monitoring, incident communications, locating distressed personnel, coordination, and execution of rescue operations including extrication and/or evacuation, along with providing medical assistance and civilian services through the use of public and private resources, to assist persons and property in potential or actual distress.

Structural Collapse (Urban) Search and Rescue (US&R)

Primary Agency: FEMA

US&R includes operations for natural and manmade disasters and catastrophic incidents, as well as other structural collapse operations that primarily

require DHS/FEMA US&R task force operations. The National US&R Response System integrates DHS/FEMA US&R task forces, Incident Support Teams (ISTs), and technical specialists. The Federal US&R response integrates DHS/FEMA task forces in support of unified SAR operations conducted following the U.S. National Search and Rescue Plan (NSP).

The National US&R Response System is prepared to deploy and initiate operations immediately in support of ESF #9. The task forces are staffed primarily by emergency services personnel who are trained and experienced in collapsed structure SAR operations and possess specialized expertise and equipment. Upon activation under the National Response Framework (NRF), DHS/FEMA US&R task forces

Table 3–23: Authoritative Data - Recovery Mission - Early Mitigation Efforts

Sub Category Theme Type Delay POCEvent Impact

Event LocationHigh Water Depth Polygon 4 day FEMA MitigationHigh Water Grid Grid 4 day FEMA MitigationHigh Water Marks Point 4 day FEMA Mitigation/USGS

Best Practices - Advisory Base Flood ElevationsFollowing Hurricanes Katrina and Rita in 2005, FEMA conducted a new flood frequency analysis and determined that current base elevations for many communities impacted by the storms were too low. To help communities reduce their vulnerability to damage from future flooding, FEMA issued Advisory Base Flood Elevations (ABFEs) that incorporated data from Hurricane Katrina, as well as tide and storm data from other events during the preceding 25 years. The ABFEs were significantly higher than Base Flood Elevations (BFEs) shown on pre-Katrina flood maps, and more accurately reflected post-storm conditions.

FEMA issued ABFEs in areas where the effects of the 2005 storms significantly altered the floodplain, or demonstrated that the current BFEs were outdated. Since 2005, ABFEs have become an important tool in early disaster recovery to assess updated community vulnerabilities to flooding. Increasingly, key mitigation programs have tied eligibility for funding to adherence to elevations reflected in ABFEs.

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are considered Federal assets under the Homeland Security Act of 2002, the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act, and other applicable authorities.

Waterborne Search and Rescue

Primary Agency: DHS/USCG

Maritime/coastal/waterborne SAR includes operations for natural and manmade disasters that primarily require DHS/USCG air, cutter, boat, and response team operations. The Federal maritime/coastal/ waterborne SAR response integrates DHS/USCG resources in support of unified SAR operations conducted per the NSP.

DHS/USCG personnel are trained and experienced in maritime/coastal/waterborne SAR operations and possess specialized expertise, facilities, and equipment for conducting an effective response to distress situations. DHS/USCG develops, maintains, and operates rescue facilities for SAR in waters subject to U.S. jurisdiction and is designated the primary agency for maritime/coastal/waterborne SAR under ESF #9. In addition, DHS/USCG staffing at Area, District, and local Sector Command Centers promotes interagency coordination with State, tribal, and local emergency managers during incidents requiring a unified SAR response in which maritime/coastal/waterborne SAR resources allocation are required.

Land Search and Rescue

Primary Agency: Department of the Interior (DOI)/National Park Service (NPS)/Department of Defense (DoD)

Land SAR includes operations that require aviation and ground forces to meet mission objectives, other than maritime/coastal/waterborne and structural collapse SAR operations as described above. Land

SAR primary agencies integrate their efforts to provide an array of diverse capabilities under ESF #9.

DOI/NPS possesses SAR resources that are specially trained to operate in various roles including ground search, small boat operations, swift water rescue, helo-aquatic rescue, and other technical rescue disciplines. DOI/NPS maintains preconfigured teams that include personnel and equipment from DOI/NPS, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, U.S. Geological Survey, Bureau of Indian Affairs, and other DOI components in planning for ESF #9.

When requested, DOD, through U.S. Northern Command (USNORTHCOM) and/or U.S. Pacific Command (USPACOM), coordinates facilities, resources, and special capabilities that conduct and support air, land, and maritime SAR operations according to applicable directives, plans, guidelines, and agreements. Per the NSP, the U.S. Air Force and USPACOM provide resources for the organization and coordination of civil SAR services and operations within their assigned SAR regions and, when requested, to assist Federal, State, tribal, and local authorities.

Operational Support

Geospatial support is provided through FEMA and can consist of individuals from FEMA, NGA, USFS, contractors, and others. The overall environment is very dynamic with large quantities of ad hoc requests initially followed by frequent updates of event-specific standard products. The staffing positions are highly technical and fast-moving.

SAR activities require on-site geospatial support to meet the aggressive missions they are given. In past events (i.e., 9/11 in New York City and Hurricane Katrina), the dedicated staff totaled over 20 individuals. In addition, field support can supplement the operations with appropriate duties. On-site (field) support includes map production, data collection, and

mission-specific analysis. Fixed support can include imagery analysis and data processing.

Authoritative Data

SAR operations produce minimal authoritative data sets. Base data comes primarily from Homeland Security Infrastructure Program (HSIP) Gold and local sources collected on site. (see Table 3–24)

Specific Products

There are several standard products used for all SAR operations. In addition, each SAR area may have its own mission-specific products. These standards are always augmented by a multitude of ad hoc products focused at answering specific nonstandard questions. Some are “one-off” products and others evolve into standard products that are unique to the specific event.

SAR products include, but are not limited to:

Operational Management• Mission Tracking• Base of Operations • Area Management• Safety• Resource Tracking• Search Planning• Flight Planning

Tactical Missions• Search Tasking• Search Status• Transportation Plans

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Critical Medical Support

Overview

Emergency Support Function #8 (ESF #8) - Public Health and Medical Services leads efforts to provide critical medical support during disaster response activities. These services must be available immediately after an incident, when permanent resources and facilities are damaged or overwhelmed by the impact of the event. The efforts required cover all aspects of medical needs from child birth to basic first aid.

Critical medical services must be available to the incident survivors as well as the response workers. Services also cover the medical needs of members of the “at risk” or “special needs” population as defined under the NRF. This section will not address veterinary medicine.• Patient Evacuations. ESF #8 is responsible

for transporting seriously ill or injured patients and medical needs populations from casualty collection points in the impacted area to designated reception facilities. ESF #8 may request DoD, VA, and FEMA, via the national ambulance contract, to provide support for evacuating seriously ill or injured patients. Support may include providing transportation assets, operating and staffing National Disaster Medical System (NDMS) Federal Coordination Centers, and processing and tracking patient movements from collection points to their final destination reception facilities.

• Emergency Equipment/Supplies. In addition to deploying assets from the SNS, ESF #8 may request DoD or the VA to provide durable medical equipment and supplies. These provisions include medical, diagnostic and radiation-detecting devices as well as pharmaceuticals and biologic products. This provides support for immediate medical response operations and for restocking health care facilities in the impacted area.


Agriculture/Food

Mobile FoodMobile Commissary - Mobilized Locations Point 48 hour DOI/NIFCMobile Food Unit - Mobilized Locations Point 24 hour DOI/NIFC

Emergency Services


FEMA SAR Metrics Polygon 3 day FEMAFEMA SAR Recovery Point 24 hour FEMAFEMA SAR Rescues Point 48 hour FEMAFEMA SAR Temporary Landing Zones Point 48 hour FEMAFEMA Search Grid (2 minute x 2 minute) Polygon 24 hour FEMAFEMA Search Grid (30 second x 30 second) Polygon 24 hour FEMAFEMA Search Management Sectors Polygon 24 hour FEMAFEMA US&R Search Status Polygon 24 hour FEMAFEMA US&R Search Targets Point 24 hour FEMAFEMA US&R Unsafe Areas Polygon 48 hour FEMA

Emergency Resources

FEMA US&R Equipment Cache Locations Point Immediate FEMAMobile Shower Facilities Point 24 hour DOI/NIFC

Field Operating Locations

FEMAArea Command/Unified Area Command Post Point 24 hour FEMAIncident Command Post (ICP) Point 24 hour FEMA


DHS

Disaster Medical Assistance Team (DMAT) Locations Point 48 hour FEMAFEMA Incident Management Assistance Team (IMAT) Point 24 hour FEMAFEMA US&R Canine Teams Point 3 day FEMAFEMA US&R Incident Support Teams Point 24 hour FEMAFEMA US&R Teams (Deployed) Point 24 hour FEMAIncident Management Teams (IMTs) Federal Type 1 and Type 2 Point 48 hour FEMAUSCG Strike Teams Point 24 hour DHS/USCG

DoDNGB WMD-Civil Support Team Deployed Locations Point 48 hour NGB (JFHQ-STATE)USACE Planning & Response Teams (PRTS) Point 48 hour DoD/USACE

Other Federal Agency

EPA Environmental Response Team (ERT) Point 24 hour EPAMine Rescue Teams Point 3 day MSHA/MEO

State/LocalCBRNE Enhanced Response Force Package (CERF-P) Point 24 hour NGBHazmat Emergency Response Units - Local Point 48 hour FEMA (State/Local)Search and Rescue Units - Local Point 24 hour FEMA (State/Local)

Table 3–24: Authoritative Data - Response Mission - SAR

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• Patient Care/Staffing Medical Facilities. ESF #8 may task DHHS components to engage civil service personnel, the officers from the U.S. Public Health Service Commissioned Corps, the regional offices, and states to engage civilian volunteers and request the VA and DoD to provide

available personnel to support pre-hospital triage and treatment, inpatient hospital care, outpatient services, pharmacy services, and dental care to survivors who are seriously ill, injured, or suffer from chronic illnesses who need evacuation assistance, regardless of location.

• Medical Needs Assessments. DHHS, in collaboration with DHS, mobilizes and deploys ESF #8 personnel to support national or regional teams to assess public health and medical needs, including the needs of at-risk population groups, such as language assistance services for limited English-proficient individuals and accommodations and services for individuals with disabilities. This function includes the assessment of the health care system/facility infrastructure.

• Health Monitoring. DHHS, in coordination with supporting departments and agencies, enhances existing surveillance systems to monitor the health of the general and medical needs population. DHHS carries out field studies and investigations monitoring injury and disease patterns, potential disease outbreaks, blood and blood product biovigilance, and blood supply levels. In addition, they provide technical assistance and consultations on disease and injury prevention and precautions.

Operational Support

The Emergency Management Group (EMG), operating from the DHHS Secretary’s Operations Center (SOC), coordinates the overall national ESF #8 response and maintains constant communications with the NOC. All headquarters and regional organizations participating in response operations report public health and medical requirements to the appropriate ESF #8 representative operating in the NRCC, RRCC and JFO, when activated.

Geospatial staff supporting the DHHS SOC and ESF roles with the NRCC, RRCC, and JFO provide products assisting in risk analysis, needs evaluations, and analysis to determine the capability required to meet the mission objective and provide required public health and medical support to state, tribal, and local officials.

Best Practices - Search and Rescue ManagementBy the very nature of the SAR mission, geospatial tools support critical information requirements in the management of their operations. SAR activities are conducted at the ground-level (i.e. street, buildings) and are managed across the extent of the impacted area (i.e. multi-county, multi-state). Information identifying specific locations (points and areas) is tasked, collected, and acted upon with distinct references to the geography of the search area. The geospatial products supporting this mission are critical to the operational and tactical SAR operations. All products must maintain a simplicity allowing them to be replicated in color, black and white, and at worst drawn by hand.

In an effort to accommodate conflicting requirements for coordinate systems in printed map products, FEMA is working to develop a standard for FEMA operational maps using the US National Grid (USNG) System (Memo dated May 28, 2009 from William L. Carwile, Assistant Administrator for Disaster Operations). This effort is intended to improve the overall effectiveness within FEMA by standardizing and streamlining operations.

Local IntegrationFederal SAR resources are deployed in support of State and local operations. They provide a multitude of specialized plans, tools, techniques, and institutional knowledge adapted from other areas of expertise to assist in the SAR mission. These resources arrive on-site, integrate with local emergency operations, and engage in the roles assigned to them. In doing this, event-specific strategies and standards are developed in effort to provide the most effective support to the operation.

Information tracking

The SAR mission is spatially defined and directed. Operational directives task resources to the field-level entities to undertake specific missions in specific areas. Tactical assignments are given in the field, referencing points and/or areas for action. Field-level activities are tasked and completed with their progress tracked and reported with spatial references to areas and locations. Reported information is then compiled into map-based products for presentation to the command staff for planning the next operational period.

Referencing points and areasThere are several predominate systems in place that support interoperability across SAR operations, most notably latitude and longitude and the USNG. SAR support entities are deployed from across the country and come together from many different disciplines. These groups and individuals may by default favor one system over another as their day-to-day non-disaster operations are often using one legacy system for their activities. The basic requirements for SAR related geospatial products are as follows:• Point Reference - Provide options for USNG and

latitude and longitude on all map products. This is accomplished through the inclusion of grids for both systems overlaid on all products (can be generated within most software platforms).

• Area Reference - Each SAR operation must define a system for managing search areas. This will be used for reporting, general area reference, and the generation of map-books and other geospatial products.

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Authoritative Data

The Critical Medical Support Mission produces minimal authoritative data during response activities. With efforts focused primarily on analysis and deployment of resources, many of the data compiled are simple resource tracking files consisting of basic point references for various transient field operations. (see Table 3–25)

Specific Products

Products supporting the Critical Medical Support Mission include, but are not limited to:

Life-Saving Activities• Evacuation areas and routes• Special needs populations• Urgent transport

Resource Deployments• Medical team deployments• Commodity caches

Impact Assessments• Damaged facilities• Resource requirements

Critical Food, Shelter, and Water

Overview

Following an event, many communities are left without the basic needs they require for survival: food, shelter, and water. These critical resources must be available to assist the survivors of an event in a very short timeframe. ESF #6 - Mass Care, Emergency Assistance, Housing, and Human Services is led by DHS/FEMA and coordinates many federal entities in the provision of critical food, shelter, and water. This section focuses on topics within the two primary functions supporting disaster response efforts under ESF #6.

Feeding Operations. Feeding includes a combination of fixed sites, mobile feeding units, and bulk distribution sites. These operations are often co-located with shelter sites and can be placed in support of other facilities including disaster response entities.

Sheltering. Emergency sheltering uses pre-designated shelter sites in existing structures within the affected area(s), as well as additional sites designated by local government. In addition, nonconventional sheltering may include hotels, motels, and other single-room facilities. Temporary facilities can include tents, prefabricated modular facilities, trains, and ships.

In addition to supporting the actual shelter facilities, information management systems such as the National Shelter System (NSS) are constantly used and maintained during a crisis. The NSS is a comprehensive web-based database that provides


Rescue and Emergency Medical Services

Armed Forces Reserve Medical Units Point 3 day DoD (NGB)

Event ImpactDamage - Infrastructure Hospitals/Medical Damage Point 24 hour ESF

EvacuationEvacuation Targets/Status Point 24 hour FEMA (State)Evacuation Tracking - Special Needs Point 24 hour FEMA (State)Quarantine Areas Polygon 48 hour DHHS

Healthcare and Public HealthDirect Patient Healthcare

Health Monitoring Results Polygon 3 day DHHSMedical Requirement Assessments Polygon 3 day DHHS

Health Supporting Facilities

Pharmaceutical Storage and Stockpile Point immediate FDA

Strategic National Stockpile (SNS) Sites Point 24 hour DHHS/CDCSpecialized Response Teams

DHHS DHHS Incident Response Coordination Team (IRCT)

Point 3 day DHHS

DHS

Disaster Mortuary Operational Response Team (DMORT) Locations

Point 3 day FEMA

Medical Emergency Radiological Response Team (MERRT)

Point 24 hour FEMA

National Nurse Response Teams (NNRT) Point 24 hour FEMANational Pharmacy Response Teams (NPRT) Point 48 hour FEMANational Veterinary Response Team (NVRT) Locations

Point 3 day FEMA

Other Federal Agency DOI Interagency Hotshot Crews Point 3 day DOI/NIFC

Table 3–25: Authoritative Data - Response Mission - Critical Medical Support

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information for shelters during response to disasters and emergencies. Reports from the NSS detail the location and capacities of shelters (evacuation, general, ADA compliant, pet friendly, medical, etc.) open, on stand-by, or closed. The information is submitted by the local, tribal, state, and voluntary agencies (VOLAG) operating these shelters and provides information on survivors to family members and support to evacuations (including registration and tracking of evacuees) and assists in the reunification of families.

Bulk Distribution of Emergency Commodities. Bulk distribution of emergency commodities includes the distribution of emergency relief items to meet urgent needs through sites established within the affected area(s). These sites are used to distribute food, water, or other commodities in coordination with federal, state, local, tribal, and territorial governmental entities as well as voluntary agencies and other private sector organizations.

Operational Support

FEMA, the lead agency for ESF #6, coordinates federal response and recovery operations with state, local, and tribal governments, VOLAGs, and the private sector. ESF #6 assistance is managed and coordinated at the lowest possible organizational level (i.e., JFO and RRCC). Only requests that cannot be filled or issues that cannot be resolved at the RRCC/JFO levels are elevated to the NRCC, ESF #6 Branch for resolution. Initial response activities focus on immediate needs of survivors. Recovery efforts are initiated concurrently with response activities.

While many of the larger initiatives are managed and monitored by headquarters-level offices within FEMA and the ARC, the majority of the initial analysis and deployment orders are directed at the RRCC/JFO level. Geospatial support is typically accessed through the GIU of the Planning Section at the JFO.

Authoritative Data

The authoritative data associated with this mission is sensitive by nature and in many cases will be protected by the Privacy Act. Data will identify the locations of individuals and a mobile critical infrastructure. (see Table 3–26)

Specific Products

Products developed to support the delivery of Critical Food, Shelter, and Water come from many different sources (federal, state, local, nonprofits, and contractors). Products are developed for specific internal requirements, and many are shared with the greater response community in reports and emails. Examples of products include, but are not limited to:

Shelter • Locations with sponsor information, populations,

etc.• Population analysis: home location, income,

relations to others

Feeding• Operation locations with capacities• Commodity storage• Requirement analysis

Distribution• Points of distribution (PODs) locations• Staging areas• Requirement analysis• Tracking of commodities distributed• Delivery locations

Table 3–26: Authoritative Data - Response Mission - Critical Food, Shelter, and Water


American Red Cross ARC Deployments Point 24 hour ARC


Ice/Water Distribution Metrics Point 3 day DOD/USACEIce/Water Model Estimates Polygon 24 hour DOD/USACENational Shelter System Point 24 hour FEMA

Event Impact

Evacuation NRC Evacuation Shelters/Reception Centers

Point 48 hour NRC


FEMA

Federal Operational Staging Areas (FOSAS) Point 24 hour FEMAFEMA Mobilization Centers and Staging Areas

Point 24 hour FEMA

Points of Distribution (POD) Sites Point 3 day FEMA (USACE, State EOC)State Staging Areas Point 24 hour FEMA

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4.0 disasTer operaTions

This section discusses the primary operation centers supporting DHS-related activities before, during, and after a disaster. These entities provide the oversight, direction, and coordination required at the federal level to support disaster operations. The following graphic identifies the information reporting streams from field operations to the executive-level briefings (see Figure 4–1).

In addition to formal reports, DHS provides a suite of web-based visualization tools to federal, state, and local partners through HSIN for situational awareness, visualization, and lightweight analytics.

The intent of this section is to discuss the geospatial requirements and specific products supporting the following federal operation centers.

Figure 4–1: Disaster Operations Reporting Structure

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4.1 DHS National Operations CenterOverview

The Office of Operations Coordination and Planning’s (OPS) mission is to integrate DHS and interagency planning and operations coordination in order to prevent, protect, respond to, and recover from terrorist threats/attacks and other man-made or natural disasters. Through the National Operations Center (NOC), the DHS OPS interacts with DHS Components, State Governors, Homeland Security Advisors (HSAs), law enforcement partners, and critical infrastructure operators in all 50 states and more than 50 major urban areas nationwide.

The NOC provides real-time situational awareness and monitoring of the homeland, coordinates incident response activities, issues advisories and bulletins concerning threats to homeland security and provides specific protective measures. The NOC operates 24 hours a day, 365 days a year to coordinate information sharing to help deter, detect, and prevent terrorist acts and to manage domestic incidents. Information on domestic incident management is shared with EOCs through HSIN.

Roles and Responsibilities

The NOC is the principal operations center for DHS and provides situational awareness and a COP for the entire federal government, as well as for State, local and tribal governments as appropriate. The NOC ensures that critical terrorism and disaster-related information reaches government decision-makers. In the performance of its mission, the NOC enables the Secretary and other leaders to make informed decisions and identify courses of action during an event or threat.

In addition to NOC staff, more than 30 entities from the federal, state and local level have a presence within the NOC. These agencies work in tandem with

the NOC to collect, fuse, and share information. RFIs are coordinated by the NOC’s on-duty Senior Watch Officer (SWO) with the Desk Officers representing specific DHS components, other federal agencies, state and local law enforcement agencies, as well as non-governmental organizations. The NOC establishes information sharing partnerships with specific customer groups through Communities of Interest (COI) within HSIN. Additional methods for information sharing include phone calls, emails, and reports from and to specific agencies.

Specific geospatial roles and responsibilities include:• Spatial Tagging. In support of creating National

Situation Summaries, the NOC Knowledge Management Officer (KMO) establishes an area of interest and creates a summary product for the incident. This geospatial picture is viewable from the HSIN COP COI within a stored map view in iCAV. In addition, the KMOs use DHS Earth for situational awareness. When immediate products are required, NGA supports the NOC leadership for enhanced decision making and executive presentations. These products are often made available to KMOs for distribution to the greater HSIN community.

• GIS Support. Within the NOC, the GIS Watch Desk provides geospatial production and geospatial data visualization support to the NOC Senior Watch Officers and the NOC Director as its primary mission. The NOC GIS Watch Desk Officer, or Geospatial Analyst (GA), also provides

GIS subject matter expertise, imagery and data requirements support, and production capabilities to DHS component operations centers, as well as the DHS Office of Intelligence & Analysis. The NOC GIS Watch Desk also serves as a liaison and coordination point with the NGA Support Team (NST).

• Remote Sensing. The NOC relies primarily upon the Interagency Remote Sensing Coordination Cell (IRSCC) during incidents to ensure that federal airborne assets and sensors are tasked efficiently. Additionally, the NOC relies upon the NST to assist with tasking for Commercial Remote Sensing (CRS), as well as classified national imagery. The NOC also coordinates with the US CBP via the Air and Marine Operations Center to task CBP unmanned aerial vehicles to fly particular missions. Real-time video feeds from these tactical resources are streamed to the NOC for Senior Watch Officer Situational Awareness.

• Modeling. CBRN releases, explosions, fires, and other events can create smoke, gas, or particulate plumes. During planning for special events, response to real world incidents, or in line with training and exercises, the SWO will often want to have situational awareness of downwind consequences (real or simulated) of such plumes. The NOC GIS Watch Desk coordinates that awareness as a spatial requirement, for which Lawrence Livermore National Lab (LLNL) provides modeling expertise. The IMAAC serves as the single point of coordination for

Table 4–1: Authoritative Data - Disaster Operations - NOC


Emergency Management Blue Force Tracking Point 12 hour DHS/NOCEmergency Management NOC Message Alert Location Point 24 hour DHS/NOC

Event ImpactDamage - Infrastructure NOC Sweat Model Polygon 24 hour DHS/NOC

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modeling, production, and dissemination of Federal government dispersion modeling and predictive products. The SWO is the Authorized IMAAC Requestor (AIR) within the NOC. The SWO relies upon the GIS Desk Officer’s subject matter expertise to assist with coordination and integration with NOC operations.

Operational Support

Among its various duties, the NOC is responsible for tracking and reporting the National Situation Summaries, the International Situation Summary (ISS) as well as RFIs from the executive branch, DHS components, DoD, and ESFs. Operational support provided by the NOC is primarily centered on gathering event data, coordinating the enhancement of this data with other homeland security partners, and disseminating this information to customers to provide situational awareness. The role of the NOC is to provide information to DHS executive stakeholders for reporting, decision making, and response coordination.

Production Methods

The NOC GA is responsible for managing the NOC’s Geospatial Production Request (GPR) process, in coordination with the SWO. The GA produces products both for the SWO, other NOC desk officers, OPS leadership, and other DHS customers. These products can be requested on both a normal priority for day-to-day planning and support operations to a high priority for incident management situational awareness and assessment. The type of product created will always depend on the time allotted by the requestor, as well as the level of effort deemed necessary by the SWO.

The GPR process begins when a requestor submits an RFI to the NOC GIS Watch Desk. The on-shift GA ensures that a NOC number is assigned to the project by notifying the SWO on-duty, as well as the Tracker, who assigns the number in their Tracker Database.

The GA then begins project planning in close coordination with the requestor, searching foundation-level data sets, official data sources, as well as historic products. If additional data is needed, the GA has three avenues to satisfy data needs: (1) Open source collection; (2) Geospatial data fusion and conversion (of textual reporting); or (3) the NOC RFI process. For the NOC RFI process, the GA works with the SWO and Tracker to task other DHS component desks or interagency operations centers to provide data within a specific timeframe.

As the product is created, and analysis conducted, the GA works iteratively with the requestor to ensure that the product continues to meet the requirements. Upon completion, the SWO has final approval over all product dissemination. Methods for dissemination include a variety of tools, to include: HSIN COIs (FedOps, COP, LE, EM, GIS, etc.), GEOINT Online, Intelink, as well as direct dissemination via email to the requestor.

Authoritative Data

The NOC uses authoritative data as provided by each of its component and mission partner Watch Desk Officers. The NOC RFI system, as managed by the Tracker Watch Desk, pushes RFIs from the SWO, Crisis Action Team (CAT) Director or other DHS leadership personnel to the appropriate data providers.

The NOC GIS Watch Desk also uses a National Information Exchange Model (NIEM)-compliant suite of data standards. These standards help to structure and facilitate the sharing of data sets within the NOC’s Geodata Catalog. These data sets are identified as authoritative within the National framework of the Federal Geospatial Data Committee (FGDC) and by their respective data stewards (see Table 4–1).

Best Practices - DHS OneViewDHS OneView is a secure, web-based, geospatial visualization application that allows individual users to view and interact with data and application services within the DHS Geospatial Information Infrastructure (GII). OneView users have the ability to add external data sources to their view in common web service formats (KML, KMZ, WMS, and GeoRSS). Other capabilities within OneView include basic attribute query, measurement, location (geocoding, reverse geocoding, and gazetteer), and routing tools.

Geospatial information provides a key connection across homeland security-specific missions. OneView delivers the visualization and analytic tools to support the mission stakeholders in their efforts. With OneView, homeland security partners can establish a comprehensive situational and strategic awareness across the nation to better prepare, prevent, respond, and recover from crisis-related events.

Access to OneView is granted to authorized federal, state, and local emergency responders, emergency managers, homeland security officials and other personnel with official infrastructure protection responsibilities, through HSIN. OneView can be accessed from most web-browser systems, enabling its use from both fixed and mobile environments. For more information on DHS OneView see Appendix E of the DHS GeoCONOPS.

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Product Specifications

The NOC collects, fuses, produces, and disseminates volumes of geospatial and spatially-referenced data each day. These include both “official” reporting, web-based geospatial data visualization, as well as finished geospatial products.

Official NOC reporting products include, but are not limited to:• NOC Message Alerts. Disseminated as required

via email to a set distribution list. Message alerts typically contain a level of awareness, a location of the alert event, and a description of the issue.

• NOC COP. Updated as significant situations develop and available via HSIN. The components of the NOC COP include National Situation Summaries, ISS, RFI Tracking Management, Situation and Spot Report Tracking Management, NOC Event Chronology, Blue Force Tracking, Critical Infrastructure Monitor, GIS, and Media Analysis.

• Spot Reports. Spot Reports provide warning reports for incidents meriting immediate notification to the NOC. They are submitted to inform selected individuals or entities of critical information as it becomes available.

• Security, Water, Electricity, Accessibility, Telecom Charts. These charts provide a county by county view color coded (red: 0%–39%, yellow: 40%–79%, green: 80%–100%) as to the percent of availability of these elements

4.2 DHS National Infrastructure Coordinating Center Overview

The DHS Office of Infrastructure Protection (IP) within the National Protection and Programs

Directorate (NPPD) leads the coordinated national program to reduce risks to the nation’s critical infrastructure (CI) and to strengthen national preparedness, timely response, and rapid recovery in the event of an attack, natural disaster, or other emergency. The Contingency Planning and Incident Management Division (CPIMD) of IP coordinates and implements preparedness activities such as exercises, contingency planning, and incident management in events that impact the nation’s CI. CPIMD operates the NICC. The NICC is part of the NOC and is the 24 x 7 coordination and watch center that serves as the primary focal point for CI-related situational awareness.

The NICC is divided into two elements; the NICC Watch and the Incident Management Cell (IMC). The primary role of the NICC Watch is to operate as a watch center that continuously assesses the operational status of the nation’s CI and provides situational awareness to DHS leadership. The NICC serves as a two-way conduit for information sharing between the federal government and the private sector partners on the status of CI during and after a natural or manmade event.

The IMC serves as IP’s central mechanism for coordinating IP incident management activities and provides incident-specific situational awareness through the integration of information regarding CI, risk, response, and recovery operations. The IMC is staffed by all divisions within IP; however, CPIMD and the NICC are the lead IP Division responsible for RFI receipt, tasking, tracking, and fulfillment. These RFIs consist of requests for geospatial products, post-event imagery, CI status, and management-level situation reports.


The NICC provides the Assistant Secretary for IP, the NOC, and senior DHS/IP decision makers with a central location for CI-related event situational

awareness and response coordination. In addition, the NICC provides a centralized hub through which CI public and private sector owners and operators are able to request status information, analysis, geospatial products, and imagery of their facilities, pre-event, during, and after impact of the event. The NICC collects these RFIs and tasks/tracks their fulfillment via its internal RFI management tool. RFIs for analysis, geospatial products, and event imagery are then tasked out to NICC support elements, most notably the NISAC, IMAAC, NRCC, and IICD for fulfillment.

Specific geospatial roles and responsibilities include:• GIS Support. IICD provides geospatial

production and geospatial data visualization support to the NICC and IP IMC. They maintain a minimum of one geospatial analyst on-site at the NICC and IMC during normal daily operations and surge capacity during an event. To support field operations, regional Information Exchange Brokers (IEB) and Geospatial Annalists (GA) within each of the PSA Regions. Standard products include base map imagery, event boundaries such as hurricane cones, wildfire perimeters, contamination areas, and significant CI, which are defined as Infrastructure of Concern (IOC) within the area of interest. The NICC uses iCAV and DHS Earth for visualization of events impacting CI in the area of interest to maintain situational awareness on the NICC watch floor and within the IMC.

• RS. The IICD also provides post-event imagery collection coordination with the NRCC on behalf of the NICC and the IMC. Post-event imagery collection is typically focused on IOC within the impacted area. Requests for post-event imagery originate from a combination of customers including private sector partners, federal partners, and DHS management. The imagery is made available to the customer via a variety of mechanisms including the KML file format used to display geographic data, soft copy presentations

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uploaded to the HSIN GIS COI, or email. Release of the imagery may be limited to federal and specific customers only depending on the sensitivity of the product or the request of the customer.

• Modeling. The NISAC uses a number of tools to perform event-driven, rapid analysis. From a geospatial perspective, one of the primary tools used is FASTMap. FASTMap is a suite of mapping and analysis tools custom built for rapid infrastructure analysis. Results from FASTMap are disseminated in a number of different formats including KML, ESRI shapefile, and in hardcopy as well as softcopy geospatial products. The IICD collects FASTMap outputs to provide enhanced situational awareness both on the NICC watch floor and within the IMC.

Operational Support

The IMC is the central information collection, triage, and processing element for all IP incident management activities and private sector partner suspicious activity reporting. When an incident occurs, the IMC, in coordination with the NICC watch, becomes the primary node for CI incident-specific RFls. Within the IMC, the Incident Manager is responsible for prioritizing all incoming RFls. When a request is received, the RFI is verified and accepted by the IMC’s Information Fusion Cell.

Specific GIS capabilities delivered on behalf of the NICC include:• Daily Support. Geospatial product development

is executed at the request of the customer. An example of these types of requests would be maps showing the location of specific dams in a certain region. Daily support maps typically contain base map imagery and infrastructure point data. The geospatial production support is typically provided on the NICC watch floor, with additional resources available as required.

• NationalSecuritySpecificEvents(NSSE)Support. Prior to an NSSE, map books are created depicting various areas of interest and sector-specific infrastructure data. Examples of NSSE geospatial products include a map book for the Super Bowl or the recent Presidential Inauguration.

• Incident/Event State Support. Examples of event state geospatial products include post-hurricane landfall imagery of chemical facilities in the impacted area. Incident/event state support is provided by contractor support as well as the IMC.

The Quick Look product provides the NICC partners with a brief, visual depiction of any CI in a given geographical area. The development is initiated in response to an incident or for an upcoming event and is not intended to be an in-depth analysis of area infrastructure. This product is delivered as a PowerPoint presentation.

Spot Reports are unclassified - FOUO documents used to notify the NOC, sector specialists, and IP leadership of emerging incidents/events impacting the nation’s CI. A Spot Report provides as much information as the watch stander can gather on the incident in a short period of time. Depending on the amount of information available, a geospatial product may be requested to insert into the report to provide location information.

Current Situation Reports provide a more in-depth analysis of an incident impacting CI. Situation Reports are initiated as follow-on reporting to an initial Spot Report or to inform of a slowly developing situation that has risen to a level where reporting would be prudent. The watch stander may request a map product to insert into the report displaying the location and any CI affected in the area.

Production Methods

RFIs from customers to the NICC are requested via phone and email. NICC watch standers track official

RFIs within the Master Watch Control Log (MWCL). Open RFI items are closed out after distribution to NICC customers. Primary customers of the NICC include the Protective Security Advisors (PSA) deployed in the field, sector-specific agencies, DHS NOC, the IP IMC, and Infrastructure Liaison Officer, when a JFO is created in response to an incident/event. The NICC leverages its relationship with IICD for support with requests for more complex geospatial product development when necessary. The RFI requests that generate geospatial products from the IICD team are initially entered in a spreadsheet and then tasked to the Geospatial Production Team (GPT).

The tools used to create and disseminate these products consist primarily of web-based geospatial data viewers; thick client analytic tools; data storage, manipulation and management capabilities; and data/product dissemination mechanisms.

Products requested may range from simple geospatial map products showing the IOC in a given area to more complex geospatial products depicting event locations (e.g., hurricane path, fire perimeter, radiation plume) in relation to CI. In addition, the RS Team receives requests for post-event imagery and works through the Interagency Remote Sensing Coordination Cell (IRSCC) to fulfill these requests.

Authoritative Data

The NICC uses data provided by DHS IP, identifying nationally significant, high-consequence assets and systems to prioritize the nation’s CI. High-level criteria for inclusion on this list include assets that if destroyed or disrupted could cause some combination of significant casualties, major economic losses, or widespread and long-term disruptions to national well-being and governance capability. Identification of these nationally significant assets is conducted annually and relies on the combined insights of Infrastructure Analysis and Strategy Division (IASD),

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the NISAC, the state/ territorial Homeland Security Advisors and the federal sector-specific agencies. The resulting list provides DHS and its security partners with the ability to efficiently and effectively implement protection programs and initiatives such as grant programs, buffer zone protection efforts, facility assessments training, and related activities.

The Tier 1 and Tier 2 data set is classified when provided in its entirety for a given state or within one of the 18 sectors. To provide customers with an unclassified version of these critical assets, IVB will create geospatial products that narrow the AOI around an event to a level where the data presented does not conflict with the classification guidelines. The resulting unclassified data set is then referenced as IOC. Additional IP/NICC authoritative data sets consist of the following (see Table 4–2):


Geospatial data is maintained in shapefile and Relational Database Management System formats and is and is shared as a KML file. Within the IMC, geospatial products generated on behalf of the NICC by the IICD are typically 11”x 17” in size and wall size maps are 30” x 60” and displayed prominently within the IMC.

Symbology used by the IICD typically consists of the FGDC compliant symbology available within the HSIP data set. The IICD provides map and post-event imagery products in paper, pdf, jpg, and KML formats. Each product adheres to a consistent and standardized format as determined by the IMC. Once completed, and if appropriate, each product is given a standard naming convention (yyyy/mm/dd/RFI/size) and uploaded to the HSIN GIS COI for customer retrieval.

4.3 FEMA National Response Coordination CenterOverview

FEMA’s Disaster Operations Directorate coordinates and provides the core federal disaster response capability needed to save lives, reduce suffering, and protect property in communities throughout the nation that have been overwhelmed by the impact of a major disaster or emergency, regardless of cause. The Disaster Operations Directorate must ensure that federal emergency response systems and capabilities are properly poised to support states and communities overwhelmed by disasters and emergencies.

The FEMA NRCC is a multiagency entity operating from FEMA headquarters that functions as the operational component of the DHS NOC. The NRCC coordinates personnel and resource deployments to support disaster operations and prioritizes interagency allocation of resources. It maintains situational awareness linkages with regional, state, and local partners and 24 x 7 watch team. The NRCC is staffed to support daily monitoring activities with the ability to surge in support of catastrophic events.


The NRCC integrates the nation’s emergency response teams, systems, and capabilities into a comprehensive, coordinated operational capability to provide an effective and efficient response to major disasters or emergencies. The NRCC coordinates all federal emergency management disaster operational planning and programs to ensure the delivery of immediate emergency assistance to support individuals and communities.

FEMA, through the NRCC, provides coordination and support for geospatial activities responding to federally declared disaster response and recovery activities. This support reaches to the 15 ESF desks, FEMA mission areas, and the DHS NOC and NICC. In addition to federal headquarters operations, the NRCC provides geospatial services to the FEMA regional offices and field operations.

Specific geospatial roles and responsibilities include:• GIS Support (FEMA MAC). The MAC supports

the NRCC through the GIS Coordinator desk. The MAC is fully staffed and able to provide surge capabilities for disaster production. Standard MAC products include visualization of flooded areas, modeled hurricane impacts, HAZUS outputs, disaster declaration areas, damage locations and FEMA applicant locations. In addition to these products, the MAC accepts ad hoc requests for all types of information products related to an event.

Table 4–2: Authoritative Data - Disaster Operations - NICC



Infrastructure Quicklook IAL Point 3 hour DHS/NICCInfrastructure of Concern (IOC) Point 3 hour DHS/NICCPatriot Report Area of Concern Polygon 24 hour DHS/NICCQuick Look Area of Concern Polygon 24 hour DHS/NICC

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Damage - InfrastructureCommunications Damage Point 24 hour ESFPower Supply Damage Point 24 hour ESF

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Products requiring specific field information may be forwarded to individuals supporting field activities.

• RS. RS requirements are coordinated by FEMA’s RS coordinator, also located in the NRCC. Imagery collection and processing is tasked through existing relationships with NGA, USGS, and other federal and commercial sources. The RS Coordinator works closely with customers in the NRCC, FEMA headquarters, DHS, FEMA regions, and FEMA/state field offices to ensure that all requirements are met and duplication of

efforts is prevented. Once acquired and processed, imagery is made available to all entities supporting the event through various media sources. In some situations, licensing restrictions may limit use to federal or other users.

• Modeling. In support of the NRCC, the MAC is the designated entity for producing HAZUS runs of record for FEMA. The MAC produces standardized Level 1 HAZUS analyses using the hurricane, flood, and earthquake models and has developed a dissemination method and protocol

for sharing the standardized products. The model developers provide technical support to the MAC.

