UNITED STATES

DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR

GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

NEARSHORE SURFICIAL SEDIMENT TEXTURES- p*>:'+:

BEAUFORT SEA, ALASKA 2 Y , r .+,

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BY *. - ~- v+ L

e Peter Barnes, Erk R e i m n i t z , and ~ o b i n Ross

U . S. Geological Survey

OPEN FILE REPORT

80- 196

This report is preliminary and has not been edited or reviewed for conformity with Geological Survey standards and nomenclature.

Nearshore S u f i c i a l Sediment Textures--Beaufort Sea, Alaska

P e t e r Barnes, Eck Reimnitz and Robin Ross

INTRODUCTION

The s u r f i c i a l sediment c h a r a c t e r of inne r s h e l f sediments is a commonly

used parameter i n t h e i n t e r p r e t a t i o n of s e d h e n t a r y processes and sedimentary

environments. We have c o l l e c t e d a l a r g e number of samples and have made

obse rva t ions on t h e s u r f i c i a l sediments fran the i n n e r s h e l f of t h e Beaufort

Sea. These d a t a a r e compiled to a i d o t h e r geologica l and non-geological

researchers .

T h i s r e p o r t summarizes Beaufort Sea nearshore t e x t u r a l data on s u r f i c i a l

sediments f r a n a v a r i e t y of sources. The d a t a include l abo ra to ry ana lyses ,

f i e l d no t e s , d i v i n g observa t ions , and publ ished r e p o r t s . The d i v e r s i t y of

da t a sources , t h e ways i n which t h e information might be used, and t h e dens i ty

of data suggest that a c l a s s i f i c a t i o n of sediment t e x t u r e s similar to that of

Trefe then (1950) would be most useful. The t h r e e end members we use i n t h i s

c l a s s i f i c a t i o n a r e g rave l , sand, and mud; gravel-sand and sand-mud boundaries

are nominally set a t 2 mm and 0.062 nrm r e spec t ive ly . The data are graph ica l ly

d i sp layed i n f i g u r e s 1-a and 1-b. Sample d e s c r i p t i o n s and o t h e r p a r t i c u l a r s

are given i n t h e Appendix.

OBSERVATIONS

The most s t r i k i n g observa t ion is t h e d i v e r s i t y and pa t ch ines s of t h e

s u r f i c i a l sediment t e x t u r e s found on t h e i n n e r s h e l f . T h i s c h a r a c t e r i s

e v i d e n t a t l a r g e s c a l e (Figs. 1-a and 1-b) and a t a sma l l e r s c a l e based on

obeerva t ions made dur ing d iv ing t r a v e r s e s a long t h e seabed (Reimnitz and

Maurer, 1978 ) . Cores indicate t h a t t h e d i v e r s i t y i n sedimentary c h a r a c t e r extends

vertically as well as l a t e r a l l y (Barnes and others, 1978). A l a t e r a l sediment

divermity i r c h a r 8 c t e r i r t i c of t h e e n t i r e Beaufort Sea mhelf on a r eg iona l

meale (Barnes and Reimnitz, 1974). Thi s d i v e r s i t y in no t r e a d i l y explained by

t a m p r a t e l a t i t u d e ~ h e l f wocemses.

Small-eeale v a r i a b i l i t y is emphasized i n d iv ing observa t ions along 3 0 0 t o

400 ui traverses o f f Reindeer I s land , where c l ean sand ridges were separa ted by

bioturbated muds (Reimnitz and Barnes, 1974, p. 323) . A t some l oca t ions on

the aeaward end of the t r a v e r s e s , numerous blocks and s l a b s of a s t i f f , s i l t y

c l a y were encountered. These apparent ly o r ig ina t ed £ran nearby outcrops.

Based on d iv ing observa t ions made i n the vicinity of the series of s h o a l s ,

Reimnitz and Maurer (1978) noted t h a t "wer much of the area gene ra l i za t ion of

rediment types cannot be made because of the extreme, s h o r t d i e t ance

v a r i a t i o n s " such as those sketched below.

W I k k U L W I I b awl- -- -

Diver's ske tch of a shoal no r theas t of Oliktok Point which i l l u s t r a t e s t h e v a r i a b i l i t y of s u r f i e i a l rediment t ex tu re s . Area covered is about 500 rn of the aeabed across and seaward of t h e shoal (Reimnitz and Maurer, 1978).

One process respons ib le f o r t h e d i v e r s i t y i s i c e gouging, which exposes

mediments on the aeabed which may have been i n i t i ~ l l y depos i ted undex

different hydraul ic and/or ice regimes than t hose i n t h e present . The

presence of i c e a t o r near t h e sea floor a l s o a c t s to l o c a l l y i n t e n s i f y

currents and conuequently to l o c a l l y modify sediment textures, From seismic

data m know t h a t on part# of the inner mhelf, Holocene marine rediments a r e

odly & few metere thick (Fkimitz and others, 1972). The p o e s i b i l i t y of

inc luding sediment t e x t u r e s r e l i c t from ea r l i e r depos i t i ona l e n v i r o m e n t s by

the modern process of i c e gouging (Reimnitz and Barnes, 1974) and mtrudle

=our, which can exhume sediments to depths of s eve ra l meters , i s almost

c e r t a i n (Reimnitz and o t h e r s , 1974 1 .

Naidu and Mowatt (1976) unsuccessfu l ly attempted t o c h a r a c t e r i z e the

inner she l f geographic e n v i r o m e n t s on t h e b a s i s of textural parameters

alone. Oaographic depoei t iondl environment8 euch as bay and lagoon do not

e x i s t in textural terms. For example, t h e s e au thors a s s i g n Harrison Bay and

Prudhoe Bay to the same depos i t i ona l sub fac i e s (Naidu and Mowattt, 1976, p. D-

10). F i g w e 1 shows t h a t Prudhoe Bay su r f ace t e x t u r e s a r e muds with

admixtures of sand and g rave l , while Harr ison Bay i s dominantly a sandy facie6

inmediately off t h e Co lv i l l e Del ta , with -re muddy sediments seaward. A

comparison of t h e v e r t i c a l s t r a t i g r a p h y also shows a great d i s p a r i t y i n t he

tm environments (Barnes and o t h e r s , 1979). The d i s p a r i t y , however, i s to be

expected when environmental f a c t o r s a f f e c t i n g sedimentat ion i n t hese two areas

are considered. Prudhoe Bay i s a well p ro t ec t ed shallow embapent which has

only m d e r a t e f e t c h a v a i l a b l e f o r wave build-up i n summer. I n win ter a s t a b l e

ice shee t sugges ts ice gouging i s of minor Importance. Harrison Bay can be

expoeed to f e t c h e s i n excess of 50 ka when ice i s well o f f sho re during t h e

mumner. During t h e winter the bay ie s u b j e c t to i c e r idge developnent and to

r e p e t i t i v e gouging of the seabed by i c e (Reimnitz and o t h e r s , 1978; Barnes and

other., 1978).

The variability of ourface t e x t u r e s i n t h e nearshore e d i m e n t implies a

varied b io log ic canmunity; The b io log ic community i n one t e x t u r a l l y d iverse

mnviroment off the Sagavanirktok River is emphasized by Dunton (1979).

The thin nature of the Holocene cover, which ie often broken by outcrops

of a Pleimtoeene rtiff, r i l t y clay, as well ae by local #nd areal textural

heterogeneity, cauclee variations i n the engineering character of nearmurface

mediments ae well. Furthermore, the availabil ity of gravel muggeated by the

murficial mdiment distribution is tempered by the uncertain thickness and

vertical and lateral variabil ity of gravel which, i n places, i s known to e x i s t

only as a nurface veneer (Barnes and Reimnitz, 1 9 7 4 ) . Potential gravel

renources w i l l have to be de l ineated by ehallow drilling.

REFERENCES

Barnes, P.W., and Reimnit t , mk, 1974, Sedimentary processes on u c t i c mhelves

off the nor thern coae t of Alaska, Reed, J.C. and S a t e r , J.E., eds.:

The Coast and Shelf of the Beaufort Sea, The Arctic Inet. of N. Am.,

Arlington, Va., p. 439-576.

Barnes, P.W., M c D o r ~ e l l , D.M., and Reimnitz, Erk, 1978, Ice gouging

c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s : t h e i r changing p a t t e r n s from 1975-1977, Beaufort Sea,

Alaska, U.S . Geological Survey Open-File Rept. 78-730, 40 p.

Barnes, P.W., Fteimnitz, Erk, T ~ i m i l , L.J., Maurer, D.K., and McDowell, D.M.,

1979, Core d e s c r i p t i o n s and prel iminary observat ion8 of v ib raco res from

t h e Alaskan Beaufort Sea s h e l f , U . S . Geological Suntey Open-File Report

79-351, 71 pa

Dunton, K., a n d Sehonber, S., 1979, An arctic kelp canmunity i n Stefansson

Sound Alaeka: A survey of the f l o r a and fauna , & Broad, A.D., ed.,

Environmental assessment of s e l e c t e d h a b i t a t s i n the Beaufort and

Qlukchi l i t t o r a l System; Annual Report t o t h e Bureau of Land Management,

Outer Cont inenta l Shelf Environmental Assessment Program, Reaearch Uni t

356, p. 3-1 t o 3-49.

Naidu, A.S. , end Mowatt, T.C., 1976, S ign i f i cance of textural cr i ter ia i n t h e

recognition of ancient polar d e l t a i c sediment, H i l l e r , T.P., ed.,

,Recent and Ancient Sedimentary Environments i n Alaska, Alaska Geological

Bocicty, Anchorage, Alaska, p. D-1 t o D-12.

Reimnitz, R k , Wolf, S.C., and Rodeiek, C.A., 1972, Pre l iminary i n t e r p r e t a t i o n

of aeimic p r o f i l e s i n t h e Prudhoe Bay a r e a , Beaufort Sea, A l a s k a , U. S .

G e o l ~ i c a l Survey Open-File Report 75-548.

Reimnitz, Erk, and Barnes, P.W., 1974, Sea ice as a geo log i c agent on the

Baaufort Sea mhelf of A l a a k a , in Reed, J.C., and Sater, J.E., eds.,:

The Coast and Shelf of the Beaufort Sea, The Arctic Inst. of N . A m . ,

Arlington, Va., p. 301-351.

Re imni t t , Erk, and Haurer, D.X. ,1978, Stamukhi shoals of the arctic - some observations fran the Beaufort Sea, U.S. G e o l o g i c a l Survey Open-Fi le

Report 780-666, 17 p.

Reimnitz, Erk, T o i m i l , L.J., and Barnes, P.W., 1978, Arctic c o n t i n e n t a l shelf

nrorphology related to ma-ice zonation, Beaufort Sea, Alaska, Marine

Geology, v. 28, p. 179-210,

Reimnitz, Erk , Rodeick, C.A., and Wolf, S.C., 1974, S t r u d e l scour: A unique

a r c t i c marine g e o l o g i c phenomenon, Jour. of Sed. Petrology, v. 44 ,

no. 1 , p . 409-420.

~ r e f e t h e n , 1950, Pettijohn, F . J . , 1957, Sedimentary Rocks, New York, Harper

and Brothers , p .24.

APPENDIX

Thi s appendix con ta ins f i e l d sample number, l o c a t i o n , depth from which

sample was recoverd, and textural information on sediment samples from the

inmhore areas of the Beaufort Sea off c e n t r a l nor thern Alaska (F igs . la and

lb ) . Sample number, l o c a t i o n , and depth are self explanatory.

