developmental plasticity and symbiosis environment is not as bad as we thought reaction norm vs....
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![Page 1: Developmental Plasticity and Symbiosis Environment is not as bad as we thought Reaction Norm vs. Polyphenism Environmental regulation of phenotypes Learning](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062312/55191f605503464a428b4b27/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Developmental Plasticity and Symbiosis
• Environment is not as bad as we thought• Reaction Norm vs. Polyphenism• Environmental regulation of phenotypes• Learning
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Nature vs Nurture?
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Plasticity• Phenotypic • Developmental
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Reaction Norm
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Polyphenism
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Dung Beetles and Ants: Diet-induced polyphenisms
• Queen Ant vs Worker Ant• Horned male Dung Beetles:
Protector of the Female.
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Diet and Gene regulation• DNA methylation• viable-yellow of Agouti-
transposon in cis-regulatory element.
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Predator-induced Polyphenisms• Kairomones
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Predator-induced Polyphenisms: Amphibians• More muscle mass in tail.• Kairomones can make the
tadpole more sensitive to environmental insults: fertilizers et al.
Figure 17.6
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Good Vibrations
Fig. 17.7
Geronimo
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Temperature and Sex
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Temperature and Butterfly wings
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Environment, Anxiety, and DNA methylation
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Learning
• No division• New Neurons• Changing connections
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Nervous system: Plasticity and Learning
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Experience and vision
• Hubel and Wiesel (1960s)• Right eye occluded for 3
months• Occurs within 4 to 6 weeks
of birth
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Life cycle and Polyphenisms
• Diapause• Larval Settlement
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Spadefoot Toad
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Symbiosis• Parasitism• Mutualism• Commensalism
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Developmental Symbiosis: passing on the help
• Vertical transmission• Horizontal transmission• Wolbachia infection
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Shedding light on symbiosis• Euprymna-Vibrio• Light organ development and luminescence
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Obligate mutualism
Spotted Salamander and Oophilia amblystomatis
Filariasis worm and Wolbachia
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Symbiosis in mammalian intestine