Operational Support

The NRCC provides support to all presidentially declared disasters, special security events, and other significant events as required. The MAC is the primary geospatial production entity for all federal operations and is augmented by NGA, USGS, USACE, and other federal geospatial offices.

Production Methods

GIS requests are taken by the NRCC GIS Coordinator who validates requirements and forwards them to the MAC lead. Requests are then triaged and assigned to individuals. The analyst staff work with the customer to deconflict any concerns and the product is generated and delivered to the customer. In situations where data must be collected or created, the analyst works to acquire the best available data and validates with the customer as needed.

RS requests are given to the NRCC RS Coordinator for execution. Requests include details of the area to be acquired, level of detail necessary, and any time constraints. Acquisitions are combined with others when possible and are discussed in a conference call forum when possible to ensure that others are aware of activities and able to assist or be included. Once complete, imagery and derived products are made available to all responding entities as allowed by licensing and other restrictions.

The MAC uses the ESRI Suite of software for data collection/creation, data maintenance, analysis and map production. Additional software tools include Oracle, geocoder, Adobe Acrobat, Adobe Connect, and others. Geospatial products developed for formal delivery follow basic standards for layout and content and are reviewed for content accuracy and spelling prior to delivery.


Emergency Services


FEMA IA Applicants Point 48 hour FEMA IAFEMA NFIP Claims Polygon 5 day FEMA MitigationFEMA PA Applicant Locations Point 6 day FEMA PAFEMA PA Project Locations Point 12 day FEMA PAPresidential Disaster Declaration Areas Polygon immediate FEMAPresidential Emergency Declaration Areas Polygon 24 hour FEMA

Event Impact

Event Location

Imagery Derived Products (Targets) Point 24 hour FEMAImagery Post-Event (Aircraft) Raster 3 day FEMAImagery Post-Event (Motion Video) Video 24 hour FEMAImagery Post-Event (Satellite) Raster 3 day FEMA

Modeling Radiological Hazard Warning (RHW) Point 24 hour NRC (FCC)Field Operating Locations

DoD JTF Joint Operations Center Point 24 hour NORTHCOM/PACOMSpecialized Response Teams

DHS

FEMA Incident Management Assistance Team (IMAT)

Point 24 hour FEMA

FEMA MERS/MATTS Locations (Deployed)

Point 24 hour FEMA

Scientific and Technical Advisory and Response Teams (STARTS)

Point 48 hour FEMA

Table 4–3: Authoritative Data - Disaster Operations - NRCC

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The NRCC maintains a minimal amount of unique data. Base data is provided by HSIP Gold and other government and commercial sources. The NRCC is a major data user and produces many products designed to answer specific questions. Products and data are provided through HSIN, email, and other means to the NOC, NICC, and FEMA regional offices on an as-needed or as-available basis (see Table 4–3).


Geospatial data is maintained in ESRI Oracle/SDE format for internal use and output into geodatabase, shapefiles, and xml formats, depending on customer requirements. Data collected for input can be accessed from almost any source type and may be labor/time intensive. Collections of event data are specific to the FEMA entity directly supporting the response and recovery efforts and are generally not accessible across the network and must be requested at the point of origin.

The MAC uses a standard symbology based on ICS and FGDC Homeland Security formats with additions for FEMA- specific data and products. The NRCC provides map products in pdf, jpg, and other formats. Using standardized layouts, the MAC produces products with a consistent feel and makes the template available to all FEMA facilities. In addition to internal production, several standard products are made available on FEMA’s public Internet site. These include map graphics, specific authoritative data themes, and xml exports.

4.4 FEMA Regional Response Coordination Centers Overview

FEMA’s RRCCs operate within each of the 10 FEMA regional offices around the nation. These facilities provide support to each of the states within the regional boundaries as well as support disaster operations within other regions during major multistate events.

The FEMA RRCC is a multiagency entity operating from FEMA regional offices in two capacities: watch mode, operating during normal business hours and activation mode, when supporting relevant events. The RRCC is staffed to support daily monitoring activities with the ability to surge in support of catastrophic events.

The RRCC functions as the regional interface between the states and the FEMA NRCC, maintaining situational awareness with all partners until a JFO opens. The RRCC coordinates personnel and resource deployments to support disaster operations and prioritizes interagency allocation of resources.


The RRCC integrates the regional and national emergency response teams, systems, and capabilities into a comprehensive, coordinated operational capability to provide an effective and efficient response to major disasters or emergencies. The RRCC coordinates all federal emergency management disaster operational planning and programs to ensure the delivery of immediate emergency assistance to support individuals and communities.

FEMA, through the RRCC, provides key coordination and support for geospatial activities

Best Practices - HAZUS Concept of OperationsPrior to 2008, FEMA did not have a standardized process for using HAZUS for disaster response or a system to disseminate the output products for recovery operations. Recognizing the need to have an authoritative source for HAZUS modeling in support of the NRCC, GIS Solutions Branch (GSB), under the Office of Chief Information Officer (OCIO), developed the HAZUS Concept of Operations (CONOPS). This CONOPS is intended to define the official HAZUS run of record for FEMA, minimizing opportunities for conflicting HAZUS model from entering the disaster response community.

With the development of the HAZUS CONOPS, FEMA has taken an important step in the integration of the HAZUS model into the suite of geospatial tools that are used by the NRCC to assess disaster impacts. While HAZUS has been used by FEMA for a decade or more to estimate losses from earthquakes, floods and hurricanes, the CONOPS provides clear, official guidance on the use of HAZUS by the GSB to support the NRCC in gaining situational awareness.

The HAZUS CONOPS outlines procedures for producing standardized Level 1 HAZUS runs of record for FEMA and the emergency management community. The CONOPS identifies the GSB Mapping Analysis Center (MAC) as the designated geospatial entity for producing HAZUS runs of record for FEMA. The HAZUS CONOPS defines operational deliverables, workflow, tools, and data sources for providing standardized Level 1 HAZUS hurricane, earthquake, and flooding products. The standardized products are intended to be disseminated through internal FEMA networks as well as HSIN.

The HAZUS CONOPS is an important contribution in the application of modeling to support disaster impact assessments. It is important that the SMEs running HAZUS are experienced in its use for disaster operations (rather than for planning purposes) and prepared to quickly and effectively interpret and share the modeled results. The HAZUS CONOPS fuses procedures required to guide the use of HAZUS together into a single authoritative document to support situational awareness and disaster operations.

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responding to federally declared disaster response and recovery activities. This support reaches the regional and national response teams, the 15 ESF desks, FEMA mission areas, and the NRCC. In addition to regional operations, the RRCC provides the initial geospatial support required to provide situational awareness to regional field operations.

Specific geospatial roles and responsibilities include:• GIS Support. The GIU, under the Planning

Section, provides all regional GIS and RS support in response to an event. FEMA is responsible for the management and coordination of all geospatial activities and provides services ranging from basic map production to field data collection to overhead coordination with other federal entities.

• Remote Sensing. RS requirements and requests are coordinated by the RS Coordinator within the GIU.

• Modeling. In some situations, FEMA headquarters will provide the RRCC with HAZUS expertise. Through technical support from the Risk Analysis Branch, the RRCC has been able to identify and prioritize HAZUS outputs for use in disaster operations, based on the reliability of the analysis and value to the emergency management community.

Operational Support

The RRCC provides support to all events of regional interest, this includes local events with the potential to expand, significant civil and weather events, national special security events (NSSE), declared disasters, and other events as required. The GIU is the primary geospatial production entity for RRCC operations and is augmented by NGA, USGS, USACE, and other federal geospatial offices.

Production Methods

GIS requests are taken by the RRCC GIU where they are validated against mission requirements and acted upon. Requests are triaged and assigned to

individuals. The analyst staff work with the customer to deconflict any concerns. The product is then generated and delivered to the customer. In situations where data must be collected or created, the analyst works to acquire the best available data and validates with the customer as needed.

RS requests are given to the RRCC GIU lead and passed to the RS Coordinator for execution. Requests include details of the area to be acquired, level of detail necessary, and any time constraints. Acquisitions are combined with others when possible and are discussed in a conference call forum when possible to ensure that others are aware of activities and able to assist or be included. Once complete, imagery and derived products are made available to all responding entities as allowed by licensing and other restrictions.

Geospatial products developed for formal delivery follow basic standards for layout and content and are reviewed for content accuracy and spelling prior to delivery.

Authoritative Data

The RRCC maintains data unique to the Federal Government. Some of this critical information is collected from state and local governments to support FEMA’s operations. Although FEMA is not the originating entity of this information, it is compiled from multiple entities and consolidated into theme-specific federated data sets. This information is then available as common operating data in support of various regional missions.

Base data is provided by HSIP Gold and other government and commercial sources. The RRCC

Figure 4–2: Example JFO/GIU Organizational Chart

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is a major data user and produces many products designed to answer specific questions. Products and data are provided through HSIN, email, and other means to the state/local EOCs, the FEMA NRCC, and other entities on an as-needed or as-available basis (see Table 4–4).


Geospatial data is maintained in ESRI shapefile and ESRI Oracle/SDE formats for internal use and output into geodatabase, shapefiles, and xml formats, depending on customer requirements. Data collected for input can be accessed from almost any source type and may be labor/time intensive. Collections of event data are specific to the FEMA entity directly supporting the response and recovery efforts and are generally not accessible across the network and must be requested at the point of origin.

RRCC symbology varies by regional office and is often based on ICS and FGDC Homeland Security formats with additions for FEMA specific data and products.

The RRCC provides map products in pdf, jpg, and other formats. Product layouts adhere to common basic standards but do vary by facility maintaining a common local feel.

4.5 FEMA Joint Field OperationsOverview

A FEMA JFO is established within an affected state following the presidential declaration of a disaster. The JFO is a temporary federal/state multiagency coordination center (as defined by the NIMS) established locally to facilitate field-level domestic incident management activities related to prevention, preparedness, response, and recovery. The JFO provides a central location for coordination of federal, state, local, tribal, nongovernmental, and private

Table 4–4: Authoritative Data - Disaster Operations - RRCC

Sub Category Theme Type Delay POCEvent Impact

Damage - Infrastructure Road Damage Polyline 24 hour FEMA (State/Local EOC)

Evacuation

Evacuee Reception Point 24 hour FEMAFederal Medical Shelters Point 24 hour VAHurricane Evacuation Routes Polyline 24 hour FEMAMandatory Evacuation - State/Local Polygon 24 hour FEMA (State/Local

EOC)Patient Reception Point 24 hour VAVeteran Locations Point 48 hour VAVeteran Patient Tracking Point 48 hour VA

Event Location Tornado Touchdown - Current Point 24 hour NOAAField Operating Locations

FEMAIncident Command Post (ICP) Point 24 hour FEMAJoint Field Office (JFO) Point 24 hour FEMA

Man-Made Hazards

Emergency Warning

Civil Danger Warning (CDW) Point 24 hour FCC (State/Local)Civil Emergency Message (CEM) Polygon 24 hour DHS (FCC)Evacuation Immediate (EVI) Polygon 24 hour FCC (State/Local)Hazardous Materials Warning (HMW) Polygon 24 hour FCC (State/Local)Law Enforcement Warning (LEW) Polygon 24 hour FCC (State/Local)Local Area Emergency (LAE) Point 24 hour FCC (State/Local)Nuclear Power Plant Warning (NUW) Point 24 hour NRC (FCC)

Natural Hazards

Emergency Warning

Avalanche Warning (AVW) Polygon 24 hour USGS (State/Local)Avalanche Watch (AVA) Point 24 hour USGS (State/Local)Blizzard Warning (BZW) Area Polygon 24 hour NOAA/NWSCoastal Flood Warning (CFW) Area Polygon 24 hour NOAA/NWSCoastal Flood Watch (CFA) Area Polygon 24 hour NOAA/NWSDust Storm Warning (DSW) Area Polygon 24 hour NOAA/NWSEarthquake Warning (EQW) Polygon 24 hour USGS (FCC)Fire Warning (FRW) Polygon 24 hour FCC (State/Local)Flash Flood Warning (FFW) Area Polygon 24 hour NOAA/NWS

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sector organizations. The JFO works to establish joint priorities and allocate resources, resolve agency policy issues, and provide strategic guidance to support federal incident management activities. The exact composition of the JFO is dependent on the nature and magnitude of the incident.

The JFO uses the scalable, modular organizational structure of the NIMS in the context of both pre-incident and post-incident management activities (see Figure 4–2). The JFO may begin as a small staff supporting the Principal Federal Official (PFO) or Federal Coordination Official (FCO) upon arrival in the affected jurisdiction and will expand or move as required to accommodate additional JFO

subcomponents. While every JFO will generally consist of a Coordination Group/Staff, and JFO Sections (Operations, Planning, Logistics, and Finance/ Administration), the size and number of units within each section will vary according to the nature of the situation. The JFO structure should be seen as a scalable “menu” from which applicable component elements can be added as the incident requires.

The JFO may include a limited number of principal state (represented by an appropriate state official or State Coordinating Officer [SCO]), local, and tribal officials, as well as NGO and private sector representatives. The JFO staff focus on providing support to on-scene efforts and incident management and/or disaster response and recovery program implementation and coordinating broader support operations that may extend beyond the immediate incident site. The JFO does not manage on-scene operations.


Geospatial activities at the JFO reside predominately within the GIU under the Planning Section. The GIU operates as the coordination lead for GIS, RS, and modeling activities for the JFO. In support of the Planning Section, the GIU is involved with overall situational awareness and reporting activities for the event. The JFO GIU maintains contact with the RRCC and NRCC as required for mutual support. While there are many “standard” products available across an event, there are a multitude of ad hoc requests for products and services unique to the specific event. The GIU assists in the coordination and implementation of geospatial activities outside the JFO. These efforts include internal field-data collection, imagery collaboration, field team support (Area Field Offices [AFO]), and state, local, and other external customers.

In addition to the GIU, geospatial entities may be operating under the authorities of PA, operations,


Emergency Warning

Flash Flood Watch (FFA) Area Polygon 24 hour NOAA/NWSFlood Warning (FLW) Polygon 24 hour NOAA/NWSFlood Watch (FLA) Area Polygon 24 hour NOAA/NWSHigh Wind Warning (HWW) Area Polygon 24 hour NOAA/NWSHigh Wind Watch (HWA) Area Polygon 24 hour NOAA/NWSHurricane Warning (HUW) Area Polygon 24 hour NOAA/NWSHurricane Watch (HUA) Area Polygon 24 hour NOAA/NWSSevere Thunderstorm Warning (SVR) Area

Polygon 24 hour NOAA/NWS

Severe Thunderstorm Watch (SVA) Area

Polygon 24 hour NOAA/NWS

Special Marine Warning (SMW) Area Polygon 24 hour NOAA/NWSTornado Warning (TOR) Area Polygon 24 hour NOAA/NWSTornado Watch (TOA) Area Polygon 24 hour NOAA/NWSTropical Storm Warning (TRW) Area Polygon 24 hour NOAA/NWSTropical Storm Watch (TRA) Area Polygon 24 hour NOAA/NWSTsunami Warning (TSW) Area Polygon 24 hour NOAA/NWSTsunami Watch (TSA) Area Polygon 24 hour NOAA/NWSVolcano Warning (VOW) Area Polygon 24 hour USGS (FCC)Winter Storm Warning (WSW) Area Polygon 24 hour NOAA/NWSWinter Storm Watch (WSA) Area Polygon 24 hour NOAA/NWS


DHSFEMA Damage Assessment Teams Point 48 hour FEMAFEMA Emergency Response Team-Regional (ERT-A)

Point 24 hour FEMA

Table 4–4: Authoritative Data - Disaster Operations - RRCC (Continued) 2 of 2

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mitigation, DHS, USACE, EPA, and other federal agencies in support of their specific missions. These entities must coordinate with the JFO GIU to ensure operational awareness and minimize duplication of effort.

Specific geospatial roles and responsibilities include:• GIS Support. The GIU, under the Planning

Section, is the federal coordinator of all geospatial activities supporting the event and provides support to all federal and state entities in response to an event. FEMA is responsible for the management and coordination of all geospatial activities and provides services ranging from basic map production to field data collection to overhead coordination with other federal entities. The GIU continues to provide large quantities of printed products and augments these with various digital tools to meet their requirements.

• RS. RS requirements and requests are coordinated by the RS Coordinator within the GIU. The JFO RS Coordinator in turn works with colleagues at the RRCC and/or NRCC to provide customers with the products they require.

• Modeling. At the JFO, technical support from the Risk Analysis Branch can be leveraged to assist in the running of the HAZUS model and the prioritization of modeled outputs for use in disaster operations. In addition, derived data is accessed to produce nonstandard products for the JFO customers.

Operational Support

The JFO provides geospatial support to all entities involved in the response and recovery efforts related to the event supported. Geospatial requests at the JFO are submitted through the JFO GIU where they are triaged and acted upon. Each event drives the creation of several standard products that are updated and improved regularly to meet customer demands.

In addition, ad hoc requests may consume well over half of the GIU resources.

The GIU can fluctuate in size from 1 to 50 members to accommodate the event requirements. As the primary geospatial production entity for JFO operations, the GIU and its staff must remain agile. FEMA has the ability to pull federal staff from across the government in support of disaster operations. Typically federal staff will be requested from NGA, USGS, USACE, and USFS to support the operations at the JFO.

RS activities are assigned to on-site and off-site entities as appropriate. The GIU RS Coordinator works closely with state/federal partners and the NRCC RS Coordinator to provide the required levels of support. Often, coordination efforts allow missions to be combined across multiple requests and/or fill requests with data products already acquired by other entities.

Production Methods

GIS requests are taken by the JFO GIU where they are validated against mission requirements and acted upon. Requests are triaged and assigned to individual analysts. The analyst staff work with the customer to deconflict any concerns, and the product is generated and delivered to the customer. In situations where data must be collected or created, the analyst works to acquire the best available data and validates with the customer as needed.

RS requests are given to the JFO GIU lead and passed to the RS Coordinator for execution. Requests include details of the area to be acquired, level of detail necessary, and any time constraints. Acquisitions are combined with others when possible and are discussed in a conference call forum when possible to ensure that others are aware of activities and able to assist or be included. Once complete, imagery and derived products are made available to all responding entities as allowed by licensing and other restrictions.

Best Practices - Disaster Data and ProductionOn February 1st 2003, the Space Shuttle Columbia broke apart during re-entry into the earth’s atmosphere killing the crew and spreading debris over 300 miles across East Texas and into Louisiana. As the lead agency for the immediate recovery efforts, FEMA established a GIS team at the JFO and began to assist the efforts with products and data management for the field operations.

The need for a centralized debris database was identified almost immediately and hasty plans were made to design and develop it. The Shuttle Interagency Debris Database (SIDD) was constructed and the entire event revolved around it. As the event progressed, the SIDD housed records of all debris collected, supported daily mission taskings, and collected citizen reports of debris found as well as the action taken by the field teams. This single data set was incorporated into the majority of map products produced for the event and provided the key piece of COD for everyone involved.

The production requirements for the 90-day search and recovery effort exceeded that of any other event from a single field operation. To maximize effectiveness, the primary production focused on three products; search management, air search, and ground search. To support this, a second key component of the database was developed, the Shuttle Search Grid. This simple data set was utilized to manage the areas searched, create map products, collect post-search field reports, and manage the product requests and tasking.

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Geospatial products developed for formal delivery follow basic standards for layout and content and are reviewed for content accuracy and spelling prior to delivery.

Authoritative Data

The JFO maintains data unique to the Federal Government but is a significant user of data acquired from other entities. Some of this critical information is collected from state and local governments to support FEMA’s operations. Although FEMA is not the originating entity of this information, it is compiled from multiple entities and consolidated into theme-specific federated data sets. This information is then available as common operating data in support of various regional missions.

The JFO GIU invests a considerable amount of labor to locate, collect, and process data required by its customers. While many federal-level data sets provide the thematic overages required, the detail and currency of local data make on-site data acquisition a major requirement. This data, collected early in the event operations, provides critical support to response, recovery, and mitigation efforts across the lifespan of the recovery efforts. When the JFO closes, this data is archived at the appropriate FEMA regional office for continued and future use.

Base data is provided by HSIP Gold and other government and commercial sources. The JFO is a major data user and produces many products designed to answer specific questions. Products and data are provided through HSIN, email, and other means to the state/local EOCs, the FEMA RRCCs, FEMA NRCC, and other entities on an as-needed or as-available basis (see Table 4–5).


American Red Cross ARC Deployments Point 24 hour ARC


FEMA IA Applicants Point 48 hour FEMA IAFEMA PA Applicant Locations Point 6 day FEMA PAFEMA PA Project Locations Point 12 day FEMA PAState Guard Joint Receiving Points Point 48 hour NGB/State GuardState Guard Logistic Supply Points Point 48 hour NGB/State GuardState Guard Staging Areas Point 48 hour NGB/State GuardState Guard Unit Locations Point 48 hour NGB/State Guard

Emergency Resources

Generator Placement Point 48 hour DOD/USACE, FEMA

Event Impact


Bridge/Tunnel Damage Point 48 hour ESFCommercial Building Damage Polyline 5 day FEMA (State/Local

EOC)Gas Distribution Damage Point 24 hour ESFGovernment Building Damage Polyline 5 day FEMA (State/Local

EOC)Residential Building Damage Polyline 5 day FEMA (State/Local

EOC)

Event Location

Burned Areas Polygon 48 hour USGSCoastal Flooding Polygon 48 hour USGSDebris Flows Polygon 48 hour USGSDebris Locations Polygon 3 day USGSDisease Impacts Polygon 48 hour CDCFlood-Fight Measures Polygon 24 hour FEMAMarine Hazards Polygon 48 hour NOAAOil Spill Locations Polygon 48 hour NOAAStorm Tracks Polygon 24 hour NOAA/NWSTsunami Damage Polygon 24 hour NOAAWildfire Induced Hazards Polygon 48 hour USGS

Table 4–5: Authoritative Data - Disaster Operations - JFO 1 of 2

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Geospatial data is maintained in many formats for internal use and output into geodatabase, shapefiles, and xml formats, depending on customer requirements. Data collected for input can be accessed from almost any source type and may be labor/time intensive. Collections of event data are specific to the FEMA entity directly supporting the response and recovery efforts and are generally not accessible across the network and must be requested at the point of origin.

JFO symbology varies by facility and is typically based on ICS and FGDC Homeland Security formats

with additions for FEMA-specific data and products. Because of the dynamic nature of disaster response and the wide array of JFO customers, symbol standards are often created or modified to meet the unique situations of the event-driven environment.

The JFO provides map products in paper, pdf, jpg, and other formats. Product layouts adhere to common standards but do vary by facility to create a common local feel. Paper is the predominate medium for field-level map products and the GIU must be postured to meet these requirements.

Digital products do however provide the predominate means for sharing geospatial information with

off-site entities. Geospatial data is shared actively between FEMA and other facilities in several formats. Geospatial products are produced in various graphic formats and posted to operation center sites, attached as emails, and included with digital-versions of JFO reports.

4.6 FEMA Interim Operating FacilityOverview

In support of catastrophic, no-notice, and other events, FEMA may initiate their efforts with the opening of an Interim Operating Facility (IOF). The IOF is intended to operate as a light-weight version of a JFO with core staffing and the ability to quickly setup operations with minimal dedicated infrastructure. The IOF provides the initial location for federal coordination efforts in support of State guided local missions. Much like a JFO, the IOF is a flexible entity and varies greatly depending on its specific mission and the evolution of the event it supports. The IOF is staffed by a regional or national IMAT team and tailored specifically to the federal requirements for the expected operations. Figure 4–3 shows the organization of the national IMAT teams.

In disaster response, the IOF serves as the immediate and potentially pre-event federal presence for field-level federal operations. The IOF may be co-located with the State EOC, or operate from a convention-center or other suitable facility proximal to the state offices of an impacted community. The IOF is expected to transitions support over to a JFO as it comes on-line, typically several days to two weeks. Staff deployed to the IOF will move to the JFO and continue their support roles for the event.

In support of National Special Security Events (NSSE), Federal resources are deployed to maintain a level of security for the specific event. When directed, FEMA can setup an IOF to house their staff deployed

Sub Category Theme Type Delay POCField Operating Locations

DoD JTF Joint Operations Center (State) Point 24 hour NGB

FEMADisaster Recovery Center (DRC) Point 24 hour FEMASatellite JFO Facilities Point 48 hour FEMAState Staging Areas Point 24 hour FEMA

Government FacilitiesDHS FEMA Logistics Centers Point immediate FEMA

Man-Made HazardsEmergency Warning Shelter in Place Warning (SPW) Polygon 24 hour FCC (State/Local)


DHS Incident Management Teams (IMTs) Federal Type 1 and Type 2

Point 48 hour FEMA


Infrastructure Assessment Response Team

Point 48 hour DOD/USACE

Navigation Response Team Point 48 hour NOAANOAA Incident Meteorologists (IMET)

Point 48 hour NOAA

Oil Spill/HAZMAT Response Team Point 48 hour NOAAVaccination Teams Point 48 hour VA

Table 4–5: Authoritative Data - Disaster Operations - JFO (Continued) 2 of 2

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as a preparedness measure. In this setting, the IOF may occupy space on a military base, hotel, State offices or other facilities. NSSE deployments are planned in advance and have a defined staffing plan to support the anticipated operations for the event.


The IOF is rostered for a single geospatial lead within the IMAT. This individual provides federal coordination for the event supported. Additional geospatial staff can be deployed to support the IOF however, the primary geospatial activities at the IOF are focused at the coordination for data and products as opposed to map production. The IMAT GIU lead will rely on reach-back opportunities to the NRCC and RRCC for most external product requests.

Operational Support

In supporting a disaster event, the JFO will assume responsibility for all geospatial activities. The GIU lead at the IOF may become the JFO GIU lead or transition over as support staff to the JFO. A significant benefit of the IOF interactions revolves heavily around coordination efforts at the federal, state, and local levels. The relationships developed at the IOF allow the JFO to immediately begin operations with significant connections to key data and map products. This relationship continues as remote sensing requests are submitted and geospatial activities escalate with the expansion of disaster response and recovery operations.

Production Methods

GIS and remote sensing requests are taken by the IOF GIU Lead from internal and external customers. Internal requests can be filled by the IMAT GIU lead in support of team operations. External requests are forwarded to the RRCC, NRCC, or JFO (if available) for completion.

Authoritative Data

The IOF produces minimal datasets for their operations. Much of the data utilized by the IMAT GIU lead is provided by federal sources or state/local partners. Core base data comes from HSIP Gold and the FEMA MAC. Any data created at the IOF will be transferred directly to the JFO for continued efforts.


The IOF maintains data in many formats and often performs the database processing efforts at the JFO due to staffing and mission efforts. Data collected locally will continue to be of value as the event operations progress. Geospatial products are developed according to general FEMA standards to

include layout style, symbology, and output formats. Products are shared through HSIN and direct upload to the FEMA network.

Figure 4–3: Example IMAT Organizational Chart

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5.0 CaTasTrophiC disasTers

Catastrophic events result in an immediate surge of requirements exceeding available resources. The majority of guidance documents related to disaster operations are focused on frequently occurring events and provide a core framework that supports all levels of Federal, state, and local response and recovery operations. This section of the GeoCONOPS provides detailed guidance on the provision of geospatial support activities for catastrophic natural and man-made events.

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5.1 Event TypesWithin the GeoCONOPS, events are broken into two basic categories; Natural and Man-Made Events. This provides for a simplified discussion area and provides clear separation between events.

5.1.1 Natural Events

Natural events are inherently dynamic. While they are predictable to a point, events initially believed to be minor threats can quickly become catastrophic. Natural events with catastrophic potential range from hurricanes (with counts and severity predicted yearly) to earthquakes (predicted by magnitude and large reoccurrence intervals). Natural disaster threats are variable with both predicted (notice) and surprise (no-notice) events happing regularly across the country.

Notice Events

Weather -based events generally provide opportunities to observe their formation and development, greatly aiding predictions related to magnitude and impact potentials. The science behind these prediction efforts continues to improve as do the response plans that build from the detail they provide. Natural notice events include; hurricanes, wildfire, riverine flooding, and wind storms.

This advanced notice allows commodities and other resources to be pre-deployed in preparation for the predicted impacts. The response activities with these events benefit greatly from the pre-event attention they are provided. In some situations, Federal Emergency Declarations are granted to provide immediate funding for pre-event activities.

No-Notice Events

No-notice events, including earthquakes, tornadoes, and volcanoes, initially create a multitude of unknown effects. The impacted areas, level of

damages, and immediate threats must be defined to support initial impact assessments and planning for disaster response. Depending on the situation, this and other information may be delayed or otherwise unavailable. Estimates from modeling and other geospatial tools may serve as the basis for the immediate response activities.

In addition to local knowledge and assumptions, computer-based models are utilized to assist in defining potential impacts immediately following an event. These tools may be designed specifically for response efforts while others are adapted from their role in planning and preparedness estimations.

5.1.2 Man-Made Events

Man-Made events address all human-induced scenarios whether intentional or unintentional. Fixed facilities such as nuclear, chemical, and biological operations are required to maintain planning and exercise efforts. If an event is generated at these locations, site managers and the local communities are prepared to respond effectively. Terror-based events in contrast can be planned for and exercised however, the dynamics of location and community variables will always impact the response efforts.

Terror-based events are typically surprise events at any local chosen by the terrorists. These events generally have plans compiled for them. The dynamics of the venue and occupancy will vary widely and create a multitude of uncertainties.

Notice Events

Man-made notice events would include failing nuclear facilities and pre-identified terrorism targets. With these events, pre-event activities would be initiated to include; threat monitoring, assessments of impact potential, evacuations ordered, and protective measures enacted. While many of these events have been planned for, each event will create unique

impacts and require an aggressive and dynamic response by the whole community.

No-Notice Events

A terrorism scenario would most-likely fall into the no-notice category as they are typically intended to surprise and inflict terror. Since the 9/11 attacks, efforts in prepared and protection against terror-based events have expanded significantly. While the related activities have increased our nation’s overall preparedness, much of the response effort will be uniquely defined by the mechanism of the attack and the location it is undertaken.

In addition to intentional actions, man-made events can be caused by natural events such as earthquakes and hurricanes. In these instances, the man-made event will impact an already difficult situation. In all situations, modeling tools, specialized team reports and first-hand information will be imperative in supporting situational awareness and overall decision making.

5.2 The New Madrid Earthquake ScenarioThis section of the GeoCONOPS explores the details of applying geospatial technologies in support of efforts following a catastrophic natural event. The New Madrid Seismic Zone (NMSZ) earthquake scenario has been selected as a discussion focus for the preceding text. The NMSZ has a 10 percent probability of a catastrophic NMSZ earthquake in the next fifty years.

The GeoCONOPS uses a detailed scenario to outline the expected geospatial activities that will occur as a result of a catastrophic NMSZ earthquake. Documenting the timing for application of geospatial tools as a result of a NMSZ scenario provides an understanding of activities resulting from an earthquake no-notice event. The geospatial activities

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can be applied to response efforts of an actual catastrophic event or support disaster exercises.

The NMSZ earthquake scenario was developed by FEMA and the Mid America Earthquake (MAE) Center for contingency planning efforts to assist in defining the Federal government’s response to an earthquake in the NMSZ. The NMSZ earthquake scenario is a magnitude 7.7 (Richter scale) earthquake caused by a simultaneous rupture over the entire length of three separate segments in the NMSZ impacting an eight state region.

HAZUS was used to estimate losses in the eight impacted states, in support of the multi-year New Madrid Catastrophic Planning Initiative. The earthquake model estimates the impacts of scenario earthquakes on buildings, transportation and utility lifelines and the population at risk. Model outputs include maps and tables of estimated losses.

Figure 5–1 shows the ground shaking intensity from the scenario event. As a result of this intensity, high level impacts include:

• Severe ground shaking occurs in western Kentucky, Tennessee, southeast Missouri, and northeast Arkansas

• An estimated 141 counties are impacted in the eight state region

• By day 3, approximately 3 million people will seek shelter

• There are approximately 82,000 injuries and 3,500 deaths

• Approximately 715,000 buildings will be damaged, with 230,000 damaged beyond repair

• Aftershocks of magnitude 6 are likely to occur in the days and weeks following the initial event

5.2.1 Modeled Earthquake Impacts

The following section highlights the nature and scope of damage in the NMSZ of a magnitude 7.7 earthquake, including social impacts (casualties, shelter requirements, displaced households, etc.), damage to buildings and essential facilities, and

damage and loss of functionality to transportation and utility lifelines.

Casualties

The Central U.S. has high concentrations of unreinforced masonry structures and other buildings that are vulnerable to even moderate levels of ground shaking from earthquakes. Damage to vulnerable structures contributes to the estimated 85,000 casualties that occur in the scenario earthquake, including an estimated 3,500 fatalities.

The largest number of total casualties occurs in Western Tennessee, with 25% of all casualties occurring in the Memphis area. Northeast Arkansas and southeast Missouri also incur substantial casualties, as shown in Figure 5–2.

Displaced Population and Shelter Requirements

A magnitude 7.7 earthquake will cause a massive displacement of households in the NMSZ. The HAZUS methodology calculates displaced and shelter-seeking populations based on damage to residential structures, and severe and long-term damage to lifeline systems, including water and power. This “At Risk” population is shown in Table 5–1. At Risk on Day 1 includes estimates of displaced people. At Risk on Day 3 includes displaced plus those without power or water for at least 72 hours.

Estimates for the number of people seeking shelter are calculated as a percentage of the displaced population, taking into consideration demographic composition factors including ethnicity, age, and income level. These demographic factors influence the number of families seeking shelter in a region. For example, those families with limited financial means are more likely to seek public shelter and require short-term housing.

Figure 5–1: Regional Ground Shaking Intensity from NMSZ Earthquake Scenario

Figure 5–2: Total Casualties from Scenario Earthquake

Source: Mid America Earthquake Center Source: Mid America Earthquake Center

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A preliminary analysis of shelter availability and the shelter requirements defined in Table 5–1, conducted as part of the NMSZ catastrophic planning initiative, reveals significant shelter gaps in the NMSZ, with the exception of northern parts of Illinois and Indiana.

Structure Damage

Overall, there are more than 700,000 buildings moderately or severely damaged in the eight states that are in the NMSZ.

As reflected in Figure 5–3, Arkansas and Tennessee experience the most significant building damage. The scenario earthquake would cause at least moderate or severe damage to over 265,000 buildings in Tennessee alone, including nearly 50,000 unreinforced masonry structures.

Essential Facilities

In the aftermath of this event, there will be limited medical, firefighting and law enforcement services in the most impacted states in the NMSZ. Table 5–2 shows the total number of essential facilities in the seven states most at risk from a catastrophic earthquake in the NMSZ, estimates of “at least moderate damage” and estimates of “complete damage.”

Data Analysis:• Approximately 80 percent of essential facilities

that sustain complete damage are located in the three regions: western Tennessee, southeast Missouri, and eastern Arkansas.

Figure 5–3: Estimated Damage to General Building Stock

Figure 5–4: Major Damage to River Crossing Bridges in NMSZ

Figure 5–5: Distribution of Water Outages on Day 1 in NMSZ

Source: Mid America Earthquake Center Source: Mid America Earthquake Center Source: Mid America Earthquake Center

Table 5–1: Estimate of “At Risk” and Shelter Seeking Populations: NMSZ Scenario Earthquake

Source: Mid America Earthquake Center

State & FEMA Region Total

Total Population

At Risk(Day 1)

Seeking Shelter (Day 1)

At Risk (Day 3)

Seeking Shelter (Day 3)

Alabama 4,447,100 9,645 3,081 601,561 173,412Kentucky 4,041,769 53,860 14,952 850,615 233,909Mississippi 2,844,658 61,997 18,345 705,032 205,507Tennessee 5,689,283 316,681 91.103 2,072,942 562,468Illinois 12,419,293 50,285 15,588 650,247 185,139Indiana 6,080,485 9,932 2,701 579,627 153,570Arkansas 2,673,400 124,730 38,827 937,518 285,865Missouri 5,595,211 103,655 30,074 842,002 237,991Total 43,791,199 730,795 214,671 7,239,544 2,037,861

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• Many schools in the study area are unreinforced masonry structures, which account for a high percentage of moderately damaged and completely damaged school buildings.

• Over 40 EOCs will be completely damaged, which will significantly impact the ability of local emergency response to respond to needs.

Transportation System Damage

The scenario earthquake damages over 3,500 highway bridges in the 140 counties in the NMSZ. Approximately 1,255 highway bridges will sustain complete damage. Many of these bridges cross the Illinois, Mississippi, Missouri, Ohio, and Arkansas Rivers, which carry high volumes of traffic as well as major pipelines and communications lines. Figure 5–4 shows major damaged bridges that cross these rivers, which will impede emergency response and evacuation operations.

Water and Power Outages

Over a million households will be without water following a magnitude 7.7 earthquake in the NMSZ, with over 500,000 in Tennessee alone. Similarly,

power outages are widespread, occurring in over 100 counties, and affecting approximately 2.5 million households (see Figure 5–5).

The severity of utility damage and duration of disruption has a major impact on the number of households that will seek shelter following the scenario earthquake. In addition, water outages in population centers impede fire suppression.

Scenario Summary

The comprehensive earthquake impact assessment that was undertaken by the MAE Center in support of the New Madrid catastrophic planning initiative utilizes HAZUS and other advanced models to quantify economic loss, building and infrastructure damage, and social impacts. The results of the analysis characterize the catastrophic nature of a magnitude 7.7 earthquake in the NMSZ, and implications for response and recovery.• Economic losses approach $300 billion.• There is substantial damage to utility

infrastructure, particularly in the impacted counties, leaving 2.6 million households without electricity and 1.1 million households without water after the event.

• Major transportation corridors are interrupted by damage to key infrastructure. Extensive bridge and road damage limits the viable routes for transporting commodities and aiding evacuation efforts.

• Damage to essential facilities will limit the response capabilities of fire, medical, law enforcement and emergency management in the 140 counties that are most impacted.

• Direct damage to over 700,000 buildings will generate significant urban search and rescue team requirements.

• Inland road, rail, air and river travel in the Central U.S. will be severely impacted in the aftermath of the scenario event.

• Over two million people will require temporary shelters after the event due to extended lack of utility services.

• Waterways may become blocked with debris, reducing the viability of major shipping channels in the U.S., namely along the Mississippi, Ohio, Missouri and Arkansas Rivers.

The results of the loss estimation studies provide FEMA and the states at risk with information that can be used to identify resource gaps and both strategic and tactical challenges to response and recovery from a catastrophic earthquake in the NMSZ.

5.2.2 PPD-8 Mission Area Support

The New Madrid Geospatial Timeline Figure 5–6 and Figure 5–7 identifies high-level Federal activities designed to support response and recovery to a catastrophic earthquake in the NMSZ. The geospatial activities (see Figure 5–6) are organized into three categories (Operations, Models, Remote Sensing), and further grouped into the three overlapping key activities (Life-Saving, Damage Assessment, Recovery), described in Section 3. The graphics included in this section (see Figure 5–7) provide an overview of activities based on the following assumptions.• Each push pin represents a key support activity

(coded 1-40) with an approximate beginning and end time.

• Each Mission Area is represented by a horizontal platter extending to the right as defined by its operational duration

• Activities support multiple Mission Areas and are connected by a dashed line dropping to the next platter.

Table 5–2: Estimated Damage to Essential Facilities in the NMSZ

Essential Facility

Total Facilities

At Least Moderate Damage

Complete Damage

Schools

Fire Stations

Police Stations

Hospitals

Emergency Operations Centers (EOC)

44,288

8,958

3,984

2,615

869

1,322

729

379

129

116

277

177

136

32

44

Source: Mid America Earthquake Center

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Figure 5–6: New Madrid Geospatial Activities

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Figure 5–7: New Madrid Geospatial Timeline

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• A significant number of Federal activities are initiated concurrently within the first hours of the No-Notice event.