Textural information is presented in three ways. Where size analyses

have been performed, t h e percent of g rave l , sand, s i l t , and c l ay i s given (NA

= no analys i s ) . Field and l abo ra to ry notes on s u r f i c i a l sediment t e x t u r e a r e

also pxesented when ava i l ab l e . Using the s i z e data or t h e sample desc r ip t ion

when no size data are a v a i l a b l e , a one t o three l e t t e r d e s c r i p t o r was

determined. The l a s t l e t t e r of the d e s c r i p t o r has been capitalized and

represents t h e major c o n s t i t u e n t of t h e sample (e.g. gmS = grave l ly , muddy

sand). Where only the desc r ip to r was used there was some degree of

s u b j e c t i v i t y involved so no desc r ip t ion was included. Silt and c l a y have been

combined i n the d e s c r i p t o r s because these two size clases were o f t e n

ind i s t i ngu i shab le .

Sample Description

L a t i t u d e Depth Field No. Long4 tude (M)

71 ABP 12 70°18.0'N 26 146'05'W

71 ABP 14 70°25 .0' N 28 147OO5'W

71 ABP 23 70°3B.4'N 27 148"04'W

%Gravel %Sand XSil t X C l ay

g,G = grave l s , S = sand m,M = clay and s i l t (mud)

gse-Tube worms a n d tubes, b r i t t l e s t a r s , clams, and polychaete worms. A 1-cm O O Z E overl ies a green, highly cohesive lower unit .

s ~ - B r i t t l e s t a r s and t u b e w o m s . Cohesive c l a y , no apparent pebbles .

gs~-Sandy mud w i t h miscellaneous s i ted pebbles. Surface l aye r i s a greenish-grey soup 1-2 cm t h i c k , underlain by a s t i f f , grey mud w i t h abundant pebbles(to 15 cm diameter) .

gsM-Grey, p l a s t i c , s l i g h t l y s i l t y c l ay , w i t h sparse sand and gravel (maximum 5-cm gravel diameter) . Dark, grey clay below grey surface 1 ayer .

sgM-Brittle s t a r s , tube worm and amphi pods. Two laye r s : 1 cm red-brown ooze over an olive-grey, more cohesive m u d .

gsM-Brittle s t a r , sna i l she l l , and polychaete worms. A few pebbles ( 1 6 cm) . 01 ive-gray c lay s i l t of f i n e and very cohesive t e x t u r e . Darker grey a t bottom.

msG-Sampl e loaded with pebbles and 1 arger rocks along w i t h sandy c lay ; random s c a t t e r and roundness. A 1 arge number o f reduced areas . No textura l Zonation o r s o r t i n g .

gmS-Brittle s t a r , tube worms. A soupy , s i l t y c lay ooze l aye r on t o p o f a brown-, grey, o l i v e cohesive c l ay . Some pebbles ( < I en) dispersed i n sample.

sM-Exceptionally s t i f f grey c lay with minor sand cons t i tuen t .

mS-Clean, well sorted s i l t . No fauna or gravel observed.

%Gravel Sample Descr ip t ion

XSa nd g , ~ = gravel L a t i t u d e Depth % S i l t s r S = sand

Fie ld No. Longitude (M) %clay m * n = c l a y a n d s i l t ( m u d )

7 1 A J T 2 70°20,6'N 2.6 S:9 D sM-Coarse c l a y or very f i n e s i l t . No gravel 14B023.2'W o r organisms observed. Top 1 crn has a h i g h 77.8 S t H20 conten t .

16.4 C

71 AJT 3 7O027.O'N 8.5 0.0 G sM-Fine s i l t w i t h 5 t o 15% c l a y . TWO 1 cm 148"75.3'W 29.8 S pel ecypods .

54.2 S t

71 AJT 4 7O030.O'N 11 .3 0.0 G mS-Very coarse s i l t . A minor amount o f c l a y . 148"OO.O'W 62.4 S Numerous woms .

32.3 St 5.3 C

71 AJT 5 70°26.2'N 6.7 2.9 G gmS-Worm tubes on t o p . Poorly s o r t e d . Some 148°00.0'W 79.7 S c l a y s and s i l t s , predominantly coarse

12.9 S t sands. ( l a r q e s t p a r t i c l e s <7 mn) . 4.4 c Medium olive-grey color,

71 AJT 6 70°22.6'N 4.6 0.0 G rnS-Well sorted f i n e sand , no c l a y . ~ 5 % s i l t . 148°00.0'W 98.3 S No fauna observed.

1 .7 S t 0.0 c

71 AJT 7 70°23.5'N 7.6 0.0 G mS-Sil t , some bottom fauna . 147 '45 .O 'W 80.6 S

13.5 S t 5.9 C

71 AJT 8 70°22,1'N 6.7 0.0 G sM-Sil t , one f i s h , one l i v e pelecypod, pelecy- 147O3O.O'W 48.0 S pod va lve , and worms.

38.5 St

71 AJT 9 70°18.5'N 5.5 39.7 G mGS-Sand, s i l t , c l a y , with a s so r t ed subrounded 147"30.0'W 39.7 S gravel (<2.5 cm) ; no s o r t i n g . Top 1 cm -

14.6 S t 1.5 cm i s s i l t a n d c1 ay . No gravel .

71 AJT 1 0 70°14.0'N 5.0 9:4 k sM-Fine t o very f i n e sand , some s i l t . Small 147O3O.O1W 12.3 S t pel ecypod .

5.7 S 71 AJT 11 70°16.8'N 8.5

18:P ! sM-1 cm o f 01 i v e grey c l a y , h igh H 0 c o n t e n t , 147°15.0'W ove r ly ing a greyish b l ack , s l ig i t ly silty

66.6 S t c l a y . One segmented worm.

L a t i t u d e Depth f i e l d No. Longitude ( M ) -- 71 AJT 12 70b11 . 3 ' N 5.2

147O02 . O t W

71 AJT 13 70°12.8'N 4.0 147e80.0'W

71 AJT 14 70" 16.3'N 4.9 147"O0.OtW

71 AJT 15 70°23.8'N 2.6 148"29.0'W

71 AJT 16 70°26.5'N 7.0 148°30.0'U

71 AJT 1 7 7O028.0'N 4 . 6 14Bo45.0'W

71 AJT 18 70°31.0'N 13.7 148'45 . O I W

71 AJT 19 70°29.2'N 8.8 148"30.0'U

71 AJT 20 70°31.8'N 14.6 148°30.0'W

71 AJT 21 70°34.3'N 16.8 148'45 . O t W

%Gravel Sample Description

%Sand g,G = grave1 XSil t s.S = sand Xcl ay m,M = clay and s i l t (mud)

0.0 G sM-Very f ine s i l t w i t h clay. Very s o f t . 45.9 S High H20 content. 39.9 S t 14.2 C

0.06 sM-01 ive grey fine-grained clayey s i l t with 28.5 5 many worn tubes. 50.2 S t 21.3 c

0.0 G sM-Silty clay, very s t i cky , we11 sorted. 11.9 S

14.7 G gmS-Fine sand and s i l t . Minor lenses o f organic 57.1 S mater ia l . No s t r a t i f i c a t i o n . No fauna. 22.8 St

5.3 C

0.0 G mS-Coarse s i l t . A zone of f i n e sand a n d shel l 56.7 S fragments a t 5 cm. ( l e s s than 3 m i n 30.6 S t thickness) Brown color a t approximately 12.7 C 3 cm,

1.7 G gsM-At approximately 12 crn f r o m surface 2 cm 16.0 S o f subangular pebbles ( ~ 2 m , c4 m m ) . Fine 60.8 S t s a n d layer (.5cm t h i c k ) a t 3-4 crn f rom 21.4 C s u r f a c e . Rest of sample i s mostly clay.

0.0 G sM-Clay surface 1 cm 1 ight t o medium brown. 12.7 S H i g h water content. 49.4 S t 37.8 C

0.0 G sM-Top several mm o f l i g h t t o medium brown 45.1 S c lay over1 ies coarse s i l t and very f i ne 35.1 S t sand with a few w h i t e coarse sand-sized 19.7 C fragments.

0.0 G sM-Top 1.5-2 cm o f f i n e brownish c l a y and s i l t 24.6 S over1 ies a grey, very s l i g h t l y s i l t y 48.2 S t c lay . A few worms present , 27.1 C

3.0 G gmS-Poorly sorted s a n d s w i t h minor s i l t and 89.1 S pebbles. Broken she1 1 fragments ccmmon.

4 .6 st A whole pelecypod. 3.2 C

'Ltrsvel %Sand

L a t i t u d e Depth %Slit F i e l d No. Longitude (M) %Clay

71 AJT 22 70°35.5'N 20.4 148'30 . O ' W

71 AJT 23 70°30.9'N 11.0 149°00.0'W

71 AJT 24 70°34.8'N 17.8 149°00.0'W

71 AJT 28 70°43.6'N 18.0 149O45.O'W

71 AJT 29 70°39.4'N 14.6 149O45,O'W

71 AJT 30 70°34 .7 ' N 7.6 149'45 ,O'W

71 AJT 31 70°33.8'N 7.6 150°07 .7 'U

71 AJT 32 70°35.0'N 8.5 150°30.0 '~

Sample Description

g,G gravel s,S = sand m,M = clay and s i l t (mud)

msG-Very poorly sor ted s i l t , sand, s u b r o u n d e d pebbles and l a rge ( 5 cm) pebbles, minor c l a y . Grey be1 ow 5 cm, brown brindle above.

9 s ~ - A c lay , s i l t , f ine t o medium-grained san? mixture, poorly so r t ed . Sparse gravel o f uniform diameter (0.8-1.m) a1 so p resen t .

mgS-Fine-grained sand w i t h some s i l t a n d c lay . Sparse gravel of uni f o n s i z e (1 cm) . Swne reddish rust brown co lo r t o a depth o f 6 cm.

gmS-Unsorted mixture o f c lay , s i 1 t, s a n d , a n d gravel ( u p t o 2.5 cm) .

mS-Well sor ted medium-grained sand with small she l l fragments. Located on t o p of s h o a l .

gsM-Cl ay w i t h lenses of s i l t and s a n d , no ob- vious s t r a t i f i c a t i o n . Some she l l fragments. Numerous bottom fauna; worms and f i s h .

gmS-Fine-grained t o med-grained sand w i t h some s i l t . Abundant small and l a rge pelecypod fra merits. No s t r a t i f i c a t i o n . Moderately B we1 so r t ed .

mgS-Top 5 cm i s coarse sand a n d small pebbles (maximum diameter 1 cm). Poorly sorted. Below t h i s i s 3 cm of v iscous c lay . Ho s i l t .

gmS-Slightly s i l t y o l i v e grey c lay a t the t o p g r a d i n g uniformly t o f i n e , medium-grained darker sand a t 6 cm depth. Sand-size shell fragments common.

sM-An upper 1.5 cm o f c lay with very minor s i l t , overlying 4 crn o f moderate t o poorly so r t ed coarse t o f ine-grained sands w i t h she1 1 pel ecypod fragments.

sM-An upper 1 cm dark ye1 lowish brown c l a y overlying 5 crn of f i n e t o very f i ne 01 ive grey and black sand. Moderately well so r t ed . She1 1 fragments not observed.

Sample Descript ion %Gravel %Sand % S i l t X C l sy

g,G = gravel s,S = send m,M = c l a y a n d s i l t (mud)

1 s t i tude Depth Field No. Longitude (H)

sH-Yellowish brown c lay . H inor amounts o f s i l t a r e present . No v a r i a t i o n f r o m t h e top t o t h e bottom i n t h e 5-6 cm sample, except f o r t h e usual h igh water content o f t h e sur face l a y e r , No co lo r . or any o t h e r change with depth.

71 AJT 33 70°40.5'N 16.2 150°30 .O ' W

mS-Slightly s i l t y c l a y with s i l t l e n s e s . No v a r i a t i o n with depth except f o r higher water conten t near t h e s u r f a c e , and a co lo r change from brown a t t h e su r f ace t o grey below. Black mott l ing observed.

