development of wind power energy in nepal

7/31/2019 Development of Wind Power Energy in Nepal

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Presented by:-Umesh Badu(03)

Manoj Basnet(04)

Sujit Dahal(05)


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IntroductionWind is the movement of airacross the surface of the Earth,from areas of high pressure toareas of low pressure.

Wind power is theconversion of windenergy into a useful form ofenergy, such as using: windturbines to makeelectricity, windmills formechanical power, wind

pumps for waterpumping or drainage, orsails to propel ships.


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ContdWind power, as an alternative to fossil fuels, is

plentiful, renewable, widely distributed, clean,produces no greenhouse gas emissions duringoperation and uses little land.

The total amount of economically extractable poweravailable from the wind is considerably more than

present human power use from all sources.


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HistoryThe first practical windmills were inuse in Iran at least by the 9th century

The use of windmills became

widespread use across the Middle East

and Central Asia, and later spread toChina and India.

In July 1887, a Scottish academic,

Professor James Blith, built a cloth-

sailed wind turbine in his cottage in

Marykirk and used the electricity itproduced to power the lights in his

cottage.


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Contd By the mid-1920s, 1 to 3-kilowatt wind generators were

developed.

In 1956 Johannes Juul, a former student of la Cour, built a200 kW, three-bladed turbine at Gedser in Denmark,

which influenced the design of many later turbines.

The NASA wind turbine project built thirteen

experimental turbines which paved the way for muchof the technology


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Global Wind Power CumulativeInstalled Capacity


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How is wind power produced?

Wind turbines harness the wind to generate electricity.Wind turns the turbine blades, which spin a shaft, whichconnects to the generator and makes electricity. A local

transformer is then used to step up the electrical voltage, sothat the electricity can then be sent through transmissionand distribution lines to homes, businesses and otherusers.

Wind turbines can also be used to generate mechanicalpower for specific tasks such as grinding grain or pumping

water. On the Canadian Prairies, for example, there areseveral thousand wind turbines that pump water.


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Basic components of wind

turbinesElectricity-producing wind turbines have four basic

components:

a rotor consisting of two or three blades attached to a hub a generator that produces electricity in the form of

alternating current

a control and protection system that optimizes

performance and keeps the machinery operating within

safe limits

a tower that raises the rotor off the ground.


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Advantages of wind Energy: Free source of Energy

Pollution free and its source of energy is free.

It is a renewable source of energy.

Its potential as a source of power is reasonably good.

Estimated energy overall earth surface is 1.6*107mw.

Wind energy systems avoid fuel provision and transport


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Limitations or disadvantages of

wind energyWind energy is uncertain & irregular, unsteady and

often not reliable.

It is a dilute form of energy and needs storagecapacity.

Wind energy systems are noisy in operation.

Large area is needed.


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Energy in Nepal

The energy resource base of Nepal consists of a

combination of traditional (fuel wood, agriculture residue

and animal dung) and other sources such as hydropower,

solar and wind.

The imported of fossil fuel especially petroleum products

is also raising rapidly (>15% per annum).

The use of petroleum fuel for Nepal proves to be veryexpensive and foreign dependent for the country as its

40% of the national foreign currency earning is spent on

the import of the same.


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Contd Electricity consumption grew at an average annual growth

rate of about 12% during last two decade.

The main source of the electricity comes from thehydropower with present installed capacity of about610

MW and providing electricity to only about 9% of the

population of the entire country and less than 3% of therural population has this opportunity.


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Biomass86.9%

Petrolium9%

Coal2%

Electricity2%

Renewables0.1%

Total Energy Consumption by

Fuel type


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Historical Background of wind

energy production in Nepal

Early seventies: USAID supported to establish a wind turbineat Rampur in Chitwan District (Southern Plain)

Late seventies: an individual installed a wind turbine forpumping water in Ramechhap District (Eastern hilly region)

RECAST: Two wind turbines from India for water pumping In 1985, Feasibility study of wind power plant in Mustang and

Myagdi


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Contd

In 1989, Nepal Electricity Authority (NEA), installed and

operated two 10kW wind turbine generators (WTG) inKagbeni of Mustang ( Supported by DANIDA)

From1990-95,Krishna Grill and Engineering

Works(KGEW) fabricated and installed 3 wind pumps in

the eastern region of Nepal. In 2001 WECS has established five anemometer stations

to assess the Wind energy potential in Nepal.


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Effort in Mustang The first systematic attempt to utilize wind energy for

rural electrification

Two 10 kW wind turbine generators ordered fromCresswell Engineering (UK) were installed in Kagbeni in

December 1989. The total cost of the project was N.

Rupees 6.8 million (approx US $150,000) in 1989.

The estimated energy production was 12,000 kW per yeargenerating revenue of NRs. 40,000. The expected annual

operation and maintenance coat was NRs.200,000

It was a complete failure.


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Causes of failure in Mustang The investigation in the Mustang fiasco was undertaken by

NEA to ascertain the reasons for the failure.

It is reported that though the average wind speed in Kagbeni is

about 9.2 m/s, number of hours with high wind speed issignificant, wind turbulence due to the proximity of mountainswas not taken into consideration during the design.