• This graphic represents the “as-is” nature of these activities during this type of event.

The graphics are intended to align the key activities in the GeoCONOPS with core geospatial activities. This alignment illustrates the complexities and overlap of geospatial products and information during the initial 90 days following the NMSZ event.

The following sub-sections define many of the activities undertaken within the PPD-8 Mission Areas. Within each Mission Area, sample Essential Elements of Information (EEIs) are provided for individual activities (see section 2.1.5 for background on EEIs). While EEI lists may be slightly unique to a specific functional area, facility, and/or event type, they generally share common themes and use similar titles regardless of their source. In all instances, EEIs are activity generated information therefore an activity could begin on day 1 while the information may not be available for another 36 hours.

Under the NRF, Federal activities are undertaken by each of the 15 Emergency Support Functions (see section 1.5 for background on the ESFs). With representation at the NRCC, RRCCs and each JFO, key ESF information is reported and shared across the community. The ESFs are responsible for the following functional areas:• ESF #1 – Transportation• ESF #2 – Communications• ESF #3 – Public Works and Engineering• ESF #4 – Firefighting• ESF #5 – Emergency Management• ESF #6 – Mass Care, Emergency Assistance,

Housing, and Human Services• ESF #7 – Logistics Management and Resource

Support

• ESF #8 – Public Health and Medical Services• ESF #9 – Search and Rescue• ESF #10 – Oil and Hazardous Materials Response• ESF #11 – Agriculture and Natural Resources• ESF #12 – Energy• ESF #13 – Public Safety and Security• ESF #14 – Long-Term Community Recovery• ESF #15 – External Affairs

For reference, ESF definitions and descriptions are outlined in Section 1.5 of this document.

5.2.2.1 Response Mission

The Response mission is time-critical and locally-driven, with assets deployed and managed through NIMS and/or ICS. At the Federal level, response resources are mobilized and deployed from across the country (as with any catastrophic event). Several factors in the New Madrid scenario directly impact the execution of Response missions: no warning, multi-state area of operations, continued aftershocks, and the potential damage and loss of functionality to communications systems. Combined, these factors generate and maintain high-levels of uncertainty across the life-saving community, placing significant information requirement on the geospatial professionals supporting their efforts.

Many of the response activities overlap between missions as the information they provide is useful for many areas of the event. It is important to understand that the information acquired for a specific mission can and will be repurposed to support activities across the event. The ESFs, through their operations or the compilation of information reported by entities within their specific domain, are expected to provide much of the detailed information on the disaster event, fulfilling the requirements of the EEIs. Information supporting the Response Mission is categorized by EEI in Table 5–3.

Critical Transportation

Transportation infrastructure within the impacted are would be devastated. Following assessments of damages roads, bridges, rail lines, and airports, plans would be made for the transportation of relief workers and commodities. Major over-the-road routes would be repaired utilizing temporary solutions. Initially these routes may be closed to civilian vehicles to ensure assistance is available and that public safety is insured.

Airports would be repaired to accommodate military aircraft. Air traffic control systems would be down for some time, preventing commercial flights. Temporary military and/or contracted resources would control the airspace as commercial systems are brought on-line. Rotary aircraft would be required to meet many of the initial response and relief efforts. Temporary flight restrictions would also be in place.

Rail lines would be severely damaged and virtually useless in the hardest-hit areas of the region. The combination of transportation would be utilized to their potential to stock-pile resources and move staff and commodities into the area. As functional landing zones, airports, roads, and highways are identified, geospatial tools would assist in identifying and displaying these key transportation links and hubs.

Fatality Management Services

Disaster Mortuary Operational Response Teams (DMORT) operations begin in 24-36 hours to assist with the remains of non survivors. Fatality management services are a byproduct of the situation and must be deployed early into the event. This mission requires the creation and maintenance of a business process and supporting database to collect, maintain and retrieve information on the names of the deceased and the location of the recovery. This data is highly sensitive and is vital to meeting the aggressive requirements of the communities impacted.

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Table 5–3: Sample Response EEIs by ESF

Best Practices - Estimating Search and Rescue RequirementsFollowing an earthquake, there is a strong correlation between building collapse and urban search and rescue requirements. HAZUS provides a useful tool to assist in scaling mission requirements for ESF #9 (Search and Rescue) in response to a catastrophic event. FEMA has developed a methodology to calculate the collapse rates of completely damaged structures, based on their building types (e.g., concrete, wood, unreinforced masonry). Through these estimations, the required number of urban search and rescue teams can be identified across impacted areas to assist in triaged deployments. Requirements are identified for the following types of urban search and rescue (US&R) task forces:

• US&R Type I (trained and equipped for heavy reinforced concrete operations)

• US&R Type II (heavy wall, heavy floor, concrete-steel construction)

• US&R Type III (unreinforced masonry construction)

• US&R Type IV (light frame construction)

The product of this analysis for the New Madrid catastrophic planning initiative is a summary of requirements for each type of US&R task force. The requirements analysis is aggregated by state, number of structures assessed per day per team, and other variables that can be used to quantify mission requirements. Demand is most acute for Type I and Type III task forces, with anticipated demand dominated by Memphis and western Tennessee.

For additional SAR-specific Best Practices see SAR Geo-Referencing on page 110.

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Essential Elements of Information

Geospatial Product/Analysis Authoritative Source

Estimated Availability

Activity Code

Boundaries of Disaster Area

USGS Earthquake Notification System ESF #5 1 hour 26

USGS ShakeMap (intensity) ESF #5 1 hour 27

Major Oil/HAZMAT Release ESF #10 12 hours 30

Summary of Impacts ESF #5 24 hours 1

Imagery Derived Boundaries ESF #5 24 hours 38

USACE Dam Failure Inundation (Modeled)

ESF #3 5 days 33

Access to Disaster Area

High Impact Urban Areas ESF #3 12 hours 11

Road Closure Estimates ESF #5 12 hours 29

Bridge & Tunnel Damage Estimates ESF #5 12 hours 29

Debris Estimates ESF #5 12 hours 29

Road Closures ESF #1 24 hours 8

Isolated Communities ESF #5 24 hours 3

Bridge & Tunnel Damage - Reported ESF #1 48 hours 1

River Transportation Status ESF #1 10 days 24

Airport Status Reports ESF #1 24 hours 8

Jurisdictional Boundaries

Communities Impacted (USGS ShakeMap)

ESF #5 1 hour 27

Impacted Communities (Reported) ESF #5 24 hours 29

Hazard-Specific Information

Vulnerable Structure Reports ESF #5 12 hours 29

Active Fires ESF #4 24 hours 6

Unsafe Areas ESF #5 24 hours 3

Secondary Structural Hazards ESF#5 48 hours 5

Vulnerable Structures (modeled) ESF #3 3 days 14

Weather NOAA/NWS Forecasted Weather ESF #5 12 hours 28

NOAA/NWS Forecasted Weather ESF #9 24 hours 7

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Services would be set-up by the local governments to assist families in locating the remains of their loved ones. Information collected through the DMORT process would be sanitized and made available to assist in these services. The details would be expected to include location recovered, date, time, and basic details on cause of death.

Infrastructure Systems

Infrastructure across the region would be significantly damaged. Initial response efforts would focus on stabilizing the high-hazard facilities and systems. Efforts to minimize the cascading effects of everything from nuclear facilities to failing dams would be undertaken. Spatial technologies would be used to identify and triage specific infrastructure targets for inspections and response activities.

Mass Care Services

The provision of critical food, shelter and water is key in supporting the impacted communities across the NMSZ. Initial feeding options focus on low maintenance foods such as military-style Meals Ready to Eat (MREs) and bottled water. As these commodities require delivery to shelters, households, and PODs across the region, geospatial tools can be used in conjunction with the American Red Cross and USACE methodologies to identify and prioritize requirements across the area of impact.

In this event, the demand for bottled water will be difficult to fill beyond the immediate deployment of available resources. Other solutions such as water trailers, tanker ships, and river-water processing options may provide the impacted communities with clean potable water. Geospatial methodologies are utilized to identify request locations and ingress/egress options based upon analysis of demographics and other dynamic critical factors.

As the NMSZ scenario results in an immense number of displaced households across a multi-state region,

Table 5–3: Sample Response EEIs by ESF (Continued) 2 of 3




Activity Code

Demographics Estimated Exposed Populations (USGS ShakeMap/PAGER)

ESF #5 1 hour 27

Impact Upon Income, Ethnicity, & Age (USGS PAGER)

ESF #5 1 hour 27

Impacted Population Estimates ESF #5 1 hour 29

Predictive Modeling

USGS Ground Shaking (ShakeMap) ESF #5 1 hour 27

HAZUS Outputs (General) ESF #5 6 hours 29

USACE Ice/Water Requirements ESF #6 24 hours 31

HAZMAT Locations ESF #10 24 hours 30

Damage Assessments

USACE Post Earthquake Flood Modeling ESF #3 48 hours 33

USACE Debris ESF #3 48 hours 35

IMAAC ESF #5 48 hours 34

USACE Dam Failure Impacts ESF #3 5 days 33

FEMA RNA Team Reports ESF #5 24 hours 4

River Transportation Status ESF #1 48 hours 24

General Imagery Analysis ESF #5 4 days 38

FEMA MAT Reports ESF #5 15 days 25

Airport Modeled Airport Impact ESF #1 12 hours 29

Airport Status ESF #1 24 hours 8

Status of Communities

State/Local Situation Reports ESF #5 6 hours 3

Current Shelter Requirements ESF #6 6 hours 2

Distribution Site Location/Status ESF #6 4 days 10

Status of Transportation

Evacuation Routes ESF #1 12 hours 3

Road, Rail, Pipeline, Port, & Airport Status

ESF #1 24 hours 8

Status of Communications

Land-Line, Cellular, and Internet access status

ESF #2 12 hours 1

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options and strategies for shelter provision are unique. Significant impediments to response to a New Madrid catastrophic earthquake include; accessibility to shelters, weather conditions, and major damage to water and power infrastructure. HAZUS, ShakeCast, and PAGER are among the geospatial tools available to support initial Shelter decision-making. These spatial models provide estimates on populations requiring shelter, residential structure damage, and areas impacted all key elements in determining regional shelter requirements.

Shelters are typically operated by the American Red Cross, however following this event shelters would also “stood-up” by organizations witnessing requirements as well as unorganized options occurring as people congregate after reaching a perceived safe zone. While the National Shelter System maintains geospatial information on the activities of “official” shelters, the ad-hoc shelters will require assistance and will be difficult to locate early into the event.

Many factors will determine the overall requirements for shelter facilities, including damage intensity, weather conditions, and the socio-economic profile of the impacted population. As specific needs are identified, there will be delays in getting resources into the damaged areas and difficulties in mobilizing enough commodities to support the event survivors. Additionally, emergency managers must factor the requirements of special needs populations in developing and executing shelter plans.

Formal evacuations for the New Madrid event would be minimal as there would be few places to accommodate the enormous volume of survivors. As the event response evolves, short and long-term options would become available in areas where they could be supported. Geospatial analysis would assist in determining appropriate locations based on population size, levels of damage, and local infrastructure.

Table 5–3: Sample Response EEIs by ESF (Continued) 3 of 3




Activity Code

Status of Emergency Operations Centers

Federal EOC Status ESF #5 1 hour 1

JFO/GIU Locations ESF #5 24 hours 14

Status of Critical Infrastructure

Federal Critical infrastructure Status ESF #5 1 hour 1

State/local Critical infrastructure Status ESF #5 12 hours 3

Status of State/local EOCs

State/Local EOC Status ESF #5 12 hours 3

Status of Medical Services

Estimated Hospital Functionality ESF #5 4 hours 29

Disaster Medical Team Deployment Status

ESF #8 24 hours 12

Veterinary Team Deployment Status ESF #8 3 days 13

Hospital Status ESF #8 6 days 21

Status of Energy Systems

Damage to Power Infrastructure ESF #12 24 hours 1

Status of Personnel

FEMA IMAT Deployment ESF #5 1 hour 5

Status of Remote Sensing Operations

Remote Sensing Status ESF #5 12 hours 38

Donations/Voluntary Agency Activities

Shelter Status ESF #6 48 hours 2

Public Safety Alert Notifications (reported) ESF #5 12 hours 1

National Guard Security Team Status ESF #5 24 hours 11

High Hazard/Unsafe Areas ESF #5 36 hours 38

Hazardous, Toxic, and Radiological Issues

Public Safety Notices ESF #8 12 hours 1


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Mass Search and Rescue Operations

The multi-state area of operations in a NMSZ scenario and the time-critical nature of SAR missions combine to heighten the importance of effectively utilizing geospatial tools to identify and prioritize the deployment of Federal SAR assets. At the NRCC level, geospatial products will initially be focused at the impacted region, and designed to develop strategic plans for the distribution of SAR resources.

Search and Rescue operations at the Federal level are initiated immediately following the New Madrid event. Initial activation identifies teams for alert status and their availability for deployment to the area of operations. Single or multiple IMT provide direct geospatial support, with additional products coming from the NRCC, RRCCs, and other federal entities. Geospatial products utilized within the IMT support the development of strategic, operational and tactical plans for the deployment of SAR teams.

US&R activities focus on the rescue of persons trapped in confined structures. Geospatial analysts assist in determining areas with high probabilities of structural collapse and spatially locating communities reporting structural failures and/or trapped individuals. The Inland Search teams would assist communities with their efforts clearing rural communities and searching for unaccounted people outside collapsed structures. Water rescue teams are mobilized to assist in river rescue and within areas flooded by levee collapse or diversion of normal river courses.

On-scene Security and Protection

Public safety would be a significant issue across the areas heavily impacted by the earthquake. The local law enforcement staff would be struggling to support their professional duties as they are also victims of the event, having lost property and loved ones. Police forces would be pulled from the surrounding

communities and would be augmented by National Guard forces.

Security for the responders would be required at multiple locations across the region. US&R teams would need protection as they would be operating in devastated communities. Temporary operation centers would require protection as well. The demands of the event would immediately overwhelm the country’s law enforcement officers requiring contracted security to assist.

Public Health and Medical Services

Like SAR teams, medical teams with varying capacities are mobilized to treat potentially thousands of injured disaster survivors. Medical support includes standing-up temporary hospitals to support staff and patients displaced by damaged hospital facilities and to provide hospital services to address incident-related injuries. As potential sites need to be identified prior to the team and other resource deployments, geospatial analysts analyze all available information to identify suitable locations for these facilities.

Emergency evacuations from the field transport survivors to sites appropriate for rotor wing Landing Zones (LZ), vehicular, and foot traffic. These sites are needed throughout the region as survivors are rescued, triaged, and transported to locations inside and outside the impacted area. Sites need to accommodate both aircraft and over-road mechanisms of transportation. In order to support and sustain transportation activities, information such as access routes (ingress/ egress) and airspace closures will need to be updated frequently.

The Critical Medical Support mission requires large volumes of equipment and supplies for delivery to locations across the region. The nature of these shipments requires pre-planned transportation routes and an adequate level of security to ensure the

commodities arrive at the locations where they are required.

The geospatial products available to support medical response planning in a catastrophic earthquake include HAZUS estimates of casualties from structural and bridge damage, and loss of functionality due to damaged medical facilities. Analyses are used to scale mission requirements, and to identify areas with critical medical services requirements.

5.2.2.2 Recovery Mission

In the New Madrid scenario, Response operations may last for 30 days and beyond, and will overlap greatly with Recovery activities. After 15-20 days, rescue efforts wind-down as the focus transitions to medical, feeding and sheltering support activities. The short-term recovery focuses aggressively on providing a core level of government services, sheltering of displaced households, and measures to stabilize the situation. Information supporting the Recovery Mission is categorized by EEI in Table 5–4. The New Madrid Geospatial Timeline highlights the recovery activities for the first 90 days. (see Figure 5–8)

Public Information and Warning

Public information would be critical in the recovery phase of this event. The governments involved would need to explore all available options to ensure that messaging was reaching all survivors in the region. With most of the communication infrastructure damaged, citizens would revert to radio and antenna-based television to receive information on the event.

Outside the damaged area efforts would be in place to keep the country current on the situation and assist off-site citizens with connecting with their loved ones. Media resources would provide assistance with these tasks as a public service. Spatial analysis would help identify communities’ cut-off from

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communications and monitor the theater for areas requiring special messaging options.

Economic Recovery

Economic Recovery efforts would be initiated with analysis exploring the magnitude of damage and the long-term consequences of the event. The direct activities associated with this effort would begin in the months that follow. The geospatial data collected and created during the response and recovery phases would all support the long-term economic recovery of the region.

Health and Social Services

Medical and health requirement would be significant following the earthquake. With many non-fatal injuries, the walking-wounded would be desperate to locate medical care to assist them. Much of the day-to-day medical facilities would be devastated and struggling to maintain care for their patients admitted prior to the event. Emergency rooms may be damaged beyond functionality or may simply be without power. With the large quantity of assistance requests across the region, geospatial analysis could assist in locating pending requests for staff, commodities, and power and build transportation routes between facilities.

Other social services would be required to assist in mental health and special needs populations. The geospatial staff would utilize damage severity and demographics to assist in identifying targeted populations and services. Other analysis would include estimates of casualties from structural and direct impact, routing, and potential locations for federal resources deployments. Analyses are used to scale mission requirements, and to identify areas where critical medical services requirements are needed.

Table 5–4: Sample Recovery EEIs by ESF 1 of 3

Essential Elements of Information Geospatial Product/Analysis Authoritative

SourceEstimated Availability

Activity Code


USGS Earthquake Notification System

ESF #5 1 hour 26

USGS ShakeMap (intensity) ESF #5 1 hour 27Major Oil/HAZMAT Release ESF #10 12 hours 30Summary of Impacts ESF #5 24 hours 1Imagery Derived Boundaries ESF #5 24 hours 38Energy Infrastructure Failures ESF #12 24 hours 32USACE Dam Failure Inundation (Modeled)

ESF #3 5 days 33


High Impact Urban Areas ESF #3 12 hours 11Road Closures ESF #1 24 hours 8Isolated Communities ESF #5 24 hours 3Bridge & Tunnel Damage - Reported ESF #1 48 hours 1Debris Removal Status ESF #3 7 days 20River Transportation Status ESF #1 10 days 24Airport Status Reports ESF #1 24 hours 8



Socio-Economic Impacts

IA Applicant Estimates ESF #6 48 hours 9SBA Applicant Estimates ESF #6 48 hours 18FEMA PA Inspection Locations ESF #3 7 days 19


Vulnerable Structure Reports ESF #5 12 hours 29Unsafe Areas ESF #5 24 hours 3Secondary Structural Hazards ESF #5 48 hours 5

Weather NOAA/NWS Forecasted Weather ESF #5 12 hours 28NOAA/NWS Forecasted Weather ESF #5 24 hours 7


ESF #5 1 hour 27


ESF #5 1 hour 27


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Housing

The Individual Assistance Program is the government’s connection to the citizens impacted by disaster events. This program provides financial assistance for food, clothing, housing and other personal needs through government funds, voluntary agencies, and low interest loans.

Applicants for the FEMA IA program are required to call FEMA’s toll-free number from any location and provide their personal information in order to receive assistance for their personal losses. This process collects key information including damage address, mailing address, and physical address. This location information enables ESF #6 to identify where the damage occurred and where applicants are currently located. In the days and weeks following the event, many individuals move to formal shelters, move in with family and friends outside of the damaged areas, or move to regions beyond the impacted area. These simple address fields support analyses to determine shelter needs, survivor re-population, and return options for the foreseeable future.

Housing inspections assess structures for habitability and estimate repair/replacement costs. Following a New Madrid scenario event, residential damages are expected to exceed the ability of inspectors to conduct visits to personal properties in a timely manner. Geospatial technology will be used to provide expedited financial assistance based on damage assessment data derived from imagery, models, and ground truth sources. This effort will focus on communities with the greatest impacts to assist in making immediate approval for applicants to receive financial assistance as quickly as possible.

The Emergency Housing programs are vital to the impacted communities. Options are available for long-term housing (1-2 years) in the form of rental assistance, hotel vouchers, shelter environments, and other alternatives. Unlike notice events, many individuals with the financial means to leave will be

Table 5–4: Sample Recovery EEIs by ESF (Continued) 2 of 3



Activity Code

Predictive Modeling USGS Ground Shaking (ShakeMap) ESF #5 1 hour 27HAZMAT Locations ESF #10 24 hours 30USACE Post Earthquake Flood Modeling

ESF #3 48 hours 33

USACE Debris ESF #3 48 hours 35USACE Dam Failure Impacts ESF #3 5 days 33

Damage Assessments IA Applicant Locations ESF #6 24 hours 9SBA Applicant Locations ESF #6 24 hours 18River Transportation Status ESF #1 48 hours 24General Imagery Analysis ESF #5 4 days 38IDP - Structure Damages ESF #5 5 days 39

IDP - Transportation Damages ESF #5 5 days 39

FEMA PDA Team Reports ESF #5 6 days 17

ARC Damage Assessment Team Reports

ESF #6 6 days 15

Debris Removal Status ESF #3 7 days 20

FEMA PA Inspection Locations ESF #3 7 days 19

Imagery Analysis (pre vs. post-event imagery)

ESF #5 30 days 40

Airport Airport Status ESF #1 24 hours 8


Status of Communities Regional Environmental Assessments ESF #10 9 days 22

State/Local Situation Reports ESF #5 6 hours 3




Temporary Housing Status ESF #6 8 days 23

IDP - Post-Event Construction Monitoring

ESF #5 30 days 40

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stranded in the area. Temporary shelters will meet the immediate requirements but cannot support housing beyond 30-60 days.


FEMA’s PA program is activated following the event. FEMA Headquarters plan for PA missions in support of the multiple JFOs within each of the impacted states. As part of the PDA Teams, PA staff are deployed to the field to assess overall impacts, returning with reported data and maps. While these reports may not be geospatial in nature, their location information is analyzed for spatial content to derive their specific location incorporated into the event data holdings.

Communities in areas of highest earthquake intensity are expected to suffer significant losses to their infrastructure. Due to limitations in staff and resources immediately available for inspections, partial repairs will be required for critical public assets. These activities will include: repairing road damages for single lane travel, removing debris to clear single lanes of traffic, repairing levees and other water control structures, and constructing temporary routes around damaged transportation structures such as bridges and overpasses.

Under PA, the Debris mission will be challenging given the broad area of impact, anticipated damages, and loss of functionality to bridges and transportation systems. As sites need to be identified for interim storage and long-term disposal, geospatial analyses provide key information for selecting sites that are suitable for the PA activities. To assist in reducing to volume of debris material requiring removal, incinerators may be permanently sited and constructed.

The PA inspection teams visit project locations and collect detailed attribute information as well as photos of the damages and any temporary repair efforts to assist in the distribution of program funds.

Table 5–4: Sample Recovery EEIs by ESF (Continued) 3 of 3



Activity Code




ESF #1 24 hours 8



ESF #2 12 hours 1




DRC Locations/Status ESF #5 2 days 15


Federal Critical infrastructure Status ESF #5 1 hour 1

State/local Critical infrastructure Status

ESF #5 12 hours 3






ESF #8 24 hours 12

Hospital Status ESF #8 6 days 21


Power Outages ESF #12 12 hours 32


Status of Declarations Declaration Status ESF #5 1 hour 1






National Guard Security Team Status ESF #5 24 hours 11





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The data collected during the inspection process will feed into their databases to support the determination of eligibility and expense breakdowns. In addition, this information provides a source of ground-truth information useful in identifying the impacted areas, making general assessments by community, and satisfying the overwhelming requirements for information. As the PA program supports publicly owned facilities, the inspection data is not bound by the Privacy act and is useful to the public for many secondary purposes such as status monitoring and community recovery applications.

5.2.2.3 Mitigation Mission

The aftermath of a damaging or catastrophic earthquake provides a window of opportunity for the implementation of mitigation measures that target essential facilities (police, fire, hospitals, shelters), businesses, residences, and lifelines (transportation and utilities). Mitigation measures - including the adoption of seismic provisions in building codes, seismic retrofits of buildings, and non-structural mitigation measures (e.g., fastening water heaters) – can improve the performance of buildings and contents in the next major event.

Post-earthquake investigations are coordinated through the National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program (NEHRP), under the direction of the National Institute of Science and Technology (NIST) and FEMA. These programs focus on building and lifeline performance in damaging earthquakes, and utilize the findings to improve risk reduction practices. This analysis is also incorporated into Long-Term Community Recovery initiatives.

Residential building safety inspections are a critical post-earthquake function. Tens of thousands of residential structures will need to be evaluated to determine structural safety for re-habitation. Efficient building safety assessments will increase the supply of safe structures and reduce demand for housing

assistance under the IA Program. FEMA’s Rapid Observation of Vulnerability and Estimation of Risk (ROVER) is an open source software application developed for the Earthquake Program that provides FEMA and other users with a database of structure that are vulnerable to earthquakes. ROVER can be used to prioritize and carry out post-event building safety evaluations, and facilitate the sharing of data in the field. This tool supplements and complements other building safety initiatives.

Information supporting the Mitigation Mission is categorized by ESF in Table 5–5.

Long-term Vulnerability Reduction

Following the core response and recovery activities, mitigation programs will look to reduce the regions vulnerabilities in future earthquake events. This effort will utilize geospatial information collected before, during, and after the event. Analysis will examine the communities, infrastructure, key resources, and

Figure 5–8: Geospatial Timeline – Recovery

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lifelines within the region and look to define specific vulnerabilities and measures to reduce future physical and economic losses.

Spatial data and visualization will be critical in developing an understanding of the areas of interest and their interdependencies. Analytical tools will assist in modeling the long-term impacts of mitigation activities and project their benefits over time. Ultimately, plans will be developed by state or community to assist in achieving a measurable decrease in long-term vulnerability across the region.

Threat and Hazard Identification

Following the New Madrid earthquake, FEMA Mitigation would begin working with USGS and other earth-science entities to determine any related threats and hazards in the near-future. These would include potential aftershocks and the impacts on other fault structures within the region with the potential to generate additional earthquake events.

Due to the enormous geographic area impacted by this event, LIDAR and other forms of imagery would be critical in identifying and physical changes to the earth such as uplifts, offsets, and subsidence. The collection missions would require coordination with federal and state responders and may need to be scheduled on regular intervals to monitor change over time. As specific areas of interest are identified, ground-based sensor systems could be installed to provide more detailed and immediate monitoring of the earth’s surface.

Another significant issue in the region would be the many rivers, lakes, and watercourses. The New Madrid event would cause rivers to drastically change courses, potentially re-routing through the built environment. The same elevation data collected in support of ground monitoring would allow for the initial development of new maps for the water features. This data would then be improved with detailed surveys. The potential for all river-based

shipping to be disrupted is high due to collapsed bridges, river banks, and structures in addition to the changes in the rivers physical locations. The data derived from these efforts would be the first step in re-opening the rivers to shipping.

5.2.2.4 Prevention Mission

The Prevention mission is focused on capabilities to avoid and prevent acts of terrorism and has no direct role in this scenario.

5.2.2.5 Protection Mission

Protection mission activities address the capabilities to safeguard the citizens, residents, visitors, and critical assets, systems, and networks against all risks. While many of the capabilities are focused at terrorism-related efforts, natural events are supported as well. In this scenario, the overall impact to “normalcy” within the region will fracture the general safety and security measures expected to be available within our boarders.

Access Control and Identity Verification

Access control during this event would be required to protect citizens, relief workers, and critical assets. With the large area impacted, the resources required to support this capability would likely be brought in from areas outside the impacted area. Local law enforcement would be overwhelmed and additional security staff would be needed to prevent looting and general mayhem in within the communities. Residential areas may require basic government identification to gain access. The lack of available fuel sources would minimize civilian vehicle traffic in the weeks following the event while damaged and blocked roadways would further minimize driving options.

Relief workers would include government staff, contractors, and volunteers. Due to the magnitude of

Best Practices - Modeling Socio-Economic VulnerabilityThe demographic characteristics of certain populations make them more vulnerable to the impacts of disasters than others. It is widely recognized that jurisdictions with high concentrations of households in poverty face significant challenges in short term response and long term recovery. In a study of the social impacts of a catastrophic earthquake in the New Madrid Seismic Zone (Mid America Earthquake Center, August, 2009), several indicators of socio-economic vulnerability are identified:

• Income level (including percentage of population in poverty)

• Command of the English language• Age (percentage of population over 65 and under 5

years of age)• Disabilities (and other special needs)• Prisoners• Medical needs

A series of maps have been produced by FEMA visualizing the distribution of vulnerable populations in the “high impact” counties of the New Madrid Seismic Zone. These maps can be overlayed with data outputs from ShakeMap to quickly identify counties with high shaking intensity and high concentrations of vulnerable populations resulting from a major NMSZ earthquake. This information can be used to more effectively deploy assets immediately following the event.

Exposure analysis is a series of informed assumptions on the location, nature and scope of damages and social losses. It serves as initial input for the development of the Common Operating Picture. Exposure analysis for a New Madrid earthquake combines: 1) data and knowledge of building practices and building inventory in areas with the highest intensity of earthquake shaking; 2) knowledge of how buildings and lifelines perform at various levels of ground shaking; and 3) knowledge of population at risk, including their vulnerabilities and “coping capabilities”.

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damage and the large geography impacted, access control will be difficult in the early days and weeks following the event. As relief efforts progress, it would be expected that areas around key resources, infrastructure, and communities may require specific credentials to access. Efforts would be made to ensure that access restrictions would not delay relief efforts in any way.

Key facilities would include specific infrastructure assets as well as the many temporary offices activated to lead relief efforts. On-site security for these facilities would require specific credentials and be closed to the general public. Security staff would be a combination of federal, local, and contracted employees to ensure the safety and security of the staff and facilities.

Geospatial support would include displaying protected facilities, assessing area security threats, maintaining boundaries of closed areas, and the identification of the entities responsible for undertaking the security measures. Coordination efforts around this information would be significant, as there would be many entities involved in the partnerships.

Physical Protective Measures

Following this event, many Critical Infrastructure assets would become vulnerable to multiple outward threats. As security systems fail and infrastructure is damaged, opportunities arise for unauthorized access and associated issues. The Critical infrastructure portion of the response efforts would utilize imagery sources and inspection teams to identify specific vulnerabilities and ensure that they are secured as soon as able. While this responsibility falls onto the owners/operators, trumpery and long-term support would be required in many cases to ensure that the citizens and relief workers are protected against any threats.

Supply Chain Integrity and Security

Following this event supply chain integrity would be fractured and security would be an issue. The combined efforts of the government, private-sector, and volunteer agencies would require assistance and oversight to ensure that commodities are distributed across the region in an organized strategy. Initial requirements would be filled by government and military resources, with warehousing facilities residing on military bases and other government facilities. As the event progresses, commodities would be staged at commercial facilities and distributed through various means. Government-based resources would be tracked using GPS technologies to monitor locations and estimate arrival times. Private shipments may or may require text-

based or other reporting mechanisms to allow them to be managed in tandem.

Security measures would be in place to ensure that shipments are accomplished without interruption. As citizens become desperate, opportunities arise for commodity interception and re-routing. Physical facilities involved in the temporary supply chain will require security as well to ensure the safety of staff and the protection of stored resources.

5.2.3 Situational Awareness

Damage assessments provide a vital flow of information to the response community. In an event of this magnitude, communications technologies would be greatly impacted, limiting the ability of

Table 5–5: Sample Mitigation EEIs by ESF




Activity Code



Bridge & Tunnel Damage Estimates

ESF #5 12 hours 29




ESF #5 1 hour 27

Socio-Economic Impacts

Estimated Monetary Losses ESF #5 12 hours 29

Estimated Residential Damage ESF #5 12 hours 29



Secondary Structural Hazards ESF #5 48 hours 5

Predictive Modeling HAZUS Outputs (General) ESF #5 6 hours 29

FEMA Post-Event Flood Modeling ESF #5 4 days 36

Economic Impact Modeling (HAZUS)

ESF #5 24 hours 37

Damage Assessments FEMA MAT Reports ESF #5 15 days 25

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communities and citizens to request assistance or report on their status. Through the use of imagery, models, and ground truth data, the scale of the event and overall impact will be initially estimated and later validated. (see Table 5–6)

The data collected and compiled through Damage Assessment activities defines the locations and levels of magnitude of event-related impacts. The combination of imagery resources, models, and ground truth data provide rapid estimates and quantitative field observations to assist in making critical decisions in the early phases of the disaster response operation. In the New Madrid scenario, the multi-state area of impact will require a large volume of staff and an unusually long duration of inspections. In addition, the potential for aftershocks could complicate damage assessment missions as re-inspections will be required in response to aftershock events.

Imagery & Derived Products

Many challenges exist when supporting the imagery requirements for an event of this magnitude. Satellite-based imagery resources will be unaffected by the event however their ability to download data within the United States will be limited within the impacted area. This data will suffer minor delays in reaching the stakeholders at the field level due to basic connectivity issues such as: locally damaged infrastructure, operating in temporary facilities, and intermittent power outages.

Airborne resources will initially be delayed as the majority of aircraft required for these missions will be sent from outside the impacted area. Complications with aircraft-based sensors will include access to fuel, smoke and other airborne hazards, and ultimately the enormity of data collection required across the area.

While this section is focused on imagery, specific sensor and vendor information has not been included

Table 5–6: Sample Situational Awareness EEIs by ESF



Activity Code



ESF #5 1 hour 26


Major Oil/HAZMAT Release ESF #10 12 hours 30Summary of Impacts ESF #5 24 hours 1Imagery Derived Boundaries ESF #5 24 hours 38Energy Infrastructure Failures ESF #12 24 hours 32USACE Dam Failure Inundation (Modeled)

ESF #3 5 days 33




ESF #5 12 hours 29




Bridge & Tunnel Damage - Reported

ESF #1 48 hours 1





ESF #5 1 hour 27










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as similar sensors are available through multiple sources and technology is quickly evolving.

Satellite Imagery

Under the International Charter, all participating satellite platforms will be available to the United States government through FEMA as the coordinator. These resources satisfy high-level requirements for general damage assessment, including ground deformation, power outages, fires, and other key themes of information through provision of base imagery in several formats.

As impacted areas are defined in a general classification, higher resolution data is collected to further assess earthquake damage. The FEMA NRCC Remote Sensing Coordinator collects information on locations that require/request assessments and assist in the triage to determine mission tasking and the balancing of available resources. This effort will require the tasking of satellite resources to move from large, course coverage areas to tighter and higher resolution imagery collections thus removing these assets from the broader collection mission.

The Response Mission will require high resolution and spatially accurate data products to support their emergency activities. In the absence of field reports, ingress routes to target locations can be determined with proper imagery data and analysis. In addition, the areas around these targets will be visible and support mission planning for landing zones, base camp selections, and other geographies requiring Search and Rescue teams.

At 3-5 days into the response operations, imagery dissemination will be problematic. The broad area of impact will generate proportional data volumes of available imagery to supply the multitude of waiting customers. With network communications hindered across the region, other options will be pursued for sharing both imagery and derived products across the response community.

Table 5–6: Sample Situational Awareness EEIs by ESF (Continued)



Activity Code



ESF #5 1 hour 26



ESF #3 5 days 33




ESF #5 12 hours 29





ESF #1 48 hours 1





ESF #5 1 hour 27










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Airborne Imagery

Aircraft will serve as the second wave of imagery sources and provide the high-resolution products required for assessments of individual structures and systems. The airborne mission will have a slow start-up, as resources are deployed from outside the impacted area. With FEMA coordinating Remote Sensing activities it is imperative that ESF-based functions are engaged with the NRCC to identify their requirements and report their geospatial activities. For entities operating under their own authorities, airborne missions will be directed and funded by the responsible parties.

Life-saving missions will benefit greatly from the increased resolution and coverage these platforms provide. In addition to color imagery, aircraft can also provide the following:• LIDAR - to assist in determining elevation

changes that impact ingress and structures • IR (thermal) - sensors identify fires and ground-

based hazardous releases. • Oblique – providing a side view allowing

for determinations of structure damage and habitability

• Full Motion Video – feed EOCs with real-time video of impacted areas

In addition to the urgent need to assist in recovery, public safety and force protection will require high levels of data collection in strategic areas to maintain law and order in the region. Oblique imagery further supports these efforts as it provides the ability to view the sides of buildings to further assess individual structures, and determine locations suitable for rebuilding the law enforcement communities across the region.

Unmanned Aerial Vehicles also have a significant role in the NMSZ event as imaging resources will be required in many areas across the geography.



Activity Code



ESF #5 1 hour 26



ESF #3 5 days 33




ESF #5 12 hours 29





ESF #1 48 hours 1





ESF #5 1 hour 27










Table 5–6: Sample Situational Awareness EEIs by ESF (Continued) 3 of 5

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UAVs are provided by both government and private companies to assist in the damage assessment imagery mission. To mitigate legal concerns with the use of these aircraft, event-specific policies and guidance must be required before these resources can be fully utilized.

Mission Overlap

In some situations, satellite imagery and aircraft imagery are competing resources in the form of multiple platforms with similar instrumentation. With an event of this magnitude, a strategy will be developed to make best use of the available assets and ensure that efforts are not duplicated. Satellite solutions will provide the early sources of imagery followed by airborne systems as the requirements transition from regional to local views.

Close coordination will be required between FEMA and the multitude of Federal, State, and local partners. Efforts will be made to ensure that there are multiple uses for all imagery collected and that these data will be available to everyone with requirements to access it.

Exploitation

Imagery alone cannot be the single data source for situational awareness, as in most cases it only provides background information. The greatest return on imagery investment is on derived imagery. IDPs expand on basic imagery by including simple attributes (i.e. destroyed, flooded, fire) as well as more detailed information (i.e. degree of damage, damage type, estimated water depth). These IDPs are developed based on customer requirements and vary greatly across the stakeholder community. In many cases, IDP requirements can be combined into a single analytical request and provided to several customers.

As the executive agent for RS Coordination, FEMA has a role in coordinating the IDPs as well.



Activity Code


ESF #5 1 hour 27


ESF #5 1 hour 27


Predictive Modeling USGS Ground Shaking (ShakeMap)

ESF #5 1 hour 27

HAZUS Outputs (General) ESF #5 6 hours 29

HAZMAT Locations ESF #10 24 hours 30

USACE Post Earthquake Flood Modeling

ESF #3 48 hours 33

USACE Debris ESF #3 48 hours 35

IMAAC ESF #5 48 hours 34

USACE Dam Failure Impacts ESF #3 5 days 33

Damage Assessments FEMA RNA Team Reports ESF #5 24 hours 4

IA Applicant Locations ESF #6 24 hours 9

SBA Applicant Locations ESF #6 24 hours 18

River Transportation Status ESF #1 48 hours 24

General Imagery Analysis ESF #5 4 days 38

IDP - Structure Damages ESF #5 5 days 39

IDP - Transportation Damages ESF #5 5 days 39


ARC Damage Assessment Team Reports

ESF #6 6 days 15

Airport Modeled Airport Impact ESF #1 12 hours 29

Airport Status ESF #1 24 hours 8



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With every specific data collection requirement, IDP development must be part of the deliverable regardless of the source. As IDP data will be utilized in briefings, map products, and web viewers across the country, it is imperative that information does not conflict and that sources are properly and easily defined.

Dissemination

The dissemination of imagery for the New Madrid event will be difficult as the data volumes generated over the impacted area will quickly exceed the capabilities of existing systems to provide storage and delivery. As the authoritative agent for data compilation and dissemination of imagery-based data, the USGS EROS Data Center will be the Federal hub of post-event data. In addition, the providers (government or commercial) can be expected to serve data to the stakeholders as allowed by data licenses. Third-party distribution options will be provided through various public and private internet-based spatial environments.