71 AJT 36 70°46.0'N 18.0 15O03O.0'W

sM-0.5 t o 1 cm of l i g h t o l i v e grey c l a y w i t h s i l t , overlying w e l l so r t ed f ine - gra ined , 01 ive grey sand (could have been a l e n s , b u t l a t e r a l e x t e n t unknown) A bottom l a y e r o f s i l t y , p l a s t i c , s l i g h t l y organic dark grey c l a y .

71 AJT 35 70°52.0'N 19.8 150°30.0'W

mS-Very f i n e t o f ine-gra i n e d dark ye1 1 owi sh brown sand. No v e r t i c a l variation.

71 AJT 36 70°44.0'N 17.1 1 5O0O7,5'W

71 AJT 37 7O029.0'N 2.1 149"06.5'W

sM-Very poorly so r t ed sand, s i l t , and c l a y No s t r a t i f i c a t i o n o r v e r t i c a l " a r i a t i o n .

sH-Sample 0'1 0 cm. Upper 5-6 cm i s we7 1 sorted, f ine-gra ined sand w i t h cons iderable m u d . Some sand-f ree c l a y i s seen; suspec t e i t h e r bioturba- t i o n o r mixing f rom ice movement. The lower 4-5 cm was well s o r t e d , c l a y - f r e e , f ine-grained s a n d .

sM-Clayey s i l t . High water conten t i n t o p 0.5-1 cm of brown c o l o r . Darker grey below t o about 5 cm. Brown pene t r a t e s grey i n a v e r t i c a l , 1 inear mot t l e .

71 AJT 40 70°35.3'N 10.4 14g022 .5'W

sM-Olive grey c l a y . No apparent s i l t o r s a n d , but appears t o be agglomerated i n t o small gra ins . The t o p 0.25 cm i s o f a brown co lo r .

mS-Poorly s o r t e d , ye1 lowish brown and b l a c k , medium t o f i ne-grained sands with abundant s h e l l fragments. No s i l t and no c l a y .

XGrsvel S a n d

L a t i t u d e Depth XS51 t Field No. Long i tude ( M ) %Clay

71 AJT 43 7Oo30.O'N 22.6 10.6 G 147"3O.O1W 25.7 5

32.4 S t 31.2 C

71 AJT 44 70°25 .8 'N 1 0 NA 147O36.7 ' W

71 AJT 45 70°24 .0 'N 3 . 4 0.0 G 14Be15.O'W 99 .1 S

0.9 St 0.0 C

70 BS-A 70 °29 .B 'N 3 . 5 0 .0 G 150°02.2'W 5 . 3 S

Sample Description g,G = gravel s,S = s8nd m,M = clay and s i l t (mud)

gmS-Dl i v e grey clay w i t h s f l t , sand, and gravel , No sorting. No vertical variation.

gsM-Dark grey c lay , w i t h small amount of sand and gravel which appears t o have been a d d e d to

. t h e c l a y .

mG-Mostly rounded gravel up t o approx. 10 cm. Appears t o be an o l i v e grey c l a y matrix, T h i s i s real ly the only station l o c a t e d near what appears t o be year-round f a s t i c e .

mS-Yell owish brown and black very fine-grained sand. Wel l sorted, nothing larger. No c lay . One isopod and one she'll f ragment (Pelecypod?)

s M No Descri p t i o n

gmS No D e s c r i p t i o n

gms No D e s c r i p t i o n

S-c lean sand.

mS No Description

gmS-Thin f i l m o f medium sand overlying brownish mud overlying a dark grey, s l i g h t l y s t i f f mud.

rnS-Well sorted, c1 ean, medium-grained sand. o v e r l a i n by t h i n mud f i l m .

Sample Description g.G = qrsvtl s,S = sand m,H = clay and sjlt (mud)

Latitude Depth Long3 t u d e (M) Field No.

mS-Clean sand. Many small, fragile clam shells o f v a r i o u s types ( t a k e n next t o i c e e d g e ) .

mS-Muddy s a n d . Small clam shells.

sK-Grey mud, w i t h a 2-cm s a n d y layer on t o p . Some shells.

m S - 1 . 5 cm layers o f s a n d a n d mud.

mS-Grey , sandy mud.

sM-Brownish grey mud.

sM-Brownish grey mud w i t h some organic debris .

sM-Very muddy sand, wi th soft ooze on t o p .

m S - S a n d . Some small s h e l l s ,

mS-Sand. Numerous benthic organisms, small clam, amphipods, large turibella-1 i k e snail . Thin layer (approx. 1 cm) of muddy sediment on t o p .

mS-Clean sand, t h i n (approx. 1 em) mud layer on t o p . No organisms .(From a steep ridge .)

L a t i t u d e Depth Field No. Longitude (M)

71 AER 3 70°34.9'N 2.0 150°43.8 'W

71 AER 4 70°33.4 N 1.3 150°44 .7 W

71 AER 5 70'32 . B I N 1.5 150°45.5'W

71 AER 6 70°32.4'N 1.7 150°46.2'W

%Grave1 XSsnd X S i l t XCl ay

S a m p l e D e s c r S p t i o n 9.6 w g r a v e l s , S = Sand m,M = c lay a n d s i l t ( m u d )

rnS-Fine s a n d , t r a c e s o f o r g a n i c m a t t e r .

mS-Clean s a n d w i t h t i n film of m u d o n t o p . No p e b b l e s . No s h e l l s .

mS-Clean s a n d w i t h t h i n film o f mud. One small p e l e c y p o d ( f r o m t o p o f r i d g e ) .

sM-Grey mud; mud i s s o f t a b o v e w i t h s l i g h t s t r a t i f i c a t i o n , and c o h e s i v e a n d f i m ~ b e l o w .

No D e s c r i p t i o n

sG-Vos t l y g r a v e l .

mS-Well-packed f i n e , brownish-grey silty sand w i t h dark p a r t i c u l a t e o r g a n i c m a t t e r .

mS-Fine brown s i l t y sand. No o r g a n i c m a t t e r v i s i b l e . H a r d bottom.

rnS-Fine b r o w n i s h s i l t y sand. S l i g h t l y c o a r s e r t h a n l a s t s t a t i o n . Hard packed.

mS No Description

m S - U n d u l a t i n g b o t t o m . Some spots appear t o be g e t t i n g s o f t e r . Ha rd , f ine, brownish s i l t y s a n d . No n o t i c e a b l e organ ic m a t t e r .

Lati tude Depth f i e l d No, Longitude (M)

71 AER 9 70°34.0'N 3.6 150'44 .O'W

71 AER 10 70835.0'N 7.0 150B44 . O ' W

71 AER 11 70°35.8'N 10.7 150'44 .O'U

71 AER 12 70°29.4'N 3.0 150'01.4 ' W

71 AER 1 3 70°28.4'N 3.0 150e08.8'W

71 AER 1 4 70'34.1 ' N 7.0 149°5B.9'W

71 AER 15 70°19.0'N 1.0 148'1 9 ,O'U

71 AER 16 70°1B.9'N 3.0 148O20.7'W

71 AER 18 70°20.6'N 2.7 148O25.2'W

71 AER 19 70e21.3'N 1.5 148O27.1 'Y

Sample Descrfptfon g,G gravel s.5 = s and m,M c lay and s i l t (mud)

mS-No undulat ions. A 1-cm th ick brownish s i l t y l a y e r o v e r l i e s a grey sandy s i l t with much f ibrous organic matter .

mS-Brown sandy silt. No fauna or noticeable organic matter.

sM-Brown c l a y e y s i l t . Some f i n e l y d i s s e ~ i n a t e d dark organic mat ter .

sM-Soft brownish s f 1 t y c l a y , no not iceable organf c m a t t e r , No fauna.

sM-Dark grey mott led, s i l t y c l ay . Apparently no s t r a t i f i c a t i o n .

M-Silty c l ay . Grey t o brown-grey, with burrow mot t l ing . No s t r a t i f i c a t i o n . S t i f f a t bottom end o f 24-cm core.

sM-Grey s i l t y c l a y , very s t i f f a t bottom of 20-cm long core. Brownish on t o p . Perhaps a sandy admixture. No s t r a t i f i c a t i o n .

mS-2 cm o f dark, coarse s i l t y sand over1 i e s a 0.5 cm organic l a y e r w i t h f ib rous n a t e r i a l , over a dark coarse s i l t y sand l a y e r , over a c l ay - r i c t l aye r .

sM-Dark grey s i l t y s t i f f c l a y . Sof ter and brownish i n upper 5 cm. A few pebbles ( u p t o 1 crn d iam. ) No organisms.

M-Dark grey s i l t y clay. No obvious s t r u c t u r e s , pebbles , o r organisms.

gsM-Dark grey, very s t i f f s f l t y c l ay . No s t ruc ture observed.

sM-Fine t o medium-grained brownish s i l t y sand. TO 5-cm depth , no s t r a t i f i c a t i o n . Some worm burrows, and a small clam,

<

%Gravel %Sand

L a t i t u d e Depth %$I1 t Fie ld No. Longitude ( M ) ZClsy

71 AER 20 70°Z2.8'N 1.7 0.3 G 148'31 .O'W 72.3 S

22.3 St 5.1 C

71 AER 22 70°24.6'N 148O30.1 'U

71 AER 23 70D25.3'N 14B030.1 ' W

71 AER 24 70°26 . O ' N 14B029 .3'W

71 AER 25 70°27.0'N 148'29 . O ' W

71 AER 26 70°28.9'N 148O12.6'W

71 A E R 27 70°17.9'N 147O49.4'W

71 AER 28 70e17.9'N 147"49.0'U

71 AER 29 70°1B.0'N 147O48.6'W

71 AER 30 70°18.1'N 147O47.9'W

Sample Description g,G = gravel s,S = sand m,M = c l a y and s i l t (mud)

mS-Medium-grajned, grey-brown s f 1 t y sand with a few granules . Somewhat oxidized on t o p . No fauna. 100 f e e t f u r t h e r o f f sho re showed d a r k , s i 1 ty -c l ayey sand.

sM-3-cm o f mud with very l i t t l e sand o v e r l i e s a 3-crn f i b r o u s , o rganic- r ich l a y e r , over s i l t y .

sand. Small and l a r g e isopod.

sM-Silty o r muddy sand. Worms and burrows. No o the r fauna. Brown on t h e s u r f a c e t o grey a t 8 cm depth.

mS-Medium-grained, brownish grey, muddy sandZ 10 t o 20 worn tubes protruding per 100 cm x 1 CIT a r e a . No s t r u c t u r e s i n 5-cm s l a b .

SM-Medium-gra worm tubes by approx.

i ned , brownish grey s i l t y sand. Many protruding from t h e sediment su r f ace 1 cm. A smal l , l i v e clamandacornplet

s h e l l o f another on the surface. No s t r u c t u r e s , no change i n color i n 6-8 cm sur face l a y e r .

mS-Medium-grainedsilty s a n d . . - No worm t u b e s . -

sM-Material i s d e f i n i t e l y over-consol i d a t e d . In an area where t h e r e should be sandy bottom. Relative1.y 1 i t t l e ma te r i a l freshly depos i ted .

mS-Fine, l i g h t grey, s i l t y sand , no s t r u c t u r e s o r organisms.

mS-Sl i g h t l y sandy gravel ( a r ea i s 90-95: gravel ), driftwood ch ips . Some laminaria and very f i n e f i b rous a lgae . Right ou t s ide o f beach the bott01 t u r n s t o f i n e , s i l t y sand.

mS-Medium-grained grey sand.

mS-Medium-grained, well so r t ed sand.