When Cresswell Engineering arrived for the installation, theyrealized that the wind was stronger than the expected and they

cut 0.5 m of each blade, which may have resulted inunbalanced system.

Furthermore, yaw brakes of the wind turbine generators werevery weak and caused significant stress on the system.


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CONTD The potential survey done by Dangrid in 1992 with UNDP

funding shows that 200MW of wind power can be produced inthe 12-km corridor from Kagbeni to Chusang alone. It is

estimated that 500 GWh electricity can be generated annually.

Institutional Status

Government Policy

Overall government policy on renewable energy technologies

also mentions wind energy. In the Eight Plan the government

had allocated NRs. 30 million for the development of the windenergy in Nepal, including the preparation of Wind Energy

Master Plan. However, the Master Plan has failed to

materialize so far.


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CONTDHuman Resource DevelopmentThere are no formally trained professionals and technical

manpower in the country and there are also no

manufacturers yet. No formal education is being provided

by any institutions in Nepal on wind energy


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Environmental Issues

Modern wind energy converters (WEC) can generate

energy required for providing it within three months and

in twenty years of operation it can generate up to eighty

times more energy than required for its production.

A 600kW WEC can displace 1200 tons of carbon dioxide

annually.

However, if not properly planned and installed windpower plants can lead to noise pollution, radio

interference, land-use conflicts, interference in the way of

birds, and spoil the aesthetics.


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Barriers in development of

wind Energy in Nepal Past failures have negative effects on the development of

wind energy in Nepal.

In all previous attempts to harness wind energy in the

country, very little efforts had been made to study the

characteristics of the wind in the specific areas.

Lack of adequate information on wind characteristics is

the primary reason for the past failures. Lack of appropriate institutions to study wind, design and

implement wind power projects, provide maintenance

services, information, etc. were also some of the reasons

for failure.


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Future Strategy and

Recommendations Technical

Installation of micro (100 Watts) Wind EnergyConverters in remote areas to power battery chargingstations for lighting.

Installation of small wind and hybrid systems (Wind-PV, Wind-Diesel. Wind- Gasifier, etc.) in the Terai and

valleys for pumping water for irrigation drinkingpurposes.

Installation of large Wind Energy Converters forsupplying electricity to the grid.


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CONTDResearch and Development

The research should focus on innovations on preparationof wind database and analysis, demonstration schemes,fabrication of low-tech items, use of cost effectivetechnologies .

Wind Data Collection and analysis

For technical and financial viability of wind power stationthe first and the foremost requirement is the detailed wind

characteristics of the station site. Since Nepal does nothave much information on wind speed in different parts ofthe country priority should be given to collection andanalysis of wind data before large-scale plants are

installed.


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CONTD Entrepreneurship development

Private sector workshops should be encouraged to

fabricate as much of the components as possible within

the country.

Local communities and individual entrepreneurs should be

supported in smooth operation and management of the

power plants.

Legal ArrangementLegal provision regarding occupation of public land and

impact due to noise be made so that entrepreneurs can

work freely.


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CONTD Human Resource Development

Local manpower for collection and analysis of winddata, design, equipment selection, fabrication ofcomponents, installation, after sales services,operation, maintenance and management of wind

plants need to be trained.

Subsidy

Subsidy should be provided for the total cost includingboth electrical and mechanical equipment, batterycharging station, tower and foundation works andtransportation.


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Conclusion Wind energy can be one of the most efficient, environment

friendly and renewable energy for the context of Nepal. Thenature of wind energy available in Nepal suggest that thedetail site-specific measurement of hourly wind speedis required for designing and evaluating the performance of

wind energy electricity generation system. However, the wind energy utilization for pumping water

may not require sophisticated wind speed database.

Also demonstration of small-scale wind energy systems

may be carried out with the active participation of localcommunities. There may be a possibility of utilizing windenergy to develop the hybrid system with other renewableenergy technologies, so that optimum use of differentrenewable energy resources can be made.


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References

http://www.nepalitimes.com/issue/2010/12/17/Nation/177

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http://www.energyhimalaya.com/sources/wind-

energy.html http://www.aepc.gov.np/index.php?option=com_cont

ent&view...
http://www.nepalitimes.com/issue/2010/12/17/Nation/17750http://www.nepalitimes.com/issue/2010/12/17/Nation/17750http://www.energyhimalaya.com/sources/wind-energy.htmlhttp://www.energyhimalaya.com/sources/wind-energy.htmlhttp://www.aepc.gov.np/index.php?option=com_content&view...http://www.aepc.gov.np/index.php?option=com_content&view...http://www.aepc.gov.np/index.php?option=com_content&view...http://www.aepc.gov.np/index.php?option=com_content&view...http://www.energyhimalaya.com/sources/wind-energy.htmlhttp://www.energyhimalaya.com/sources/wind-energy.htmlhttp://www.energyhimalaya.com/sources/wind-energy.htmlhttp://www.nepalitimes.com/issue/2010/12/17/Nation/17750http://www.nepalitimes.com/issue/2010/12/17/Nation/17750http://www.nepalitimes.com/issue/2010/12/17/Nation/17750


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development of wind power energy in nepal

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