The sharing of vector data sets will be closely coordinated as IDPs are easily transmitted across the community and must have adequate metadata to ensure they are used correctly and kept current. As multiple sources compile similar data for different geographies these localized data will be rolled-up by theme to support big-picture views and seamless coverage for coordination efforts at all levels.

Models

The modeling communities begin work immediately following the New Madrid event and provide updates as improved information is available and/or following aftershocks in the region. These applications play an important role in the first 12 to 24 hours following a major or catastrophic earthquake, when detailed and accurate damage assessments are unavailable. Subject Matter Experts (SMEs) in the model methodologies and outputs play a critical role in interpreting the data




Activity Code

Status of Communities State/Local Situation Reports ESF #5 6 hours 3







ESF #1 24 hours 8



ESF #2 12 hours 1





Federal Critical infrastructure Status

ESF #5 1 hour 1

State/local Critical infrastructure Status

ESF #5 12 hours 3






Power Outages ESF #12 12 hours 32


Status of Personnel FEMA IMAT Deployment ESF #5 1 hour 5










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and identifying proper use of the analyses to support damage assessment and life-saving activities.

HAZUS, PAGER, ShakeCast, ShakeMap and other impact assessment applications will provide analyses immediately following the event. The outputs of these geospatial models provide initial parameters of the areas of impact and estimated damage. These are used in conjunction with field assessments to delineate the area of operations, and the nature and scope of damage. Other modeling activities will include:• The USACE will begin to assess the region for

debris-related requirements as well as water and ice missions

• The Earth Science communities will arrive to assess geologic phenomenon to ground-truth their models

• IMAAC will perform assessments on airborne hazards following the event and provide authoritative information on them

Each of these models provides an output product consisting of combinations of reports, maps, and geospatial data. These geospatial based products are vital in sharing the results with the stakeholder community. Users require complete metadata to ensure proper use of the data and to ensure that updates are acquired and presented to their customers.

The modeling communities produce many similar products, which may be applicable to more than one mission. The geospatial products will have subtle differences, and interpretations of results should be supported by subject matter experts, including authoritative sources for the subject domain.

Field Data Collection

Imagery and models provide key data for early operations, and can be used in conjunction with field information to provide improved situational

Best Practices - USGS Earthquake Products & Situational AwarenessSituational awareness is the continual process of collecting, analyzing, and disseminating information and knowledge on hazards and their impacts. Following a disaster event, authoritative geospatial information and products will flow from multiple sources as they become available. Authoritative modeled data for earthquakes is available almost immediately from the USGS and assists with key decision making immediately following a catastrophic event, before field data can be collected.

The USGS National Earthquake Information Center (NEIC) located in Boulder, Colorado maintains a suite of tools that contribute significantly to earthquake situational awareness. These products provide near real-time information on the location, magnitude, and intensity of earthquakes around the globe. Within the US, USGS earthquake notification and impact assessment tools and products include:• USGSEarthquakeNotificationService

(ENS) – ENS provides real time text information to any email address providing the location and magnitude of an earthquake. The messages contain the basic information to plot the epicenter location and initiate model runs within HAZUS and other applications.

• USGS ShakeMap – ShakeMap portrays earthquake extent and distribution of intensity across the earth’s surface within an hour of the earthquake event. ShakeMap generates color-coded maps of the spatial variations of shaking intensity, indicating areas with areas with the strongest shaking in simple visual patterns. When used as the scenario input with HAZUS, the model performs analysis against inventory data on population, essential facilities, transportation and utility lifelines, and general building stock to rapidly assess impacts on the population and built inventory exposed to earthquake shaking intensity.

• USGS Prompt Assessment of Global Earthquakes for Response (PAGER) - PAGER

uses ShakeMap results as the primary shaking input and incorporates these analyses with comprehensive population data to compute the population exposed to each shaking intensity. The next version of PAGER uses simplified loss modeling approaches to quantify estimated casualties and economic losses.

• USGS Shake Map Broadcast (ShakeCAST) –ShakeCAST is an automated system for retrieving specific ShakeMap products and analyzing the shake intensity against a user’s inventory of structures to assess potential impacts. This information can be used for setting inspection priorities for post-event activities and reporting on potential losses.

These products provide valuable information in the critical hours immediately following the earthquake. As a suite of data solutions, these applications support the core information requirements for situational awareness following an earthquake event.

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awareness, complementing on-ground damage assessments and field data collection. Data from the field is critical to supporting multiple Federal and State life-saving, damage assessment and Recovery Missions. The inclusion of field data also lends credibility to imagery derived and modeled data feeds. Field data collection activities will include:• Incident Management Assistance Teams

(IMAT) – Federal interagency team• Rapid Needs Assessment (RNA) – Federal and

state interagency team• PA Inspection Teams – Federal and state

interagency team• American Red Cross Inspection Teams – Paid

and volunteer staff• IA PDA Teams – Federal and state interagency

team

These and other field data sources provide additional perspectives into the reality of the field. While most of the data collected is done to support specific operational authorities, the data can be easily repurposed in support of the Damage Assessment mission.

Frequently, inspection teams for different programs travel independently creating a level of duplication in data collected and creating low-level confusion amongst the home and property owners who must provide access to multiple groups at different dates/times. These data can be quickly linked and compiled to determine key trends in impact and/or losses.

5.3 The Lucas Oil Stadium Terror ScenarioThis section of the GeoCONOPS explores the details of applying geospatial technologies in support of anticipated incident-related efforts following a no-notice terrorist attack at Lucas Oil Stadium in Indianapolis, Indiana. The scenario was developed by DHS and modified slightly by the GeoCONOPS team

for contingency planning efforts to assist in defining the government’s response to a terrorist type event.

Geospatial Analysis methods were used to estimate losses in the affected area. For the purposes of this scenario, an unknown terrorist group employed a multi-prong attack with the primary goal to move personnel into predetermined locations, where the use of vehicle bombs, suicide bombers, and improvised explosive devices (IEDs) could be used to inflict casualties and create general terror within the populace.

The GeoCONOPS references this scenario to outline the anticipated geospatial activities that would occur as a result of this attack. Documenting the timing for application of geospatial tools provides an understanding of activities resulting from this no-notice event. Geospatial technologies can be applied to similar efforts following an actual terrorist or other man-made catastrophic event or support terrorism exercises.

Scenario Timeline• (D – 1 hr) During an event, three suicide bombers

are strategically pre-positioned inside the stadium with IEDs on their bodies.

• (D+1-3 min) The first suicide bomber detonates his IED followed by the other two within a 3 min time frame. Occupants of the stadium not immediately affected by the blasts, attempt to evacuate resulting in further casualties.

• (D+4 min) Occupants evacuating the stadium move toward one of several general locations outside the stadium. A portion of the occupants will remain in the immediate area, clogging ingress for emergency responders.

- Some will head toward public transportation. - Others will head toward parking lots to

retrieve their vehicles and depart the area. - Occupants will be in various states of

physical and mental condition ranging from incapacitated to fully mobile with mental states to include shock and panic.

Attack Timeline Estimated Casualties Cumulative CasualtiesVest IED 1 <50 50Vest IED 2 <50 100Vest IED 3 <50 150LVB Stadium Entrance <150 300Public Transit IED <75 375Parking Facility IED <50 425Emergency Room IED <50 475

Radius Surrounding Attach (Miles) Population Increments0.1 8000.25 6,0000.5 22,000

Table 5–7: Estimates of Causalities - Terror Scenario

Table 5–8: Estimate of “At Risk” and Shelter Seeking Population - Terror Scenario

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• (D+15 min) Second Attack, the main thrust of the attack is the second one at the evacuation points.

- Main evacuee collection area (a main street outside the stadium), a Large Vehicle Bomb (LVB) disguised as an emergency service vehicle is detonated.

- Blast dispersal and damage causes additional casualties / injuries, plus further panic.

• (D+17 min) A few minutes after the detonation of the LVB, a second set of devices are detonated at a public transportation gathering.

• (D+20 min) Third attack, another vehicle bomb is detonated in a parking facility near the stadium.

• (D+30 min) Fourth attack, disguised as an emergency vehicle, is detonated in front of the emergency room entrance of Indiana University Hospital.

- Blast dispersal and damage causes additional casualties and injuries.

- Incoming emergency vehicles to all local hospitals must now be searched for explosives, thus slowing down getting the injured to a medical facility.

5.3.1 Modeled Blast Impact

Modeling and analysis efforts provide an initial perspective into the scope of damage in the wake of the series of explosions, including social impacts (casualties, shelter requirements, displaced

households, etc.), damage to buildings and essential facilities, and damage and loss of functionality to transportation and utility lifelines. As the event unfolds, modeled information provides the basis for determining potential impacts. This information is then replaced and validated as Response and

Figure 5–9: Three Initial IED Explosions within Stadium

Figure 5–11: Public Transit IED Explosion at Indianapolis Amtrak

Figure 5–10: Large Vehicle Bomb (LVB) Explosion at Entrance

Figure 5–12: IED Explosion in Public Parking Lot Figure 5–13: IED Explosion outside of Indiana University Hospital ER

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Recovery efforts collect on-scene information supporting their operations.

Casualties

The use of various IEDs spread to several locations and detonated at staggered intervals causes just under 500 casualties and injuries in a stadium containing up to 70,000 people. Within the stadium the three explosions cause fatalities and many minor injuries. The public confusion and panic contribute additional injuries and possibly fatalities as efforts are made to escape the scene. The largest detonation at the gathering point outside the stadium causes the greatest number of causalities. The explosion at the hospital, while causing fewer casualties, forces the injured to travel or be transported to hospitals locations, further delaying urgent medical care and generating additional fear and confusion across the public. Causalities are further defined in Table 5–7.

Displaced Populations

The event is isolated from residential areas, therefore causing minimal displacement of the population. If a device contained a radiological or chemical component, it would have caused the evacuation of affected apartment buildings and businesses in the downtown area. Business operations in the immediate area are directly impacted as their customers, suppliers, and employees will not be able to access the area immediately following the event and may not return for some time.

Economic impacts of the attacks will have longer-term repercussions in terms of business relocation, loss of tax revenue, fall in property values, a drop in tourism and its impact on the retail, hotel and leisure industries. Business and consumer confidence is adversely affected.

Evacuation / Shelter Requirements

Shelter requirements are limited due to the nature of the event. Nearby buildings directly affected by the blast will be evacuated to ensure the integrity of the structures before citizens can return to their homes and workplaces. Shelter requirements in the immediate area are minimal and several off-site facilities are activated to accommodate what are expected to be low requirements. In a case of suspected radiological or chemical release, residents would be instructed to Shelter In-Place, sealing a single area (an example being a room) from outside contaminants and shutting off all HVAC systems. These actions requests would be delivered to the

affected population by the local authorities through the media, direct calls, and emergency notification systems. Table 5–8 identifies estimates to assist in making shelter decisions.

Structure Damage

The explosions cause structural damage to the stadium and several buildings adjacent to the IEDs compromising their structural integrity. The larger explosion at the outside gathering area causes massive window damage in the immediate area. At the parking facility, vehicles and citizens are directly impacted with flying debris. The explosion at the hospital destroys the emergency reception area,

Figure 5–14: Vehicle Restriction and Secure Perimeter including Checkpoints

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collapsing the covered entryway and disabling the emergency room functionality.

Efforts to model damages will be driven by early efforts to model the individual explosions. These products would be distributed to Law Enforcement and Emergency Response Personnel as soon as possible and serve as a foundation for additional geospatial products that will be required in the future. Accurate blast modeling will show responders the potential extent of damaged areas from a bird’s eye view, letting them see the whole picture. Figure 5–9 through Figure 5–13 represent the blast impacts.

Essential Facilities (Critical Infrastructure)

The assessment of Essential Facilities would happen immediately following the event. Analysis of the blast impacts and various infrastructure systems and key facilities would be completed and distributed to federal, state, and local responders. In this situation there is minimal impact to infrastructure outside of the direct damages to the targeted buildings. All other systems are only impacted by intermittent power issues in the first couple days, proving to be of minimal impact.

Transportation System Damage

Immediate damage to the road-bed outside the stadium creates an impassible obstacle causing traffic to re-route. The Amtrak station damage stops rail transportation in the area as the tracks are blocked with debris and potentially damaged as well. Idle City buses are immediately dispatched to the scene in effort to evacuate citizens to transportation centers and shelter locations.

The local transportation routes are severely affected by the series of explosions. With blast debris and a rush of citizens fleeing on foot, the initial aftermath would cripple the ingress and egress routes as local law enforcement and medical support respond while

Table 5–9: Sample Response Mission EEIs by ESF


SourceEstimated Availibility

Damage Assessment IMAAC ESF #5 1 HourForensic Analysis ESF #5 12 HoursGIS Blast Modeling ESF #5 6 HoursGeneral Imagery Analysis ESF #5 4 DaysIDP - Structure Damages ESF #5 5 DaysIDP - Transportation Damages ESF #5 5 DaysARC Damage Assessment Team Reports ESF #6 6 DaysRemote Sensing Aerial Coverage ESF #5 1 Hour


Federal EOC Status ESF #5 1 HourJFO/GIU Locations ESF #5 2 Hours

Status of Critical Infrastructure Federal Critical Infrastructure Status ESF #5 4 HoursState/local Critical Infrastructure Status ESF #5 4 Hours

Status of State / Local EOCS State/local EOC Status ESF #5 2 HoursStatus of Emergency Systems Estimated Hospital Functionality ESF #5 4 Hours


ESF #8 1 Hour

Hospital Status ESF #8 2 HoursAccess to Disaster Area High Impact Urban Areas ESF #3 1 Hour

Road Closure Estimates ESF #5 1 HourBridge & Overpass Damage Estimates ESF #5 2 HoursDebris Estimates ESF #5 1 HourRoad Closures ESF #1 2 HoursIsolated Victims ESF #5 2 HoursDebris Removal Status ESF #3 12 Hours

Weather NOAA/NWS Forecasted Weather ESF #5 12 HoursNOAA/NWS Forecasted Weather ESF #9 24 Hours

Jurisdictional Boundaries Communities Impacted ESF #5 1 HourImpacted Communities (Reported) ESF #5 24 Hours

Status of Communications Land-Line, Cellular, and Internet access status Updates

ESF #2 12 Hours

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at the same time maintaining concern that other IEDs could be in other vehicles. The mass rush of people vacating the area by car will cause gridlock across a large area, lasting for several hours. Further complications arise as citizens abandon their vehicles in effort to get to safety. This combined chaos inhibits access by first responders and injured citizens, leading to additional deaths.

Water and Power Outages

The blast causes loss of power in the immediate area due to damage to in-ground infrastructure, overhead electrical lines, and transformers. Water systems are not impacted outside of leakage in the immediate vicinity of the Stadium and Amtrak station. The greater area is largely unaffected as the power and water systems are redundant in nature. The localized blast at the university medical facility causes their back-up generators to kick-in to maintain critical support functions until patients can be moved to other facilities. Structures in the area of the stadium may experience temporary loss of power in the days immediately following the event.

Public Health

With the hospital’s emergency department severely damaged, it cannot accept any additional patients, forcing ambulance traffic and self-transports to divert to other facilities. Patients are being redirected to other area hospitals that are reporting lack of beds and staff available to provide care. Minor medical support continues to arrive on-site and at the shelter locations. Any significant injuries are sent to area hospitals. Map products are provided at these facilities and hospital intake is coordinated with the on-site staff in effort to stream-line patient intake and confidence.

Site Security

One of the first priorities following the attacks on the Lucas Oil Stadium will be the need to create security

Table 5–9: Sample Response Mission EEIs by ESF (Continued)



Demographics Impacted Population Estimates ESF #5 1 HourStatus of Communities State/Local Situation Reports ESF #5 6 Hours

Current Shelter Requirements ESF #6 6 HoursRegional Environmental Assessments ESF #10 9 DaysState/Local Situation Reports ESF #5 6 HoursTemporary Housing Status ESF #6 4 DaysIDP - Post-Event Construction Monitoring

ESF #5 15 Days

Distribution Site Location/Status ESF #6 3 DaysStatus of Transportation Evacuation Routes ESF #1 12 Hours


ESF #1 24 Hours

Status of Medical Services Estimated Hospital Functionality ESF #5 4 HoursDisaster Medical Team Deployment Status

ESF #8 24 Hours

Hospital Status ESF #8 6 DaysStatus of Energy Systems Power Outages ESF #12 12 Hours

Damage to Power Infrastructure ESF #12 24 HoursStatus of Personnel FEMA IMAT Deployment ESF #5 1 HourStatus of Remote Sensing Operations

Remote Sensing Status ESF #5 12 Hours

Voluntary Agency Activities Shelter Status ESF #6 48 HoursPublic Safety Alert Notifications (reported) ESF #5 12 Hours

National Guard Security Team Status ESF #5 24 HoursHigh Hazard/Unsafe Areas ESF #5 36 Hours


Public Safety Notices ESF #8 12 Hours

Public Safety Notices ESF #8 12 Hours

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perimeters surrounding the damaged areas. The need for comprehensive and timely GIS products will play a critical role in the construction of these perimeters. Law Enforcement and Emergency Response personnel need to understand the entire situation so that construction of the various perimeters can be completed in a timely and efficient manner. Below is an example of a Security Perimeter graphic that would be created immediately following the attacks and distributed to the proper authorities for implementation. Figure 5–14 displays a Site Security map.

Scenario Summary

Although the blast impacts will be confined to a relatively small area, the consequences for the exposed population will be significant. • Economic losses will be in the millions of dollars.• There is localized damage to utility infrastructure.• Transportation corridors are heavily congested

and in some cases blocked due to citizens leaving the area and police checkpoints.

• Damage to some of the essential facilities will limit the response capabilities of fire, medical, law enforcement and emergency management in the area most impacted.

• Fear of similar attacks sparks spontaneous and unprovoked evacuations of a few large office buildings, schools and a shopping mall.

• Direct damage to the buildings in the immediate vicinity will generate significant urban search and rescue team requirements.

• Requirement for temporary shelters after the event due to lack of utility services.

5.3.2 PPD-8 Mission Area Support

Geospatial activities are dispersed throughout all of the major PPD-8 Mission areas: Prevention, Protection, Mitigation, Response, and Recovery.

These five mission areas serve as an aid in organizing our national preparedness activities in support of this terrorist scenario, and do not constrain or limit integration across mission areas and core capabilities. Within these five mission areas, core capabilities are outlined that may have geospatial support requirements.

5.3.2.1 Response

Response includes those capabilities necessary to save lives, protect property and the environment, and meet basic human needs after the terrorist event has occurred. For the purpose of the GeoCONOPS, the geospatial support required for a terrorist event will be a scaled response defined by the magnitude of the attack. Response includes support to Critical Transportation, Environmental Response/Health and Safety, Fatality Management Services, Infrastructure Systems, Mass Care Services, Mass Search and Rescue Operations, On-scene Security and Protection, Operational Communications, Public and Private Services and Resources, Public Health and Medical Services and Situational Assessment. Specific data available through the Response Mission is identified in Table 5–9.

Critical Transportation

The attack around Lucas Stadium affected several of the transportation routes. These routes are used not only by the first responders but for the evacuation and delivery of additional response personnel, equipment, and services into the area. Geospatial support will assist in determining the affected routes and defining formal ingress and egress paths. Data developed would be shared through the City EOC and FEMA in effort to ensure access by local responders and the community to safeguard personnel and provide information on the condition of roadways, bridges, formal access points, and temporary restrictions (such as lane closure) to safely and accurately route vehicles.

Environmental Response/Health and Safety

The health and safety of the public is of prime concern. In the aftermath of the attack, the government needs to ensure the availability of guidance and resources to address all hazards including hazardous materials, such as the potential release of the chemical substance. Geospatial support to this effort will include the mapping of the detonations to ensure awareness of potential danger



Hazard-Specific Information Vulnerable Structure Reports ESF #5 12 HoursActive Fires ESF #4 24 HoursUnsafe Areas ESF #5 24 HoursSecondary Structural Hazards ESF #5 48 HoursVulnerable Structures (modeled) ESF #3 3 Days

Airport Status Airport Status ESF #1 24 HoursFEMA PDA Team Reports ESF #5 24 Hours

Table 5–9: Sample Response Mission EEIs by ESF (Continued) 3 of 3

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zones, dust fall-out, and other environmental hazards for the citizens and responders. Subjects such as air quality, hazardous airborne building materials, and potential chemicals would be monitored and mapped on regular intervals.

Fatality Management Services

Early models will project fatality estimates and on-scene body recovery activity will begin immediately. Data collection for each individual will include recovery location, injury descriptions, and victim identification. Human remains may be processed in a secure mortuary facility. The related information collected may be immediately elevated to a classified state as efforts to support evidence collection and other analysis will be performed.

In a terrorist event with causalities, the magnitude of the attack will dictate the size and scope of the required mortuary services. The mortuary mission lies in the hands of the local government with assistance provided through FEMA. Disaster Mortuary Operational Response Team (DMORT) operations begin in 24-36 hours to assist with the remains of non survivors. This mission requires the creation and maintenance of a business process and supporting database to collect, maintain and retrieve information on the names of the deceased and the location of the recovery.


The terrorist attacks outlined at Lucas Stadium and the other locations will have minimal effect on critical infrastructure. Initial spatial analysis would be completed through interactions with Federal, State, and local subject matter experts. In this scenario, analysis shows minimal impact to any major infrastructure assets. Geospatial support plays a vital role in identifying all of the critical infrastructure in the area. Pre-existing map and data products are accessible at multiple venues and any direct impacts would be identified and shared with

Best Practices - Interagency Modeling and Atmospheric Assessment CenterThe IMAAC provides a single point for the coordination and dissemination of Federal dispersion modeling and hazard prediction products that represent the Federal position during actual or potential incidents involving hazardous atmospheric releases. Through plume modeling analysis, the IMAAC provides emergency responders and decision makers with predictions of hazards associated with atmospheric releases to aid in protecting the public and the environment.

Led by Department of Homeland Security (DHS), the IMAAC is a partnership among eight Federal agencies, each with supporting capabilities and/or responsibilities for plume modeling. These agencies include: DHS, Department of Energy, Department of Defense, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Environmental Protection Agency, Nuclear Regulatory Commission, and the Department of Health and Human Services.

The IMAAC utilizes a variety of databases, to include geospatial, meteorological, and demographic, for data input to model calculations and produce assessment products. The IMAAC products provide actionable information to inform emergency response decisions. These products show the hazard areas, affected populations, potential casualties and/or fatalities, damage estimates, and health effect, public protective action and worker protection levels. The IMAAC also provides support for exercises. The IMAAC products are distributed via email and available within the Homeland Security Information Network and DHS Common Operating Picture.

Any local, state, tribal, or federal agency may activate IMAAC for emergencies involving atmospheric release. IMAAC assistance can be requested through the DHS National Operations Center.

The IMAAC has responded to numerous real-world events, including chemical fires and train derailments, in-situ burns from the Deepwater Horizon oil spill, and sulfur dioxide volcanic emissions in Hawaii.

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the emergency management community to ensure the local authorities of the current information to make command decisions.

Public Health and Medical Services

Medical support includes standing-up temporary care facilities to meet the requirements of the emergency staff and patients affected by the event. Medical teams with be dispatched from local hospitals to treat on-site injuries. As the operations progress, minor support would be available on-site and injured citizens who have fled the scene are directed to various hospitals.

The geospatial products available to support medical response efforts would include estimates of casualties from structural and direct impact, routing, and potential locations for federal resources due to loss of functionality at the local medical facility. Analyses are used to scale mission requirements, and to identify areas where critical medical services requirements are required.

Shelter and Evacuation

Two shelters are activated at area schools. While these facilities are expected to have low volumes of long-term evacuees, they serve as a hub for event communications and the provision of various services to include federal assistance and locating friends and relatives. In addition they will provide mass-feeding for the surge of stadium attendees as they await access to their vehicles and transportation home.

Emergency evacuations from the area will be required to transport the critically injured to care facilities. Since the closest hospital was also targeted, the distance that these patients may have to travel may be significant. The use of helicopters will be required due to the mass confusion occurring near the event locations. Geospatial analysts would assist in assessing the surrounding area to determine adequate Landing Zones (LZ) for these

Best Practices - SAR Geo-ReferencingFederal, State, Tribal, Territorial, local, and volunteer SAR responders face numerous challenges, including those relating to a lack of geospatial awareness. Resource de-confliction is a matter of safety for mobile assets such as aircraft. Additionally, it aids in the efficient and effective use of limited resources so that all areas receive appropriate, available SAR response assets.

Three specific geo-referencing issues were identified during the response to Hurricane Katrina:

• How do SAR responders navigate when landmarks such as street signs and homes are unavailable?

• How do SAR responders communicate position in a common language?

• SAR resource de-confliction: the ability to ensure multiple assets are not inappropriately operating in the same area.

To geo-reference is to define location in physical space and is crucial to making aerial and satellite imagery useful for mapping. Geo-referencing explains how position data (e.g., Global Positioning System (GPS)

locations) relate to imagery and to a physical location. Different maps may use different projection systems. Geo-referencing tools contain methods to combine and overlay these maps with minimum distortion. Using geo-referencing methods, data obtained from observation or surveying may be given a point of reference from topographic maps already available.

Three predominate geo-referencing methods are used for SAR operations anywhere in the United States:

• US National Grid (USNG)• Latitude / Longitude

• Global Area Reference System (GARS)

A fundamental requirement for a geo-reference system is the ability to easily interface between the Incident Command, land, maritime, and aeronautical SAR responders. Because each has unique geo-referencing requirements, effective interface between each component is vital to a successful SAR response. The geo-referencing matrix below minimizes confusion and provides guidance on what geo-referencing system each SAR responder is typically using. Additional information provided by the National Search and Rescue Committee is available at http://www.uscg.mil/hq/cg5/cg534/NSARC.asp.

SAR Geo-referencing Matrix

Geo-reference System User United States National Grid (USNG)

Latitude/Longitude DD-MM.mm GARS

Land SAR Responder Primary Secondary N/AAeronautical SAR Responders Secondary Primary TertiaryAir Space Deconfliction N/A Primary N/ALand SAR Responder/ Aeronautical SAR Responder Interface.

Primary Secondary N/A

Incident Command: Air SAR Coordination

Secondary Primary N/A

Land SAR Coordination Primary Secondary N/AArea organization and accountability Secondary Tertiary PrimaryFor additional SAR-specific Best Practices see Estimating Search and Rescue Requirements on page 87.

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assets as well as locations for temporary medical support. Sites will be required to treat the survivors that are rescued, triaged, and then transported to care facilities outside the impacted area. Sites need to accommodate both aircraft and over-road mechanisms of transportation. In order to support and sustain transportation activities, information such as access routes (ingress/egress) and airspace closures will need to be updated frequently.

Search and Rescue Operations

Although the area of operations in this event may be confined, the time-critical nature of Search and Rescue missions combine to heighten the importance of effectively utilizing geospatial tools to identify and prioritize the deployment of Federal SAR assets. At the NRCC level, geospatial products will initially be focused at the impacted area and potential population affected. Blast radius models would be produced quickly and used by the on-scene commander to determine where to concentrate recourses. If a suspected plume was identified it would be authoritatively mapped by the IMAAC and/or DTRA and distributed to ensure rescue efforts are deployed in these areas.

Urban Search and Rescue Task Forces would be deployed by FEMA immediately following this event. In addition, the state would deploy their own resources (Indiana Task Force 1 (IN-TF1)) and could request assistance from their neighboring states. Many of the US&R TFs have geospatial analysts within their ranks. These individuals provide direct support to the team with tactical products to include structure information, floor plans, site maps, and search management products.

Incident Management Teams (IMATs) are deployed to support the operational requirements US&R TF’s and manage the US&R mission. The IMAT brings logistics, planning, and geospatial staff to the theater. Working with local authorities, the geospatial staff

Table 5–10: Sample Recovery Mission EEIs by ESF



Boundaries of Disaster Area Potential HAZMAT Release ESF #5 3 HoursSummary of Impacts ESF #5 8 HoursImagery Derived Boundaries ESF #5 2 HoursInfrastructure Failures ESF #12 8 Hours

Access to Disaster Area High Impact Urban Areas ESF #3 1 HourRoad Closure Estimates ESF #5 1 HourBridge & Overpass Damage Estimates ESF #5 2 HoursDebris Estimates ESF #5 1 HourRoad Closures ESF #1 2 HoursIsolated Victims ESF #5 2 HoursDebris Removal Status ESF #3 12 Hours

Jurisdictional Boundaries Communities Impacted (Reported) ESF #5 2 HoursCommunities Impacted (Eyewitness) ESF #5 4 Hours

Socio-Economic Impacts Estimated Monetary Losses ESF #5 48 HoursEstimated Residential Damage ESF #5 48 Hours


Vulnerable Structure Reports ESF #5 12 HoursUnsafe Areas ESF #5 24 HoursSecondary Structural Hazards ESF #5 48 HoursVulnerable Structures (modeled) ESF #3 12 Hours

Demographics Estimated Exposed Populations ESF #5 1 HourImpact Upon Income, Ethnicity, & Age ESF #5 1 Hour

Damage Assessments IA Applicant Locations ESF #6 24 HoursSBA Applicant Locations ESF #6 24 HoursRiver Transportation Status ESF #1 48 HoursGeneral Imagery Analysis ESF #5 12 HoursIDP - Structure Damages ESF #5 5 daysIDP - Transportation Damages ESF #5 6 DaysFEMA PDA Team Reports ESF #6 24 HoursARC Damage Assessment Team Reports ESF #6 2 Days

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would provide products to manage the site operations specific to Search and Rescue. Geospatial products utilized within the IMT support the development of strategic and operational plans for US&R teams and general activities focus on the rescue of persons trapped in confined structures. Geospatial analysts would assist in determining areas with high probabilities of structural collapse and spatially locating all information related to their operations.

On-scene Security and Protection

In the initial aftermath of the event, little will be known about the blast effects. This includes size, causalities, secondary effects, and if hazardous materials such as chemical or even radiation were

involved. While lifesaving and life sustaining operations are being carried out and well after they are completed the area will likely be considered a crime scene and treated as such. Damage to building and infrastructure will not be immediately known and so will be considered severe. Access to the site will be restricted. In the event of a terrorist attack, senior level government officials including the President will visit the affected which will be led and coordinated by the US Secret Service.

On-site security efforts will be covered by local, state, and federal resources. Badging requirements will be put in place to control access to the scenes and protect the responders and evidence. Closed areas and security check points will be a vital part

of the mapping data shared across the community. As the operations evolve, these elements will change to accommodate responder access, the removal of debris, and the coming reconstruction.

The attack will also cause the FAA to enact Temporary Flight Restrictions (TFR) over the Indianapolis area to restrict aircraft operations. A flight restriction issued under the authority of 14 Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) Section 91.137, is intended to protect persons or property, on the ground or in the air, from a specific hazard. It prohibits all aircraft from operating in the designated area, unless it is participating in disaster/hazard relief activities and is being operated under the direction of the official in charge of on-scene emergency response activities.

Geospatial support will include the mapping of the closed and restricted areas, which will be critical to all responders and the general public to ensure their safety. This effort will be crucial to ensure the safety of the responders as they work to look for survivors and the clearing of debris. The general public needs to be aware of areas off limits to enable the responders to do their task efficiently without outside interference and the concern for additional injuries.

Operational Communications

To ensure a safe and secure environment after the attack, operational communications with law enforcement and related security and protection operations will be required. Local, commercial communications systems will be initially overwhelmed and service disruption will most likely occur. Geospatial support will revolve around products that detail the current damage areas and the identification of safe routes and areas that will ensure local authorities keep the public safe.

Radio communications continue to be vital across the emergency services community. With responders arriving from across the country problems may arise with interoperability issues. The National interagency



Damage Assessments Debris Removal Status ESF #3 2 DaysFEMA PA Inspection Locations ESF #3 7 DaysFEMA MAT Reports ESF ESF #5 2 DaysImagery Analysis (pre vs. post-event Imagery)

ESF #5 2 Days

Status of Medical Services Estimated Hospital Functionality ESF #5 4 HoursDisaster Medical Team Deployment Status

ESF #8 24 Hours

Hospital Status ESF #8 24 HoursStatus of Energy Systems Power Outages ESF #12 12 Hours

Damage to Power Infrastructure ESF #12 24 HoursVoluntary Agency Activities Shelter Status ESF #6 12 HoursPublic Safety Alert Notifications (reported) ESF #5 2 Hours

National Guard Security Team Status ESF #5 24 HoursHigh Hazard/Unsafe Areas ESF #5 24 Hours


Public Safety Notices ESF #8 12 HoursPublic Safety Notices ESF #8 12 Hours

Table 5–10: Sample Recovery Mission EEIs by ESF (Continued) 2 of 2

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Fire Center (NIFC) could provide radio kits and radio repeater assets to assist. Geospatial technologies could be utilized to identify placement details and radio communication extents.

Public and Private Services and Resources

The provision to provide essential public and private services and resources to the affected area is another vital concern. Although this attack is limited in scope, emergency power to critical facilities, like the local medical facilities will need to be satisfied. In this situation, short-term power and fuel may be required to support the response efforts. The geospatial support will be called upon to provide the command centers with the required data to include the determination of potential parking lot space to accommodate refueling and the warehousing or supplies.

5.3.2.2 Recovery

In this terrorist event, Life-Saving operations may last for 3-7 days and will overlap greatly with Recovery activities. These activities would include term medical care, temporary feeding, and sheltering support. After 10-15 days, rescue efforts wind-down as the focus transitions to Recovery operations.

The short-term recovery will focus aggressively on providing a core level of services, temporary housing (if required), financial support to displaced workers, and businesses in effort to stabilize the local situation. Longer-term efforts will include the timely restoration of damaged facilities, strengthening, and revitalization of the infrastructure; housing; a sustainable economy; and the health, social, cultural, historic, and environmental fabric of the affected communities. Specific data available through the Recovery Mission is identified in Table 5–10.

Public Information and Warning

The delivery of reliable and actionable information following this event will be of utmost importance. With the multiple attack locations, citizens across the country will be fearful of another attack in the immediate area as well as other locations across the country. Immediate analysis of similar venues in other areas of the US will assist in ensuring that messaging is delivered to other communities. Notices will be delivered through multiple media sources to notify the citizens of shelter locations, assistance centers, available hospitals, and reunification facilities.

Economic Recovery

The overall effect on the economy will be two-fold. Locally, the economic losses due to damaged and destroyed structures may strain local budgets and federal assistance will be required for reconstruction. On a national level, the fears of markets will take initial downturn in the aftermath depending on the severity of the attack. Locally, the goal is to return residential, economic, and business activities to a healthy state in the affected area. Geospatial support would encompass many of the products that have already been produced in support of the initial emergency; such has hazard areas, transportation issues and damage assessment products. Additional efforts would be in place to model economic losses for the near and distant timeframes.

Health and Social Services

Following this terrorist event, recovery encompasses more than the restoration of a community’s physical structures. Of equal importance is providing a continuum of care to support individuals in maintaining or restoring health, safety, and independence, and in meeting the needs of survivors who experienced financial, emotional, and physical hardships.

Geospatial support to this area could assist in identifying individuals exposed to the event in effort

to provide them with assistance related to post-traumatic stress concerns based on their opportunities to witness the explosions or aftermath. In addition, the tracking of individuals requesting assistance can be tied back to their locations at the time of the event, assisting health researchers in understanding the trauma witnessed by each individual.

Housing

The terrorist attack will have minimal impact on the local housing as the attack did not occur in any residential areas. If this event had a radiological or chemical element to the explosion, then a plume of potential harmful particles could cause the evacuation of apartment buildings and other facilities which would result in the temporary relocation of the affected population.

The Individual Assistance Program collects key information including damage address, mailing address, and current address. This location information enables ESF #6 to identify where the damage occurred and where applicants are currently located. In the days and weeks following the event, individuals move to formal shelters, move in with family and friends outside of the damaged areas, or move to regions beyond the impacted area. These simple address fields support analyses to determine shelter needs, survivor re-population, and return options for the foreseeable future.

Infrastructure SystemsFEMA’s PA program is activated following the terrorist event. As part of the PDA Teams, PA staff are deployed to the field to assess the overall impact, returning with reported data and maps. While these reports may not be geospatial in nature, their location information is analyzed for spatial content to derive their specific location incorporated into the event data holdings.

Impact to the Amtrak station is critical to the commuter traffic in the area. Efforts to expedite the

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repair to the facility will be validated through spatial analysis of the commuter traffic patterns on the rail-line. The re-opening of the rail line will stabilize the users of this transportation system immediately and bring normalcy back to the community. Any prolonged service disruptions will impact both the citizens and the Amtrak operators.

Damages to the public facilities to include the hospital must be assessed as soon as possible. Plans for debris removal and temporary repairs must be defined as a means for re-opening access and ensuring public safety and security. Geospatial staff supporting these efforts will assist in modeling the debris volumes and produce products to monitor completion activities.

Natural and Cultural ResourcesLarge public projects are subject to a special considerations review to include environmental impact assessment and condition of cultural resources assessment. These reviews consist of analyzing

environmental data to understand proximity of the project to environmental considerations. Efforts are made to understand the locations of historical structures to minimize the impact of recovery efforts on these structures. Activities include mapping the location of historical structures and districts and the provisioning of historical map documents.

5.3.2.3 MitigationMitigation includes those capabilities necessary to reduce loss of life and property by lessening the impact of disasters. It is focused on the premise that individuals, the private sector, communities, critical infrastructure, and the Nation as a whole are made more resilient when the consequences and impacts, the duration, and the financial and human costs to respond to and recover from adverse incidents are all reduced. Mitigation efforts include Community Resilience, Long-term Vulnerability Reduction, Risk and Disaster Resilience Assessment, and Threats and Hazard Identification. Specific data available through the Mitigation Mission is identified in Table 5–11.

Community Resilience

Although mitigation is the responsibility of the whole community, much of the mitigation activity occurs at the local level. The assessment of risk and resilience must therefore begin at the community level and serve to inform our state, regional, and national planning. In this scenario, local efforts could focus on future planning for similar events to include evacuation planning for facilities and vulnerability assessments for other venues. Geospatial products for these planning efforts would include venue evacuation plans and traffic re-routing plans utilizing modeling and access to key local data.

Long-term Vulnerability Reduction

One of the areas communities can look to for the implementation of mitigation measures that target essential facilities (police, fire, hospitals, shelters), businesses, residences, and lifelines (transportation and utilities) is FEMA. The FEMA developed ‘Reference Manual to Mitigate Potential Terrorist Attack Against Buildings’ (FEMA 426) provides guidance to the building science community of architects and engineers, to reduce physical damage to buildings, related infrastructure, and people caused by terrorist assaults.

This event scenario would result in structural changes being made to the buildings directly impacted in this attack. Traffic control, pedestrian access, camera monitoring, and other topics would be assessed. Geospatial tools would assist in the analysis looking at line-of-site, access opportunities, and transportation choke-points.

Risk and Disaster Resilience Assessment

States and local communities must assess risk and disaster resilience so that decision makers, responders, and community members can take informed action to

Table 5–11: Sample Mitigation Mission EEIs by ESF



Hazard-Specific Information Vulnerable Structures (Modeled) ESF #5 1 HourVulnerable Structures (Inspected) ESF #5 4 daysPotential unexploded weapons ESF #5 2 Hours

Status of Critical Infrastructure Federal Critical Infrastructure Status ESF #5 1 HourState/local Critical Infrastructure Status

ESF #5 12 Hours

Status of State/local EOCs State/local EOC Status ESF #5 1 HourStatus of Medical Services Estimated Hospital Functionality ESF #5 3 Hours

Estimated Hospital Locations within Vicinity

ESF #5 1 Hour

Status of Personnel FEMA MAT Deployment Locations ESF #5 1 HourSearch and Rescue Deployment ESF #5 1 Hour

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reduce their entity’s risk and increase their resilience. Disaster risk reduction aims to reduce socio-economic vulnerabilities to disaster as well as dealing with the environmental and other hazards that trigger them. Geospatial support in the development of risk assessments would provide direct and practical connections between data analysis, modeling, and decision making within a spatial context using a variety of geospatial tools. These analytical products aid the communities in identifying risks and vulnerabilities to critical infrastructure.

