development of underwater quality and natural gas leak detection system using fuzzy neuro approach...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Development of underwater quality and natural gas leak detection system using fuzzy neuro approach image processing](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042817/55a6ba8d1a28abf8088b4746/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Development of Underwater Quality and Natural Gas Leak Detection
System using Fuzzy Neuro Approach Image Processing
By: Edgar Caburatan Carrillo II
Thesis Proposal for the degree of
Master of Science in Mechanical Engineering
De La Salle University Manila, Philippines
![Page 2: Development of underwater quality and natural gas leak detection system using fuzzy neuro approach image processing](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042817/55a6ba8d1a28abf8088b4746/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Natural Gas Pipeline System
![Page 3: Development of underwater quality and natural gas leak detection system using fuzzy neuro approach image processing](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042817/55a6ba8d1a28abf8088b4746/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
1. Introduction
1.1. Background of the Study
Worldwide Natural Gas Production Natural Gas in the Philippines Problem with Natural Gas leaking Existing Technologies of Natural Gas Proposed Solution
![Page 4: Development of underwater quality and natural gas leak detection system using fuzzy neuro approach image processing](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042817/55a6ba8d1a28abf8088b4746/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
1. Introduction
1.1. Background of the Study Worldwide Natural Gas Production¾ of World Energy consumption from Natural gas,liquid and coal by 2040 (USEIA, 2013) Natural Gas in the PhilippinesProjects of Philippine government to transport natural through underground and underwater piping networks include: BATMAN 1, SU-MA (Sucat-Malaya), BATMAN 2, ET LOOP and BATCAVE (DOE, 2014) Problem with Natural Gas leaking economic and environmental risks (TRB, 2004)
Existing Technologies of Natural Gas Existing technology need to be improve either by having a leak detection technology that is cheap and accurate (Murvay & Silea, 2012).
![Page 5: Development of underwater quality and natural gas leak detection system using fuzzy neuro approach image processing](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042817/55a6ba8d1a28abf8088b4746/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Types of Cracks
1.Orifice Crack
www.senninger.com
2.Line Crack
![Page 6: Development of underwater quality and natural gas leak detection system using fuzzy neuro approach image processing](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042817/55a6ba8d1a28abf8088b4746/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Types of Cracks
3.Stress Corrosion Cracking
www.met-tech.com
4.Hydrogen Induced Cracking
www.masteel.co.uk
![Page 7: Development of underwater quality and natural gas leak detection system using fuzzy neuro approach image processing](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042817/55a6ba8d1a28abf8088b4746/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Types of Cracks
5.Stress-Oriented Hydrogen Induced Cracking (SOHIC)www.corrosioncontrol.net
6.Lapspmpaspeakingofprecision.com
![Page 8: Development of underwater quality and natural gas leak detection system using fuzzy neuro approach image processing](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042817/55a6ba8d1a28abf8088b4746/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Types of Cracks
7.Hook Crackswww.china-weldnet.com
8. Fatigue Crackswww.azom.com
![Page 9: Development of underwater quality and natural gas leak detection system using fuzzy neuro approach image processing](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042817/55a6ba8d1a28abf8088b4746/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Types of Cracks
9. Narrow Axial External Corrosion (NAEC)nainamania.wordpress.com
![Page 10: Development of underwater quality and natural gas leak detection system using fuzzy neuro approach image processing](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042817/55a6ba8d1a28abf8088b4746/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Flow of Gases in leaks
![Page 11: Development of underwater quality and natural gas leak detection system using fuzzy neuro approach image processing](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042817/55a6ba8d1a28abf8088b4746/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Turbulent Flow
![Page 12: Development of underwater quality and natural gas leak detection system using fuzzy neuro approach image processing](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042817/55a6ba8d1a28abf8088b4746/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Laminar Flow
![Page 13: Development of underwater quality and natural gas leak detection system using fuzzy neuro approach image processing](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042817/55a6ba8d1a28abf8088b4746/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
![Page 14: Development of underwater quality and natural gas leak detection system using fuzzy neuro approach image processing](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042817/55a6ba8d1a28abf8088b4746/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Molecular Flow
![Page 15: Development of underwater quality and natural gas leak detection system using fuzzy neuro approach image processing](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042817/55a6ba8d1a28abf8088b4746/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Molecular Flow
![Page 16: Development of underwater quality and natural gas leak detection system using fuzzy neuro approach image processing](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042817/55a6ba8d1a28abf8088b4746/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Molecular Flow
![Page 17: Development of underwater quality and natural gas leak detection system using fuzzy neuro approach image processing](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042817/55a6ba8d1a28abf8088b4746/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Kinetic Theory
As analyzed by Albert Einstein in 1905, this experimental evidence for kinetic theory is generally seen as having confirmed the existence of atoms and molecules.