XGrrvel XSsnd

Lat f tude Depth % S i l t Field No. Longitude (M) XClsy

Sample Descr ip t ion

g,G = grave l s,S = sand m,H = c l a y and s f l t (mud)

71 AER 32 70°19.9'N 4.9 14705.0tW

71 AER 33 70°20.6'N 6.1 147"40.8'W

71 AER 35 70°23.4'N 7.6 147'32 . O ' W

71 AER 36 7Oo20.9'N 7.3 147'29.9'W

71 AER 37 70°18.3'N 7.0 147O26.1 ' W

71 AER 38 70°15.7'N 6.1 147°23.0'U

72 AER 70 70°35.15'N 151 b57 .8'W

mS-Medium-grained, grey, s l i gh t l y s i l t y s and f f ine r brownish o x i d i z e d sand i n upper 1.5 cm.

mS-Slightly s i l t y f i n e - g r a i n e d , grey s a n d . No s t r a t i f i c a t i o n , s t r u c t u r e s or organisms.

mgS-Mediurn-grained, s l i g h t l y s f 1 t y sand i n upper 5 cm, mixed with g rave l - s i ze ma te r i a l on bottom. Kelp h o l d f a s t w i t h g r a v e l and sand.

sM-2-3 cm o f s i l t y c l a y over ly ing sandy s i l t , poly- che t e s , clam shell , worm burrows, some pebbles mixed i n - s t i f f mud below.

sM-Slightly sandy, grey t o d a r k grey mud, sof t near s u r f a c e - s t i f f below. One b iva lve . No pebbles .

sM-Two sampf es: a ) 10 cm d iamete r , angular rock and sma l l e r rocks with sponges and l a m i n a r i a . b ) S1 i g h t l y sandy mud with 2-cm sand 1 a y e r , no pebbles , s h e l l s , or organisms.

mS-Grey, s o f t , sandy mud a t su r f ace - very s t i f f a t 10 cm d e p t h . Clam shel ls ( i nc lud ing A s t a t t e ) and pebbles.

sM-Sl i gh t ly sandy grey mud, worms and burrows, clams, no pebb les , r u s t y c o l o r next t o burrows and t h e s u r f a c e l a y e r s . S t i f f bettor,.

mS-Medi urn-grai ned sand .

g5-Mostly 1 igh t -co lored sandy mater ia l , beach i s o f gravel s i z e .

M-Dark grey s t i f f , n o n - s t r a t i f i e d , s i l t y c l ay . Tiny razor clams and poss ib ly f i n e s h e l l fragments or forams.

XGrsvel XSsnd

L a t i t u d e Depth %St1 t F i e l d No. Longitude (M) %Clay

72 AER 72 70°28.33'N N A 148O43.4 'W

72 AER 75 7O025.47'N 1 .5 0.0 G 148O44.6'W 40.5 S

51.7 S t 7.8 C

72 AER 78 70°25.71 ' N 148"47.7'W

72 AER 79 70°26.39'N 748'48.4 ' W

72 A E R 8 0 7O026.70'N 148"48,7'W

72 AER 81 70'25.82' N 14B049.3'W

Sample Descr ipt ion g , ~ = grave l S ,S = sand m,H = c l a y and s i l t (mud)

sG-Sandy g rave l . S l i g h t l y of f s t a t i o n i s muddy sand

@-Muddy sand with some granules.

mS No Descript ion

mS No Descri pt ion

s M No Descript ion

sM No Descript ion

m S No Descr ipt ion

SG-6ravel overlain-by sandy gravel

mS-Dark grey t o black s i l t y sand. Few pebbles , some g ranu le s , no s t r a t i f i c a t i o n .

mS-Sl i g h t l y s i l t y , medium-grained s a n d , no pebbles, s h e l l s , o r s t r a t i f i c a t i o n . Small pockets of f i b r o u s organic m a t t e r .

mS-Slightly s i l t y , n o n - s t r a t i f i e d , med ium-g ra i ned s a n d , s eve ra l pebbles , no s h e l l s , some o r g a n i c material o n @fhW.

sM-Clayey, sandy s i l t , much organic ma t t e r , some s t r a t i f i c a t i o n . ( I n an o ld s t r u d e l hole.)

Sampt e Descript ion

Latf tude Depth F ie ld No. Longitude ( M )

72 AER 84 70°27.16'N 1.5 14B050 .4'W

72 AER 85 70°28.19'N 148O50.7'W

72 AER 86 70°28.63'N 1.0 148O51.6'W

72 AER 88 70°27.08'N 2.0 148O53.9'U

72 AER 90 70O27.16'N 1.5 14B055.9'W

72 AER 91 70°27.46'N 2.0 149"OO.l ' W

72 AER 92 70°26.38'N 1.0 148O59.3'W

72 AER 93 70°27.10'N G.0 148'47.7'W

72 AER 94 70°25.93'N 1.6 148°40.0'W

g,G = gravel s.S = sand m,M = c l a y and s i t t (mud)

mS-Brown, very s i l t y fSne-grained sand w i t h worm tubes and burrows overlying d a r k brown t o grey s l i g h t l y s i l t y , f i n e t o medium-grained s a n d with l i t t l e organic d e b r i s and a few small pebble!

sM-Brown t o grey , s l i g h t l y sandy c layey s i l t with some organic d e b r i s . Small amphi pod, small clam.

sM-Light brown c layey s i l t w i t h some organic d e b r i s over ly ing a grey , s l i g h t l y sandy, c layey s i l t . Small amphi pod. No pebbles . Top 7ayer has very l i t t l e consol ida t ion compared t o lower l a y e r .

sM-2 crn of unconsol i da t ed brown, clayey s i l t with many worm tubes over ly ing a more consol idated black grey s i l t y f ine-gra ined sand conta in ing no worm tubes .

S-Clean, f i n e t o medium-grained sand, one pebble. No s t r u c t u r e s .

mS-Clean, f i n e t o medium-grained s a n d , one pebbl e . No sedimentary s t r u c t u r e s .

mS-Clean, f ine-gra ined sand, two pebbles (one i s 1 cm i n diam.) No s t r u c t u r e s . A l i t t l e organic d e b r i s near t h e bottom of g r a b sample.

MS-Light brown s i l t y , f ine-gra ined sand w i t h l i t t l e organic d e b r i s over ly ing g rey , very f i ne-grained sandy s i l t . No pebbles seen . No s t r a t i f i c a t i o n beyond c o l o r change.

mS-Upper 2 cm i s f i n e t o medium-grained, s l i g h t l y s i l t y brown sand. Lower grey ma te r i a l has l a r g e pockets of organic m a t e r i a l . No fauna. No s t r a t i f i c a t i o n .

gM-Much organic m a t t e r , tundra deb r i s ( ? ) . Some pebbles , s t i c k s and wood, and a1 so some rather s t i f f , g rey , c layey s i l t . ( ~ r o m a 6-:rn channel bottom. )

gmS-Dark grey, f i ne -g ra ined , s i l t y sand w i t h some pebbl es (one 0.5 cm diam .) . Some grasses and small amphi pods. No s t r u c t u r e s o r s t r a t i f i t a t i c

1

Sample Description

g,G = gravel s , S = sand m,M = c lay and s i l t (mud)

L a t i t u d e Depth Field No. Longitude (M)

sM-Sl i g h t l y sandy clayey s f 1 t. Bownish clayey s i l t on t o p .

72 AER 95 70°26.19'N 3.6 148O39.7'U

gS-Gravelly sand, no mud f r a c t i o n . No s h e l l s (on a r idge t h a t i s about 1 m h igh) .

72 AER 96 70°26.49'N 4 . 2 14B039.7'W

gM-Dark grey, s t i f f , s i l t y c l a y , brownish on t o p . A considerable amount o f pebbles.

72 AER 98 70°26.72'N 4.0 148O41 .9'W

mgS-Gravelly, she1 l y sand, with a brownish l aye r of ooze on top .

72 AER 99 70°26.45'N 2.0 14B043.8'W

sM-Brown, sandy s i l t overlying grey sandy s i l t . Some organic debr i s . One pebble.

M-Organic-rich, f ibrous matter, 8 cm t h i c k , with a l a y e r of brown s i l t y c l ay on top and i n t h e middle .

72 AER 100 70°27.10'N 3 - 8 148O43.7'W

6-Clean beach gravel ( on a 1-m topographic high). 72 AER 101 70°27.72'N 4.3 148O43.4'W

72 AER 102 70°27.80'N 5.0 148O43.4 'W

mS-Medium t o coarse-grained sand w i t h a mud l aye r on top .

S-Brown, f i n e t o medium-grained, clean sand w i t h a small pea-sSze gravel l aye r a t t h e bottom.

72 AER 103 70°26.95'N 148O44.7'W

mS-Brownish, s o f t , muddy sand w i t h t he typica l ooze l aye r on top .

72 AER 105 70°28.63'N 5-5 144'43.2W

S-Clean, well s o r t e d , coarse sand. Ninor amount of small s h e l l d e b r i s . No mud. No pebbles.

72 SER 106 70°29.03'N 10.5 144"43,0'W

M-Clayey s i l t , brownish on t o p , becoming darker t o black a t 10 cm, overlying muddy s a n d .

M-4-5 cm of clayey s i l t overlying muddy sand. 72 AER 107 70°28.40'N 6.0 148'46.0'W

72 AER 108 70°28,22'N 4 .5 148'47 .O'W

72 AER 109 70°27 .79'N 4.0 148O46.3'W

M-7 cm of clayey s i l t overlying muddy s a n d .

M-7 cm of l i g h t brown clayey s i l t overlying l i g h t brown organic-r ich medium-grained sand.

72 AER 110 70°31.30'N 3.4 149"08.9'W

72 AER 111 70°31.87'N 9.5 149OOB.O'W

gS-Medium-grai ned , el e a n sand with a f ew pebbles.

M-3 cm of clayey s i l t , overlying sandy s i l t , overlying coarse sand and gravel .

72 AER 112 7 '32.25'N 11-2 148'06.1 ' Y

gS-Coarse-grained sand, a few pebbles .

L

%Gravel Sample Descr ip t ion %Sand g,G = gravel

L a t i t u d e Depth %Sil t s r S = sand Fie ld No. Longitude (M) %Clay m,M = c l a y and s i l t (mud)

72 AER 113 70°32.97'N 13.0 NA gmS-Slightly sI1ty coarse sand with approx. 3% 14g004 .6'W gravel .

72 AER 114 70°33.29'N 10.0 NA mS-Coarse-grained sand, sl i g h t l y m u d d y 149°03.7'W

72 AER 115 70°34.95'N 10.0 NA S-Coarse-grained sand. 149°00.2'W

72 AER 116 7Oe33.40'N 6.5 NA S-Well so r t ed coarse sand (on r i d g e ) . 149°11 .3'U

72 AER 117 70°33.25'N 6.0 NA S-Well so r t ed coarse sand (on r i d g e ) . 149O10.7'W

72 AER 118 70°33.57'N 12.0 NA S-Well so r t ed sand ( t rough ou t s ide of f i r s t r idge ) . 149O11.6'W

72 AER 119 70°34.30'N 9.5 NA S-Well so r t ed medium-grained sand (second r i d g e out 149O12.2'W

72 AER 120 70°33.50'N 4.5 NA gS-Medium-grained sand w i t h severa l pebbles and 14g027 .2'W some small clam fragments near the bottom (r5dge

near shore) .

72AER121 7Oo33.50'N 5 . 8 NA sM-4 cm of sandy, s o f t m u d . Muddy sand below. No 149'27.2'W pebbles, ( I n a trough between r i d g e s . )

72AER122 70°33.72 'Ng.0 NA M-Cl ean gravel with some she1 1 s on bottom, over1 air 149"27.3'W by s i l t y sand, which i n turn i s o v e r l a i n by 3-4

of s o f t brown mud. Second sample of well- consol idated black s i l t which appears t o be laminated, par t ing along planes . Apparently no f o s s i l s .