5.3.2.4 Prevention

Terrorist events are predominately “No-Notice Events” and therefore have minimal pre-event emergency activities associated with them. Preventing an imminent terrorist threat to the homeland requires the capabilities necessary to avoid, prevent, or stop a threatened or actual act of terrorism. The threat is dynamic and complex and combating it is not the sole responsibility of a single entity or community. It involves a robust and collaborative investigative process to include the

intelligence, law enforcement, and homeland defense communities. Ensuring the security of the nation also requires the execution of terrorism prevention through extensive collaboration with government and nongovernmental entities, international partners, and the private sector. Specific data available through the Prevention Mission is identified in Table 5–12.

Forensics and Attribution

In this scenario, the overall attack involved a systematic series of individual explosions. With this, the prevention efforts immediately following would have a high-focus on identifying any follow-on attacks. Evidence collection, probably led by FBI, would be key in linking the attackers and their specific weapons to other individuals and/or venues around the country. All resources would be working aggressively to harvest intelligence information and analyze it against content and geography. These activities would take place at the JTTFs, Fusion Centers, and other law enforcement facilities. Geospatial tools would support the visualization of

all relevant information and be utilized in the analysis of key intelligence collected.

Intelligence and Information Sharing

The sharing of information for a terror or other law enforcement related event is much different than that of a natural event. Much of the early information collected will be restricted for much of the community. Various levels of security will be in place and there will be difficulties in the general sharing of information. Tools such as HSIN, Intellipedia, and internal Law Enforcement systems will be populated with key information and require the proper credentials to access.

It is imperative that the entities responding to and support the operations around this event maintain connections to the whole community. Sensitive information must be shared as appropriate and resources must be in place to remove unnecessary details to facilitate sharing across the community. Geospatial analysts will be working in tandem on similar projects. Contacts maintained through the local JTTF and Fusion Center will assure that information movement is maintained and that all parties have visibility on critical information themes.

Interdiction and Disruption

The success of an operation to delay, divert, intercept, or secure a terrorist threat requires a coordinated effort. The use of intelligence and information sharing is vital to the successful conclusion of this type of operation. In this scenario, two vehicles appearing to be attached to Emergency Response are utilized by the combatants. Immediate analysis would look for similar vehicle purchases in the area and across the country. Retired ambulances and other apparatus are often sold with their original paint and some identification rendering them a simple solution for deceiving the public. If additional vehicle purchases are discovered, geospatial analysis could further analyze the details of this information and

Table 5–12: Sample Prevention Mission EEIs by ESF

Essential Elements of Information Geospatial Product/Analysis

Authoritative Source

Estimated Availibility

Boundaries of Special Events Potential Community Impact N/A N/AVulnerability Assessments N/A N/A

Hazard-Specific Information Vulnerable Structure Reports N/A N/AVulnerable Structures (Modeled) N/A N/A

Predictive Modeling HAZMAT Locations N/A N/ABomb Blast Modeling N/A N/APlume Modeling N/A N/A

Emergency Operations Centers Federal EOC Status N/A N/AJFO/GIU Locations N/A N/A

Status of Medical Services Estimated Hospital Capacities N/A N/A

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potentially track other vehicles from their point of sale using credit card receipts, fuel transactions, and traffic cameras.

One of the steps in interdiction and prevention efforts is the increased efforts in intelligence gathering and analytical capabilities. Obtaining information about the identity, goals, plans, and vulnerabilities of terrorists is extremely difficult but would be a high priority following this event. Resources such as the Regional Information Sharing System (RISS), the High Intensity Drug Trafficking Areas (HIDTAs) databases, the El Paso Intelligence Center (EPIC), and the International Association of Law Enforcement Intelligence Analysts (IALEIA) could be leveraged to assist in the intelligence gathering.

Screening, Search and Detection

The identification, discovery, and location of potential threats and/or hazards appropriate to the event can occur through active and passive surveillance and search procedures. This may include the use of systematic examinations and assessments, sensor technologies, or physical investigation and intelligence. Geospatial support would work in tandem with intelligence means to track suspected cargo to predict destinations. Once identified and tracked, local authorities would perform the screening and searching of the suspected items to ensure the safety of the public.

5.3.2.5 Protection

Protection includes capabilities to safeguard the homeland against acts of terrorism and man-made or natural disasters. It is focused on actions to protect the citizens, residents, visitors, and critical assets, systems, and networks against the greatest risks to our Nation in a manner that allows our interests, aspirations, and way of life to thrive. We will create conditions for a safer, more secure, and more resilient Nation by enhancing Protection through cooperation and collaboration with all sectors of society. Specific

data available through the Protection Mission is identified in Table 5–13.

Access Control and Identity Verification

While access control is largely associated with fixed facilities, field operations of this type would require significant levels of support in maintaining a safe and secure environment following the event. While most federal staff will be badged through their home organizations, consolidating the verification activities at temporary access points would be a challenge. State and local staff along with contract support staff would require on site badging and expedited verification of identities. Geospatial systems would assist in these efforts with the potential to geo-locate individuals and equipment in real-time. These efforts would provide additional site security and support individual safety at the same time.

Intelligence and Information Sharing

Much like the Prevention Mission, Protection measures will leverage similar intelligence and information sharing requirements. Utilization of this information would directly support the protection of the site, responders, and workers in the area. Access control systems could be linked through a data environment to share location information on a multitude of different themes. Supporting the sharing across the community would be vital in supporting the overall protection mission.

Interdiction and Disruption

Protection based measures for interdiction would include physical check-point screenings of individuals and vehicles. Analysis-based support could assist with vehicle license validation and tracking. Perimeter security and cameras would support monitoring to disrupt any efforts to gain un-approved access to the site.

Physical Protective Measures

The on-site protection would include high-levels of security staff, perimeter fencing, and cameras to monitor site access. Spatial products would define the extents of protection; locations of all resources employed, and bring in additional relevant data as required. Through the Access Control measured mentioned above, data systems could track individuals as they enter the scene, monitor their routes as they work, and check them out upon departure. The simple notion of verifying that all workers are accounted for and that the check in/out metrics are balanced throughout the event will ensure the safety of the community.

5.3.3 Situational Awareness

In this attack scenario, critical information will need to be provided to all decision makers with decision-relevant information regarding the nature and extent of the event, any cascading effects, and the status of the response. This situational awareness will include the assessment of actual damage using a variety of means, including, airborne/satellite imagery and on-site field reports.

The National Operations Center (NOC), detailed in Section 4 of this GeoCONOPS, serves as the nation’s nerve center for information collection and sharing. Pursuant to section 515 of the Homeland Security Act of 2002 the NOC is the principal operations center for DHS providing situational awareness and a common operating picture for the entire federal government, and for state, local, and tribal governments as appropriate. It ensures that critical event-related information reaches government decision-makers and enables the Secretary and other leaders to make informed decisions and identify courses of action during an event or threat. In concert with the NOC, the FBI’s Joint Terrorism Task Forces (JTTF) will conduct terrorism-related investigations, sharing relevant as it comes available. Analytic and information-sharing

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efforts carried out by the JTTFs support investigative efforts and interact with the Fusion Centers.

Damage Assessment

Damage assessments provide a vital flow of information to the response community. In this event, the damage will be localized in nature, although with multiple explosions, the damaged areas will be spread throughout several locations. Through the initial use of ground truth data, the needed data models and to a lesser extent imagery, the scale of the event and overall impact will be initially estimated and later validated. Initial ground-truth data will provide the first responders with the immediate impact area in effort to assist in their efforts to effectively focus their efforts. The combination of data sources will provide rapid estimates and quantitative field observations to

assist in making critical decisions in the early phases of the disaster response operation.

Imagery and Derived Products

For this event, the use of imagery will be limited as the impact area will be localized. Satellite-based imagery resources, although unaffected by the event will be used for post event analysis, but their immediate use will be of little value. Airborne resources can be deployed quickly and based upon the extent of the damage can be used to assist in some lifesaving missions.

Satellite Imagery

Under the International Charter, all participating satellite platforms will be available to the United

States government through FEMA as the coordinator. These resources will satisfy high-level requirements for general damage assessment. The FEMA NRCC Remote Sensing Coordinator will coordinate these collection efforts and assist in determining mission tasking and the balancing of available resources. If required, this effort will require the tasking of satellite resources to move from large, course coverage areas to tighter and higher resolution imagery collections thus removing these assets from the broader collection mission.

The Life-Saving Missions will require high resolution and spatially accurate data products to support their emergency activities. Initial field reporting will provide the ground truth on ingress routes to effected area. The use of proper imagery data and analysis will also aid in recovery efforts.

Airborne Imagery

Aircraft will serve as the primary source of imagery sources and provide the high-resolution products required for assessments of individual structures and systems. The airborne mission can have a fairly rapid start as the state coordinates with the local National Guard. Aircraft can provide aerial surveillance and reconnaissance for law enforcement to assist in the recovery efforts as well. With FEMA coordinating Remote Sensing activities, it is imperative that ESF-based functions are engaged with the NRCC and JFO operations to identify requirements and report their geospatial activities. Life-saving missions will benefit greatly from the increased resolution and coverage these platforms provide.

In addition to the urgent need to assist in recovery, public safety and force protection will require high levels of data collection in these areas to maintain law and order in the immediate vicinity. Oblique imagery further supports these efforts as it provides the ability to view the sides of buildings to further

Table 5–13: Sample Protection Mission EEIs by ESF

Essential Elements of Information Geospatial Product/Analysis Authoritative Source

Estimated Availibility

Boundaries of Areas of Interest (AOI) Critical Infrastructure N/A N/ANational Special Security Events (NSSEs)

N/A N/A

Public Safety High Hazard/Unsafe Areas N/A N/AStatus of Medical Service Estimated Hospital Functionality N/A N/AStatus of Transportation Evacuation Route Selection N/A N/A


N/A N/A

Pre-Event Protection Plans Barrier Construction Materials N/A N/ASecurity Personnel N/A N/A

Predictive Modeling Potential Plume Mapping N/A N/APotential Building Damage Mapping

N/A N/A

Areas of Interest (AOI) surrounding event

N/A N/A

Alternative Evacuation Routes N/A N/A



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Imagery Dissemination

The dissemination of the various imagery products in support of the terrorist event will be made available as needed. As the authoritative agent for data compilation and dissemination of imagery-based data, the USGS EROS Data Center will be the Federal hub of post-event data. In addition, the imagery providers (government or commercial) can be expected to serve data to the stakeholders as allowed by data licensing. Third-party distribution options will be available through various public and private internet-based spatial environments as well, ensuring that full access is available.

Models

The modeling communities will begin work immediately to estimate damages and model suspected radiological or chemical plume if detected. Damage models and plume data play a vital role in the first 12 to 24 hours following an event prior to factual details coming available. Subject Matter Experts (SMEs) in the model methodologies and outputs play a critical role in interpreting the data and identifying proper use of the analyses to support damage assessment and life-saving missions. These are used in conjunction with field assessments to delineate the area of operations, and the nature and scope of damage.

The Defense Threat Reduction Agency (DTRA) is the U.S. Department of Defense’s official Combat Support Agency for countering weapons of mass destruction. DTRA address the entire spectrum of blast, chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear and high yield explosive threats. DTRA would provide modeled information initially from an off-site location and would deploy resources into the theater to initiate activities focused at increased accuracy and information quality for the response and law enforcement communities.

In addition to DTRA, the National Guard CSTs would provide support as well and coordinate their efforts with DTRA and others. The DHS IMAAC would provide modeled information on the airborne threats, utilizing the various national laboratories to conduct their analysis.

In support of the recovery missions, USACE would provide support for modeled debris, food, and water for this event. In their support role to the FEMA PA program, their early modeling efforts would be replaced by ground data collected as they conduct the debris removal mission. Long-term modeling efforts will be utilized to support preparedness, mitigation and judicial issues for the duration of the event efforts.

Each of these models provides an output product consisting of combinations of reports, maps, and geospatial data. These geospatial based products are vital in sharing the results with the stakeholder community. The modeling communities produce many similar products, which may be applicable to more than one mission. The geospatial products will have subtle differences, and interpretations of results should be supported by subject matter experts, including authoritative sources for the subject domain.

Field Data Collection

Imagery and models provide key data for early operations, and will be used in conjunction with field information to provide improved situational awareness, complementing on-ground damage assessments and field data collection. First-hand data from the field will be the most important assessment in the initial response to the event supporting multiple missions. The inclusion of field data also lends credibility to imagery derived and modeled data feeds. Field data collection activities will include:• Incident Management Assistance Teams (IMAT) –

Federal interagency team• Rapid Needs Assessment (RNA) – Federal and

state interagency team

assess individual structures, and determine locations suitable for rebuilding.

Mission Overlap

In some situations, satellite imagery and aircraft imagery are competing resources in the form of multiple platforms with similar instrumentation. With a localized event, a strategy will be developed to make best use of the available assets and ensure that efforts are not duplicated. Close coordination will be required between FEMA and the multitude of Federal, State, and local partners. Efforts will be made to ensure that there are multiple uses for all imagery collected and that these data will be available to everyone with requirements to access it.

Exploitation

Imagery alone cannot be the single data source for situational awareness, as in most cases it only provides background information. The greatest return on imagery investment is the imagery Derived Products (IDPs). These products expand on basic imagery by including simple attributes (i.e. destroyed, damaged) as well as more detailed information (i.e. degree of damage, damage type). These IDPs are developed based on customer requirements and vary greatly across the stakeholder community. In many cases, IDP requirements can be combined into a single analytical request and provided to several customers. In this setting, IDP analysis would also include debris volume monitoring and tracking.

As the executive agent for RS Coordination, FEMA has a role in coordinating the IDPs as well. With every specific data collection requirement, IDP development must be part of the deliverable regardless of the source. As IDP data will be utilized in briefings, map products, and web viewers across the country, it is imperative that information does not conflict and that sources are properly and easily defined.



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• PA Inspection Teams – Federal and state interagency team

• American Red Cross Inspection Teams – Paid and volunteer staff

• IA PDA Teams – Federal and State Interagency team• National Guard Civil Support Teams• Nuclear Regulatory Commission Radiological

Monitoring Teams

These and other field data sources provide additional perspectives into the reality of the field. While most of the data collected is done to support specific operational authorities, the data can be easily repurposed in support of the damage assessment and recovery efforts.

Geospatial Products

Emergency response and law enforcement decision makers at all levels need to understand the overall situation and magnitude of the event. Several specific information themes will support this, including:• Blast Radius for each incident• Casualties Projections (Current and expected over

time)• Remains Recovery Locations• Displaced Population• Shelter Requirements• Structure Damage• Essential Facilities • Transportation Systems Damage• Water and Power Outages



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appendix a: mission enGineerinG meThodoloGy overview

The collection of geospatial-specific requirements across the federal entities supporting the NRF required execution of proven methodology to ensure that information is efficiently collected, analyzed, and consolidated into one uniform document. The Mission Engineering® (ME) methodology provides this approach as an assessment of holistic operations supporting the Geospatial Management Office’s (GMO) GeoCONOPS. The premise of ME is to start from the strategic vision of the organization and then build downward, using a graphically rich framework to characterize and understand how the individual processes, activities, and interactions of the organization fit within the intended realms of missions, customers, suppliers, and responsibilities. The ME approach results in a definition of current operating practices and ties these to the strategic operations such that it is possible to simultaneously identify desirable “to be” processes that are logical supplements to the current “as is” practices.

This methodology was used to assess the geospatial community and baseline interactions between and among various federal entities, information sharing

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needs, technologies, products, and processes. The ME approach consists of progressive phases (Community Analysis and Operations Analysis) that increase in substantive detail such that the end product not only reflects the four key mission objectives but the detailed information needed to execute these missions from the federal partners. All the ME phases are highly iterative and can be tailored to capture, analyze, visualize, and communicate organizational needs.

In development of this GeoCONOPS, these assessments focused upon the Geospatial community’s operational environment and processes to enable Department of Homeland Security (DHS) and the federal mission partners to make more knowledgeable, timely, and defined use of geospatial information and products.

Community Analysis

The Community Analysis phase characterizes how the Geospatial community operates within and supports the overall DHS community. The intent of this phase is to describe and characterize the various actors and stakeholders, their relationships, as well as tools that compose the current geospatial support to emergency response operations at the national, regional, and field levels. ME products in this phase illustrate mission-critical, business, and operations support services as well as the information flows between and among actors and stakeholders.

The GeoCONOPS Community Model (see Figure A–1) provides a graphical representation of the operational framework that:• Identifies actors and stakeholders that support the

Geospatial community mission• Identifies the information environment, actor

responsibilities, and transactional information exchanges

• Documents methods for sharing data within and outside the Geospatial community

• Illustrates high-level processes across the geospatial mission operations and the correlating relationships of these processes with stakeholders.

Operations Analysis

The Operational Analysis phase decomposes the Geospatial community further to visualize the processes that the actors and stakeholders follow to achieve their mission needs and responsibilities.

Information Transaction Inventory (ITI) captures specific details regarding the movement of geospatial information into, across, and out of the Geospatial community. The ITI defines the fundamental processes involved in information

assimilation and analytical effort, clarifies current information transactions, demonstrates what data interfaces exist, which systems currently integrate information transactions, and the frequency of the information transactions.

Figure A–1: Geospatial CONOPS Community Model

Appendices


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appendix b: auThoriTaTive daTa maTrix

Sub Category Theme Type POC Restrictions URLAgriculture/Food

Animal Health Surveillance

Animal Health Surveillance Point USDA n/a http://www.aphis.usda.gov/vs/nahss/index.htm

Mobile Food

Mobile Commissary - Base Point DOI/NIFC n/a unavailableMobile Commissary - Mobilized Locations Point DOI/NIFC n/a unavailableMobile Food Unit - Base Point DOI/NIFC n/a unavailableMobile Food Unit - Mobilized Locations Point DOI/NIFC n/a unavailable

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Sub Category Theme Type POC Restrictions URL

Processing/Packaging/Production

Animal Food Manufacturing Point FDA n/a https://www.hifldwg.org/hsip.aspAnimal Slaughter and Processing Facilities Point USDA n/a unavailableBreweries/Distilleries Point FDA Yes https://www.hifldwg.org/hsip.aspCanneries Point FDA Yes https://www.hifldwg.org/hsip.aspDairy Product Manufacturing Point FDA n/a unavailableFruit/Vegetable Preserving, Specialty Food Manufacturing

Point FDA n/a unavailable

Grain Mills Point Dun & Bradstreet (FDA) Yes https://www.hifldwg.org/hsip.aspIce Production Point FEMA n/a unavailableMeals Ready to Eat (MRE) Production Point DoD/DCMA n/a unavailableMeat Packing And Processing Plants Point Dun & Bradstreet (FDA) Yes https://www.hifldwg.org/hsip.aspOther Food Manufacturing Point FDA n/a unavailableSeafood Product Processing Point FDA n/a unavailableSoft Drink Bottling Plants Point Dun & Bradstreet (FDA) Yes https://www.hifldwg.org/hsip.aspSugar and Confectionary Product Manufacturing Point FDA n/a unavailableTobacco Product Manufacturing Point USDA n/a unavailableWater Bottling Point Dun & Bradstreet (FDA) Yes https://www.hifldwg.org/hsip.asp

Product Distribution

Food Importation/Distribution Centers Point FDA n/a unavailableWater Distribution Centers Point FEMA n/a unavailable

Product StorageBulk Food Storage Point FEMA n/a unavailableIce Storage Point FEMA n/a unavailableMeals Ready to Eat (MRE) Storage Point DoD/DCMA n/a unavailable

Product Transportation

Food Importation Ports Point FDA n/a unavailable

Supply

Cattle Ranch/Farms Polygon USDA n/a http://www.ers.usda.gov/data/baseline/default.asp?ERSTab=3&VIEW=Dairy

Crop Businesses Point USDA Yes https://www.hifldwg.org/hsip.aspCrop Production Farms and Facilities Polygon USDA n/a unavailableCropland (National Agricultural Statics Service) Polygon USDA n/a http://www.nass.usda.gov/research/Cropland/SARS1a.

htmDairy Businesses Point USDA Yes https://www.hifldwg.org/hsip.aspDairy Cattle Farms Polygon USDA n/a http://www.ers.usda.gov/data/baseline/default.

asp?ERSTab=3&VIEW=DairyEgg Production Farms Polygon USDA n/a http://www.ers.usda.gov/data/baseline/default.

asp?ERSTab=3&VIEW=DairySheep/Goat Farms Polygon USDA n/a http://www.ers.usda.gov/data/RegionMapper/

Documentation.htm

Appendices



Team

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Support Facilities

Agriculture Chemical Manufacture Point USDA n/a unavailableState Fairgrounds Point NGA-PMHP No https://www.hifldwg.org/hsip.aspUS Agriculture Census Point USDA n/a unavailableVeterinary Pharmaceutical Manufacture Point USDA n/a unavailableVeterinary Services Point USDA n/a unavailable

Banking/Finance

Banking and Credit

Automated Check Clearing Houses Point Federal Reserve n/a unavailableBanking Institutions-National Credit Union Administration (NCUA)

Point NCUA n/a http://www.ncua.gov/DataServices/Directory/cudir.aspx

Branches/Agencies of Foreign Banks Point FDIC Yes https://www.hifldwg.org/hsip.aspCredit Unions HQ Point National Credit Union

AdministrationYes https://www.hifldwg.org/hsip.asp

Farm Credit Administration (FCA) Financial Institutions

Point FCA n/a unavailable

FDIC Insured Banking Administration Offices Point FDIC n/a http://www.fdic.gov/consumers/community/offices.html

FDIC Insured Banks Point FDIC Yes https://www.hifldwg.org/hsip.aspFederal Check Processing Units Point Federal Reserve n/a unavailableFederal Reserve Banks Point TGI (FDIC) Yes https://www.hifldwg.org/hsip.aspFederal Reserve Banks District Branches Point Federal Reserve n/a http://www.ustreas.gov/offices/index.shtmlFederal Reserve Banks Districts Polygon Federal Reserve n/a http://www.federalreserve.gov/Pubs/frseries/frseri3.htmFederal Reserve Headquarters Point Federal Reserve n/a unavailableFinancial Processing Centers Point TGI (FDIC) Yes https://www.hifldwg.org/hsip.aspForeign Trade/International Banking Point Dun & Bradstreet

(FDIC)Yes https://www.hifldwg.org/hsip.asp

Insurance Point TGI (DOC) Yes https://www.hifldwg.org/hsip.aspMoney Service Business (MSB) Financial Institutions Point Dept of Treasury n/a unavailableOCC Regulated Banks Point Dept of Treasury n/a unavailablePrinting Facilities Point Dept of Treasury n/a unavailableStock Exchanges Point FDIC n/a unavailableUS Mint Engraving Point TGI (Dept of Treasury) Yes https://www.hifldwg.org/hsip.aspUS Mint Facilities Point Dept of Treasury n/a http://www.usmint.gov/about_the_mint/index.

cfm?action=mint_facilities

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Team

Mem

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Capabilities

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Mission A

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Securities/Commodities/Financial Investments

Brokerages Point US SEC Yes https://www.hifldwg.org/hsip.aspBullion Repositories Point US SEC Yes https://www.hifldwg.org/hsip.aspCommodity Exchanges Point US SEC Yes https://www.hifldwg.org/hsip.aspInvestment Brokerage Headquarters Point US SEC n/a unavailableMutual Fund Headquarters Point US SEC n/a unavailableSecurities and Commodity Exchanges Point US SEC n/a unavailableStock Regulatory Agencies Point US SEC n/a unavailable

Base Map

Bodies of Water

Great Lakes Polygon Navteq (USGS NHD) Yes https://www.hifldwg.org/hsip.aspLakes Polygon Navteq (USGS NHD) Yes https://www.hifldwg.org/hsip.aspOceans Polygon Navteq (USGS NHD) Yes https://www.hifldwg.org/hsip.aspRivers Polygon USGS NHD n/a http://nhd.usgs.gov/data.htmlStreams Polyline USGS NHD n/a http://nhd.usgs.gov/data.htmlWater Polygon Navteq (USGS NHD) Yes https://www.hifldwg.org/hsip.asp

Border Crossings

Border Crossings - Canada Mexico Point DHS/CBP Yes https://www.hifldwg.org/hsip.aspEconomic Exclusion Zones (EEZS) Polygon DHS/USCG n/a https://www.hifldwg.org/hsip.aspLines of Demarcation Point DHS/USCG n/a unavailableNon Crossings Port of Entries Point NGA-PMHP Yes https://www.hifldwg.org/hsip.aspPorts of Entry (POE) Point DHS/CBP n/a http://www.cbp.gov/xp/cgov/toolbox/contacts/ports/Territorial Waters Boundary Polygon DHS/USCG n/a http://www.cbp.gov/xp/cgov/toolbox/contacts/ports/Water Ports of Entry (POE) Point DHS/CBP n/a http://www.cbp.gov/xp/cgov/toolbox/contacts/ports/

Boundaries

Bathymetry Boundaries Polygon USGS No https://www.hifldwg.org/hsip.aspCity AOI 133 Polygon NGA-PMH Yes https://www.hifldwg.org/hsip.aspCommon Land Unit (CLU) Polygon USDA/FSA n/a http://datagateway.nrcs.usda.gov/GatewayHome.htmlCounties Polygon USGS, US Census Yes https://www.hifldwg.org/hsip.aspEPA Regions Polygon EPA n/a http://www.mapdex.org/search/search.

cfm?layerkeyword=epa regions&tab=lyr&type=lyrFederal Lands Polygon USGS National Atlas No https://www.hifldwg.org/hsip.aspNational Forest (lower 48) Polygon USDA/USFS No https://www.hifldwg.org/hsip.aspNational Forest Grasslands Polygon USDA/USFS No https://www.hifldwg.org/hsip.aspPolitical Boundaries Polygon USGS No https://www.hifldwg.org/hsip.aspPostal Inspection Service Boundaries Polygon USPS n/a unavailableRadiological Administrative Districts Polygon DOE n/a unavailableUrban Clusters Polygon US Census No https://www.hifldwg.org/hsip.aspUrbanized Area Polygon US Census No https://www.hifldwg.org/hsip.aspUS Fish and Wildlife Service Lands Polygon DOI/USFWS n/a unavailable

Appendices



Team

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Conservation Areas

Endangered/Protected Species Habitat Areas Polygon DOI/USFWS (States, Natureserve)

n/a http://criticalhabitat.fws.gov/

Endangered/Protected Species Habitats Point DOI/USFWS (States, Natureserve)

n/a http://criticalhabitat.fws.gov/

Migratory Bird Paths Polygon DOI/USFWS n/a http://mbdcapps.fws.gov/National Fire Plan – Hazardous Fuels Reduction Program

Polygon DOI (USDA) n/a http://www.nationalatlas.gov/atlasftp.html#firplnp

Wildlife Refuges Polygon DOI/USFWS (State/Local)

n/a http://www.fws.gov/data/Cadastral.htm

Elevation

Digital Terrain Elevation Data (DTED) Level 2 (30M POST)

Grid NGA n/a unavailable

Gulf Depth Contours Polygon NOAA n/a http://geo-nsdi.er.usgs.gov/metadata/open-file/00-19/bathy-contour.faq.html#getacopy

LIDAR - Building Feature Extraction Data Grid NGA n/a unavailableLIDAR - Data (1M POST) Grid NGA (DoD/USACE,

USGS)n/a unavailable

National Elevation Data set (NED) (10-30M POST) Grid USGS n/a http://ned.usgs.gov/North American Bathymetry Grid NOAA n/a unavailableUSA 10 Meter Elevation Grid USGS n/a http://seamless.usgs.gov/index.php

Geonames

Concise Features Point USGS/GNIS No http://geonames.usgs.gov/domestic/download_data.htmGovernment Units Point USGS/GNIS No http://geonames.usgs.gov/domestic/download_data.htmHistorical Features Point USGS/GNIS No http://geonames.usgs.gov/domestic/download_data.htmPlace Names (GNIS) Point USGS/GNIS No http://geonames.usgs.gov/domestic/download_data.htmPopulated Places Point USGS/GNIS No https://www.hifldwg.org/hsip.asp

Land

Land Cover (200M RES) Polygon USGS n/a http://www.nationalatlas.gov/atlasftp.html#lancoviNative Lands Polygon DOI/BIA No https://www.hifldwg.org/hsip.aspSoil Polygon USGS (NRCS, States) n/a http://soildatamart.nrcs.usda.gov/Wetlands Polygon DOI/USFWS n/a http://www.fws.gov/wetlands/Data/Mapper.html

Non-Political Boundaries

Time Zones (GMT) Polygon USGS n/a http://www-atlas.usgs.gov/atlasftp.html#timeznpWatershed Polyline USGS National Atlas No https://www.hifldwg.org/hsip.aspWatershed Areas Polygon USGS National Atlas No https://www.hifldwg.org/hsip.asp

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Team

Mem

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NO

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Capabilities

PPD-8

Mission A

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atastrophicD

isastersA

ppendices


Political Boundaries

Cities Polygon USGS n/a unavailableCity Civil Divisions Polygon USGS Yes https://www.hifldwg.org/hsip.aspHSIP Urbanized Areas Polygon NGA n/a http://www-atlas.usgs.gov/atlasftp.html#urbanapPopulated Place Boundaries Polygon USGS n/a http://www-atlas.usgs.gov/atlasftp-na.html#pop000xUrban Area Security Initiative 2005 Cities Polygon DHS n/a http://www.dhs.gov/xlibrary/assets/UASI_FY04_

Allocations.docUS Congressional Districts (110th) Polygon US Census n/a unavailableUS Counties Polygon USGS n/a http://www.nationalatlas.gov/natlas/Natlasstart.aspUS States Polygon USGS/NTAD No https://www.hifldwg.org/hsip.aspUS Territories and Possessions Polygon USGS n/a unavailable

Raster Maps

Compressed ARC Digitized Raster Graphics (CADRG)

Raster NGA n/a unavailable

FAA Digital Aeronautical Chart Raster FAA n/a unavailableNOAA Raster Navigational Charts Raster NOAA n/a http://www.nauticalcharts.noaa.gov/mcd/Raster/index.

htmUSGS 1:100,000 DRG Raster USGS n/a http://topomaps.usgs.gov/drg/drg_name.htmlUSGS 1:20,000 DRG Raster USGS n/a http://topomaps.usgs.gov/drg/drg_name.htmlUSGS 1:24,000 DRG Raster USGS n/a http://edc2.usgs.gov/geodata/samples.phpUSGS 1:25,000 DRG Raster USGS n/a http://topomaps.usgs.gov/drg/drg_name.htmlUSGS 1:250,000 DRG Raster USGS n/a http://topomaps.usgs.gov/drg/drg_name.htmlUSGS 1:30,000 DRG Raster USGS n/a http://topomaps.usgs.gov/drg/drg_name.htmlUSGS 1:63,360 DRG Raster USGS n/a http://topomaps.usgs.gov/drg/drg_name.html

Residential

Apartments Point FEMA n/a http://www.mapdex.org/search/search.cfm?layerkeyword=apartments&tab=lyr&type=lyr

Mobile Home Park Points Point FEMA n/a unavailableMobile Home Parks Polygon FEMA n/a http://www.mapdex.org/search/search.

cfm?layerkeyword=mobile home parks&tab=lyr&type=lyrMulti Family Residences Point FEMA n/a unavailable

VideoExit Video Video DHS n/a unavailableVideo Logs Video DHS n/a unavailable

Cadastre

Property Ownership

Property Boundaries Polygon USGS (Local Assessor, FEMA (MapMod), AGI)

n/a http://www-atlas.usgs.gov/boundaries.html

Structure Points Point USGS (Local Assessor, FEMA (MapMod), AGI)

n/a unavailable

Chemical and Hazardous Materials

Manufacturing Facilities

Canada/Mexico Chemical Plants Point Dept of State (EPA) n/a unavailableChemical Plants - Canadian Point Dept of State n/a unavailableChemicals Industries Point EPA Yes https://www.hifldwg.org/hsip.aspFacilities with Response Plans Point EPA Yes https://www.hifldwg.org/hsip.aspFacilities with Risk Management Programs Point EPA Yes https://www.hifldwg.org/hsip.asp

Appendices



Team

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Sub Category Theme Type POC Restrictions URLRelease Toxics Release Inventory Point EPA Yes https://www.hifldwg.org/hsip.asp

Storage

Chemical Munitions Storage Sites Point DoD/FEMA n/a unavailableHazardous Waste Handlers Point EPA n/a http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/gis/search/datainfo.

php?datasetid=2528_HAZUSmh1RCRA Hazardous Waste Point EPA Yes https://www.hifldwg.org/hsip.asp

Superfund Sites Superfund Sites (NPL) Point EPA Yes https://www.hifldwg.org/hsip.aspTransportation Hazmat Routes Polyline DOT/NTAD No http://www.bts.gov/publications/north_american_

transportation_atlas_data/Commercial Assets

Industry

Coal Fields Polygon USGS (DOE) n/a http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1997/ofr-97-0461/Coal Marine Terminals Point DOE n/a unavailableCommercial Building Construction Companies Point DoD/USACE n/a unavailableCommercial Road Construction Companies Point DOT n/a unavailableDebris Removal and Disposal Companies Point DoD/USACE n/a unavailableMetal Manufacturing Point DOC n/a unavailableNonferrous Metal Processing Plants Point USGS No https://www.hifldwg.org/hsip.aspRefractive Abrasive and Other Industrial Mineral Operations

Point USGS n/a http://tin.er.usgs.gov/mrds/

Salvage Companies Point DHS/USCG n/a unavailableSand and Gravel Operations Point USGS n/a http://www.nationalatlas.gov/mld/sndgrvx.htmlTall Commercial Buildings Point DHS (FEMA HAZUS,

EMPORIS)n/a unavailable

Textile Manufacturing Point DOC n/a unavailableTrailer Production and Storage Point FEMA n/a unavailable

LodgingCampgrounds and RV Parks Point FEMA (BLM, USFS,

USFWS, DoD/USACE)n/a unavailable

Hotels and Motels Point FEMA Yes https://www.hifldwg.org/hsip.asp

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Mission A

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Manufacturing

Armament Manufacturing Point DoD Yes https://www.hifldwg.org/hsip.aspGeneral Manufacturing Point TGI (Dept of

Commerce)Yes https://www.hifldwg.org/hsip.asp

Steel Plants Point TGI (Dept of Commerce)

Yes https://www.hifldwg.org/hsip.asp

Textile Plants Point TGI (Dept of Commerce)


Mining

Agricultural Minerals Operations Point USGS No https://www.hifldwg.org/hsip.asphttps://www.hifldwg.org/hsip.asp

Coal Fields US Point USGS (DOE) No https://www.hifldwg.org/hsip.aspConstruction Minerals Operations Point USGS No https://www.hifldwg.org/hsip.aspCrushed Stone Operations - US Point USGS No https://www.hifldwg.org/hsip.aspFerrous Metal Mines Point USGS (DOL/MSHA) No https://www.hifldwg.org/hsip.aspFerrous Metal Processing Plants Point USGS No https://www.hifldwg.org/hsip.aspMines Manufacturing Point TGI (DOC) Yes https://www.hifldwg.org/hsip.aspMining Industrial Manufacturing Point TGI (DOC) Yes https://www.hifldwg.org/hsip.aspMiscellaneous Industrial Mineral Operations Point USGS No https://www.hifldwg.org/hsip.aspNonferrous Metal Mines Point USGS (DOL/MSHA) No https://www.hifldwg.org/hsip.aspRefract Abrasive Other Ind Mineral Operations Point USGS No https://www.hifldwg.org/hsip.aspSand Gravel Operations - US Point USGS No https://www.hifldwg.org/hsip.asphttps://www.hifldwg.

org/hsip.aspUranium, Radium, and Vanadium Operations Point Dun & Bradstreet (DOE) Yes https://www.hifldwg.org/hsip.asp

Appendices



Team

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Public Venues

Amphitheaters Point USGS/GNIS n/a unavailableAmusement, Theme, and Water Parks Point DHS n/a unavailableBowl Game Locations Point NGA-PMHP No https://www.hifldwg.org/hsip.aspCommunity Parks Point USGS/GNIS n/a http://www.nps.gov/findapark/index.htm#Convention Centers Point USGS/GNIS Yes https://www.hifldwg.org/hsip.aspCruise Line Terminals Point DHS No https://www.hifldwg.org/hsip.aspGambling Facilities/Resorts Point DOC n/a unavailableGolf Courses Polygon Navteq (USGS/GNIS) Yes https://www.hifldwg.org/hsip.asphttps://www.hifldwg.

org/hsip.aspHouses Of Worship Point USGS/GNIS No https://www.hifldwg.org/hsip.aspMosques Point TGI (IONIC/MCH) Yes https://www.hifldwg.org/hsip.aspMovie Theaters Point DOC n/a unavailableMuseums Point Navteq (USGS/GNIS) Yes https://www.hifldwg.org/hsip.aspParks Point Navteq (USGS) Yes https://www.hifldwg.org/hsip.aspPerforming Arts Centers and Auditoriums Point DHS n/a unavailableRacetracks Motor Point USGS/GNIS n/a unavailableRaceways - Busch Series Point NGA-PMHP No https://www.hifldwg.org/hsip.aspRaceways - Craftsman Truck Series Point NGA-PMHP No https://www.hifldwg.org/hsip.aspRaceways - NASCAR Point NGA-PMHP No https://www.hifldwg.org/hsip.aspReligious Organization Facilities Point IRS n/a unavailableSports Arenas Point NGA-PHMP n/a https://www.hifldwg.org/hsip.aspSports Complex Park Point Navteq (USGS/GNIS) Yes https://www.hifldwg.org/hsip.aspStadiums Point NGA-PMHP No https://www.hifldwg.org/hsip.aspState Parks Point USGS n/a http://recreation.usgs.gov/state_parks.htmlTracks Horses Point NGA-PMHP No https://www.hifldwg.org/hsip.aspTracks IRL Point NGA-PMHP No https://www.hifldwg.org/hsip.aspZoos, Aquariums and Botanical Gardens Point USGS/GNIS n/a http://www.americanzoos.info/

Retail Facilities

Corporate Headquarters Point DOC Yes https://www.hifldwg.org/hsip.aspFirearms Retailers and Wholesalers Point ATF n/a unavailableMall Centers Point DOC Yes https://www.hifldwg.org/hsip.aspShopping Centers and Malls Point DOC n/a unavailable

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Mission A

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ppendices

Sub Category Theme Type POC Restrictions URLDams

Dams

Dam Hazard Areas Polygon DoD/USACE n/a unavailableDams Point DoD/USACE (FEMA

National Dam Safety Program)


Levees Polyline DoD/USACE n/a http://www.mapdex.org/search/search.cfm?layerkeyword=levees&tab=lyr&type=lyr

Defense Industrial BaseDefense Industrial Base

Defense Industrial Base (DIB) Facilities Polygon Defense Contract Management Agency

n/a unavailable

Emergency Services

American Red Cross

ARC Deployments Point ARC n/a unavailableBio-Med Division and Region Boundaries Polygon ARC n/a unavailableBio-Med Facilities Point ARC n/a unavailableFixed Communication Facilities Point ARC n/a unavailableNational Vehicle Fleet "Home" Locations Point ARC n/a unavailableRed Cross Point TGI (IONIC/MCH) Yes https://www.hifldwg.org/hsip.aspRed Cross Chapter HQs Point ARC No https://www.hifldwg.org/hsip.aspRed Cross Chapters Polygon ARC No https://www.hifldwg.org/hsip.aspService Area Boundaries Polygon ARC n/a unavailableState Service Delivery Area Boundaries Polygon ARC n/a unavailable