![Page 18: Development of underwater quality and natural gas leak detection system using fuzzy neuro approach image processing](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042817/55a6ba8d1a28abf8088b4746/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
What is a digital Image?
http://people.cs.clemson.edu/~dhouse/courses/405/notes/pixmaps-rgb.pdf
![Page 19: Development of underwater quality and natural gas leak detection system using fuzzy neuro approach image processing](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042817/55a6ba8d1a28abf8088b4746/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
RGB Color Spacehttp://people.cs.clemson.edu/~dhouse/courses/405/notes/pixmaps-rgb.pdf
![Page 20: Development of underwater quality and natural gas leak detection system using fuzzy neuro approach image processing](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042817/55a6ba8d1a28abf8088b4746/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
RGB Color Space
![Page 21: Development of underwater quality and natural gas leak detection system using fuzzy neuro approach image processing](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042817/55a6ba8d1a28abf8088b4746/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
RGB Color Cube
![Page 22: Development of underwater quality and natural gas leak detection system using fuzzy neuro approach image processing](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042817/55a6ba8d1a28abf8088b4746/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Fuzzy Image Processinghttp://tizhoosh.uwaterloo.ca/Fuzzy_Image_Processing/theory.htm
1. Fuzzy Geometry2.Measures of Fuzziness and Image Information3. Fuzzy Inference System4. Fuzzy Mathematical Morphology5. Fuzzy Measure Theory6. Fuzzy Grammars7. Combined Appoach 8. Extension of Classical methods
![Page 23: Development of underwater quality and natural gas leak detection system using fuzzy neuro approach image processing](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042817/55a6ba8d1a28abf8088b4746/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Why Fuzzy image processing?
1. Fuzzy techniques are powerful tools for knowledge representation and processing.
2. Fuzzy techniques can manage the vagueness and ambiguity efficiently.
In many image processing applications, we have to use expert knowledge to overcome the difficulties (e.g. object recognition, scene analysis).
http://tizhoosh.uwaterloo.ca/Fuzzy_Image_Processing/why.htm
![Page 24: Development of underwater quality and natural gas leak detection system using fuzzy neuro approach image processing](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042817/55a6ba8d1a28abf8088b4746/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Fuzzy Image Processing
![Page 25: Development of underwater quality and natural gas leak detection system using fuzzy neuro approach image processing](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042817/55a6ba8d1a28abf8088b4746/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Kinds of Image Fuzzification
http://tizhoosh.uwaterloo.ca/Fuzzy_Image_Processing/theory.htm
Fuzzification- Process of transforming crisp values into grades of membership for linguistic terms of fuzzy sets.
![Page 26: Development of underwater quality and natural gas leak detection system using fuzzy neuro approach image processing](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042817/55a6ba8d1a28abf8088b4746/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Structure of Fuzzy Image Processing
![Page 27: Development of underwater quality and natural gas leak detection system using fuzzy neuro approach image processing](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042817/55a6ba8d1a28abf8088b4746/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Fuzzification process (coding of images)
![Page 28: Development of underwater quality and natural gas leak detection system using fuzzy neuro approach image processing](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042817/55a6ba8d1a28abf8088b4746/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
History of Fuzzy Logic
![Page 29: Development of underwater quality and natural gas leak detection system using fuzzy neuro approach image processing](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042817/55a6ba8d1a28abf8088b4746/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
1.2. Statement of the Problem
Existing technology
either expensive (Meng, Yuxing, Wuchang, & Juntao, 2011)
less accurate (Doorhy, 2011)
![Page 30: Development of underwater quality and natural gas leak detection system using fuzzy neuro approach image processing](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042817/55a6ba8d1a28abf8088b4746/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Proposed solution
A natural gas leak detection system that is cheap and accurate by using Fuzzy Neuro Approach.