72 AER 123 70°33.65'N 7.0 NA sM-Silty sand ove r l a in by 3 cm of brown, s o f t , sand 149O27.4'W mud.

72 AER 124 70°34.40'N 11 .O NA M-Fine mud, somewhat s t i f f . S o f t m u d on top . 149'26.8'W

72 AER 125 70°34,75'N 12.5 NA sM-Fine sandy s i l t . So f t mud on t o p . 149°26,4'U

72 AER 126 70°35.65'N 14.0 NA mS-4 cm of brown, clayey s i l t , overlying 3 Cm 14g025 .8'W brown t o grey s i l t y medium-grained sand,

6 cm l i g h t grey, c layey s i l t . A bottom layer of s i l t y very f ine-grained grey sand .

72 AER 127 70°33.50'N 5.0 NA M-Well consol idated s i l t , da rk grey and brown 149O27.4'W mott led.

72 AER 128 70°28,10'N 5.5 NA gM-Highly consol i d a t e d black s i 1 t w i t h gravel 148O44.2 '~ apparent ly on t o p . No r e a l evidence of gravel

i n t h e s i l t .

#Gravel Sample Description XSsnd 9.6 = gravel

L ~ t j tudt Depth %Sjl t s r S = sand F l e l d N o , Longitude ( ) ZClry m,M * c lsy and s i l t (mud)

- 72 AER 129 70°29.40'N 4 - 0 N A M-Black consolidated c l a y with a few pebbles on 14B020.3'W t h e bottom. Brown transient layer on top.

72 AER 130 70°29.40'N 4 . 0 N A M-Mud l a y e r on top , Coarse-grained sand layer 14B020. 3 'U over gravel .

72 AER 131 70°28.90'N 2.0 N A gS-Coarse-grained sand w i t h some grave l .

72AER134 70°31.95'N 17.0 NA M-Brown clayey s i l t , overlying 5 cm grey clayey 148O12.8'W s i l t , overlying s l i g h t l y s i l t y , well so r t ed ,

medium-grai ned sand.

72AER135 70°31.95'N 12.5 NA M-1.5 cm o f a t h i n mud layer on t o p of a s l i g h t l y 148"10.3'W pebbly sand (on a r i d g e ) .

72 AER136 70°30.40'N 12.5 NA M-Small amount o f brown mud overlying medium t o 148°02.8'W coarse-grained sandy gravel w i t h some f i n e s a n d .

Segregation by pebble s i z e y i e l d s s t r a t i f i c a t i o n s i m i l a r t o b a r r f e r i s lands .

72 AER 137 70°29.90'N 10.5 NA gmS-51 i g h t l y g rave l ly , muddy sand. Pebbles l e s s 148OO0.4'W than 1.5 cm diameter. Some pebbles on t he

muddy su r face as well as i n the sand port ion.

72AER138 70°31.00'N 19.5 NA sM-4 cm s l i g h t l y sandy s i l t overlying a highly 147O49.1 'U consolidated grey clayey s i l t . A f ew b e n t h i c

organisms (worm t u b e , amphipod) i n brown s i l t . (On a small knoll.)

72 AER 139 70°30.75'N 20.0 NA 147°50.5'W

72 AER 140 70°30.47'N 1 8 - 0 NA 147O52.5'U

M-A brown s i l t y t h i n l a y e r overlying g rave l ly s i l t y sand.

gsMeDark grey, pebbly, sandy s i l t . No s t r a t i f i c a t i o n

72AER141 70°30.00'N 8.0 NA S-Medium-grained clean sand, no pebbles, no 147°55.61W - s t r a t i f i c a t i o n , no s h e l l s .

72 AER 142 70°29.90'N 11.0 NA 147°56.1 'U

gS-Clean, coarse-grained sand w i t h a few pebbles and granules .

72 AER 143 70°29.82'N 5 .5 NA gmS-10 cm of s l i g h t l y s i l t y coarse-grained sand 147656.8'W w i t h some granules and l a r g e pebbles.

72 AER 144 70°26.20'N 5 . 5 NA S-Medium-grained sand . 147O51.4'W

72 AER 145 70°23.70'N 1 .O NA gS-Coarse-grained sand w i t h gravel overlying 147O30.8'Y black, highly consolidated s i l t .

72 AER 146 70°22.42'N 7.0 NA mf -Silty sand wi th some s h e l l s and a f ew pebbles. 147O44.2'Y

72AER147 70°21.55'N 6 .0 NA mS-Mediuml-grained s l i g h t l y s i l t y sand w i t h some 147'41 .B'Y shel ls .

2 5

%Gravel Ssmpl e Description %Sand 9.G = gravel % S i l t s,S = sand Z C h y n,M = c l a y a n d s f 1 t (mud)

N A gmS-Rocks with cora l1 ine 01 gae , ke lp , sponges and very muddy sand w i t h some pebbles and a n g u l a r material.

N A gmS-Very s i l t y , medium-coarse grained s a n d w i t h abundant, whole, large clam s h e l l s a n d pebbles.

Latitude Depth f i e l d No. Long1 t u d t (M)

72 AER 148 70°20.10'N 6 .O 147'37.6'~

N A sM-Sandy s i l t - u p p e r brown l ayer g r a d i n g t o grey - sl i g h t l y more consolidated s i l t y s a n d below.

72 AER 150 70°1B.20'N 6.5 147°29.8'W

N A $-Fine, well sorted s a n d , some small shel l fragments a l a r g e i sopod , no m u d l aye r on su r face . No pebbles o r s t r a t i f i c a t i o n .

72 AER 151 70°16,70'N 6 .2 147'24.3'W

sM-Surface o f sandy s i l t . s i l t below. 72 AER 152 70°15.65'N 6.0 147P32.8'U

72 AER 153 70m15.10'N 7.0 147O39.5'W

N A gS-Coarse-grained s a n d w i t h small t o medium-sized pebbles .

72 AER 154 70°27.00'N 3.5 14B043.5'W

N A H-Black, highly consolidated s i l t . There may be some sand.

72 AER 155 70D29.80'N 2 . 5 149O08.5'W

N A G-Pebbles from bottom o f Simpson Lagoon, w i t h hydroids a t tached t o a l l but one.

72 AER 156 70°20.20'N 6 -5 147°37.5'W

N A G-Quartzite cobbles, gne i s s i c g r a n i t e , meta sand- stone - many r o c k s and rock fragments.

N A 6-Rock chips , 1/2 o f rounded, 1/2 of a n g u l a r rocks , ranging from 20-40 cm i n s ire.

72 AER 357 70°19.40'N 5.8 147'38.0'W

72 AER 158 70°21.70'N 7.0 147O34.2'W

N A G-Roc ks , she1 1 s , and a1 gae .

N A Tundra block taken from upper tundra s e c t i o n I n s t r u d e l .

72 AER 159 70°26.42'N 2 . 5 148'47.1 ' W

72 AER 160 70°26.42'N 6.2 148047.01W

N A U p p e r lagoonal sec t ion i n strudel.

72 AER 161 70°26.42'N 1 .0 148'47.1 ' W

N A M-Highly consolidated sediments f r o m wall s o f channel (taken i n channel o f f o f s p i t ) .

72 AER 162 70°26.42'N' 1 14Be47 .I ' W

N A M-Dark brown s i l t (from below lowermost tundra) .

N A M-The bottom i s well packed s a n d , with a t h i n l a y e r on t o p , mud and ooze, a b o u t 3 cm th ick .

N A $-Gravel on bottom of s t r u d e l . Uppermost sand l aye r o v e r l i e s l a y e r s of brown s i l t y sand, and black sandy s i l t ,

72 AER 164 70°26.42'N 1 148'47.1 ' W

72 AER 165 70°30.25'N10.0 148'1 9.2'Y

N A sM-Taken from outcrop, Consolidated sandy s i l t , brown t o grey , w S t h burrows. i n c o r p o r a t e d she l l f r a g m e n t s and a few pebbles.

. %Gravel Sample D e s c r i p t i o n

%Sand g,G = gravel L a t i t u d e Depth %Sf1 t s,S = sand

F i e l d No. Longi tude (M) %Clay m,M = c l a y and s i l t (mud)

72 AER 166 70°26.57'N 7.0 NA sM-At 3-4 cm be1 ow sea f l oo r , sandy s i 1 t. 148O34.3'W

7 2 A E R 1 6 7 70°25.92'N 5.5 NA M - A t 4 -5 cm below sea f l o o r , medium-grained, s i l t y 148O34.5'W sand. O v e r l a i n by brownish f i n e mud.

7 2 A E R 1 6 8 70°25.32'N 3 .5 NA mS-At 4-5 cm below sea f l o o r , medium-grained 148O34.6'W s i l t y sand.

72 AER 169 70°33.90'N 15.5 NA G-Gravel snmpl e, 1 i tho1 o g i c a l l y s i r n i l ar t o 148"51.2'W Reindeer, l i t t l e ba l ck c h e r t . A g r a n i t e

angu la r cobb le . 7 2 A E R 1 7 0 70°34,39'N 16.0 NA mS-Snail , p e c t i n , and srnaf 1 clams. S i l t y sand

148°50.5'W bot tom w i t h many organisms s t i c k i n g o u t o f s u r f a c e Patches i n which g rave l was 10 cm below sur face , o t h e r areas j u s t wel l -packed sand, A t 20 cm depth i n one area t h e r e i s f i n e t o medium- g ra i ned grey sand.

72 AER 172 70e36.60'N 16.5 NA 148O51.4'N

72 AER 174 70°34.22'N 14.0 NA 149OO3.8'W

72 AER 175 70°34.32'N 12.0 NA 149O04.2'W

72 AER 176 70°34.27'N 13.0 NA 149'04.3'W

72 AER 177 70°34.37'N 10.0 NA 1 4 9 O O 4 . 3 ' W

72 AER 178 70e34.40'N 8.0 NA 1 4 9 O O 3 . 8 ' W

72 AER 179 70°34.52'N 11.0 NA 149O03.8'W

S - A l l c lean, brown, we11 s o r t e d medium-grained sand 300 m seaward i s b l a c k mud w i t h some pebbles.

msG-Fi rs t grab sample: Few pebbles and worm tubes. Second grab sample: Dark grey . s i l t y sandy g rave l . Well rounded, f a i r l y ' l a r g e pebbles. Absence o f b l a c k c h e r t .

sM-Sandy s i l t on v e r y s i l t y sand. L i g h t g rey and massive. Prominent p a r t i n g f rom j u s t below tundra ho r i zon . (Taken from b l u f f on B e r t o n c i n j I s l a n d , n o r t h s i de . )

M-Li g h t brown, unconsol i dated s i 1 t y cl ay over1 y i ng dark grey, h i g h l y conso l i da ted s i l t y c l a y . Few pebbles (0.5 crn diam.) one amphipod, two smal l worms. (In basin between 2 r i d g e s .)

S-We1 1 sor ted , coarse-gra ined sand. ( ~ n s i d e o f r i d g e . )

( Ins ide o f r i d g e . )

S-Coarse-grained sand ( l e e s i d e o f r i d g e ) .

S-Medi urn-grained , w e l l s o r t e d sand (on r i d g e c r e s t ) .

S-Medium-grained, we1 1 s o r t e d sand (seaward s i d e o f r i d g e ) .

