developmental psychology 7-9% of ap psychology exam
TRANSCRIPT
Developmental Psychology7-9% Of AP Psychology Exam
Development includes the processes and stages of growth from conception across the lifespan. Includes changes in physical, cognitive, moral and social behaviors.
Prenatal Development
Fertilization
Pre-Natal Developmen
t
• Germinal Stage = 1-2 wks (Zygote)
• Embryonic Stage = 2 months (heart, nerv syst, etc.)
• Fetal Stage = remainder of pregnancy(organs…)
Risks During PregnancyILLNESSES-RUBELLA
TERATOGENS-DRUGS
-ALCOHOL
Video: The Biology of Prenatal
Development
Take notes as you view the video:
Infancy
Physical Development
Growth Rate declines during infancy but is faster than any other post natal period
Neo-Natal Reflexes (until about 4 months) such as:
Babinski (big toe moves toward the top surface of the foot and the other toes fan out after the sole of the foot has been firmly stroked)
Startle ReflxGrasping, Stepping, Rooting, Pursing lips,
Withdrawal from pain
Cognitive Development
Preference for face-like patterns
6-12 mo = remember, recognize, & react
12 mo = reasoning & higher level cognitive functions
What are babies thinking? Ted Talks
Development of Knowledge Theory = Piaget
Building blocks of human dev = SCHEMAS Generalized mental
representation
Assimilation = using existing schemas & apply to new info
Accommodation = change schema
Four Stages1. Sensorimotor birth – 2 yrs
2. Preoperational 2-7 yrs
3. Concrete Operational 7-11 yrs
4. Formal Operational 11 into adulthood
•Infant = Scientists!
•learn about the world through senses and body movements
1 to 4 mo = Learn to combine two reflexes
4 to 8 mo = Improve hand-eye coordination
Step Four 8 to 12 months
• Intentional behavior
• They learn certain actions lead to certain results
• Imitates others
• Love playing Peek-A-Boo
• Learn Object Permanence
12 to 18 mo =
• Trial and error: Push a cracker off a high chair and watch it fall to the floor. Then does it again
• Can find hidden objects
• Understands that objects exist independently
18 to 24 mo= Begin to experiment mentally as well as physically• They think about what they are going to do
before they do it
• Ages 2 to 7
•Basic Mental operations start replacing sensorimotor activities as the primary way to learn
•Make-believe play is used to create and express all kinds of mental images
I “eated” my apple
No, it’s ate
Then I “ated” my apple
Children learn mostly by language and mental images
Everyone views the world like I do
I don’t want to go to sleep! I’m not tired!
He hurt my feelings so I hit him!
Use feeling to
solve problems
rather than logic
•learning multiple classification– the ability to understand that an object may fit into more than one category•learning seriation—the ability top order groups of things by size, weight, or any common property
– For example arranging beads on a bracelet from smallest to largest
•They think the same amount of liquid is more when poured into a tall think glass.
•To them taller means more!
My birthday is before Christmas
and after Halloween
•Children may not be aware of what is real and what is make-believe