Reasons behind:
Fuzzy neuro approach was used by many researchers in detection of water leaks and the like.
![Page 31: Development of underwater quality and natural gas leak detection system using fuzzy neuro approach image processing](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042817/55a6ba8d1a28abf8088b4746/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
1.3. Objective of the Study
The main purpose of this study is to develop a water quality and natural
underwater gas leak detection system using fuzzy-neuro image processing. This study specifically aims:
1.To develop an aquarium prototype for an underwater water quality and gas leak detection experimental set-up,
2. To determine the quality of water using fuzzy logic algorithm,
3. To develop an image processing algorithm to detect water bubbles on both clean and average environment,
4. To develop a neural network algorithm to detect gas leaks in the underwater pipeline system using bubble formation,
5. To verify the accuracy, reliability and robustness of the proposed algorithm in determining gas leaks underwater.
![Page 32: Development of underwater quality and natural gas leak detection system using fuzzy neuro approach image processing](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042817/55a6ba8d1a28abf8088b4746/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
1.4. Significance of the Study
The creation of study will trigger awareness in the stakeholders in the area and create a worldwide impact. These stakeholders include the companies, people occupying in the area, government, investors, and experts. .
![Page 33: Development of underwater quality and natural gas leak detection system using fuzzy neuro approach image processing](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042817/55a6ba8d1a28abf8088b4746/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
1.5. Scope of the StudyScope: Natural Gas Lab scale PC based model Contaminant addition
![Page 34: Development of underwater quality and natural gas leak detection system using fuzzy neuro approach image processing](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042817/55a6ba8d1a28abf8088b4746/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
2.Review of Related Literature
2.1. Properties of Natural Gas
![Page 35: Development of underwater quality and natural gas leak detection system using fuzzy neuro approach image processing](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042817/55a6ba8d1a28abf8088b4746/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
2.Review of Related Literature
2.2. Leak Detection Method known by Science(Murvay & Silea, 2012)
![Page 36: Development of underwater quality and natural gas leak detection system using fuzzy neuro approach image processing](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042817/55a6ba8d1a28abf8088b4746/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
2.Review of Related Literature
2.3. Non-conventional Algorithm
2.3.1. Genetic Algorithm (Sivanandan, & Deppa , 2008).
2.3.2. Artificial Neural Network-94.2% (Carvalho et al., 2006)2.3.3. Fuzzy Logic-90% (Da Silva et al., 2005)
![Page 37: Development of underwater quality and natural gas leak detection system using fuzzy neuro approach image processing](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042817/55a6ba8d1a28abf8088b4746/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
2.Review of Related Literature
2.4. Image Processing
Leak detection in water ( Ekuakille et al., 2014)
![Page 38: Development of underwater quality and natural gas leak detection system using fuzzy neuro approach image processing](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042817/55a6ba8d1a28abf8088b4746/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
3. Framework
3.1. Conceptual Framework
![Page 39: Development of underwater quality and natural gas leak detection system using fuzzy neuro approach image processing](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042817/55a6ba8d1a28abf8088b4746/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Clearer View of Prototype Set-up
![Page 40: Development of underwater quality and natural gas leak detection system using fuzzy neuro approach image processing](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042817/55a6ba8d1a28abf8088b4746/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Fuzzy Logic Structure
Determination of Underwater Quality
![Page 41: Development of underwater quality and natural gas leak detection system using fuzzy neuro approach image processing](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042817/55a6ba8d1a28abf8088b4746/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
Detection of Leakage
1. Bubble Formation2. Pressure Decrease Test3. Pressure Increase Test4. Pressure Difference Test
http://www.leakdetection-technology.com/science/leak-detection-and-measuring-methods