%Gravel S a n d

L a t i t u d e Depth S i l t Field No. Longitude (n) %Clay

72 AER 181 70°35.12'N 16.5 NA 149OO3.8'W

72 AER 185 70°24.45'N 12.5 NA 149OO5.2'W

72 AER 187 70'34 .72'N 14.0 NA 149OO5.2'W

72 AER 189 70°35.30'N 8.5 0.0 G 150°57 .2'U 21.7 S

67.1 S t 11.2 C

72 AER 190 70°34 .60'N 8.0 0.0 G 151°11 .3'W 7.1 S

73.4 S t 19.5 C

72 AER 191 70°33,75'N 4.5 0.0 G 151 O 2 6 . 6 ' W 71.3 S

20.1 S t 8.6 C

72 AER 192 70°33.65'N 2.0 0.0 G 151 030.0'W 100.0 S

0.0 S t 0.0 C

Sample Description

g,G * gravel s,S = sand m,M = clay and s i l t (mud)

S-Medium-grained, well sorted sand i n upper 5 cm, s i l t y sand below. Some ranules and some she l l s (seaward of r idge 7 .

gM-Sil t y c lay , some pebbles (seaward o f r i d g e , s t i l l on s lope) .

gmS-Silty sand, 5 crn, overlying clayey s i l t , with some pebbles and s h e l l s .

sM-Sandy mud , s t i f f , o l d , dark, w i t h burrows. Upper 2 cm oxidized. Sand bottom covered w i t h 3 cm thick organic ooze layer (taken from outcrop).

sG-Shelly, sandy gravel a t 10 cm below bottom (seaward s ide o f r i d g e ) .

S-Coarse-grained we11 sorted sand ( l e e side o f n e x t r idge) .

S-Medium-grained, well sorted sand.

mS-Medium-grained sand, some she1 1s . a 1 i t t l e s i l t i n upper l ayer .

sM-Black consolidated sandy s i l t . ( taken from s ide of s trudel ) .

sM-Sil t y , 1 i gh t grey, very fine-grained sand w i t h t h i n brown t r ans i en t l ayer on t o p .

sM-Sl i ghtly sandy, s o f t clayey s i l t , No s t ructures No pebbles , no organisms observed.

mS-On r idge. Brown, s o f t , very f i ne , sl i g h t l y s i l t y sand, few s h e l l s , few worn tubes.

S-Fine t o medium-grained, very well sorted b u f f colored sand. No s h e l l s , pebbles o r s t r uc tu r e s .

Sample Description g,G = gravel s ,S = sand n,H = c lay and s i l t (mud)

L a t i t u d e k p t h Field No, Longitude (w)

72 AER 193 7Oo36.20'N 5.2 151 O31 .B'W

sM-Fine, sandy s i l t . Few small s h e l l s and worm tubes . A s l i g h t l y more sandy l a y e r 5 cm t h i c k , a t 5 cm depth ( t o p o f r i d g e ) .

$-Very well sor ted medium-grained sand, s h e l l s , no s t r u c t u r e s ( r i d g e c res t ) .

72 AER 194 70°36.20'N 4 .5 151 O35.2

sM-Slightly sandy, l i g h t grey, unconsolidated s i l t . The 6 cm t h i ck sample apparently represents the t r a n s i e n t l a y e r . Near bottom there i s a s l i g h t increase i n t h e amount o f medium-grained sand. No s h e l l s , s t r u c t u r e s , o r fauna.

72 AER 195 70°36.20'N 5.4 151°35.7'W

gmS-Clean, well - sor ted , f ine-grained sand, with very small clam s h e l l s and some organic debr is .

72 AER 196 70°35.65'N 3.0 151 "43.6'W

mS-Sl i g h t l y s i l t y , f ine-grained sand w i t h many worm tubes pro jec t ing from top . S l i g h t l aye r ing e f f e c t from overlying clean sand and underlying s1 i g h t l y s i l t y sand.

72 AER 197 70°38.90'N 5.2 151°42.8'W

mS-Light brown, s i l t y medium-grained sand (4 cm t h i c k ) overlying s l i g h t l y s i l t y dark grey c l ay which i s n o t highly cons01 ida ted .

72 AER 198 70°40.89'N 7.2 151°43.2'W

sM-Brown sandy t r a n s i e n t s i l t l a y e r overlying dark grey s l i g h t l y clayey s o f t s i l t . No organisms.

72 AER 199 70°44.40'N 10.0 151 "43.4'W

mS-Sandy s i l t t r a n s i e n t l aye r 6-8 cm th ick overlying s i l t y sand with l a r g e amount o f broken s h e l l s . She l l s were n o t present i n upper l a y e r . 1 l a r g e pebble ( 4 cm).

72 AER 200 70°43.70'N 12.5 151 '53.8'W

gmS-Brown-grey , medium t o coarse-grained s i l t y sand with pebbles and some organic ma te r i a l .

72 AER 201 70°34.95'N 1.8 152*00.4'W

mS-Silty, medium-grained sand. Some organic matter and wood p i e c e s . A few she l l f r a g m e n t s . No pebbles , o r s t r u c t u r e s .

72 AER 202 70e35 .801N 2.0 152°08.2'W

sM-Muddy, f ine-grained sand with no l aye r ing . Some organic d e b r i s , mainly plant fragments.

72 AER 203 70°37.90'N 2.6 152OO4.8'W

%Gravel %Sand

Lat i tude Depth 'Zfi'lt F ie ld No. Longitude (M) XClay

Sample Descript ion g,G = gravel s,S = sand m,M = c lay a n d s i l t (mud)

72 AER 204 70°39.49'N 3.2 152°02.2'U

72 AER 205 7Oo43.75'N 1 .5 151 058,0'W

72 AER 206 70°41.50'N 1.2 151 "59.3'W

72 AER 207 70°46.75'N 5.3 152O03.1 ' W

72 AER 208 7O041 .401N 12.0 151 O24.3'W

72 AER 209 70°38.80'N 12.0 15O0O3.5'W

72 AER 210 7O036.50'N 10.5 15O05O.7'W

72 AER 211 70°35.20 'N 3.0 15O04O.2'W

72 ABP 13 70°13.7'N 25 145O3O.O1W

0.0 G sM-Sil t y sand o r sandy s i l t . Q u i t e a b i t o f 39.4 S of f i n e t o medium-grained sand l e a k e d from 49.2 S t sampler p r i o r t o opening. A f e w worm tubes . 11.4 C No s t r u c t u r e s , no s h e l l s .

0 .0 G mS-Clean, f ine-gra ined s a n d with some small black . 94.9 S b i t s o f organic mater ia l ( l e e side o f P a c i f i c

5.1 S t Shoal ) . 0.0 C

0.0 G $-Well s o r t e d , medium-orained sand . No s h e l l fragments, no pebble; ( c r e s t o f P a c i f i c Shoal) .

0.0 G sM-Silty, f ine-grained sand w i t h some w o n 23.2 S tubes and a few granules . 54.3 S t 22.5 C

0.0 G sM-Clayey s i l t over ly ing sandy s i l t w i t h some 14.8 S s h e l l s . 63.1 S t 22.1 C

0.0 G s ~ - t l a y e ~ s i l t over ly ing sandy s i l t w i t h some 45.5 S shel l s . 24.9 S t 29.6 C

0.0 G sM-Very s o f t c layey , sandy s i l t , no s h e l l s , 14.5 S no pebbles. Perhaps a l l from t r a n s i e n t l a y e r . 59.2 S t 26.3 C

0.0 G sM-Recent f ine-gra ined s i l t y sand w i t h some worms. 44.9 S Homogenous and s o f t . No s h e l l s o r s t r u c t u r e s . 47.5 S t 7.6 C

0.0 G sM-High concent ra t ion of t u b e worms of t w o 45.0 S d i f f e r e n t types . Surface l a y e r of oozey 29.0 S t p l a s t i c mud and sand o v e r l i e s a s t i f f e r mud 25.5 C with some gravel ( p e a - s i z e o r small e r ) .

Bottom l a y e r has no gravel but a g r i t t y f i n e sand .

-0.0 G gsM-Surface i s f i n e t o medium sandy ooze w i t h l a r g e 37.0 S rocks ( t o 20 cm diarn.). Smaller gravel a l s o 19.5 S t present (poor ly s o r t e d ) . S t a r f i s h and clam 43.2 C shells, Woms and tubes absen t . Subsurface i s

fine-medium-grained sand. Gravel a1 so but not a s l a r g e a s su r f ace l a y e r . Worms and many black ox id ized ' l ines .

3 0

* %Gravel Sbmple Description XSsnd g,G = gravel

Lstitude Depth % S i l t s w S sand Field No. Longitude (M) %Clby mwH = c l a y and s i l t (mud)

72ABP25 70°21.4'N 26 N A SM-Oozey f ine-grained s a n d . Subsurface has 146'36 ,OIW very s t i f f , f ine t o coarse, jagged in t h e

subsurface.

72 ABP 26 70'1 9 .6 'N 17 N A sM-A s t j f f , s t i c k y , dense, grey c lay w i t h no 146e30.0'W pebbles .

72 ABP 27 70°29.4'N 23 0.0 G sM-layer o f mud on top . Gravel l a y e r , s a n d 147 "38 .O' W 23.0 S l a y e r below t h i s , and m u d l a y e r be low sand.

77.0 S t and C

72 ABP 28 70°31.4'N 26 N A S M - S U ~ ~ ~ C ~ very fine-medium s a n d s i l t . 147O33 ,OIW Subsurface has ve ry f i n e t o medium-grained

silt, much s t i f f e r . Rocks i n subsurface l aye r l a r g e r t han 1 cm diam.

72ABP4O 70°42.0'N 27 N A mS-Surface i s f i n e t o medium-grained s i l t . 148826.0'W Subsurface i s s i l t and s t i f f mud w i t h 2-cm

s i z e gravel .

72 ABP 41 70°35.0'N 19 N A M-. - 3-8 cm f i n e mud on 148'41 . O I W top. Clean, reduced sand, w i t h H2S odor.

Sol i d sand down below 8 cm.

72 ABP 46 7Oo42,0'N 18 NA mS-3 l aye r s o f sand. F i r s t l a y e r has f i n e t o 150°07 . O ' W medium sand w i t h very 1 i t t l e m u d . Second

l a y e r has dark grey t o black sand w i t h many organics. T h i r d l aye r i s l i g h t e r grey-brown. Both sublayers were f i n e t o medium-grained sand in terspersed w i t h pea gravel . Tube worms and clam shells in sur face l a y e r .

72 ABP 47 70°50;0'N 24 NA 15O0lO.O'W

72 AJT 3 70°29.0'N 3.0 NA 14g003 .3'W

M-Fine hydroplast ic mud surface grading i n t o very s t i c k y lower l aye r w i t h a very f i n e t o f ine c lean , dark s a n d a t 4 1 0 cm, No pebbles, a few broken s h e l l s . Tube worms are only f auna .

M-Brown mud layer 0-5 cm, mud w i t h sand pockets below. Four pebbles of 3 cm diameter. The lower sandy mud had b l a c k layers and a H S

jl smell . Clam s h e l l s , barnac le plates, wo m s , bryozoa n .

S-Fine-grained sand i n t o p 2 em. Below t h i s i s grey c lay .

Yeravel Sample Description --. - - - - %Sand g.G = gravel

Lat i tude Depth %Sil t s r S = sand F i e l d No. Longitude ( M ) %Clay rn,H * clay a n d s i l t (mud)

72 AJT 4 70°29.5'N 2.4 NA sM-Sil t y a n d s l i g h t l y sandy c lay , w i t h many worms 14B007 .6'W and small pel ecypods . Uni form,

7 2 A J T 5 70°27.2'N 7.3 NA mS-Silt or fine-grained sand, d a r k green ish grey. 148"10.3'W Unconsolidated.

7 2 A J T 6 70°25.2'N 5.5 NA mS-Sil t or very fine-grained s a n d . Dark greenish 148O10.2'Y grey. Unconsolidated.

72 AJT 7 70°22.8'N 2.4 NA mS-Sil t o r very fine-grained s a n d . Finer a n d 148O10.8'W seems t o have more clay than s ta t ions 5 a n d 6 ,

but otherwise appears t o be t h e same.