Evacuation Areas Polygon DOT n/a http://www.mapdex.org/search/search.cfm?layerkeyword=evacuation%20areas&tab=lyr&type=lyr

Evacuation Routes Point FEMA (State/Local) n/a http://www.ibiblio.org/rcip/evacuationroutes.html#sbsFederal Emergency Operations Centers Point FEMA n/a unavailableFEMA Debris Removal Metrics Polygon FEMA PA/USACE n/a unavailableFEMA Debris Volume Estimates Polygon FEMA PA/USACE n/a unavailableFEMA IA Applicants Point FEMA IA n/a unavailableFEMA IA Expedited Assistance Areas Polygon FEMA IA n/a unavailableFEMA NFIP Claims Polygon FEMA Mitigation n/a unavailableFEMA PA Applicant Locations Point FEMA PA n/a unavailableFEMA PA Deployed Assets Point FEMA PA n/a unavailableFEMA PA Project Locations Point FEMA PA n/a unavailableFEMA Region Boundaries Polygon FEMA Yes unavailableFEMA Regional Hqs Point FEMA Yes http://www.fema.gov/about/contact/index.shtmFEMA SAR Metrics Polygon FEMA n/a unavailableFEMA SAR Recovery Point FEMA n/a unavailableFEMA SAR Rescues Point FEMA n/a unavailableFEMA SAR Temporary Landing Zones Point FEMA n/a unavailable

Appendices



Team

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FEMA Search Grid (2 minute x 2 minute) Polygon FEMA n/a unavailableFEMA Search Grid (30 second x 30 second) Polygon FEMA n/a unavailableFEMA Search Management Sectors Polygon FEMA n/a unavailableFEMA US&R Search Status Polygon FEMA n/a unavailableFEMA US&R Search Targets Point FEMA n/a unavailableFEMA US&R Unsafe Areas Polygon FEMA n/a unavailableIce/Water Distribution Metrics Point DOD/USACE n/a unavailableIce/Water Model Estimates Polygon DOD/USACE n/a unavailableImage Library Footprints Polygon FEMA n/a http://www.fema.gov/about/photolibrary.shtmImagery Collection Paths (Aircraft) Polyline NOAA n/a unavailableImagery Collection Paths (Aircraft) Polyline FEMA n/a unavailableImagery Collection Paths (Motion Video) Polyline FEMA n/a unavailableImagery Collection Paths (Satellite) Polyline FEMA n/a unavailableIncident Declarations by Census Tract - Local Polygon FEMA (State/Local) n/a unavailableIncident Declarations by County - Local Polygon FEMA (State/Local) n/a http://www.fema.gov/news/disasters.femaIncident Declarations by State - Local Polygon FEMA (State/Local) n/a http://www.fema.gov/news/disasters.femaLocal Emergency Management Hqs Point FEMA (State/Local) n/a unavailableLocal EOCs Point FEMA (State/Local) n/a unavailableNational Shelter System Point FEMA n/a unavailableNDMS Federal Coordinating Centers Point FEMA n/a unavailableNICC Infrastructure of Concern (IOC) Point DHS/NICC n/a unavailableNOC Message Alert Location Point DHS/NOC n/a unavailablePatriot Report Area of Concern Polygon DHS/NICC n/a unavailablePresidential Disaster Declaration Areas Polygon FEMA n/a http://www.peripresdecusa.org/mainframe.htmPresidential Emergency Declaration Areas Polygon FEMA n/a unavailablePublic Safety Answering Points (PSAPs) - 911 Point FCC n/a unavailableQuick Look Area of Concern Polygon DHS/NICC n/a unavailableState Emergency Management Hqs Point FEMA (State/Local) n/a http://www.fema.gov/about/contact/statedr.shtmState EMS Directors Point FEMA (State/Local) n/a http://www.jems.com/resources/directory/State_EMS_

Directors.html


State EOCs Point FEMA (State/Local) No https://www.hifldwg.org/hsip.aspState Guard Joint Receiving Points Point NGB/State Guard n/a http://www.sgaus.org/State Guard Logistic Supply Points Point NGB/State Guard n/a http://www.sgaus.org/State Guard Staging Areas Point NGB/State Guard n/a http://www.sgaus.org/State Guard Unit Locations Point NGB/State Guard n/a http://www.sgaus.org/State Homeland Security Contact Point DHS (State/Local) n/a http://www.dhs.gov/xgovt/editorial_0291.shtmUS DOT Emergency Regional Transportation Center Point DOT n/a http://www.dot.gov/ost/oet/retco.htmlUS National Grid (10,000 km) Polygon DHS (NGA) n/a http://www.fgdc.gov/usngUSACE Division EOCs Point DoD/USACE n/a unavailable

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Team

Mem

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NO

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Capabilities

PPD-8

Mission A

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ppendices


Emergency Resources

Cot/Sleeping Bag/Blanket Storage Point FEMA n/a unavailableEmergency Food Supplies Point USDA n/a unavailableFEMA US&R Equipment Cache Locations Point FEMA n/a unavailableGenerator Placement Point DOD/USACE, FEMA n/a unavailableMine Equipment and Services Point MSHA/MEO n/a unavailableMobile Generator Storage Point FEMA (DoD/USACE,

DoD/DLA)n/a unavailable

Mobile Shower Facilities Point DOI/NIFC n/a unavailableNational Interagency Cache System Locations Point DOI/USFS n/a unavailableTarp/Plastic Sheeting Storage Point FEMA n/a unavailable

Fire

Community Fire Support Infrastructure Point USGS GeoMAC n/a unavailableFire Department Hqs Point FEMA (DHS/USFA,

State/Local)n/a https://www.usfa.dhs.gov/applications/feedback/index.

jspFire Locations - Historic Point DOI/NIFC n/a http://www.geomac.gov/Fire Retardant Storage Point DOI/NIFC n/a unavailableFire Service Boundary Areas Polygon DOI/NIFC n/a unavailableFire Stations Point TGI (DHS/USFA) Yes https://www.hifldwg.org/hsip.aspFirefighting Aviation Assets Point USGS GeoMAC n/a unavailableHMS Thermal Imagery - Historic Raster USGS GeoMAC n/a http://www.geomac.gov/MODIS Thermal Imagery - Historic Raster USGS GeoMAC n/a http://www.geomac.gov/Primary Fire Response Zone Polygon DOI/NIFC n/a unavailableSmoke Jumper Bases Point DOI/NIFC n/a unavailableState Fire Marshals Point DHS/USFA (DOI/NIFC,

State/Local)n/a http://www.ehso.com/firemarshalstate.php

Appendices



Team

M

embe

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Requ

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Law Enforcement

ATF Hqs/Offices Point ATF n/a http://www.atf.gov/field/index.htmCorrectional Facilities Point ATF Yes https://www.hifldwg.org/hsip.aspDEA Point ATF Yes https://www.hifldwg.org/hsip.aspDHS/ICE Point DHS Yes https://www.hifldwg.org/hsip.aspDOI/BIA Point DOI Yes https://www.hifldwg.org/hsip.aspDOI/BLM Point DOI Yes https://www.hifldwg.org/hsip.aspDOI/BOR Point DOI Yes https://www.hifldwg.org/hsip.aspDOI/FWS Point DOI Yes https://www.hifldwg.org/hsip.aspDOI/NPS Point DOI Yes https://www.hifldwg.org/hsip.aspExplosive Ordnance Disposal (EOD) Units Point DoD (Stare/Local) n/a http://www.eod.navy.mil/Locations.htmFBI Point TGI (FBI) Yes https://www.hifldwg.org/hsip.aspFBI Field Office District Boundaries Polygon NGA-PMH (FBI) Yes https://www.hifldwg.org/hsip.aspFBI Field Office Locations (SAC) Point FBI Yes https://www.hifldwg.org/hsip.aspFBI Resident Agency (RA) District Boundaries Polygon FBI Yes https://www.hifldwg.org/hsip.aspFBI Resident Agency (RA) Office Locations Point FBI Yes https://www.hifldwg.org/hsip.aspFederal Bureau of Prison Offices and Training Centers Point DOJ n/a unavailableFederal Bureau of Prisons Institutions Point DOJ n/a http://www.bop.gov/Law Enforcement Point ATF Yes https://www.hifldwg.org/hsip.aspLocal Police Point TGI (ATF) Yes https://www.hifldwg.org/hsip.aspMarine Emergency Units Point ATF (USCG, State/

Local)n/a unavailable

OBP Sectors Detailed Polygon DHS/CBP Yes https://www.hifldwg.org/hsip.aspOBP Sectors HQ Polygon DHS/CBP Yes https://www.hifldwg.org/hsip.aspOBP Stations Point DHS/CBP Yes https://www.hifldwg.org/hsip.aspProbation and Parole Offices Point DOJ n/a unavailableState Drug Offices Point DHHS n/a unavailableState Police Point TGI (ATF) Yes https://www.hifldwg.org/hsip.aspUniversity Police Point TGI (ATF) Yes https://www.hifldwg.org/hsip.aspUS Customs Point TGI (DHS/CBP) Yes https://www.hifldwg.org/hsip.aspUS Fish and Wildlife Point TGI (DOI/USFWS) Yes https://www.hifldwg.org/hsip.aspUS Marshals Districts Polygon US Marshals n/a http://www.usmarshals.gov/district/index.htmlUS Marshals Offices Point TGI (US MARSHALS) Yes https://www.hifldwg.org/hsip.aspUS Park Police Point TGI (US Park Police) Yes https://www.hifldwg.org/hsip.aspUS Secret Service Point TGI (US Seceret Service) Yes https://www.hifldwg.org/hsip.asp

Rescue and Emergency Medical Services

Ambulance Providers Point DHHS n/a http://www.cms.hhs.gov/RegionalOffices/99_RegionalMap.asp#TopOfPage

Armed Forces Reserve Medical Units Point DoD (NGB) n/a unavailableDOD Air/Medivac Assets Point DoD (AAMS ADAMS) n/a unavailableEmergency Shelters Point ARC n/a unavailableEMS Facilities Point TGI, IONIC/MCH

(DHHS, DHS, Navteq)Yes https://www.hifldwg.org/hsip.asp

EMS Operation Stations Point DHHS n/a unavailable

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Sub Category Theme Type POC Restrictions URLEnergy

Electricity

Electric Control Center Point Global Energy Decisions (DOE)


Electric Distribution Lines Polyline DOE (State/Local, Global Energy Decisions)

n/a unavailable

Electric Generating Units Point Global Energy Decisions (DOE)


Electric Holding Area Point DOE n/a unavailableElectric Power Plants Point Global Energy Decisions

(DOE)Yes https://www.hifldwg.org/hsip.asp

Electric Service Territories Polygon Global Energy Decisions (DOE)


Electric Sub Stations Point Global Energy Decisions (DOE)


Electric Transmission Lines Polyline Global Energy Decisions (DOE)


Energy Control Areas Polygon DOE n/a unavailableEst Planning Areas Polygon DOE n/a unavailableFlowgates Lines Polyline Global Energy Decisions


Flowgates Points Point Global Energy Decisions (DOE)


Power Plants Point DOE n/a http://www.nucleartourist.com/us/us-plant.htm#USMap

Substations Point DOE n/a unavailableTransmission Lines Polyline DOE n/a unavailableWind Fields Polygon DOE n/a unavailable

Appendices



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Natural Gas

LNG Exporting Terminals Point DOE n/a unavailableLNG Facilities Point DOE n/a unavailableLNG Import Terminals Point DOE n/a http://www.ferc.gov/industries/lng/indus-act/terminals/

exist-term.aspLNG Pipeline Interconnections Point DOT/NPMS n/a http://www.npms.phmsa.dot.gov/application.

asp?tact=pimma&page=pimma/about_pimma.htmLNG Pipelines Polyline DOT/NPMS n/a http://www.npms.phmsa.dot.gov/application.

asp?tact=pimma&page=pimma/about_pimma.htmLNG Processing Plant Point DOE n/a unavailableNatural Distribution Lines Polyline DOE n/a unavailableNatural Gas City Gates Point DOE n/a unavailableNatural Gas Markets Polygon DOE n/a http://www.ferc.gov/market-oversight/mkt-gas/

overview.aspNatural Gas Pipeline Interconnections Point DOT/NPMS n/a http://www.npms.phmsa.dot.gov/application.

asp?tact=pimma&page=pimma/about_pimma.htmNatural Gas Pipelines Polyline DOT/NPMS n/a http://www.npms.phmsa.dot.gov/application.

asp?tact=pimma&page=pimma/about_pimma.htmNatural Gas Processing Plant Point DOE n/a unavailableNatural Gas Storage Point Global Energy Decisions


Natural Gas Underground Storage Point DOE n/a http://www.ferc.gov/industries/gas/indus-act/storage.asp

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Petroleum

Biodiesel Production Point DOE (DHS) No https://www.hifldwg.org/hsip.aspBulk Fuel Terminals/Tank Farms Point DOE (IRS) n/a unavailableCompressor/Pump Stations Point EPA n/a unavailableEthanol Plants Point DOE n/a unavailableGas Stations Point Navteq (DOE) Yes https://www.hifldwg.org/hsip.aspGulf Platforms Point DOE n/a http://www.gomr.mms.gov/homepg/pubinfo/repcat/

arcinfo/index.htmlGulf Shipping Fairways Polygon DHS/USCG n/a http://www.gomr.mms.gov/homepg/pubinfo/repcat/

arcinfo/index.htmlIndependent System Operators Point Global Energy Decisions


Lube/Oil/Grease Plants Point Dun & Bradstreet (DOE) Yes https://www.hifldwg.org/hsip.aspMotor Vehicle Fuel Terminals Point DOE n/a unavailableOffshore Interconnect Points Point DOT/NPMS n/a http://www.gomr.mms.gov/homepg/pubinfo/repcat/

arcinfo/index.htmlOffshore Pipelines Polyline DOT/NPMS n/a http://www.gomr.mms.gov/homepg/pubinfo/repcat/

arcinfo/index.htmlOil Pipelines Polyline DOT/NPMS n/a http://www.npms.phmsa.dot.gov/application.

asp?tact=pimma&page=pimma/about_pimma.htmOil Refineries Point DOE n/a http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/security/Oil/refineries.

htmlOil Terminals Point TGI (DOE) Yes https://www.hifldwg.org/hsip.aspOil/Gas Facilities Point PennWell MAPSearch


Oil/Gas Pipelines Polyline PennWell MAPSearch (DOE, DOT/NPMS)


Oil/Gas Platforms Point DOE n/a unavailablePacific Platforms Point DOE (MMS) Yes https://www.hifldwg.org/hsip.aspPetroleum Storage - Tank Farms Point DOE n/a unavailablePetroleum Storage - Underground Point DOE n/a unavailablePipeline Interconnects Point PennWell MAPSearch (DOE) Yes https://www.hifldwg.org/hsip.aspPropane Locations Point DHS No https://www.hifldwg.org/hsip.aspRefineries Point NGA-PMHP (DOE) No https://www.hifldwg.org/hsip.aspStrategic Petroleum Reserves Point TGI (DOE) Yes https://www.hifldwg.org/hsip.aspUS Oil/Gas Wells Point TGI (DOE, USGS, State/

Local)Yes https://www.hifldwg.org/hsip.asp

Regulatory, Oversight and Industry

Energy Control Area Polygon Global Energy Decisions (DOE)


FERC Region Polygon Global Energy Decisions (DOE)


NERC Region Polygon Global Energy Decisions (DOE)


NERC Reliability Coordinators Point NERC (DOE) n/a http://www.nerc.com/page.php?cid=1|7|128NERC Subregion Polygon Global Energy Decisions


State Utility Commissions - Energy Point DOE (State/Local) n/a http://www.naruc.org/commissions.cfm

Appendices



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Sub Category Theme Type POC Restrictions URLEvent Impact

Animal Impact Causalities-Animal Polygon CDC n/a unavailable


Bridge/Tunnel Damage Point ESF n/a unavailableCommercial Building Damage Polyline FEMA (State/Local

EOC)n/a unavailable

Communications Damage Point ESF n/a unavailableGas Distribution Damage Point ESF n/a unavailableGovernment Building Damage Polyline FEMA (State/Local

EOC)n/a unavailable

Hospitals/Medical Damage Point ESF n/a unavailableNOC Sweat Model Polygon DHS/NOC n/a unavailablePower Supply Damage Point ESF n/a unavailableResidential Building Damage Polyline FEMA (State/Local

EOC)n/a unavailable

Road Damage Polyline FEMA (State/Local EOC)

n/a unavailable

Evacuation

Evacuation Targets/Status Point FEMA (State) n/a unavailableEvacuation Tracking - Special Needs Point FEMA (State) n/a unavailableEvacuee Reception Point FEMA n/a unavailableFederal Medical Shelters Point VA n/a unavailableHurricane Evacuation Routes Polyline FEMA n/a http://www.mapdex.org/search/search.

cfm?layerkeyword=hurricane evacuation routes&tab=lyr&type=lyr

Mandatory Evacuation - State/Local Polygon FEMA (State/Local EOC)

n/a unavailable

NRC Evacuation Shelters/Reception Centers Point NRC n/a unavailablePatient Reception Point VA n/a unavailableQuarantine Areas Polygon DHHS n/a http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dq/quarantine_stations.htmVeteran Locations Point VA n/a unavailableVeteran Patient Tracking Point VA n/a unavailable

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ppendices


Event Location

Arms, Ammunition, and Explosive Event Point DoD/TRANSCOM n/a unavailableBurn Extents-Imagery Derived Polygon USGS n/a unavailableBurned Areas Polygon USGS n/a http://burnseverity.cr.usgs.gov/download_data.phpChemical Release Point EPA n/a unavailableCoastal Flooding Polygon USGS n/a http://www.weather.gov/oh/hic/flooding.shtmlContamination Attack Polygon DHS/NOC n/a unavailableCyber Attack Point DHS/NOC n/a unavailableDamaged Areas (Report Derived) Polygon FEMA, JOC, State n/a unavailableDebris Flows Polygon USGS n/a unavailableDebris Locations Polygon USGS n/a http://www.mapdex.org/search/search.

cfm?layerkeyword=debris locations&tab=lyr&type=lyrDisease Impacts Polygon CDC n/a unavailableEarthquake Damage-Field Reported Liquefaction Polygon USGS n/a http://earthquake.usgs.gov/research/Earthquake Damage-Field Reports Polygon USGS n/a http://earthquake.usgs.gov/research/Earthquake Damage-Reported (Did you feel it) Polygon USGS n/a unavailableEarthquake Epicenter Point USGS n/a http://earthquake.usgs.gov/research/topics.

php?areaID=13Earthquake Impact-Measured (MMI) Polygon USGS n/a unavailableExplosive Detonation Point FEMA (State/Local EOC) n/a unavailable

Appendices



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Event Location

FEMA IMAT Reports Polygon FEMA n/a http://www.fema.gov/rebuild/mat/mat_reprts.shtmFEMA Windfields Polygon FEMA, NOAA, DOE n/a unavailableFire Locations Point DOI/NIFC n/a http://www.mapdex.org/search/search.

cfm?layerkeyword=fire locations&tab=lyr&type=lyrFire Origins - Active Point DOI/NIFC n/a http://activefiremaps.fs.fed.us/lg_fire2.phpFire Perimeters Polygon DOI/NIFC n/a http://www.mapdex.org/search/search.

cfm?layerkeyword=fire perimeters&tab=lyr&type=lyrFlood Extents-Imagery Derived Polygon FEMA n/a unavailableFlood-Fight Measures Polygon FEMA n/a unavailableHigh Water Depth Polygon FEMA Mitigation n/a http://water.usgs.gov/waterwatch/High Water Grid Grid FEMA Mitigation n/a unavailableHigh Water Marks Point FEMA Mitigation/USGS n/a http://www.mapdex.org/search/search.

cfm?layerkeyword=high water marks&tab=lyr&type=lyr

HMS Thermal Imagery Raster USGS GeoMAC n/a http://www.geomac.gov/Imagery Derived Products (Areas) Polygon FEMA (NGA) n/a unavailableImagery Derived Products (Targets) Point FEMA n/a unavailableImagery Post-Event (Aircraft) Raster FEMA n/a unavailableImagery Post-Event (Motion Video) Video FEMA n/a unavailableImagery Post-Event (Satellite) Raster FEMA n/a unavailableMarine Hazards Polygon NOAA n/a unavailableMODIS Thermal Imagery Raster USGS GeoMAC n/a http://www.geomac.gov/Oil Spill Locations Polygon NOAA n/a http://library.thinkquest.org/C004218/OilLoc.htmPhysical Attack Point DHS/NOC n/a unavailableRed Cross Inspections Point ARC n/a unavailableRed/Yellow Tag Reports Point FEMA/State n/a unavailableResidential Damage-Imagery Derived Polygon FEMA n/a unavailableRoof Damage - Imagery Derived Polygon DOD/USACE, FEMA n/a unavailableSBA Applicants Point SBA n/a unavailableStorm Tracks Polygon NOAA/NWS n/a http://www.stormtracker.noaa.gov/Tornado Touchdown - Current Point NOAA n/a unavailableTsunami Damage Polygon NOAA n/a http://www.mapdex.org/search/search.

cfm?layerkeyword=tsunami damage&tab=lyr&type=lyr

Event Location

Volcano Damage-Field Reports Point USGS n/a unavailableWildfire Damage-Field Reports Polygon USGS n/a unavailableWildfire Induced Hazards Polygon USGS n/a unavailableWildfire Perimeters (GeoMAC) Polygon USGS n/a http://www.geomac.gov/viewer/viewer.htm

Impacted Area

911 Telephone Outage Emergency (TOE) Polygon FCC (State/Local) n/a unavailableEarthquake Modified Mercalli Intensity (MMI) Polygon USGS n/a unavailableEarthquake Shake Intensity Polygon USGS n/a http://earthquake.usgs.gov/eqcenter/eqarchives/ or http://

earthquake.usgs.gov/eqcenter/shakemap/

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Sub Category Theme Type POC Restrictions URLImpact-Human Causalities-Human Point FEMA (CDC, State/

Local)n/a unavailable

Modeling

CBRN Model Predictions: DOE Temporary Emergency Exposure Limits (TEEL)

Polygon IMAAC n/a unavailable

CBRN Model Predictions: Emergency Response Planning Guidelines (ERPG)


CBRN Model Predictions: EPA Protective Action Guidelines (PAG)

Polygon IMAAC n/a http://www.epa.gov/rpdweb00/rert/pags.html

CBRN Model Predictions: SEPA Acute Emergency Guideline Levels (AEGL)


CBRN Model Predictions: Time Integrated Air Concentrations


CBRN Model Predictions: USDA/FDA Derived Intervention Levels (DIL)


Earthquake Damage-Modeled Polygon USGS n/a http://earthquake.usgs.gov/Earthquake Impact-Modeled Liquefaction Polygon USGS n/a unavailableModel Input - CATS Text DTRA n/a unavailableModel Input - HAZUS Text FEMA n/a unavailableModel Input - HPAC Text DTRA n/a unavailableModel Input - HURREVAC Text FEMA n/a unavailableModel Input - IMAAC Text IMAAC n/a unavailableModel Input - NISAC Text DHS n/a unavailableModeled Impacts - CATS Polygon DTRA n/a unavailableModeled Impacts - HAZUS Polygon FEMA n/a unavailableModeled Impacts - HPAC Polygon DTRA n/a unavailableModeled Impacts - HURREVAC Polygon National Hurricane

Centern/a http://www.fema.gov/plan/prevent/nhp/hurrevac.shtm

Modeled Impacts - IMAAC Polygon IMAAC n/a unavailableModeled Impacts - NISAC Polygon DHS n/a unavailableModeled Impacts - SLOSH Polygon FEMA, USACE, NWS n/a unavailableModeled Impacts - Surge (SLOSH) Polygon FEMA, USACE, NWS n/a unavailableModeled Impacts - USACE Debris Polygon DOD/USACE n/a unavailableModeled Impacts - VMWG Polygon DOE n/a unavailableModeled Losses - CATS Polygon DHS n/a unavailableModeled Losses - HAZUS Polygon FEMA n/a unavailableModeled Losses - NISAC Polygon DHS n/a unavailablePlume Analysis Point IMAAC n/a unavailableRadiological Hazard Warning (RHW) Point NRC (FCC) n/a unavailableRadiological Hazard Warning (RHW) Point NRC (FCC) n/a unavailable

Modeling ShakeMap Pager Point USGS n/a http://earthquake.usgs.gov/eqcenter/shakemap/Volcano Damage-Modeled Polygon USGS n/a http://volcanoes.usgs.gov/Wildfire Damage-Modeled Polygon USGS n/a unavailable


DoDJTF Joint Operations Center Point NORTHCOM/PACOM n/a unavailableJTF Joint Operations Center (State) Point NGB n/a unavailable

Appendices



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FEMA

Area Command/Unified Area Command Post Point FEMA n/a unavailable

Disaster Recovery Center (DRC) Point FEMA n/a unavailableFederal Operational Staging Areas (FOSAS) Point FEMA n/a unavailableFEMA Mobilization Centers and Staging Areas Point FEMA Yes https://www.hifldwg.org/hsip.aspIncident Command Post (ICP) Point FEMA n/a unavailableJoint Field Office (JFO) Point FEMA n/a unavailableJoint Information Center (JIC) Point FEMA n/a unavailablePoints of Distribution (POD) Sites Point FEMA (USACE, State

EOC)n/a unavailable

Regional Response Coordination Center (RRCC) Point FEMA n/a unavailableSatellite JFO Facilities Point FEMA n/a unavailableState Staging Areas Point FEMA n/a unavailable

NOAA Incident Meteorologist (IMETs) Point NOAA/NWS n/a unavailable

Government FacilitiesDefense Industrial Base

DOD Joint Task Force (JTF) HQ Point USNORTHCOM n/a http://www.northcom.mil/About/index.html

DHHSDHHS Facilities Point DHHS (VA) n/a unavailableDHHS Regional Offices Point DHHS (VA) n/a http://www.hhs.gov/about/regions/

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Mission A

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ppendices


DHS

CBP AMOC Bases Point DHS/CBP n/a unavailableCBP Border Patrol Offices Point DHS/CBP n/a unavailableCBP Border Patrol Sectors Polygon DHS/CBP n/a http://www.cbp.gov/xp/cgov/border_security/

border_patrol/border_patrol_sectors/CBP Customs Management Centers Point DHS/CBP n/a unavailableCBP Ports of Entry Point DHS/CBP n/a http://www.cbp.gov/xp/cgov/toolbox/contacts/ports/CBP Press Offices Point DHS/CBP n/a http://www.cbp.gov/xp/cgov/newsroom/press_officers/FEMA Commercial Storage Sites Point FEMA n/a unavailableFEMA Logistics Centers Point FEMA n/a unavailableFPS Deployment Cities Point DHS/ICE/FPS n/a unavailableFPS Deployments Point DHS/ICE n/a unavailableFPS Offices Point DHS/ICE/FPS n/a http://www.ice.gov/about/news/contact.htmFPS Protected Buildings/Facilities Point DHS/ICE/FPS n/a unavailableFPS Service Regions Point DHS/ICE/FPS n/a http://www.ice.gov/about/fps/contact.htmICE Air & Maritime Interdiction Point DHS/ICE n/a unavailableICE Detention Facilities Point DHS/ICE n/a http://www.ice.gov/pi/dro/facilities.htmICE District Council Point DHS/ICE n/a unavailableICE Field Intelligence Point DHS/ICE n/a http://www.ice.gov/about/intel/contact.htmICE Immigration Courts Point DHS/ICE n/a http://www.justice.gov/eoir/sibpages/ICadr.

htm#ImmigrationICE Internal Affairs Field Offices Point DHS/ICE n/a unavailableICE Office of Investigations SAC Offices Point DHS/ICE n/a http://www.ice.gov/about/investigations/contact.htmICE Public Affairs Point DHS/ICE n/a http://www.ice.gov/about/news/contact.htmICE SPEC Facilities Point DHS/ICE n/a unavailablePSA Cities Point DHS n/a unavailablePSA District Boundaries Polygon DHS n/a unavailable

Appendices



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DHS

PSA District Counties Polygon DHS n/a unavailableTSA OCONUS Deployments Point DHS/TSA n/a unavailableTSA Offices/Assets Point DHS/TSA n/a unavailableTSA Organic Airport Assets Point DHS/TSA n/a unavailableUSCG Air Station Point DHS/USCG n/a http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/facility/uscg-air.

htmUSCG Area Command Hqs Point DHS/USCG n/a unavailableUSCG Canine Asset Home Bases Point DHS/USCG n/a unavailableUSCG Captain of the Port Jurisdictions Polygon DHS/USCG n/a unavailableUSCG District Command Hqs Point DHS/USCG n/a unavailableUSCG Districts Polygon DHS/USCG n/a http://www.uscg.mil/top/units/USCG Homeport/Base Assets Point DHS/USCG n/a unavailableUSCG Sectors Polygon DHS/USCG Yes https://www.hifldwg.org/hsip.aspUSCG Stations Point DHS/USCG n/a http://www.uscg.mil/history/Station_Index.aspUSCG Units Polygon DHS/USCG Yes https://www.hifldwg.org/hsip.aspUSCIS Districts Polygon DHS/USCIS n/a unavailableUSCIS Field Offices Point DHS/USCIS n/a https://egov.uscis.gov/crisgwi/go?action=offices.

type&OfficeLocator.office_type=LOUSCIS Regions Polygon DHS/USCIS n/a https://egov.uscis.gov/crisgwi/go?action=offices.

type&OfficeLocator.office_type=SCUSCIS Sub-Field Offices Point DHS/USCIS n/a https://egov.uscis.gov/crisgwi/go?action=offices.

type&OfficeLocator.office_type=SCUSSS Field Offices Point USSS n/a http://www.secretservice.gov/field_offices.shtml

DOEDOE Facilities Point DOE n/a http://www.energy.gov/contact/index.htmDOE Regions Polygon DOE n/a http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/reps/maps/us_census.

html

Educational Facilities

Colleges and Universities Point Dept of Education Yes https://www.hifldwg.org/hsip.aspFlight Schools Point Dun & Bradstreet (FAA) Yes https://www.hifldwg.org/hsip.aspSchools (K-12) Point Dept of Education Yes https://www.hifldwg.org/hsip.aspTrade, Vocational and other Post-Secondary Schools (Public & Private)

Point Dept of Education n/a unavailable

Foreign

Chanceries Point Dept of State n/a http://www.state.gov/s/cpr/rls/fco/fallwinter2/71015.htm

Consulates Point Dept of State n/a http://www.usembassy.gov/DC Chanceries/Embassies Point NGA-PMHP Yes https://www.hifldwg.org/hsip.aspDiplomatic Missions Offices Point NGA-PMHP Yes https://www.hifldwg.org/hsip.aspEmbassies Point Dept of State n/a http://www.usembassy.gov/

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GSA

Available Federal Office Space Point GSA n/a http://www.gsa.gov/Portal/gsa/ep/contentView.do?contentType=GSA_BASIC&contentId=12458

Federal Government Contracting Entities Point GSA (DoD) n/a unavailableGSA Facilities Point GSA n/a unavailableGSA Owned and Leased Buildings (PBS) Point GSA n/a unavailableSurplus Office Equipment/Office Supplies Point GSA n/a http://www.surplussales.gsa.gov/howto.cfm

Judicial Federal Judicial Districts Polygon DOJ n/a http://www.uscourts.gov/courtlinks/State Appellate Courts Point DOJ n/a unavailableUS Court of Appeals Point DOJ n/a http://www.uscourts.gov/courtlinks/US District Court Point DOJ n/a http://www.uscourts.gov/courtlinks/

Military Installations

Air National Guard Bases Polygon ARNG n/a unavailableANG Installation Areas Polygon USAF/GeoBase Yes https://www.hifldwg.org/hsip.aspANG Sites Point ANG Yes https://www.hifldwg.org/hsip.aspArmy Aviation Support Facilities (AASF) - USAR Polygon USAR n/a unavailableArmy Reserve Centers (AFRCs) Point DoD/USA GIS-R n/a unavailableARNG Combined Sup Maintenance Shop Point ARNG Yes https://www.hifldwg.org/hsip.aspARNG Field Maintenance Shop Point ARNG Yes https://www.hifldwg.org/hsip.aspARNG Man Area Train Equip Site Point ARNG Yes https://www.hifldwg.org/hsip.aspARNG Readiness and Res Center Point ARNG Yes https://www.hifldwg.org/hsip.aspARNG Training Centers Polygon ARNG Yes https://www.hifldwg.org/hsip.aspARNG Unit Training Equip Sites Point ARNG Yes https://www.hifldwg.org/hsip.aspAviation Facilities - ARNG Polygon ARNG Yes https://www.hifldwg.org/hsip.aspCivil Air Patrol (CAP) Facilities Point USAF n/a unavailableDefense Fuel Supply Points (DFSP) Point DoD/DLA (DESC) n/a unavailableDefense Logistics Agency (DLA) Facilities Polygon DoD/DLA n/a unavailableJoint Forces Headquarters Point NGB Yes https://www.hifldwg.org/hsip.aspJTF and Subordinate Task Force Hqs Point USNORTHCOM n/a http://www.northcom.mil/About/index.htmlMilitary Base Structure Report (BSR) Point DoD/DISDI Yes https://www.hifldwg.org/hsip.aspMilitary Bases Polygon Navteq (DoD/DISDI) Yes https://www.hifldwg.org/hsip.aspMilitary Installation Boundary Point DoD/DISDI Yes https://www.hifldwg.org/hsip.aspMilitary Ranges Polygon DoD/DISDI Yes https://www.hifldwg.org/hsip.aspUS Air Force Installations Polygon USAF/GeoBase n/a http://www.airforce.com/contact-us/base-locator/US Army Installations Polygon USA GIS-R n/a http://www.army.mil/info/organization/US Marine Corps Installations Polygon USMC/GeoFidelis n/a http://www.mcieast.usmc.milUS Navy Installations Polygon USN/GeoReadiness n/a http://www.army.com/resources/item/928US Navy Supervisor Salvage (NAVSUPSALV) Assets Point US NAVY n/a unavailable

Other Formerly Used Defense Sites Polygon DoD/USACE n/a https://environment.usace.army.mil/what_we_do/fuds/inventory/

Appendices



Team

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embe

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Sub Category Theme Type POC Restrictions URLOther Federal Agency

DOT Regions Polygon DOT n/a unavailableFDA Facilities Point FDA n/a unavailableUS Public Health Service (USPHS) Offices Point DHHS/USPHS n/a http://www.hhs.gov/about/USDA Facilities Point USDA n/a http://offices.sc.egov.usda.gov/locator/app

State/Local

County Seats Point USGS/GNIS n/a unavailableFusion Centers Point DHS Yes https://www.hifldwg.org/hsip.aspGovernors Mansions Point TGI (DHS, State) Yes https://www.hifldwg.org/hsip.aspLandfills Point EPA (State/Local) n/a unavailableLibraries Point Dun & Bradstreet (Dept

of Ed)Yes https://www.hifldwg.org/hsip.asp

Local City Council Districts Polygon DHS (State/Local) n/a unavailableLocal City Mayors Point DHS (State/Local) n/a unavailableLocal County Council Districts Polygon DHS (State/Local) n/a unavailableLocal Sanitation Department Facilities Point DHS (State/Local) n/a unavailableLocal Voting Districts (CENSUS) Polygon DHS (State/Local) n/a http://www.census.gov/geo/www/cob/vt2000.htmlRegional Councils of Governments Point DHS (State/Local) n/a unavailableState Capitols Point NGA-PMHP No https://www.hifldwg.org/hsip.aspState Governor Point DHS (State/Local) n/a http://www.globalcomputing.com/GovernorsContent.

htmState House Point DHS (State/Local) n/a unavailableState Senate Point DHS (State/Local) n/a http://www.senate.gov/pagelayout/senators/f_two_

sections_with_teasers/states.htm

USACEUSACE Districts Point DoD/USACE No https://www.hifldwg.org/hsip.aspUSACE Divisions Polygon DoD/USACE No https://www.hifldwg.org/hsip.aspUSACE Projects Point DoD/USACE n/a unavailable

Healthcare and Public Health

Direct Patient Healthcare

Ambulatory Healthcare Facilities Point DHHS n/a unavailableBone Marrow Centers Point National Cancer Institute n/a http://cancercenters.cancer.gov/cancer_centers/cancer-

centers-names.htmlBurn Beds Point American Burnbed

Associationn/a unavailable

Clinics Point HRSA n/a unavailableDOD Military Healthcare Facilities Point DoD/OASD n/a unavailableExtended Care Facilities Point DHHS n/a unavailableHealth Monitoring Results Polygon DHHS n/a unavailableHealth Practitioner Offices and Clinics Point DHHS n/a unavailableHospitals Point AHA, VA Yes https://www.hifldwg.org/hsip.aspHospitals - Psychiatric and Substance Abuse Point AHA n/a unavailableMedical Requirement Assessments Polygon DHHS n/a unavailableUrgent Care Point TGI, IONIC/MCH

(AHA)Yes https://www.hifldwg.org/hsip.asp

VA Healthcare Facilities Point VA n/a http://www2.va.gov/directory/guide/home.asp?isFlash=1 A

ppen

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s



Team

Mem

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Capabilities

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Mission A

reasD

isaster O

perationsC

atastrophicD

isastersA

ppendices


End-of-Life Facilities

Cemeteries and Crematories Point USGS GNIS, Veterans Administration


Coroners and Medical Examiners Offices Point DHHS (State/Local) n/a unavailableFuneral Home Services Point Dun & Bradstreet (DHHS,

State/Local)Yes https://www.hifldwg.org/hsip.asp

Mortuaries Point DHHS (State/Local) n/a unavailable

Health Supporting Facilities

Adult Day Care Facilities Point DHHS (State/Local) n/a unavailableAlcohol and Drug Facilities Point DHHS (State/Local) n/a unavailableBlood and Organ Banks Point DHHS Yes https://www.hifldwg.org/hsip.aspCancer Centers/Services Point DHHS n/a http://cancercenters.cancer.gov/cancer_centers/cancer-

centers-names.htmlDaycare Facilities Point DHHS Yes https://www.hifldwg.org/hsip.aspDiagnostic Imaging Centers Point DHHS n/a unavailableDiagnostic Laboratories Point DHHS n/a unavailableHome Health/Hospice Point DHHS n/a unavailableHomeless Shelters Point DHHS Yes https://www.hifldwg.org/hsip.aspMaster Caches Point VA n/a unavailableMedical Caches Point VA n/a unavailableMedical Supplies, Devices, and Equipment Distribution Facilities

Point DHHS n/a unavailable

National Laboratory Response Network (NLRN) Facilities

Point DHHS/CDC n/a unavailable

Nursing Homes Point DHHS Yes https://www.hifldwg.org/hsip.aspPharmaceutical Caches - VA Point VA n/a unavailablePharmaceutical Distributors Point FDA n/a unavailablePharmaceutical Manufacturing Facilities Point FDA n/a unavailablePharmaceutical Storage and Stockpile Point FDA n/a unavailablePharmacies Point FDA n/a unavailablePre-Planned Inoculation Sites Point DHHS (State/Local) n/a unavailableRenal Dialysis/Transplant Services Point DHHS n/a unavailableRetail Pharmacies Point DHHS n/a unavailableSenior Centers Point DHHS n/a unavailableSNS Reception and Storage Sites Point DHHS/CDC n/a unavailableStrategic National Stockpile (SNS) Sites Point DHHS/CDC n/a unavailableTissue Banks Point DHHS n/a http://www.aatb.org/content.asp?contentid=458