72 AJT 8 70°21 .4'N 3.7 0.0 G sH-Sil t y c lay , medium grey, w i t h h i g h H2D 147P56.7'Y 11 ,O S content

67.6 S t 21.4 c

72 AJT 9 70°23.B'N 6.0 NA mS-Silt o r very fine-grained s a n d . 147O53.3'M

72 A31 12 70°30.0'N 17.0 NA gsM-Gravelly and sandy c lay . 147O45.0'W

72 AJT 13 70°31.3'N 16.0 NA gsM-Gravel , s a n d , s i l t , and c lay. 148"04.2'W

72 AJT 15 70°18.1'N b.0 NA mS-Sand, s i l t , clay - primarily s a n d . 147'37 .O'W

72 AJT 16 7O0I4.7'N 2.7 0.0 G rnS-$1 igh t ly clayey s i l t . 147O41.8'W 66.0 S

29.2 S t 5 .2 C

72 AJT 17 70°13.6'N 6.0 NA mS-51 ight ly clayey s i l t , w i t h a piece o f gravel. 147°00,0'W

72 AJT 18 70°20.3'N 13.0 0.0 G sM-Sof t unconsolidated greenish-grey c lay with 147O04.1 ' W 16.0 S lumps o f grey c lay.

50.5 S t 33.5 C

72 AJT 19 70°16.3'N 8.0 NA mS-Medium sand, poorly sorted. - 146'45.5'W

72 AJT 20 70°16.0'N 13.4 0.0 gsM-2 cm s i l t y r a n d w i t h gravel , poorly sorted. 146*30.0'W 33.0 S n o t a t a l l indurated. Overlies smooth, f a i r l y

48.0 S t well indurated and f a i r l y ha rd uni form grey 18.6 C c lay . Clay has black streaks a n d smells of

HZS .

L a t i t u d e Depth Field No. Longitude (M)

72 AJT 22 70m11.4'N 3.0 146"15.0'W

Sample Descr ip t ion

g,G = gravel 5.5 sand m,M = clay and s i l t (mud)

0.0 G mS-2 cm o f dark ol ive green watery clay over 22.0 5 unindurated f i n e impure sand. 76.0 54 d c

N A M-Unindurated uniform sf l t .

7 2 A J T 2 3 7O009.8'N 2.0 0 . 0 G rnS-Totally unconsolidated s i l t . 146O00.9'W 09.0 S

10.5 S t 0.0 C

72 AJT 24 70'1 2 12.0 0 . 0 G mS-Unifonr, u n i n d u r a t e d , very fine-grained sand, 145O55.O'W 87.0 S appears somewhat poorly sorted.

9.8 St 3.5 C

7 2 A J T 2 5 70°10.1'N 12.0 N A gsM-Gravelly p l a s t i c grey h a r d c lay . Amount o f 145"45.0'W gravel decreases down t h r o u g h t o p few crn. Top

2 cm i s s o f t , watery, and s l i gh t l y sandy, Bottom 4-6 crn i s h a r d c lay wi thou t much gravel.

72 AJT 26 70°12.2'N 4.0 N A M- $'I!+. 146"30.O'W

72 AS7 27 7Oo25.2'N 12.8 NA gsM-A sand-s i l t -c lay mixture. Gravel up t o 15 cm 147'37 .O 'W maximum dimension w i t h attached organisms.

7 2 A J T 2 8 7Oo27.3'N 19.0 NA gmS-Gravelly, clayey, unconsolidated sand. 147'31 .O 'W

72 AJT 29 70°25.3'N 18.0 NA gsM-Gravel l y sand, s f 1 t , a n d c l ay . 147O17.5'W

72 AJT 30 70°45.0'N 20.0 0.0 G M-2 cm of olive-grey brown soupy s i l t over 1 50D00.0'W 10.6 S 14 cm o f

e l . 0 * r d clay with black s t reaks and H2S smell .

72 AJT 32 70°37.2'N 16,O NA M-Unconsol idated offshore s i l t (moderate 01 ive 149"34.0'W grey)

72 AJT 33 70°40.5'N 21.0 0.0 G sM-Grey, smooth, f a i r l y h a r d , sticky c l a y w i t h 149*33.0'W 11.0 S dark s t r e a k s of medium, dark grey. No

41 .I S t H2S smell . 48.2 C

72 AJT 34 70°43.3'N 20.0 NA M-Medium 01 i v e grey unconsolidated sSl t . 14ge32.2'W

72 AJT 35 70D45.B'N 21.0 NA sM-Dark grey very f ine-gra ined sandy c lay , Seems 149O32.O'Y l i k e the grey offshore clay w i t h a sand

admixture. Not very indurated.

* . XGrrvel %Sand

L a t i t u d e Depth %Si l t Fie ldNo. long i tude ( M ) XClly

Sample Description g , ~ = gravel s,S = sand m,M = c l a y a n d s i l t (mud)

72 A37 36 70°31.7'N 3.7 NA M- 0.5 em of yellowish brown unconsolidated c l ay 15O015.O'W over a clayey, s i l t y , very fine-grained

sand, greyish black, speckled i n appearance.

72 AJT 37 70°33.0'N 4.9 NA M-01 ive grey s i l t y c lay , unconsolidated, watery. 15O0O0.5'W

7 2 A J T 3 8 70°37.5'N 14.0 NA sM-Olive grey fine-grained s a n d w i t h c l a y . The 15O00O.0'W surface crn i s s trongly clayey and l e s s sandy.

72 AJT 39 70'41 . O ' N 6 NA sM-Dark grey smooth, grey c lay, s o f t and watery, 15O00O.0W w i t h some f i n e s a n d i n the t o p 2-3 cm.

72 AJT 40 70e34.0'N 6.0 NA H-Smooth, uni f o n , semi-indurated c lay . 15O03O.0'W The oxidized and more watery surface layer

(3-4 cm th ick) 01 ive grey;

72 AJT 41 70°38.5'N 14.0 NA M-Olive grey clayey s i l t , most c l a y i s i n the t o p 150°30.0'W 2 cm (watery). -

72 AJT 42 70°42.5'N 18.0 NA M-Olive grey s l i g h t l y s i l t y c lay . NO ,,,tical 150°30.0'W change in 1 i tho1 ogy .

72 AJT 43 70°40.0'N 14.0 0.0 G mS-Moderate 01 ive grey s i l t , s l i g h t l y clayey, 751 O0O.O'W 76.0 5 unconsol idated . No ver t i ca l var ia t ion noted.

28.0 S t and C 72 AJT 44 70°45.0'N 12.0 0.0 G sM-A very s i l t y c lay . Top 3 cm i s watery,

15l03O,0'W 26.0 S s o f t , and brownish. 74.0 S t and C

72 AJT 45 70°4B.01N 7.0 0.0 G sM-Sil t . 152°00.0'W 38.0 S

48.2 St 13.3 C

72 AJT 46 70°42.0'N 19.0 NA M- Unifom unconsolidated s i l t ( n o c l ay ) . 150°15 .O'W No v e r t i c a l var ia t ion .

72 AJT 47 70°3B.0'N 14.0 NA M-Top 1 cm i s o l ive grey soupy c lay, very 150°15 . O ' W l i qu id . Lower 1-5 cm i s speckled s i l t ,

only very s l i g h t l y clayey.

7 2 A J T 48 70°35.0'N 10.0 NA M-Olive grey s i l t , only s l i g h t l y clayey. NO 150°15 . O ' Y ve r t i c a l var ia t ion.

Yidracores 1976 rnd 1977 * . t o

%Gravel Description of Surface Layer XSa nd g,G c gravel

L a t f tude Depth XSil t s,S = sand Field No. Longitude (M) X C ~ ~ Y m,M = c l a y and s i l t (mud)

-

V -1 70°19.0'N 3 N A M-Medium grey sflty clay to clayey s l l t . 148O22.O'U

V-2 70D22.3'N 1.7 NA sM-lrregul a r layers or pockets o f clean o x i d i z e d 14B028.4 ' W f ine sand. Sandy mud interbedded w i t h s a n d layer

V-3 70°24.0'N 1.5 NA S-Medium t o f i n e , pa r t ly oxidized sand, upper 148"33.2'W 10 cm homogenous.

V-4 70°27.3'N 6.5 NA mS-Grey, s l i g h t l y muddy medium t o f ine sand, 148O28.2'W homogenous t o mottled.

V-5 70°28.9'N 2.5 NA S-Light grey sand, f ine and clean down t o 148°24.2'W around 30 crn,

V-6 70°29.4'N 4.0 NA $-Light grey, f i n e , clean, homogenous s a n d . 148"21.1 'U

V-7 70°30.5'N 11.0 N A mS-Cl ean, grey, medium-grained sand with only 148°21.6'W t r a c e s of bedding. Dark grey s i l t y c l ay lumps

a t t he surface.

Y-8 70°29.8'N 8.0 N A 5-Medium t o coarse sand wi th a few scat tered 148°20.8'W granules and small she1 1 fragments, s t ructure1 es!

gradually f ining down t o fine-medium s a n d .

V- 9 70°20.1 'ti 6 .5 N A gS-Dark grey, medium s a n d , angular, s t ruc tu re less , 147O31.1 ' W with a few granules and a small pebble. Two

she l l s a t surface , one l i v e Astarte.

V-10 0 7O0l7.1'N 27.0 N A SM- Generally dark, reduced sandy m u d with 147*44.3'W small o l ive oxidized zones a t surface .

V-11 70°17.7'N 1.0 N A sM-Brownish grey sandy mud. 1 4 7 O 4 7 .O 'W

V-12 7OQ24.1'N 3;O' NA S-Medium, sand, pa r t ly o x i d i z e d i n upper 15 cm. 148O18.5'W Shel ls a t 8 em.

V-13 B 70°44.8*N 19.0 N A mS-Interspersed pockets of grey sandy mud and 150°28.1 ' W oxidized f i ne t o medium sand.

V-14 70°41.5'N 1.5 N A sH- S o f t , brownish grey homogenous s i l t y c lay , 150627 . 2 ' ~ sandy in u p p e r 5 cm. Several small,

i r r egu la r sand pockets from 5-10 cm down i n core.

V-15 70°37.0'N 12.4 'NA 150°27 .O'W

mS-Grey, muddy, medium-grained s a n d , grading a t appro%, 2 crn i n t o oxidized c lean, medium- grained sand.

. . . , fi bracores 1976 and 1977

%Gravel Descrj ption of Surface ~ a y e r %Sand g,G lc gravel

L s t f tude Depth %Silt s ,S = s#and F i e l d No. Longitude (M) %Clay m,H clay and s i l t (mud)

Y-16 70°36.3'N 11.5 N A M-Trace of hori zontal bedding, characterized by 150°28.2'W d a r k and 1 ight banding, and discontinuous

s i l t y laminae and pockets. No organic-rich l ayers .

V-17 70°34.0'N 8.5 N A M-Very s o f t and w e t i n upper 5 cm. Grey, 150e28,2'W homogenous e l ayey s i l t .

V-1 B 70°33.2'N 3.3 N A sM-Grev s i l t y c lav with jnterbedded lenses of 150°27.9'W oxidized medium t o fine-grained s a n d , Clay

contains lenses o f organic mat ter . Bedding plane lamination and f in ing upwards i n sands.

V-19 70°32.8'N 2.0 N A mS-Medium-grained, oxidfzed, clean sand grading 15O028.l ' W downward i n t o f ine sand w f t h some s i l t . There

appears t o be a l a rge , i r r egu l a r burrow w i t h small er burrows adjacent .

V-20 70°31.4'N 1.5 N A $-Dark brown, possi b1 e burrows. Clean f i n e sand, 150°27.5'W 1 ight-brown, oxid ized i n lower 5 cm, mottled

i n upper ha1 f.

V-21 70°33.8'N 4.0 N A mS-0.5 cm of mud. Small clam and a small razor 151°01 .OIW clam. S l igh t ly muddy, f i ne sand, bedd ing planes

of ten marked by coal pa r t i c l e s .