Public Health Agencies

Centers for Disease Control Point DHHS/CDC Yes https://www.hifldwg.org/hsip.aspHealthcare and Public Health Treatment Facilities, Agencies and Departments

Point DHHS n/a unavailable

Metropolitan Medical Response System (MMRS) Jurisdictions

Polygon FEMA n/a http://www.fema.gov/mmrs/jurisdictions.html

Public Health State/Local Point TGI, IONIC/MCH (DHHS)


Appendices



Team

M

embe

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&

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Sub Category Theme Type POC Restrictions URLImagery

High Resolution

Border Crossings Raster DHS/CBP n/a unavailableEPA ASPECT Raster EPA n/a unavailableFEMA LIDAR Raster FEMA n/a unavailableFEMA Radar Raster FEMA n/a unavailableHSIP Urbanized Areas (Imagery 1-2-FT RES) Raster NGA (USGS) n/a http://www.fsa.usda.gov/FSA/apfoapp?area=home&sub

ject=prog&topic=naiIKONOS/Quickbird/commercial airborne Raster USGS n/a http://www.mapdex.org/search/search.cfm?layerkeywor

d=ikonos&tab=lyr&type=lyrNOAA Coastal Shoreline Aerial Photography Raster NOAA/NOS n/a http://shoreline.noaa.gov/NOAA Thermal Raster NOAA n/a unavailablePost-Event Video Video DHS, NASA, DoD,

NGB, DOIn/a unavailable

Rail Photos Raster DOT/FRA (AAR) n/a unavailableTSA - Imagery Request Areas Raster DHS/TSA n/a unavailableUS Airport Imagery Raster FAA (DOT) n/a http://www.faa.gov/airports_airtraffic/airports/

airport_safety/airportdata_5010/USACE Blue-Roof Aerial Photography Raster DOD/USACE n/a unavailable

High Resolution Oblique

Urban Areas Raster USGS (Pictometry Inc., Grenman-Pederson Inc., Multivision USA)

n/a http://www.mapdex.org/search/search.cfm?layerkeyword=urban areas&tab=lyr&type=lyr

International Charter

Landsat/SPOT/IRS/Radarsat/Envisat/ALOS/SAC-C/CBERS2/DMC

Raster USGS n/a http://eros.usgs.gov/products/satellite/

Low Resolution

CONUS Imagery - Aerial/Satellite Raster USGS (NGA) n/a unavailableNational Agricultural Imagery Program (NAIP) (1-2m res)

Raster USDA n/a http://datagateway.nrcs.usda.gov/ (

National Orthoimagery Data set (1m res) Raster USGS n/a http://seamless.usgs.gov/index.phpPOES/GOES/MODIS/AQUA Raster NOAA, NASA n/a unavailableUSGS DOQQ 1m Raster USGS n/a http://seamless.usgs.gov/index.php

Mid Resolution Landsat/ASTER/Hyperion/ALI/AWIFS/LISS Raster USGS/NASA/USDA n/a http://eros.usgs.gov/products/satellite/Man-Made Hazards

Biological S&T Biowatch Point DHS n/a unavailableChemical EPA Air Sampling Stations Point EPA n/a unavailable

Emergency Warning

Civil Danger Warning (CDW) Point FCC (State/Local) n/a unavailableCivil Emergency Message (CEM) Polygon DHS (FCC) n/a unavailableEvacuation Immediate (EVI) Polygon FCC (State/Local) n/a unavailableHazardous Materials Warning (HMW) Polygon FCC (State/Local) n/a unavailableLaw Enforcement Warning (LEW) Polygon FCC (State/Local) n/a unavailableLocal Area Emergency (LAE) Point FCC (State/Local) n/a unavailableNuclear Power Plant Warning (NUW) Point NRC (FCC) n/a https://www.hifldwg.org/hsip.aspShelter in Place Warning (SPW) Polygon FCC (State/Local) n/a unavailable

App

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Team

Mem

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Capabilities

PPD-8

Mission A

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ppendices


Radiological

Radiation Detection Identifier Devices (RIID) Point DHS n/a unavailable

Radiation Detection Monitors (RPM) Point DHS n/a unavailableRadiation Detectors (PRD) Point DHS n/a unavailableRadiation Detectors~BTS PRD (PERS RAD DETECTOR) Point DHS n/a unavailable

Radiation Detectors~CBP Commercial (PORTAL) Point DHS/CBP n/a unavailableRadiation Detectors~CBP MAIL & ECCF (PORTAL) Point DHS/CBP n/a unavailableRadiation Detectors~CBP Pagers Point DHS/CBP n/a unavailableRadiation Detectors~CBP Personal Vehicles (PORTAL) Point DHS/CBP n/a unavailableRadiation Detectors~DOE Pager-s (ORAU) Point DOE n/a unavailableRadiation Detectors~EPA ERAMS - Air Particulate Point EPA (DHS) n/a unavailableRadiation Detectors~EPA ERAMS - Drinking Water Point EPA (DHS) n/a unavailableRadiation Detectors~EPA ERAMS - Milk Point EPA (DHS) n/a unavailableRadiation Detectors~EPA ERAMS - Precipitation Point EPA (DHS) n/a unavailableRadiation Detectors~FBI HRMS (Handheld RAD Monitor) Point FBI (DHS) n/a unavailable

Radiation Detectors~FBI HRMS At Bomb Squads Point FBI (DHS) n/a unavailableRadiation Detectors~FBI Pager-s Point FBI (DHS) n/a unavailableRadiation Detectors~FBI RADPACK Point FBI (DHS) n/a unavailableRadiation Detectors~NNSA Backpack - G Point DOE/NNSA (DHS) n/a unavailableRadiation Detectors~NNSA Backpack - G/N Point DOE/NNSA (DHS) n/a unavailableRadiation Detectors~NNSA Backpack - N Point DOE/NNSA (DHS) n/a unavailableRadiation Detectors~NNSA Briefcase - G Point DOE/NNSA (DHS) n/a unavailableRadiation Detectors~NNSA Briefcase - N Point DOE/NNSA (DHS) n/a unavailableRadiation Detectors~NNSA Mobile System - G Point DOE/NNSA (DHS) n/a unavailableRadiation Detectors~NNSA Mobile System - G/N Point DOE/NNSA (DHS) n/a unavailableRadiation Detectors~NNSA Mobile System - N Point DOE/NNSA (DHS) n/a unavailableRadiation Detectors~NNSA Pagers Point DOE/NNSA (DHS) n/a unavailableRadiation Identifiers~All Identifiers Point DHS n/a unavailableRadiation Identifiers~CBP RIID (LOW RES) Point DHS/CBP n/a unavailableRadiation Identifiers~FBI Civil Defense (LOW RES) Point FBI (DHS) n/a unavailableRadiation Identifiers~FBI GR-130 (LOW RES) Point FBI (DHS) n/a unavailableRadiation Identifiers~FBI GR-135 (LOW RES) Point FBI (DHS) n/a unavailableRadiation Identifiers~NNSA Handheld ID (LOW RES) Point DOE/NNSA (DHS) n/a unavailableRadiation Identifiers~NNSA HPGE (HI RES) Point DOE/NNSA (DHS) n/a unavailableRadiation Identifiers~NNSA NAI (LOW RES) Point DOE/NNSA (DHS) n/a unavailableRadiological Hazard Measurements (ACTUAL, NON-PREDICTIVE)

Point DOE/FRMAC n/a unavailable

X-Ray Capabilities

All X-Ray Point DHS n/a unavailable

Appendices



Team

M

embe

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eoC

ON

OPS

Requ

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Sub Category Theme Type POC Restrictions URLNational Monuments & Icons

Archeological Sites

Archeological Sites Point DOI n/a http://www.uark.edu/misc/aras/map.html

Business Fortune 1000 Company Headquarters Point DOC n/a unavailable

Industry Major Media Corporation Headquarters Point DHS n/a unavailableOil Company Corporate Headquarters Point DOE n/a unavailable

National Monuments & Icons

National Monuments and Icons Point DOI Yes https://www.hifldwg.org/hsip.aspNational Symbols Point Navteq (DOI) Yes https://www.hifldwg.org/hsip.aspTourist Attractions Point DOI Yes https://www.hifldwg.org/hsip.asp

Natural Hazards

Emergency Warning

Avalanche Warning (AVW) Polygon USGS (State/Local) n/a unavailableAvalanche Watch (AVA) Point USGS (State/Local) n/a unavailableBlizzard Warning (BZW) Area Polygon NOAA/NWS n/a http://www.spc.noaa.gov/products/wwa/Coastal Flood Warning (CFW) Area Polygon NOAA/NWS n/a http://www.spc.noaa.gov/products/wwa/Coastal Flood Watch (CFA) Area Polygon NOAA/NWS n/a http://www.spc.noaa.gov/products/wwa/Dust Storm Warning (DSW) Area Polygon NOAA/NWS n/a unavailableEarthquake Warning (EQW) Polygon USGS (FCC) n/a unavailableFire Warning (FRW) Polygon FCC (State/Local) n/a unavailableFlash Flood Warning (FFW) Area Polygon NOAA/NWS n/a http://www.spc.noaa.gov/products/wwa/Flash Flood Watch (FFA) Area Polygon NOAA/NWS n/a http://www.spc.noaa.gov/products/wwa/Flood Warning (FLW) Polygon NOAA/NWS n/a http://www.mapdex.org/search/search.

cfm?layerkeyword=flood warning&tab=lyr&type=lyrFlood Watch (FLA) Area Polygon NOAA/NWS n/a http://www.spc.noaa.gov/products/wwa/High Wind Warning (HWW) Area Polygon NOAA/NWS n/a http://www.spc.noaa.gov/products/wwa/High Wind Watch (HWA) Area Polygon NOAA/NWS n/a http://www.spc.noaa.gov/products/wwa/Hurricane Warning (HUW) Area Polygon NOAA/NWS n/a http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/Hurricane Watch (HUA) Area Polygon NOAA/NWS n/a http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/Severe Thunderstorm Warning (SVR) Area Polygon NOAA/NWS n/a http://www.spc.noaa.gov/products/wwa/Severe Thunderstorm Watch (SVA) Area Polygon NOAA/NWS n/a http://www.spc.noaa.gov/products/wwa/Special Marine Warning (SMW) Area Polygon NOAA/NWS n/a unavailableTornado Warning (TOR) Area Polygon NOAA/NWS n/a http://www.spc.noaa.gov/products/wwa/Tornado Watch (TOA) Area Polygon NOAA/NWS n/a http://www.spc.noaa.gov/products/wwa/Tropical Storm Warning (TRW) Area Polygon NOAA/NWS n/a http://www.spc.noaa.gov/products/wwa/Tropical Storm Watch (TRA) Area Polygon NOAA/NWS n/a http://www.spc.noaa.gov/products/wwa/Tsunami Warning (TSW) Area Polygon NOAA/NWS n/a http://www.prh.noaa.gov/ptwc/Tsunami Watch (TSA) Area Polygon NOAA/NWS n/a http://www.prh.noaa.gov/ptwc/Volcano Warning (VOW) Area Polygon USGS (FCC) n/a http://volcanoes.usgs.gov/Winter Storm Warning (WSW) Area Polygon NOAA/NWS n/a http://www.prh.noaa.gov/ptwc/Winter Storm Watch (WSA) Area Polygon NOAA/NWS n/a http://www.prh.noaa.gov/ptwc/

App

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Team

Mem

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Capabilities

PPD-8

Mission A

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perationsC

atastrophicD

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ppendices


Geologic

Earthquake Epicenters - Historic Point USGS/NEIC (USGS National Atlas)

n/a http://earthquake.usgs.gov/research/topics.php?areaID=13

Fault Point USGS National Atlas No https://www.hifldwg.org/hsip.aspFault Lines Polyline USGS National Atlas No https://www.hifldwg.org/hsip.aspLahars - Historic Polygon USGS n/a unavailableLahars - Prediction/Probability Polygon USGS n/a unavailableLandslide Susceptibility Polygon USGS n/a http://www.mapdex.org/search/

search.cfm?layerkeyword=landslide susceptibility&tab=lyr&type=lyr

Landslides - Historic Polygon USGS No https://www.hifldwg.org/hsip.aspSeismic Hazards Polygon USGS National Atlas No https://www.hifldwg.org/hsip.aspSurficial Sediment Sinkhole Susceptibility Polygon USGS n/a unavailableTsunami Hazard Area Polygon NOAA n/a unavailableTsunami Worldwide Point NOAA No https://www.hifldwg.org/hsip.aspVolcanoes Point USGS National Atlas No https://www.hifldwg.org/hsip.asp

Weather

Drought Monitoring Polygon USDA n/a http://www.drought.unl.edu/dm/monitor.htmlFloodplain - DFIRM Polygon FEMA n/a https://hazards.fema.gov/wps/portal/mapviewerFloodplain - Q3 Polygon FEMA n/a http://www.mapdex.org/search/search.

cfm?layerkeyword=floodplain Q3&tab=lyr&type=lyrHurricane Error Polygon NOAA n/a unavailableHurricane Forecasted Locations - Historic Polyline NOAA n/a http://nhc.boulder.noaa.gov/index.shtmlHurricane Forecasted Path - Historic Polyline NOAA n/a http://nhc.boulder.noaa.gov/index.shtmlHurricane Track - Current Polyline NOAA/NHC n/a http://www.mapdex.org/search/search.

cfm?layerkeyword=hurricane tracks&tab=lyr&type=lyrHurricane Tracks - Historic Polyline NOAA/NHC n/a http://www.mapdex.org/search/search.

cfm?layerkeyword=historic hurricane tracks&tab=lyr&type=lyr

Hurricane Wind Speeds - Historic Point NOAA/NHC n/a http://www.mapdex.org/search/search.cfm?layerkeyword=historic hurricane tracks&tab=lyr&type=lyr

Hurricane Windswath - Current Polygon NOAA n/a http://www.aoml.noaa.gov/hrd/data_sub/wind.html

National Digital Forecast Database (NDFD) Grid NOAA/NWS n/a http://www.nws.noaa.gov/ndfd/technical.htmNational Weather Service (NWS) Observation Stations

Point NOAA/NWS n/a unavailable

NEXRAD Radar Imagery (WSR-88D) Raster NOAA/NWS n/a http://radar.weather.gov/Nexrad Radar Locations Point NOAA/NWS n/a http://www.unidata.ucar.edu/maps/nexrad.htmlNOAA Weather Radio All Hazards (NWR) Transmitters

Point NOAA/NWS n/a http://www.nws.noaa.gov/nwr/nwrbro.htm

NWS Upper Air Stations Point NOAA/NWS n/a http://www.ua.nws.noaa.gov/dataqc.htmRainfall - Daily Point NOAA n/a http://precip.fsl.noaa.gov/beta/precip7.htmlRed Flag Warning (Wildfire) Polygon NOAA/NWS n/a http://fire.boi.noaa.gov/Remote Automated Weather Stations (RAWS) Point BLM n/a http://www.raws.dri.edu/River Gage Levels Point USGS n/a http://waterdata.usgs.gov/nwis/rtStorm Cells Polygon NOAA/NWS n/a http://www.nws.noaa.gov/

Appendices



Team

M

embe

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eoC

ON

OPS

Requ

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ents

&

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abili

ties

PPD

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Weather

Storm Corridor Polyline NOAA/NWS n/a http://www.nws.noaa.gov/Storm Surge Polygon NOAA/NHC n/a http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/HAW2/english/surge/slosh.

shtmlStorm Surge Prediction (SLOSH) Polygon NOAA/NHC n/a http://www.weather.gov/mdl/psurge/download.phpTornado Touchdown - Historic Point NOAA/NWS No https://www.hifldwg.org/hsip.asphttps://www.hifldwg.

org/hsip.aspTropical Cyclone Wind Speed Probabilities Polygon NOAA/NHC n/a http://www.spc.noaa.gov/products/wwa/Tropical Storms - Historic Polygon NOAA No https://www.hifldwg.org/hsip.aspWorld Wide Weather Conditions Polygon NOAA n/a http://www.worldweather.org/

Wildfire

Active Fire Origins Point DOI/NIFC n/a unavailableFire Detection Point USGS GeoMAC (MODIS

or AVHRR)n/a unavailable

Fire Perimeters - Historic Polygon DOI/NIFC (USGS GeoMAC)

n/a http://www.mapdex.org/search/search.cfm?layerkeyword=fire perimeters historic&tab=lyr&type=lyr

Fire Watch/Lookout Point NOAA/NWS n/a unavailableFire Weather Watch Polygon NOAA/NWS n/a http://forecast.weather.gov/wwamap/wwatxtget.

php?cwa=mqt&wwa=fire%20weather%20watchRed Flag Warnings Polygon NOAA/NWS n/a unavailable

Nuclear FacilitiesDeactivated Nuclear Facilities

Deactivated Nuclear Facilities Point NRC n/a unavailable

Nuclear Fuel Nuclear Fuel Point TGI (NRC) Yes https://www.hifldwg.org/hsip.asp

Nuclear Fuel Cycle Facilities

Fuel Fabrication Facilities Point NRC n/a http://www.nrc.gov/info-finder/materials/Uranium Mill Sites Point NRC n/a http://www.nrc.gov/info-finder/materials/uranium/Uranium Milling Facilities Point NRC n/a http://www.nrc.gov/info-finder/materials/Uranium Radium and Vandium Ores Point USGS n/a unavailable

Nuclear Materials Transport

Proposed Nuclear Waste Highway Routes Polyline NRC n/a http://www.state.nv.us/nucwaste/states/states.htmProposed Nuclear Waste Railroad Routes Polyline NRC n/a http://www.state.nv.us/nucwaste/states/states.htmWIPP Transnuranic Waste Routes Polyline DOE n/a http://www.wipp.energy.gov/routes.htm

Nuclear Power Plants

Nuclear Plants Point NGA-PMHP (NRC) Yes https://www.hifldwg.org/hsip.aspNuclear Power Facilities - Commercial Polygon NRC n/a http://www.nrc.gov/info-finder/materials/Nuclear Power Reactors - Commercial Point NRC n/a http://www.eia.doe.gov/cneaf/nuclear/page/

nuc_reactors/reactsum.html

Radioactive Waste Management

Nuclear Waste Sites Point NRC (DOE) n/a http://www.nrc.gov/waste.htmlSpent Fuel Storage Facilities Point NRC (DOE) n/a http://www.nrc.gov/waste/spent-fuel-storage/locations.

htmlTRU Waste Sites Point DOE n/a unavailable

App

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Team

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Capabilities

PPD-8

Mission A

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ppendices



Emergency Operations Facilities (EOF) Point NRC n/a unavailableEmergency Planning Zone (EPZ) Grids (2-, 5-,10-, 50-Mile)

Polygon NRC n/a http://www.mapdex.org/search/search.cfm?layerkeyword=epz&tab=lyr&type=lyr

Fuel Cycle Licensees Point NRC n/a http://www.nrc.gov/materials/fuel-cycle-fac/licensing.html

NRC Nuclear Material Licensees Locations (W/I Non-Agreement States)

Point NRC n/a unavailable

NRC Offices Point NRC n/a http://www.nrc.gov/about-nrc/locations.html#usmapNRC Regions Polygon NRC n/a http://www.nrc.gov/info-finder/region-state/Nuclear Emergency Evacuation Routes Polyline NRC n/a unavailableNuclear Material License Agreement States (34) Polygon NRC n/a http://www.nrc.gov/info-finder/materials/#state-listNuclear Material Licensees Point NRC n/a http://www.nrc.gov/info-finder/materials/#state-listProtective Action Sectors (PAS) Polygon NRC n/a unavailable

Research, Training, and Test Reactors

Nuclear Research Facilities Point TGI (NRC) Yes https://www.hifldwg.org/hsip.aspNuclear Research, Training and Test Reactors Point NRC n/a http://www.nrc.gov/reactors/operating/project-

managers.html#non-pwrPopulation/Demographics

Census

CENSUS 2000 Polygon US Census n/a http://www.census.gov/main/www/cen2000.htmlCENSUS 2010 (Forecast) Polygon US Census n/a unavailableMetropolitan Statistical Areas Polygon US Census n/a http://www.census.gov/population/www/metroareas/

metrodef.htmlPopulation by Census Tracts Polygon US Census n/a http://www.census.gov/geo/www/relate/rel_tract.htmlPopulation by City Polygon US Census n/a http://www.census.gov/popest/cities/Population by County Polygon US Census n/a http://www.census.gov/popest/counties/

Crime

Arson Report Point DOJ n/a http://www.fbi.gov/ucr/cius2007/index.htmlAssault Report Point DOJ n/a http://www.fbi.gov/ucr/cius2007/index.htmlBurglary Report Point DOJ n/a http://www.fbi.gov/ucr/cius2007/index.htmlLarceny Report Point DOJ n/a http://www.fbi.gov/ucr/cius2007/index.htmlMotor Vehicle Theft Report Point DOJ n/a http://www.fbi.gov/ucr/cius2007/index.htmlMurder Report Point DOJ n/a http://www.fbi.gov/ucr/cius2007/index.htmlRape Report Point DOJ n/a http://www.fbi.gov/ucr/cius2007/index.htmlRobbery Report Point DOJ n/a http://www.fbi.gov/ucr/cius2007/index.html

Labor, Income and Employment

Income and Employment Polygon DOC/BEA n/a http://www.bea.gov/regional/remdmap/Labor Statistics Polygon DOL/BLS n/a http://www.bls.gov/Poverty and Median Income Polygon DOC n/a http://www.census.gov/hhes/www/income/income.htmlSocial Security Allocation Point SSA n/a http://www.usatrace.com/ssnchart.html

LandScan USA LandScan USA - Raster Population Raster Oak Ridge National Laboratory (DHS)


Postal/Shipping

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Courier

DHL Locations Point DHS No https://www.hifldwg.org/hsip.aspFedEx Locations Point DHS No https://www.hifldwg.org/hsip.aspPrivate Non-Retail Shipping Point TGI (USPS, DHS) Yes https://www.hifldwg.org/hsip.aspUPS Locations Point DHS No https://www.hifldwg.org/hsip.aspZIP Code Polygon US Census (USPS) No https://www.hifldwg.org/hsip.asp

Mailing/shipping Bulk Mail Centers Point USPS Yes https://www.hifldwg.org/hsip.aspRouting Arms, Ammunition and Explosive Shipping Routes Polyline DoD/TRANSCOM n/a unavailable

USPS

USPS Inspection Service Offices Point USPS n/a https://postalinspectors.uspis.gov/# or http://www.usps.com/ncsc/locators/find-is.html

USPS Post Offices - Contract Point USPS Yes https://www.hifldwg.org/hsip.aspUSPS Post Offices - Owned Point USPS Yes https://www.hifldwg.org/hsip.aspUSPS Processing Facilities Point USPS Yes https://www.hifldwg.org/hsip.asp


DHHS

DHHS Incident Response Coordination Team (IRCT) Point DHHS n/a unavailableDHHS Teams Point NDMS n/a unavailableKey Personnel Deployment Point DHHS/SOC n/a unavailable

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DHS

CBP Search, Trauma, and Rescue (BORSTAR) Team Locations

Point DHS/CBP n/a unavailable

Disaster Medical Assistance Team (DMAT) Locations Point FEMA n/a unavailableDisaster Mortuary Operational Response Team (DMORT) Locations

Point FEMA n/a unavailable

FEMA Damage Assessment Teams Point FEMA n/a unavailableFEMA Emergency Response Team-Regional (ERT-A) Point FEMA n/a unavailableFEMA Federal Incident Response Support Team (FIRST)


FEMA Incident Management Assistance Team (IMAT)


FEMA MERS/MATTS Home Bases Point FEMA n/a unavailableFEMA MERS/MATTS Locations (Deployed) Point FEMA n/a unavailableFEMA NDMS Team Home Locations Point FEMA n/a unavailableFEMA US&R Point FEMA Yes https://www.hifldwg.org/hsip.aspFEMA US&R Canine Teams Point FEMA n/a unavailableFEMA US&R Incident Support Teams Point FEMA n/a unavailableFEMA US&R Team Home Bases Point FEMA n/a unavailableFEMA US&R Teams (Deployed) Point FEMA n/a unavailableIncident Management Teams (IMTs) Federal Type 1 and Type 2


Maritime Safety and Security Team (MSST) Bases Point DHS/USCG n/a unavailableMaritime Safety and Security Team (MSST) Deployed Locations

Point DHS/USCG n/a unavailable

Medical Emergency Radiological Response Team (MERRT)


National Medical Response Teams (NMRTS) Point FEMA n/a http://nmrt-ncr.com/National Nurse Response Teams (NNRT) Point FEMA n/a unavailableNational Pharmacy Response Teams (NPRT) Point FEMA n/a unavailableNational Veterinary Response Team (NVRT) Locations


Scientific and Technical Advisory and Response Teams (STARTS)


USCG National Strike Force Bases Point DHS/USCG n/a unavailableUSCG National Strike Force Deployed Locations Point DHS/USCG n/a unavailableUSCG Strike Teams Point DHS/USCG n/a unavailable

DoDNGB WMD Civil Support Teams Point NGB Yes https://www.hifldwg.org/hsip.aspNGB WMD-Civil Support Team Deployed Locations Point NGB (JFHQ-STATE) n/a http://www.au.af.mil/au/c21/wmd-cst.htmUSACE Planning & Response Teams (PRTS) Point DoD/USACE n/a unavailable

Appendices



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Aviation Safety Teams Point DOT (DOI) n/a unavailableDOE Nuclear Incident Response Team (NIRT) Point DOE n/a http://www.nrc.gov/about-nrc/organization/

nsirfuncdesc.htmlDOI Interagency Hotshot Crews Point DOI/NIFC n/a unavailableDOL/OSHA Specialized Response Teams Point DOL/OSHA n/a unavailableEPA Counter Terrorism Response Teams (CTRT) Point EPA n/a unavailableEPA Environmental Response Team (ERT) Point EPA n/a unavailableEPA National Counter Terrorism Evidence Response Team (NCERT)

Point EPA n/a unavailable

FBI Domestic Emergency Support Team (DEST) Point DOJ/FBI n/a unavailableInfrastructure Assessment Response Team Point DOD/USACE n/a unavailableMine Rescue Teams Point MSHA/MEO n/a unavailableNavigation Response Team Point NOAA n/a unavailableNOAA Incident Meteorologists (IMET) Point NOAA n/a unavailableOil Spill/HAZMAT Response Team Point NOAA n/a unavailableVaccination Teams Point VA n/a unavailable

State/Local

CBRNE Enhanced Response Force Package (CERF-P)

Point NGB n/a unavailable

Donations Coordination Teams Point FEMA (State/Local) n/a unavailableHazmat Emergency Response Units - Local Point FEMA (State/Local) n/a unavailableNGB WMD-Civil Support Team Bases Point NGB (JFHQ-STATE) n/a http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/agency/army/

wmd-cst.htmSearch and Rescue Units - Local Point FEMA (State/Local) n/a unavailable

Telecommunications

Broadcasting

AM Antennas Point FCC No https://www.hifldwg.org/hsip.aspAntenna Structure Registrate Point FCC No https://www.hifldwg.org/hsip.aspBroadband - Co-Location Facilities Point FCC n/a unavailableCable Franchise Boundaries Polygon FCC n/a unavailableFCC AM Point FCC n/a http://finder.geocommons.com/overlays/1482FCC FM Point FCC n/a http://www.fcc.gov/mb/audio/fmq.htmlFCC TV Point FCC n/a http://www.fcc.gov/mb/video/tvq.htmlFM Antennas Point FCC No https://www.hifldwg.org/hsip.aspFM Radio Contours Polygon FCC n/a http://www.fcc.gov/mb/audio/fmclasses.htmlFM Radio Towers Point FCC n/a unavailableMicrowave Towers Point FCC (DHS/NCS) No https://www.hifldwg.org/hsip.aspTelevision Contours Polygon FCC n/a unavailableTelevision Towers Point FCC n/a unavailableTV DIGITAL Point FCC No https://www.hifldwg.org/hsip.aspTV NTSC Point FCC No https://www.hifldwg.org/hsip.asp

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Communications

Fiber Lit Buildings Locations Point Navteq (DHS/NCS, FCC)


Fiber Optic Lines Polyline NGA (FCC, NCS) Yes https://www.hifldwg.org/hsip.aspIT Locations/Portals Point DHS No https://www.hifldwg.org/hsip.aspLand Mobile Broadcast Point FCC No https://www.hifldwg.org/hsip.aspLand Mobile Communications Point FCC No https://www.hifldwg.org/hsip.aspLand Mobile Private Point FCC No https://www.hifldwg.org/hsip.aspLATA Boundary Polygon Navteq (DHS/NCS,

FCC)Yes https://www.hifldwg.org/hsip.asp

Metro Fiber USA Polyline Navteq (FCC, NANPA, DHS/NCS)


Rate Center Boundaries Polygon Navteq (FCC, NANPA, DHS/NCS)


Wire Center Boundaries Polygon Navteq (FCC, NANPA, DHS/NCS)


DoD Armed Forces Reserve Communications Units Point DoD (NGB) n/a http://www.fcc.gov/Bureaus/MB/Databases/tv_service_contour_data/readme.html

Internet

Cable Landings Point FCC n/a unavailableCable Modem Coverage Polygon FCC n/a unavailableCLEC Fiber Lines Polyline FCC n/a unavailableCLEC Hqs Point FCC n/a unavailableDSL - Enabled Wire Centers Point FCC n/a unavailableHigh Speed Service Providers Point FCC n/a unavailableInternet Access Points Point DHS n/a unavailableInternet Exchange Points Point DHS No https://www.hifldwg.org/hsip.aspInternet Hubs Point FCC n/a unavailableInternet Service Provider Areas Polygon DHS n/a unavailableInternet Service Providers Point DHS No https://www.hifldwg.org/hsip.asp

Priority/Emergency Assets

FEMA National Emergency Coordination NET Assets Point FEMA n/a unavailableGovernment Emergency Telecommunications Service (GETS) Assets

Point DHS/NCS n/a http://gets.ncs.gov/contact.html

NCS Shared Resources (SHARES) High-Frequency Radio Program Assets

Point DHS/NCS n/a unavailable

Telecommunications Service Priority (TSP) Program Assets

Point DHS/NCS n/a unavailable

Wireless Priority Service (WPS) Point DHS/NCS n/a unavailable

SatelliteContinuously Operating Reference Stations (CORS) Point National Geodetic

Surveyn/a http://geodesy.noaa.gov/CORS/cors-data.html

Satellite Control Stations Point FCC n/a unavailableTransport Facilities

Microwave Facilities (Commercial) Point FCC n/a unavailableTelecom Hotels Point FCC n/a unavailable

Appendices



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Wired

Area Code Polygon FCC No https://www.hifldwg.org/hsip.aspBorder Gateways Point FCC (DHS/NCS) n/a unavailableCentral Offices/Switching Stations Point FCC (DHS/NCS) n/a unavailableInternational Gateways Point FCC (DHS/NCS) n/a unavailableTandem Offices Point FCC (DHS/NCS) n/a unavailableUnderwater Cable Facilities Point FCC (DHS/NCS) n/a unavailableWire Centers Point FCC (DHS/NCS) n/a unavailable

Wireless

Cellular Market Area Polygon FCC n/a unavailableCellular Towers Point FCC (DHS/NCS) No https://www.hifldwg.org/hsip.aspMobile Communications Equipment Production Point FEMA (DoD/DLA) n/a unavailableMobile Communications Equipment Storage Point FEMA (DoD/DLA) n/a unavailablePaging Towers Point FCC (DHS/NCS) No https://www.hifldwg.org/hsip.aspRegional Fiber Optics Polyline FCC (DHS/NCS) n/a unavailable

Threat/Suspicious Activity

Reports Events of Interest Point DHHS/SOC (FEMA) n/a unavailableLocation Based Threat Reporting Point DHS/NOC n/a unavailable

Surveillance Surveillance or Suspicious Activity Point DHS/NOC n/a unavailable

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Sub Category Theme Type POC Restrictions URLTransportation

Aviation

Aero Navaids Point FAA Yes https://www.hifldwg.org/hsip.aspAero Obstructions Point FAA Yes https://www.hifldwg.org/hsip.aspAir Route Traffic Control Center (ARTCC) Point FAA (DOT) Yes https://www.hifldwg.org/hsip.aspAir Route Traffic Control Centers - Regions Polygon FAA (DOT) n/a http://www.faa.gov/about/office_org/headquarters_

offices/ato/artcc/Air Traffic - Flight Path Points Point FAA (DOT) n/a unavailableAirport Districts Polygon FAA (DOT) n/a unavailableAirport/Airfield Boundaries Polygon FAA (DOT) n/a http://www.mapdex.org/search/search.

cfm?layerkeyword=airport boundaries&tab=lyr&type=lyr

Airports - Private Polygon FAA (DOT) n/a http://www.mapdex.org/search/search.cfm?layerkeyword=heliports&tab=lyr&type=lyr

Airports - Public Use Polygon FAA (DOT) n/a unavailableAirports Heliports Point DOT/NTAD No https://www.hifldwg.org/hsip.aspCommercial Airport Facilities (Building Polygons) Polygon FAA (DOT) n/a unavailableFAA Flight Feed Point FAA (DOT) n/a unavailableFAA Flight Snapshot Point FAA (DOT) n/a unavailableFAA Flight Standard District Office (FSDO) Point FAA (DOT) n/a http://www.faa.gov/about/office_org/field_offices/fsdo/FAA Regions Polygon NGA (FAA, DOT) Yes https://www.hifldwg.org/hsip.aspFAA Schools Point FAA (DOT) n/a unavailableFAA Terminal Radar Approach Control (TRACON) Facilities

Point FAA (DOT) n/a http://www.faa.gov/about/office_org/headquarters_offices/ato/tracon/

Flight Paths Polygon FAA (DOT) n/a http://www.mapdex.org/search/search.cfm?layerkeyword=flight paths&tab=lyr&type=lyr

Flight Restriction Zones Polygon FAA (DOT) n/a unavailableFRMAC Aviation Assets Point DOE/FRMAC n/a unavailableGovernment Aviation Asset/Bases Polygon FAA (DOT) n/a unavailableHeliports - Private Point FAA (DOT) n/a http://www.mapdex.org/search/search.cfm?layerkeywor

d=heliports&tab=lyr&type=lyrHeliports - Public Point FAA (DOT) n/a http://www.mapdex.org/search/search.cfm?layerkeyword=heli

ports&tab=lyr&type=lyrMetropolitan Washington Airports Authority Lands Polygon MWAA n/a unavailable

Aviation

Military Airfields and Air Bases Polygon DoD/DISDI GEOBASE n/a unavailableRunways Polygon DOT/NTAD (FAA) No https://www.hifldwg.org/hsip.aspSea Plane Bases Point FAA (DOT) n/a http://www.mapdex.org/search/search.

cfm?layerkeyword=seaplane bases&tab=lyr&type=lyrShort Take-off/Landing Ports Point FAA (DOT) n/a unavailableUltralight Ports Point FAA (DOT) n/a unavailable

IntermodalIntermodal Facilities Point DOT/NTAD No https://www.hifldwg.org/hsip.aspIntermodal Terminals Point DOT/BTS n/a http://www.loadmatch.com/directory/city.

cfm?category=terminals

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Maritime

Anchorage Areas Polygon DoD/USACE n/a http://www.mapdex.org/search/search.cfm?layerkeyword=anchorage areas&tab=lyr&type=lyr

Anchorages Point DOD/USACE Yes https://www.hifldwg.org/hsip.aspBoating Facilities Point DHS/USCG (DoD/

USACE)n/a unavailable

Breakwater Lines Polyline NOAA, DoD/USACE Yes https://www.hifldwg.org/hsip.aspBreakwater Points Point NOAA, DoD/USACE Yes https://www.hifldwg.org/hsip.aspCanals Polyline DOT/BTS, DoD/

USACEYes https://www.hifldwg.org/hsip.asp

Channels Polygon DOT/BTS, DoD/USACE


Commercial Ports Point DHS/USCG n/a unavailableDanger Zones Polygon DoD/USACE n/a unavailableDigital Nautical Charts Raster NGA n/a http://www.nga.mil/portal/site/dnc/index.jsp?front_

door=trueElectronic Navigational Charts (ENC) Point NOAA/OCS n/a http://ocsdata.ncd.noaa.gov/ChartServerV2.0/jsp/index.

jspFairways Polygon DHS/USCG n/a http://www.mapdex.org/search/search.cfm?layerkeywor

d=fairways&tab=lyr&type=lyrFerry Terminals Point DOT/BTS n/a http://marinas.com/browse/ferry/US/Home Ports Point NDMS n/a unavailableInland Electronic Navigation Charts (IENC) Point DoD/USACE n/a http://www.agc.army.mil/echarts/inlandnav/Locks Point TGI (DoD/USACE) Yes https://www.hifldwg.org/hsip.aspNautical NAVAIDS Point TGI (NOAA) Yes https://www.hifldwg.org/hsip.aspNavigable Waterways Polygon TGI (DOT/BTS,

USACE)Yes https://www.hifldwg.org/hsip.asp

Navigation Locks Point DoD/USACE n/a unavailablePiers/Wharves/Quays Point TGI (DoD/USACE) Yes https://www.hifldwg.org/hsip.aspPort Cameras Point DHS/TSA n/a unavailablePort Facilities Polygon DHS/USCG n/a http://www.iwr.usace.army.mil/ndc/data/datapwd.htmPort Water Boundaries Polygon DHS/USCG n/a unavailablePorts Polygon DoD/USACE (DOT/

NTAD)No https://www.hifldwg.org/hsip.asp

Maritime

Principal Ports Point DHS/USCG n/a http://www.iwr.usace.army.mil/NDC/data/datappor.htmRestricted Zones Polygon DoD/USACE n/a unavailableRiver Mile Markers Point DoD/USACE n/a http://www.iwr.usace.army.mil/NDC/data/datamile.htmSafety & Security Zones Polygon DHS/USCG n/a unavailableShipping Fairways Polygon TGI (NOAA, DHS/

USCG)Yes https://www.hifldwg.org/hsip.asp

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Mission A

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Mass Transit

Amtrak Railroad Lines Polyline DOT/FRA n/a unavailableAmtrak Stations Point DOT/NTAD (DOT/

FRA)No https://www.hifldwg.org/hsip.asp

Amtrak Stations (BUS) Point DOT/NTAD (DOT/FRA)

n/a http://www.mapdex.org/search/search.cfm?layerkeyword=amtrak stations&tab=lyr&type=lyr

Bus Stations Point DOT (State/Local) Yes https://www.hifldwg.org/hsip.aspBus Stops Point DOT (State/Local) n/a unavailableBus Terminals Point DOT (State/Local) n/a unavailableCommuter Rail Transit Passenger Stations Point DOT/BTS n/a http://www.transtats.bts.gov/tables.asp?table_id=1180Commuter Rails Polyline DOT/BTS n/a http://www.transtats.bts.gov/Search.aspFerries Point TGI (DOT/BTS) Yes https://www.hifldwg.org/hsip.aspFerry Routes Polyline TGI (DOT/BTS) Yes https://www.hifldwg.org/hsip.aspHOV Lanes Polyline DOT/BTS n/a http://www.bts.gov/publications/north_american_

transportation_atlas_data/Light Rail Polyline DOT/BTS n/a unavailableRailroad Stations Point TGI (DOT/BTS, Navteq) Yes https://www.hifldwg.org/hsip.aspTransit Line Polyline DOT/NTAD No https://www.hifldwg.org/hsip.aspTransit Station Point DOT/NTAD No https://www.hifldwg.org/hsip.asp

Railroad

Interchanges Point DOT/NTAD n/a http://www.mapdex.org/search/search.cfm?layerkeyword=interchanges&tab=lyr&type=lyr

Rail Mile Markers Point DOT/FRA n/a http://www.iwr.usace.army.mil/NDC/data/datamile.htmRail Nodes Point Oak Ridge National

Laboratory (DOT/FRA, DOT/NTAD)


Rail Ramps Point DOT/FRA (DOT/NTAD)

n/a http://www.bts.gov/publications/north_american_transportation_atlas_data/

Railroad Polyline TGI (DOT/BTS, DOT/NTAD, US Census)


Railroad - 1:100K Polyline DOT/FRA n/a http://www.bts.gov/publications/north_american_transportation_atlas_data/

Railroad - 1:2M Polyline DOT/FRA n/a unavailableRailroad Bridges Point DOT/FRA (DOT/NTAD,

AAR)Yes https://www.hifldwg.org/hsip.asp

Railroad Dispatch/Control Centers Point DOT/FRA (AAR) n/a http://www.bts.gov/publications/north_american_transportation_atlas_data/

Railroad Interlockings/Interfaces Polyline DOT/FRA (AAR) n/a unavailableRailroad Operation Centers Point DOT/FRA (DOT/

NTAD)n/a http://www.bts.gov/publications/north_american_

transportation_atlas_data/Railroad Repair Shops Point DOT/FRA (AAR) n/a unavailableRailroad Tunnels Point DOT/FRA (DOT/NTAD,

AAR)Yes https://www.hifldwg.org/hsip.asp

Railroad Yards Polygon DOT/FRA (DOT/NTAD, AAR)


Strategic Rail Corridor Network (STRACNET) Polyline DoD/TRANSCOM n/a unavailable

Appendices



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Sub Category Theme Type POC Restrictions URLRegulatory, Oversight and Industry

State DOT Facilities Point DOT (State DOT) n/a unavailableState DOT Hqs Point DOT (State DOT) n/a unavailableTSA - Machinery Point DHS/TSA n/a unavailableTSA - Screeners Point DHS/TSA n/a unavailable

Road

Automatic Traffic Counters Point DOT/NTAD No https://www.hifldwg.org/hsip.aspBridges Point DOT/NTAD Yes https://www.hifldwg.org/hsip.aspCritical Transportation Infrastructure Point DOT n/a unavailableExits Polyline DOT/NTAD, US Census Yes https://www.hifldwg.org/hsip.aspHighways Polyline DOT/NTAD, US Census Yes https://www.hifldwg.org/hsip.aspInterstates Polyline DOT/NTAD, US Census Yes https://www.hifldwg.org/hsip.aspMajor Highways Polyline DOT/NTAD, US Census Yes https://www.hifldwg.org/hsip.aspMajor Roads Polyline DOT/NTAD, US Census Yes https://www.hifldwg.org/hsip.aspSecondary Hwys Polyline DOT/NTAD, US Census Yes https://www.hifldwg.org/hsip.aspStrategic Highway Network (STRAHNET) Polyline DoD (DOT) n/a http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/planning/nhs//Streets Polyline DOT/NTAD, US Census Yes https://www.hifldwg.org/hsip.aspTraffic Cameras - Video Feed Video DoD/TRANSCOM n/a unavailableTraffic Events Point DoD/TRANSCOM n/a unavailableTraffic Flow Monitors Point DoD/TRANSCOM n/a unavailableTunnels Polyline DOT/NTAD n/a http://www.bts.gov/publications/north_american_

transportation_atlas_data/

Routing

Army National Guard Convoy Routes Polyline ARNG n/a unavailableChlorine Shipment Routes Polyline DOT (AAR) n/a unavailableMovement Restriction Areas/Closures Polygon DoD/TRANSCOM n/a unavailableRoute Cameras Point DoD/TRANSCOM n/a unavailableToxic Inhalation Hazard (TIH) Railroad Routes Polyline DOT (AAR) n/a unavailableTransportation Choke Points Point DOT (AAR) n/a unavailable

WaterRaw Water Storage

Raw Water Storage Point EPA (USGS NHD) n/a unavailable

Raw Water Supply

Aqueducts Polyline USGS NHD (EPA) n/a http://www.mapdex.org/search/search.cfm?layerkeyword=aqueducts&tab=lyr&type=lyr

Aquifers Point USGS National Atlas No https://www.hifldwg.org/hsip.aspCovered Reservoirs Point EPA (USGS NHD) n/a http://nhdgeo.usgs.gov/viewer.htmDrinking Water Intake Point EPA (USGS NHD) n/a unavailableGround Water Point USGS NHD n/a http://nhdgeo.usgs.gov/viewer.htmReservoirs Polygon USGS/GNIS (USGS

NHD)No https://www.hifldwg.org/hsip.asp

Spring Point USGS/GNIS (USGS NHD)

No https://www.hifldwg.org/hsip.asp

Surface Water Point USGS NHD n/a http://nhdgeo.usgs.gov/viewer.htmUncovered Reservoirs Polygon EPA (USGS NHD) n/a http://nhdgeo.usgs.gov/viewer.htm orWater Sources (intake) Point EPA n/a unavailable


Federal Water Agencies Point EPA n/a unavailableState Utility Commissions - Water Point EPA (AWWA, ASDWA) n/a unavailable A

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ppendices


Treated Water Distribution Systems

Community Water System Polygon EPA n/a unavailableFire Hydrants Point EPA n/a http://www.mapdex.org/search/search.

cfm?layerkeyword=fire hydrants&tab=lyr&type=lyrPumping Stations Point EPA n/a unavailableTreated Water Monitoring Systems Point EPA n/a unavailableWater Distribution Lines Polyline EPA n/a unavailableWater Transmission/Distribution Mains Polyline EPA n/a http://www.mapdex.org/search/search.

cfm?layerkeyword=water mains&tab=lyr&type=lyrTreated Water Storage

Water Towers Point EPA n/a http://www.mapdex.org/search/search.cfm?layerkeyword=water%20towers&tab=lyr&type=lyr

Wastewater Facilities

Drainage Polyline DoD/USACE No https://www.hifldwg.org/hsip.aspManholes Point EPA n/a http://www.mapdex.org/search/search.cfm?layerkeywor

d=manholes&tab=lyr&type=lyrSewage Lift Stations Point EPA n/a unavailableSewage Mains Polyline EPA n/a unavailableSewage Treatment Facilities Point Dun & Bradstreet (EPA) Yes https://www.hifldwg.org/hsip.aspTreated Wastewater Monitoring Systems Point EPA n/a unavailableWastewater Control Centers Point EPA n/a unavailableWastewater Discharge Systems Point EPA n/a unavailableWastewater Facilities Point EPA Yes https://www.hifldwg.org/hsip.aspWastewater Raw Influent Storage Point EPA n/a unavailableWater Treatment Facilities Point EPA n/a unavailable

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appendix C: Civil supporT

The Department of Defense (DoD) protects the Continental United States (CONUS) through two distinct but interrelated missions: Homeland Defense (HD) and Civil Support (CS) missions. DoD serves as the federal department with lead responsibility for HD, which may be executed by DoD alone or include support provided by other agencies. While these missions are distinct, some department roles and responsibilities overlap, and operations require extensive coordination between lead and supporting agencies.

The actors interviewed for HD/CS support include US Northern Command (USNORTHCOM)/US Pacific Command (USPACOM), National Geospatial Intelligence Agency (NGA), and National Guard Bureau (NGB) (Title 10 and Title 32). The Civil Support Appendix will evolve in future phases of the GeoCONOPS project when the focus moves to catastrophic, intelligence, and law enforcement missions.

CS is defined as the application of DoD’s rapid response and other technical capabilities to

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domestic emergencies or disasters in support of civil authorities. CS includes, but is not limited to, support to US civil authorities for natural and manmade domestic emergencies, civil disturbances, and authorized law enforcement activities. When this type of support is requested through a formal request process, approved by the President or Secretary of Defense (SecDef), and executed under the guidance of the National Response Framework (NRF), the support is characterized as Defense Support of Civil Authorities (DSCA). For the purposes of this GeoCONOPS, the umbrella term “Civil Support” is assumed to include the activities, roles, and responsibilities described by the following legacy terms: CS, DSCA, and Military Assistance for Civil Disturbance (MACD).

DoD is a full partner in the federal response to domestic incidents, and the DoD response is fully coordinated through the mechanisms outlined in the NRF. In providing CS, the SecDef will always retain command of DoD personnel, with the exception of National Guard forces under the command and control of the Governors (State Guard in Title 32 status: State Mission, Federally Funded). Nothing in the NRF impedes the SecDef’s statutory authority pertaining to DoD personnel and resources.

Per Joint Publication 3-28 Civil Support, the authority over and control of DoD capabilities is maintained by the President, as Commander in Chief, through the SecDef and the chain of command as established by law. When emergency conditions dictate, and when time does not permit approval from higher headquarters, local military commanders and responsible DoD component officials are authorized to respond to requests from local authorities and to initiate immediate response actions to save lives, prevent human suffering, or mitigate great property damage under imminently serious conditions.

Requests for DoD assistance may occur under Stafford Act or non-Stafford Act conditions. The

Figure C–1: Request For Assistance Process Decision Matrix

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Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act (Public Law 93-288) (Title 42 US Code, Section 5121), authorizes the Federal Government to help state and local governments alleviate the suffering and damage caused by disasters. DoD support in a domestic disaster or a presidential declaration of emergency is in support of the primary or coordinating agency(ies). Military commanders and responsible DoD civilians may, under certain conditions, respond under immediate response authority to save lives, prevent suffering, and mitigate great property damage under imminently serious conditions. Without a disaster declaration, the President may also direct DoD to support the response to a disaster or emergency for a period not to exceed 10 days.1

DoD has assigned 10 Defense Coordinating Officers (DCO), one to each FEMA region. If requested and approved, the DCO serves as DoD’s single point of contact at the JFO for requesting assistance from DoD. With few exceptions, requests for CS originating at the JFO are coordinated with and processed through the DCO. The DCO may have a Defense Coordinating Element (DCE) consisting of a staff and military liaison officers to facilitate coordination and support to activated Emergency Support Functions (ESF). Specific responsibilities of the DCO (subject to modification based on the situation) include processing requirements for military support, forwarding mission assignments to the appropriate military organizations through DoD-designated channels, and assigning military liaisons, as appropriate, to activated ESFs.2

1 Joint Publication 3-28, Civil Support, September 14, 2007.

2 DOD Support to Domestic Incidents, January 2008. Prepared by The Office of the Assistant Secretary of Defense/Homeland Defense and America’s Security Affairs.

As noncatastrophic events emerge, the DoD will initiate various tasking chains and mechanisms to support information requests, analysis, and coordination efforts for CS. Formal tasking requests for support and information will be processed by USNORTHCOM/USPACOM, National-Geospatial Intelligence Agency (NGA), Defense Program Office for Mission Assurance (DPO-MA), and other DoD agencies. As one of the foundational organizations supporting CS, USNORTHCOM’s command structure of governance and reporting is typical of many DoD organizations. Reporting to USNORTHCOM are component commands for each of the services: US Army North (USARNORTH), US Air Force North (USAFNORTH), US Fleet Forces Command, etc. The USARNORTH commander has additional duties in charge of the Joint Land Forces Component Command (JFLCC). There are also specialized Joint Task Forces (JTF) with specific missions. Of the various JTFs, the main one charged with executing tasks related to CS is Joint Task Force-Civil Support, headquartered in Norfolk, VA. During crisis events the JTF-CS commander reports directly to the ARNORTH commander, while DCOs at FEMA act in liaison roles directly with the ARNORTH commander as well.

All of these DoD organizations have unique mission requirements to support CS with unique and tailored geospatial products and analysis. In addition, each of these organizations approaches the geospatial non-critical event by leveraging infrastructure, imagery, critical infrastructure assessments, time-sensitive event data, and complex geospatial analysis for data and product dissemination to state and local agencies. The USNORTHCOM Interagency Coordination Group (ICG), coordinates information sharing and deconfliction between the DoD agencies and provides clear and authoritative information for CS. These CS processes often consist of a complex network of geospatial information and analysis to provide comprehensive data products and services for federal, state and local emergency responders. Through the

years since the stand up of DHS, USNORTHCOM, NGA, DPO-MA, and USPACOM have supported hundreds of analysis and geospatial products for hurricane support, critical infrastructure assessments, major wildfires, national significant security events and have provided intelligence and operational support resulting in a prevention of terrorists’ attacks. The relationship and communication between the DoD and civil organizations need to continue to mature for support of emergency operations, catastrophic, and noncritical catastrophic events.

Another element of CS is the use of the National Guard, both state (Title 32) and federal (Title 10). The National Guard is a constitutionally unique element of the DoD, serving first as a state militia under direction of the State Governor and State Adjutant General, but ultimately under the direction of the President of the United States. The Adjutant General serves as the State Director of Homeland Security in six states and the State Director of Emergency Management in three states. The State National Guard serves as a joint reserve entity, comprising two reserve services: Army and Air Force. The National Guard serves in three distinct operational statuses: Title 10 (federal active duty), Title 32 (federally funded state duty) and state active duty. The majority of CS operations performed by the National Guard are in Title 32 status. The National Guard Bureau (NGB), a joint entity, administers the federal functions of the Army National Guard and Air National Guard.

The National Guard is typically the first military element to respond to an emergency within a state or local jurisdiction. The National Guard assists state and local emergency management and response personnel with a vast number of services, primarily as a force multiplier. Through this support, the National Guard has many unique geospatial information elements from fixed joint force headquarters to staging areas and logistics support. The following geospatial information categories define the National

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Guard’s support to state and local emergency management:• Joint Task Force Joint Operations Center (JTF JOC) • State National Guard receiving locations• State National Guard logistics supply points• State National Guard staging areas• State National Guard unit locations

Federal agencies or state governors request DoD capabilities to support their emergency response efforts by using a formal Request for Assistance (RFA) process. The decision process for approving Stafford RFAs is illustrated above3 (see Figure C–1).

3 Joint Publication 3-28, Civil Support , September 14, 2007, pg II-5.

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Overview

The DHS Office of Intelligence & Analysis (I&A) Collection and Requirements Division (CRD) is the Executive Secretariat (ExecSec) for the Interagency Remote Sensing Coordination Cell (IRSCC). The IRSCC is an interagency body of remote sensing mission owners with capabilities that enable the primary Federal responder to plan, coordinate, acquire, analyze, publish, and disseminate situational knowledge. The mission of the IRSCC through its charter is “to ensure oversight of the IRSCC and the working group and to provide IRSCC policy guidance, direction, and ensure operational effectiveness. The IRSCC assists the IRSCC Executive Committee (EXCOM) in providing recommendations to the remote sensing community in defining roles, responsibilities, and expectations for remote sensing. The IRSCC facilitates a more thorough understanding of the remote sensing environment collective knowledge of the Federal remote sensing community and its capabilities.

appendix d: dhs inTelliGenCe & analysis – inTeraGenCy remoTe sensinG CoordinaTion Cell

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When activated, the IRSCC provides visibility of the remote sensing missions that are the statutory responsibility of the member organizations. This provides the community (federal, state, local, and tribal governments) information about ongoing remote sensing missions before, during, and after a Stafford Act declaration.

Operational Support

The IRSCC supports the emergency management community in response to an event with awareness of remote sensing activities and capabilities. The

IRSCC does not task organizations to collect data but assists the remote sensing community with planning and coordination activities in support of federally declared disaster events.

IRSCC activities include daily remote sensing reports and imagery collection and requirements coordination support. These activities take place prior to, during, and after events have taken place. In response to a request for assistance following a natural or man-made disaster, the IRSCC compiles details on available imagery in support of requested areas of interest and priority targets (e.g. affected

infrastructure). Member organizations listed in Table 4-2 provide information on available imagery products to the remote sensing community.

Production and Products

The IRSCC assists with the discovery of remotely collected data on an as-needed basis during natural and man-made disasters. The most common product produced by the IRSCC on a regular basis is the Federal Remote Sensing Situation Report, which is disseminated to IRSCC members and any other interested agencies and departments.

The IRSCC directs requestors to member organizations for access to remote sensing collections and deliverables. IRSCC members report the status of their respective missions, providing the customer with frequent updates in the form of emails or phone calls, if the requirement is ongoing. Requests for information include localization data, specifics such as requests for specific imagery, acceptable media of dissemination (imagery, imagery-derived products, etc.), and desired classification for accessible end user implementation.

Department Agency/Office

Department of Homeland Security

Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA)

Office of Operations Coordination and Planning (OPS)

Office of Intelligence and Analysis (I&A)

US Coast Guard (USCG)

Customs and Border Protection (CBP)

Geospatial Management Office (GMO)

National Protection & Programs Directorate (NPPD)

Department of Commerce National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)

Department of Agriculture (USDA)

Department of Defense

US Northern Command (NORTHCOM)

National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency (NGA)

National Guard Bureau (NGB)

US Army Corps of Engineers (USACE)

Civil Air Patrol (CAP)

National Reconnaissance Office (NRO)

Department of the Interior US Geological Survey (USGS)

Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)

National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)

Table D–1: IRSCC Member Agencies and Organizations

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appendix e: dhs oneview

The DHS Geospatial Information Infrastructure (GII) is the governing body of geospatial data and application services built to meet common requirements across the DHS mission space. DHS OneView is a lightweight internet application providing geographic visualization and analysis to individual users through interactions with the GII services. OneView is implemented within the GII by the Geospatial Management Office (GMO), and is available to all DHS and affiliated Homeland Security partners via HSIN. Any individual with a valid HSIN account may access OneView at https://gii.dhs.gov/oneview.

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DHS OneView is a web based mapping application delivering visualization capabilities for the spatial data holdings of the Geospatial Information Infrastructure (GII). OneView is built on the Microsoft SilverLight platform, providing for lightweight, rich internet application design and user interaction. By leveraging the SilverLight application programing interface (API), OneView add-on or widgets can be easily developed across the Departments components allowing for streamlined and efficient application development and code reuse, drastically cutting down on the time of development. OneView does not replace current component web mapping applications, rather it provides a mechanism for users that do not have current capabilities in-house.

OneView provides access to over 400 infrastructure data layers delivered as web services via the GII, as well as population data and real-time situational awareness data for infrastructure impact analysis. Users may also use their own data for added context and utility. The foundational data set in OneView is provided by HSIP Gold, which includes data layers representing the 18 critical infrastructure and key resources sectors, national hazards, and base map layers. Additionally, users can select data from numerous other sources including the Geospatial Multi-Agency Coordination Group (GeoMAC) for information regarding wildfires, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) NexRad to view hurricane and other severe weather information, and LANDSCAN, a worldwide population database. The OneView application currently provides the following functionality:• Bing Map: Aerial imagery (including BirdsEye

and StreetView)• Viewing capability of the HSIP Gold Program data• Mapping Tools: routing, address/location look up

and geocoding, spatial query• Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC) services:

ingest user defined web mapping service (WMS), KML and GeoRSS

OneView is accessible 24/7 to all Federal, State, and local homeland security partners with a HSIN username and password, regardless of the specific HSIN COI(s) they belong to. Non-government users, including contractors, must have a government sponsor in order to gain access. OneView requires users to have Microsoft Internet Explorer 7 or later (or FireFox 3 or later) and the Microsoft Silverlight 4 installed. Systems users are authenticated through their HSIN credentials for any community of interest. The OneView application is designed for expanding capabilities:• SilverLight is a key element of Microsoft

SharePoint 2010, allowing for future expansion of GII access and services through embedded SilverLight applications within SharePoint 2010

• Widely accessible programming interface, allowing for non-geospatial application developers to leverage OneView through .NET/SilverLight

• OneView is designed for the Departments user base that do not have extensive geospatial capabilities or technologies

Figure E–1: DHS OneView

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appendix f: aCTors

Department of Agriculture (USDA) Office of the Chief Information Office Enterprise Geospatial Management Office Office of Homeland Security & Emergency Coordination Emergency Operation Center Forest Service National Interagency Fire centerDepartment of Commerce (DOC) National Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) National Weather Service (NWS) US Census BureauDepartment of Defense (DoD) Office of the Secretary of Defense (OSD) Office of the Deputy Undersecretary for Defense National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency (NGA) National Guard Bureau Northern Command (USNORTHCOM) Pacific Command (USPACOM)

US Army Corps of Engineers (USACE)Department of Energy (DOE)Department of Health & Human Services (HHS)Department of Homeland Security (DHS) Office of the Chief Information Officer/Geospatial Management Office (GMO) Customs and Border Patrol (CBP) Transportation Security Administration (TSA) U.S. Coast Guard U.S. Secret Service National Operations Center (NOC) National Infrastructure Coordination Center (NICC) Federal Law Enforcement Training Center (FLETC) Immigration & Customs Enforcement (ICE) Science and Technology (S&T) Interagency Modeling and Atmospheric Assessment Center (IMAAC)Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) Federal Insurance & Mitigation Administration (FIMA) Office of Response & Recovery (ORR)

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National Preparedness Directorate (NPD) National Exercise Division (NED) National Integration Center (NIC) Disaster Operations National Response Coordination Center (NRCC) Remote Sensing (RS) Individual Assistance (IA) Debris Logistics Mitigation Hazard US (HAZUS) Program National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) Hazard and Mitigation (HMTAP) FEMA Regions I-X and Joint Field Operations (JFOs) (Selected)Mission Support Bureau (MSB) Office of the Chief Information Officer (CIO)/Geospatial Solutions BranchNational Protection & Programs Directorate (NPPD) Federal Protective Service (FPS) Office of Infrastructure Protection (IP) Office of Health Affairs (OHA) Office of Intelligence and Analysis (I&A) Office of Operations Coordination & Planning (OPS)Emergency Support Functions (ESFs) #1 - #15Department of Housing & Urban Development (HUD)Department of Interior (DOI) US Geological Survey (USGS)Department of State USAIDDepartment of Transportation (DOT)National Guard Bureau (NGB)Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)Federal Aviation Administration (FAA)

Office of the Director of National Intelligence (ODNI) Program Manager for the Information-Sharing Environment (PM-ISE)Small Business Administration (SBA)Veterans Administration (VA)American Red Cross (ARC)National Alliance for Public Safety GIS (NAPSG)National States Geographic Information Council (NSGIC)Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC)

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appendix G: referenCed doCumenTs

National Incident Management System (NIMS), December 2008, provides a systematic, proactive approach to guide departments and agencies at all levels of government, nongovernmental organizations (NGO), and the private sector to work seamlessly to prevent, protect against, respond to, recover from, and mitigate the effects of incidents, regardless of cause, size, location, or complexity, to reduce the loss of life and property and harm to the environment.

National Infrastructure Protection Plan (NIPP), January 2009, establishes a risk management framework for the nation’s unified national approach to critical infrastructure and key resources (CI) protection.

National Response Framework (NRF), January 2008, is a guide to how the nation conducts all-hazards response. It describes specific authorities and best practices for managing incidents that range from the serious but purely local, to large-scale terrorist attacks or catastrophic natural disasters.

Defense Production Act (P.L. 81-774) is the primary authority to ensure the timely availability of

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resources for national defense and civil emergency preparedness and response.

Homeland Security Act of 2002 (P.L. 107-296, 116 Stat. 2135 (2002) (codified predominantly at 6 United States Code [U.S.C.] § 101-557), as amended, with respect to the organization and mission of the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) in the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) Appropriations Act of 2007, P.L. 109-295, 120 Stat. 1355 (2006), established DHS as an executive department of the United States. The Homeland Security Act consolidated component agencies, including FEMA, into DHS.

The Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act (Stafford Act), as amended (42 U.S.C. § 5121 et seq.) describes the programs and processes by which the Federal Government provides disaster and emergency assistance to state and local governments, tribal nations, eligible private nonprofit organizations, and individuals affected by a declared major disaster or emergency. The Stafford Act covers all-hazards, including natural disasters and terrorist events.

HSPD-5, Management of Domestic Incidents, February 28, 2003, establishes a single, comprehensive national incident management system. It also designates the Secretary of Homeland Security as the principal federal official for domestic incident management and recognizes the statutory authorities of the Attorney General, Secretary of Defense, and Secretary of State. It directs the heads of all federal departments and agencies to provide their full and prompt cooperation, resources, and support, as appropriate and consistent with their own responsibilities for protecting national security, to the Secretary of Homeland Security, Attorney General, Secretary of Defense, and Secretary of State in the exercise of leadership responsibilities and missions assigned.

HSPD-7,CriticalInfrastructureIdentification,Prioritization, and Protection, December 17, 2003, establishes a national policy for federal departments

and agencies to identify and prioritize United States CI and to protect them.

HSPD-8, National Preparedness, December 17, 2003, establishes policies to strengthen the preparedness of the United States to prevent and respond to threatened or actual domestic terrorist attacks, major disasters, and other emergencies by requiring a national domestic all-hazards preparedness goal, establishing mechanisms for improved delivery of federal preparedness assistance to state, local, and tribal governments, and outlining actions to strengthen preparedness capabilities of federal, state, local, and tribal entities. Annex 1, National Planning, published on December 3, 2007, establishes a standard and comprehensive approach to national planning.

HSPD-20/National Security Presidential Directive-51 National Continuity Policy, May 9, 2007, establishes a comprehensive national policy on the continuity of Federal Government structures and operations and a single National Continuity Coordinator responsible for coordinating the development and implementation of federal continuity policies.

Civil Support, Joint Publication 3-28, September 14, 2007, sets forth joint doctrine to govern the activities and performance of the Armed Forces of the United States in civil support operations and provides the doctrinal basis for interagency coordination during domestic civil support operations. It also provides overarching guidelines and principles to assist commanders and their staffs in planning and conducting joint civil support operations.

Homeland Defense, Joint Publication 3-27, July 12, 2007, provides doctrine for the defense of the US homeland across the range of military operations. It provides information on command and control, interagency and multinational coordination, and operations required to defeat external threats to, and aggression against, the homeland.

Department of Defense (DoD) Support to Domestic Incidents, January 2008, was developed by The Office of the Assistant Secretary of Defense/Homeland Defense and America’s Security Affairs. It outlines the Defense Support of Civil Authorities (DSCA) support provided by U.S. military forces (federal military, Reserve, and National Guard), DoD civilians, DoD contract personnel, DoD agency, and DoD component assets in the federal response to domestic incidents, coordinated through the mechanisms outlined in the NRF.

PPD-8, National Preparedness, March 30, 2011, strengthens the security and resilience of the United States through systematic preparation for the threats that pose the greatest risk to the security of the Nation, including acts of terrorism, cyber-attacks, pandemics, and catastrophic natural disasters. National preparedness is the shared responsibility of all levels of government, the private and nonprofit sectors, and individual citizens. Everyone can contribute to safeguarding the Nation from harm. As such, while this directive is intended to galvanize action by the Federal Government, it is also aimed at facilitating an integrated, all-of-Nation, capabilities-based approach to preparedness.

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appendix h: relaTed Conops/sops

National Response FrameworkESF 1 ESF 2 ESF 3 ESF 4 ESF 5 ESF 6 ESF 7 ESF 8 ESF 9 ESF 10 ESF 11 ESF 12

AFNORTH Air Force Northern Air Support Handbook

ARCDisaster Assessment Toolkit xInformation Management Services Disaster Assessment Program Guide

x

DHS

IRSCC GEOINT CONOPSIRSCC Natural Event Playbook xRFI Process xNICC CONOPS xIICD GA SOP xNICC RFI Process xNOC GA SOP xOIP IMC SOP x

DOE VMWG Virtual Team Playbook x

DOIDirective: Designation Management and Enforcement of Authoritative Data Sources

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EPA

EM GIS Plan xEM GIS Data Plan xEPA Central Data Exchange Short Term Emergency Response Geospatial Operations

x

EPA Central Data Exchange Emergency Response Geospatial Operations

x

EPA Headquarters Incident Management Plan

x

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Emergency Response Program CONOPSEssential Elements of Information Standard List

x

ESF 5 SOP xESF-14 Field Response GuideFEMA Geospatial Process for Damage Assessment Housing Recovery

x

FEMA Geospatial Solutions Branch On Call GIS Support SOP

x

FEMA Hurricane CONPLAN Annex B Situational Awareness

x

FEMA IMAT Geospatial Intelligence Unit Operations

x

FEMA IMAT GIS Request Form xFEMA MAC GIU Operations Support xFEMA Mapping and Analysis Center Map Request Form

x

Geospatail Process for Damage Assessment

x

FEMA Mapping and Analysis Center SOP for Obtaining GIS Support

x

FEMA N-IMAT Planning Org Chart xGeospatial HAZUS Modeling for Disaster Response and Preparedness CONOPS

x

Global Earth Observation Integrated Data Environment CONOPS

ICP-Chemical Hazardous Materials Information Collection Plan

x

ICP-Earthquake Information Collection Plan

x

ICP-Epidemic/Pandemic Information Collection Plan

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ICP-Flood Information Collection Plan

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ICP-Generic Information Collection Plan

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ICP-Hazardous Material Information Collection Plan

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ICP-Hurricane Information Collection Plan

x

ICP-Major Oil Spill Information Collection Plan

x

ICP-Nuclear Power Plan Information Collection Plan

x

ICP-Nuclear Weapons Incident Information Collection Plan

x

ICP-Olympics Information Collection Plan

x

ICP-Power Failure Information Collection Plan

x

ICP-Space Entry or Re-entry Information Collection Plan

x

ICP-Terrorist Information Collection Plan

x

ICP-Tornado Information Collection Plan

x

ICP-Tsunami Information Collection Plan

x

ICP-Volcano Information Collection Plan

x

ICP-Winter Storm Information Collection Plan

x

Joint Field Office Activaction and Operations Interagency Integrated SOP

x

Mapping and Analysis Center SOP for NRCC Support

x

MT Directorate Disaster Ops SOP x

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FEMA

National IMAT West Minimum Suggested Staffing Needs for Disaster Deployments

x

NRCC EGS Emergency Response and After Hours Support

x

NRCC SOP xRemote Sensing SOP xSituation Status Branch Drought Information Collection Plan

x

HHS ESF-8 Hurricane Response Playbook x

NGA

Damage Classification System and Color Scheme

x

Damage Classification System and Color Scheme for Fires

x

NGB Standard Operational Information Sharing Plan of Action

NOAA Storm Mapping Tutorial v2

NORTHCOMJoint Warfighter Interoperable Geospatial Intelligence CONOPS

USACESOP/Field Guide xEM GIS SOP x

USFSNational Wildfire Coordinating Group GIS SOP on Incidents

x x

Wildfire Information Collection Plan x

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Appendices


June 2012 | Version 4.0 DRAFT AppendixI:Acronyms | 183

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appendix i: aCronyms

ABFE Advisory Base Flood Elevations

AFO Area Field OfficeAFRCC Air Force Rescue Coordination

CenterAIXM Aeronautical Information

Exchange ModelARC American Red Cross

CA Congressional AffairsCAP Common Alert ProtocolCAT Crisis Action TeamCBP Customs and Border ProtectionCBRN Chemical Biological,

Radiological, and NuclearCDC Centers for Disease Control

and Prevention CFDA Catalog of Federal Domestic

Assistance

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184 | AppendixI:Acronyms Version 4.0 DRAFT | June 2012

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CI Critical InfrastructureCIMS Crisis Information Management

SoftwareCIO Chief Information OfficerCIR Critical Information

RequirementCM Community ModelCMHIS Contract Management and

Housing Inspection ServicesCOI Communities of InterestCONPLAN Concept PlanCONUS Continental United StatesCOP Common Operating PictureCOOP Continuity of OperationsCPIMD Contingency Planning and

Incident Management DivisionCRS Commercial Remote SensingCSEPP Chemical Stockpile Emergency

Preparedness Program CS Civil SupportCST National Guard Civil Support

Team CWIN Critical Infrastructure Warning

Information Network

DASC Disaster Assistance Support Center

DCE Defense Coordinating ElementDCO Defense Coordinating OfficersDE Distribution ElementDEGS Deployable Emergency

Geospatial Information System (GIS) Suite

DHHS Department of Health and Human Services

DHS Department of Homeland Security

DMAT Disaster Medical Assistance Team

DMORT Disaster Mortuary Team DoD Department of DefenseDOE Department of EnergyDOI Department of InteriorDOJ Department of JusticeDOL Department of LaborDOS Department of StateDOT Department of TransportationDPO-MA Defense Program Office for

Mission AssuranceDRG Domestic Readiness GroupDRTS Debris Removal Tracking

SystemDSCA Defense Support of Civil

Authority

EA External AffairsEAS Emergency Alert SystemEDXL Emergency Data Exchange

LanguageEEI Essential Elements of

informationEMG Emergency Management GroupEMIMS Emergency Management

Information Management System

EMS Emergency Medical Services ENS Emergency Notification System

EOC Emergency Operations CenterEPA Environmental Protection

AgencyESF Emergency Support FunctionESFLG Emergency Support Function

Leaders Group

FAA Federal Aviation Administration

FBI Federal Bureau of Investigation FCO Federal Coordinating OfficerFEMA Federal Emergency

Management AgencyFGDC Federal Geographic Data

CommitteeFIRM Flood Insurance Rate MapsFOC FEMA Operations CenterFPS Feature Portrayal Service FOUO For Official Use Only

GA Geospatial AnalystGeoCONOPS Geospatial Concept of

Operations GDM Geospatial Data ModelGII Geospatial Information

InfrastructureGIS Geospatial Information SystemGISC Geographic Information

System CoordinatorGIU Geospatial Intelligence UnitGMO Geospatial Management OfficeGPR Geospatial Production RequestGSA General Services

Administration

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HAS Homeland Security AdvisorHAVE Hospital Availability ExchangeHazMat Hazardous MaterialHAZUS Hazards U.S. Multi-hazardsHD Homeland DefenseHLT Hurricane Liaison TeamHM Hazard and MitigationHQ HeadquartersHSDN Homeland Secure Data

NetworkHSIN Homeland Security Information

NetworkHSIN-I Homeland Security Information

Network- IntelligenceHSIP Homeland Security

Infrastructure ProgramHSPD Homeland Security Presidential

DirectiveHUD United States Department

of Housing and Urban Development

HURREVAC Hurricane Evacuation

I&A Intelligence & AnalysisIA Individual AssistanceIASD Infrastructure Analysis and

Strategy DivisionIAP Incident Action PlanIAS International Assistance SystemiCAV Integrated Common Analytical

ViewerICEPP Incident Communications

Emergency Policy and Procedures

ICG Interagency Coordination Group

ICP Information Collection PlanICPACC Incident Communications

Public Affairs Coordination Committee

ICS Incident Command SystemIDP Imagery Derived ProductsIEPD Information Exchange Package

DocumentsIGA Intergovernmental AffairsIICD Infrastructure Information

Collection DivisionIIPG Initial Incident Planning GroupIMAAC Interagency Modeling and

Atmospheric Assessment Center

IMAT Incident Management Assistance Teams

IMC Incident Management CellIMPT Incident Management Planning

TeamIOC Infrastructure of ConcernIOF Interim Operating FacilityIP Infrastructure ProtectionIRSCC Interagency Remote Sensing

Coordination CellISS International Situation

SummaryIST Incident Support TeamITT Information Transaction

Inventory

JFO Joint Field Office

JFLCC Joint Land Forces Component Command

JIC Joint Information CenterJOC Joint Operations CenterJRIES Joint Regional Information

Exchange SystemJTF Joint Task ForcesJWICS Joint Worldwide Intelligence

Communications System

KMO Knowledge Management Officer

LANL Los Alamos National Laboratories

LIDAR Light Detection and RangingLSA Logistical Staging Areas

MAA Mutual Aid Agreement MA Mission AssignmentMAC Mapping and Analysis CenterMACC Multiagency Coordination

CenterMACD Military Assistance for Civil

DisturbanceMAT Mitigation Assessment TeamME Mission EngineeringMERS Mobile Emergency Response

SupportMIGS Mobile Integrated Geospatial

Intelligence SystemMIL Military MOA Memorandum of Agreement A

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MOU Memorandum of Understanding

MWCL Master Watch Control Log

NAS National Airspace SystemNASA National Aeronautics and Space

AdministrationNCC National Coordination Center

for TelecommunicationsNCS National Communications

SystemNDMS National Disaster Medical

SystemNEF National Essential FunctionNEFRLS National Emergency Family

Registry and Locator SystemNFIP National Flood Insurance

ProgramNGA National Geospatial-

Intelligence AgencyNGB National Guard Bureau NGO Nongovernmental

Organizations NHC National Hurricane CenterNICC National Infrastructure

Coordinating CenterNICCL National Incident

Communications Conference Line

NIEM National Information Exchange Model

NIEM-M National Information Exchange Model-Maritime

NIMS National Incident Management System

NIPP National Infrastructure Protection Plan

NISAC National Infrastructure Simulation and Analysis Center

NJIC National Joint Information Center

NMSZ New Madrid Seismic ZoneNOA Notice of ArrivalNOAA National Oceanic and

Atmospheric AdministrationNOC National Operations CenterNPPD National Protection and

Programs DirectorateNPS National Park ServiceNRC Nuclear Regulatory

CommissionNRCC National Response

Coordination CenterNRF National Response FrameworkNSI National Suspicious Activity

Report InitiativeNSS National Shelter SystemNSSE National Special Security

EventsNST NGA Support TeamNVOAD National Volunteers Active in

DisastersNWS National Weather Service

OCONUS Outside the Continental United States

OD Operations DirectorODP Office for Domestic

PreparednessOGC Open Geospatial Consortium

OLA Office of Legislative AffairsOPA Office of Public AffairsOPM Office of Personnel

Management OPLAN Operational PlanOPORDER Operational OrderORNL Oakridge National LaboratoryOSHA Occupational Safety and Health

AdministrationOSHE Occupational Safety, Health,

and Environment

PA Public AssistancePDA Preliminary Damage

AssessmentPFO Principal Federal OfficialPHT Planning and Response Team PICCL Private Sector Incident

Communications Conference Line

PIO Public Information Officer PKEMRA Post Katrina Emergency

Management Reform ActPODs Points of DistributionPOS Office of Operations

Coordination and PlanningPPDR Private Property Debris

RemovalPSA Public Service AnnouncementPSMA Pre-Scripted Missions

Assignment

RDA Rapid Damage Assessment

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REPP Radiological Emergency Preparedness Program

RFA Request for AssistanceRFI Request for InformationRMIS Resource Information

Management SystemRRCC Regional Response

Coordination Center RS Remote Sensing

SAA Special Activity AirspaceSAR Search and RescueSBA Small Business AdministrationSCO State Coordinating OfficerSFO Senior Federal Official SHIRA Strategic Homeland

Infrastructure Risk AssessmentSICCL State Incident Communications

Conference LineSLFC State and Local Fusion CenterSLOSH Sea, Land, Overland, Surge

From HurricanesSME Subject Matter ExpertSNL Sandia National LaboratoriesSNS Strategic National Stockpile SOP Standard Operating ProceduresSOC Secretary’s Operations CenterSWAT Special Weapons And TacticsSWO Senior Watch Officer

TAC Technical Assistance Contractors

TEMP Temporary

TCPED Tasking, Collection, Processing, Exploitation, & Dissemination

TSA Transportation Security Administration

UCS Unified Command System USACE United States Army Corps of

EngineersUSAF United States Air ForceUSAID United States Agency for

International DevelopmentU.S.C. United States CodeUSCG United States Coast GuardUSDA United States Department of

AgricultureUSFS United States Forest ServiceUSGS United States Geological

SurveyUSNORTHCOM United States Northern

CommandUSPACOM United States Pacific CommandUS&R Urban Search and Rescue

VAL Voluntary Agency LiaisonVA-NPSC Virginia National Processing

Support CenterVMWG Visualization and Modeling

Working GroupVOAD Voluntary Organizations Active

in DisastersVOLAG Voluntary AgencyVTC Video Teleconference

WFO Weather Forecast OfficeWFS Web Feature ServicesWMD Weapons of Mass DestructionWMS Web Map Services

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Appendices

dhs-geocon ops

Documents

geospatial support

geospatial data

geospatial requirements

geospatial capabilities

geospatial communities

geospatial management

geospatial management

geospatial mission support202