V-22 70°32.5'N 0.6 N A mS-Very f ine sand/si l t layers . Fine, brownish, 150°59.6'W we1 1 -sorted s a n d w i t h sl igh t ly undulating,

horizontal layering.

V-23 70°29.5'N 1.0 N A mS-Top 1 cm of fine/medium-grained oxidized sand. 150°59.5'W Homogenous, brownish s i l t , possibly some bedding

V-24 70°33.2'N 7.5 N A S-Sl igh t ly darker, f i ne t o medium sand. No 149"11.2'W pebbles, no she l l s .

V-25 70°18.B5'N 2.3 NA gsM-Thinly laminated sandy s i l t w i t h small pockets 148O21.9'W o f sand, with pebbles u p t o 15 mm a t 8 cm.

V-26 70e19.5'N 1.5 NA gsM-Sl igh t ly sandy s i l t w i t h horizontal bedding, 148"26.1 ' W small pockets o f r ipp le s t r uc tu r e s , few

sca t t e red small pebbl es and f ragi 1 e she1 1 fragments and i n t a c t s h e l l s , t races of o r g a n i c matter.

V-27 70°25.77'N 1.3 NA . mS-Muddy f i ne sand, d i s rup ted by burrowing i n 14B04&,3 '~ upper 3 cm and at 6-24 cm (Polychaete?).

Noted lSve worms ( t o 16 cm) when core was c u t .

V-28 70°25.28'N 1.0 NA $-Clean, f i n e sand. 148O41.9'W

DescrigtSon o f Surface Layer

S a n d g,G = grsvel Latitude Depth %Silt s,S f sorid

f ie ld No. Longftude ( M ) %Clay m,M = clay a n d sj lt (mud)

V-29 7De24.03'N 5.5 NA gS-Clean, medium-grained pebbly , s and with few shells. 148OOO.2'W No s t ruc tu r e , sharp irregularities.

V-30 70°22.1'N 1.5 NA S-Clean, f i n e sand, f i n e cross-bedding in upper 10 cm 148°05.9'Y Rather wetl-preserved except f o r some burrowing

s t ruc tu res . Upper 10 cm has very small she l l s .

V-31 70°19.9'N 1.3 NA mS-Surface or near-surface organic l a y e r . F i n e 147O54.05'W sand with i l l -def ined hori tonta l layers .

V-34 70°23.74'N 5.0 NA gS-Coarse pebbly sand showing t race o f bedding 147O28.5'W throughout, granules t o 7 rm. Sand is

sub-rounded.

V-35 70'29.1 ' N ' 19.0 NA msG-Hash of poorly sor ted mixture of coarse, highly 147"36.8'W angular t o rounded gravel t o c lay . Very highly

compacted materra1 . V-37 7 0 ~ 2 9 . 2 ~ ~ ' 1 0 . 0 NA gS-Well-sorted c lean, medium t o f i ne sand; w i t h

148OO9'W sca t t e red , well -rounded granul es and small pebbles-mostly i n t h e upper 4 cm.

- V-38 70°29.25'N 4.6 NA gS-Mediurn-grained sand w i t h 50% granules and 14B017.7'W pebbles, we1 1 -rounded, a few she1 1 fragments.

No in ternal s t ruc tu res .

V-39 70°28.68'N 4.5 NA gmS-Stiff grey muddy f ine sand with a f e w scat tered . 148"21.5'W granules , in tensely bioturbated , polychaetes,

lacking primary bedding s t ruc tu res .

V-40 70°28.9'N 1.0 NA gS-Medium t o coarse-grained sand w i t h a few 148'21 .6'W sca t t e red granules .

V-41 70°28.7'N 2.45 NA gS-Medium t o coarse, c lean, pebbly sand, homogenous. 148O18.1 ' W Largest c l a s t 8 m. Rare shel l fragments.

V-42 70°29.54'N 5.3 NA S-Cl ean, 1 i ght brown-grey medium, we1 1 sorted 148"20.8'W sand t o t a l l y disrupted.

V-43 70°32.27'N 12.7 NA gS-Clean, f i ne sand wSth sca t t e red granules u p t o 148O21.7'U 6 mm - t h i n 1.5 mrn worm tubes (Polychaete).

V-44 70°34.05'N 12.75 NA S-Fine t o medium clean sand w i t h f a i n t t races of 149OO.65'U primary r ipp le s t ruc tu res i n upper 15 cm.

V-45 70°34,0'N 6.7 NA S-Very clean medium t o f i ne sand throughout 149O0.65'Y e n t i r e core, several very small f r ag i l e shell

fragments, not a single pebble, granule, mud l u m p or organic matter.

~Hbracores 1976 rnd 1977

Description o f Surface Layer

S a n d g,G = gravel L a t l t u d t Depth % S f 1 t s,S = sand

F ie ldNo . Longitude (K) %Clay h,H clay end s i l t (mud)

V-46 70°33.75'N 13.8 N A gM-Slfghtly pebbly, cohesfve clay, clasts from 149'01.3'Y 1 mm grsnules t o 15 nun, larger c l a s t s rounded

s n d smaller o n e s anuglar. Pockets o f s a n d i n upper 8 em.

V-47 70m27 .7'N 2.0 N A gmS-Very f i n e lbmfnated r f l t y s a n d alternating with .. 148'57'U 2-4 cm unit of fine t o medium s i l t y s a n d . A

few scattered pebbles u p t o 15 m. Worm tubes extend 7-8 cm.

V-48 70°30,42'N 2.5 N A gmS-Silty medium s a n d , coarse bedding i n upper 15 cm. 149'14 . I 'U Polychaete worm tubes i n upper 8 n. Scattered

fibrous organic pieces several pebbles t o 8 mi.

V-4 9 7D032.44'N 3.0 N A sM-Sandy mud ~ 4 t h 111-defined bedding. Mottled 149O30.7'U or disturbed. A few s t i c k s a n d fibrous organic

matter, several granule-size c las ts . Finely laminated i n upper 1 - 2 cm.

gS-finel yobedded t o ripple-bedded, clean, f ine sand, a few scattered pebbles u p t o 8 an.

S-Upper 4 cm f inely laminated very f i n e sand.

sK-Surface i s s l ight ly s a n d y clayey mud, this a1 ternates w i t h well l a m i n a t e d clean s a n d units.

sM-Surface o f cohesive sl i gh t ly s a n d y cl ayey $11 t al ternatfng with muds and cross-bedded clean s a n d unfts.

mS-Sl ightly muddy medium sand, w i t h a few shel l fragments and worm tubes.

sM-Light grey c layey s i l t w i t h 5-6 cm thick f i n e sand layers interbedded. Sand units have f ine b e d d i n g t o cross b e d d i n g structures. Sands i n upper part of core have burrows.

S-Surface very f ine t o f ine clean sands w l t h well preserved primary s t ructure.

mS-Surface o f very f ine t o f ine clean sands w i t h we1 1 preserved primary s t ructure. Contains f ibrous organic matter, tyrtodaria fragments and mud b a l l s .

mS-Same as Core V-57.

$-Surface o f clean f ine cross-bedded s a n d .

% tgb~acores 1976 and 1977 % > : -

r~ . -Descript ion o f Surface Layer XGtsve1 S a n d g,G = gravel

L a t i t u d e Depth % S i l t s,S = Sand Field No. Longitude ( M ) %Clay m,M = clny and s i l t (mud)

V-60 70°28.43'N 1.0 NA S-Interbedded sequences o f f ine t o very f i n e sand 150°13 .I ' W a t t h e surface.

-. -- - . - -

Gas Samples - 1978

1 3 7Oo35.6'N 12.0 NA sM-Sof t grey surface mud underlajn by s l ight ly s41tm 149O32.8'W f i n e sands.

d 4 70°38.1'N 13 .5 NA mS-$1 i ghtly muddy f i n e sand. 150°31 .5'W

Sample k s c r t p t i o n

9.G = g r r v e l s.S = s m d nr,M * clay and s f l t (mud)

La t l tube Depth Dive S i t e No. Longi tude (H)

- p~ --

M-Bioturated, s o f t mud. (F la t bottom.)

mS-Muddy (medium-gra 4 ned) sand. ( seaward f o o t o f major shoal. between gouges.)

S-Clean, medium-grained sand w i t h clam fragments. . ( I n t e n s e l y gouged f l a t bottom on major shoal).

mGS-Undi s tu rbed muddy sand near gouge. Sandy, muddy g rave l i n a f l a t bot tom near gouge f lank.

s6M-Grey, cohesive mud and v e r y s t i f f , muddy, sandy grave l w i t h some s h e l l s . ( F l a t bottom.)

PI-Very s o f t s u r f i c f a1 sediment u n d e r l a i n by fairly ruf f l a y e r . ( F l a t bottom and f l o o r of gouge.)

M - F a i r l y s o f t 2.5 cm l a y e r o f mud w i t h numerous clams over mud. ( F l a t bottom, gouge-trough, f l a n k and f l o o r , )

mS-Fine, muddy sand (Flat bottom).

mS-Fi ne , muddy sand ( F l a t bottom).

mS-Sl i g h t l y muddy medium-ff ne g ra ined sand. ( F l a t bottom).

mS-Muddy sand. ( R i p p l e d f l a t bottom).

MS-Muddy sand and v e r y s t i f f mud. ( ~ l a t bottom w i t h r i p p l e s ) .

gmS-Muddy sand on a f l a t bot tom r i p p l e f i e l d . Angular, pea-size g rave l exposed.

HS-Hi g h l y muddy. medium-grained sand. la t bottom).

mGS-Muddy sand and pea-s ize g rave l on the f l a t bot tom and gouged f lank.

gSM-Soft mud i n the hrgh ground covered by worn worm tubes. Muddy sand in t he depression between worm tube patches. Accumulations of pebbles and s h e l l s in smal l patches w i t h occas jona l smal l rounded cobbles.

r *8

A k*.' %Gravel Sample D e s c r j p t i o n %Sand g,G = gravel

Lat i tude Depth % S i l t s,S = sand Dlve Sf te No-. Long i tude (M) ~ C ~ B Y m,M = c l a y and s i l t (mud)

sM-Sandy mud on a f l a t bot tom.

76-1 1 70°10.3'N 4.5 sM-Sandy mud on a f l a t bot tom w i t h decayed r i p p l e 147°01 .O'W t r a f n . Burrowing act iv i ty .

72 AER 7Oo25.4 'N 7.0 147'47.3'U

sM-Sandy mud. Small s c a l e r e l i e f from b i o t u r b a t i o n ., o n a s l i g h t l y u n d u l a t i n g bot tom.

GM-Exposed b o u l d e r s between SO and 1 0 0 cm. 5 t o 6 cm s u r f a c e of h i g h l y b i o t u r b a t e d s o f t g r e y mud. Compacted g r a n u l a r m a t e r i a l u n d e r t he mud l a y e r ; c o b b l e s c o u l d be f e l t b u r i e d w i t h i n mud. Diverse benthic community .

GMS-Numerous sub-rounded t o a n g u l a r coat-se p e b b l e s and cobbles w i t h brown algae and o the r marine growth . Medium-grained sand. Low-re1 i e f ledges of t h i n l y bedded mud.

gS-Grave l ly s a n d . 2-3 m u n d u l a t i n g r e 1 i e f . Coarse sand i n t h e l o w s , s a n d y g r a v e l on t h e f l a n k s , medium sand on the crests.

$-Clean, medium-grained sand on t h e crest of Dinkum S a n d s . Muddy s a n d on t h e s l o p e . Muddy, pebb ly on the bottom (7 m).

gsM-A g r a v e l , s a n d , and mud m i x t u r e .

gS-Coarse sand w i t h g r a v e l patches.

gM-Pebbly mud w i t h gravel p a t c h e s .

gS-Gravel l y s a n d .