![Page 42: Development of underwater quality and natural gas leak detection system using fuzzy neuro approach image processing](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042817/55a6ba8d1a28abf8088b4746/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Detection of Bubbles1. Classification2. Feature Extraction 3. Pattern Recognition
Techniques can be used in image processing:1. Pixelation2. Neural Networks3.Linear Filtering4. Principal Component Analysis5. Hidden Markov Models6. Anisotropic Diffusion7. Partial Diffential Equations8. Self-organizing Maps9. Wavelets
http://thesisconcepts.com/digital-image-processing
![Page 43: Development of underwater quality and natural gas leak detection system using fuzzy neuro approach image processing](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042817/55a6ba8d1a28abf8088b4746/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
Pixelation
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pixelation#/media/File:Dithering_example_undithered.png
1. Object Recognition2. Motion Recognition
http://thesisconcepts.com/digital-image-processing
![Page 44: Development of underwater quality and natural gas leak detection system using fuzzy neuro approach image processing](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042817/55a6ba8d1a28abf8088b4746/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
Object RecognitionAppearance-based method1. Edge Matching2. Divide and Conquer Search3. Greyscale Matching4. Gradient Matching5. Histogram of receptive field responses6. Large model bases
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outline_of_object_recognition
Feature-based method1. Interpretation trees2. Hypothesize and test3. Pose consistency4. Pose Clustering5. Invariance6. Geometric hashing7. Scale-invariant feature Transform (SIFT)8. Speed Up Robust Features (SURF)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outline_of_object_recognition
http://thesisconcepts.com/digital-image-processing
![Page 45: Development of underwater quality and natural gas leak detection system using fuzzy neuro approach image processing](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042817/55a6ba8d1a28abf8088b4746/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
Motion Detection
Motion detection is the process of detecting a change in position of an object relative to its surroundings or the change in the surroundings relative to an object.
Motion can be detected by:
1. Infrared (Passive and active sensors)2. Optics (video and camera systems)3. Radio Frequency Energy (radar, microwave and tomographic motion detection)4. Sound (microphones and acoustic sensors)5. Vibration (triboelectric, seismic, and inertia-switch sensors)6. Magnetism (magnetic sensors and magnetometers)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motion_detection
![Page 46: Development of underwater quality and natural gas leak detection system using fuzzy neuro approach image processing](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042817/55a6ba8d1a28abf8088b4746/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
Optical Flow
Optical flow or optic flow is the pattern of apparent motion of objects, surfaces, and edges in a visual scene caused by the relative motion between an observer (an eye or a camera) and the scene
![Page 47: Development of underwater quality and natural gas leak detection system using fuzzy neuro approach image processing](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042817/55a6ba8d1a28abf8088b4746/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
Neural Network Structure
![Page 48: Development of underwater quality and natural gas leak detection system using fuzzy neuro approach image processing](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042817/55a6ba8d1a28abf8088b4746/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
4. Methodology
![Page 49: Development of underwater quality and natural gas leak detection system using fuzzy neuro approach image processing](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042817/55a6ba8d1a28abf8088b4746/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
5. Summary Answering Specific Objectives1. To develop an aquarium prototype for an underwater water quality and gas leak detection experimental set-up,
2. To determine the quality of water using fuzzy logic algorithm,
3. To develop an image processing algorithm to detect water bubbles on both clean and average environment,
4. To develop a neural network algorithm to detect gas leaks in the underwater pipeline system using bubble formation,
5. To verify the accuracy, reliability and robustness of the proposed algorithm in determining gas leaks underwater.
![Page 50: Development of underwater quality and natural gas leak detection system using fuzzy neuro approach image processing](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042817/55a6ba8d1a28abf8088b4746/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
1. To develop an aquarium prototype for an underwater water quality and gas leak detection experimental set-up
![Page 51: Development of underwater quality and natural gas leak detection system using fuzzy neuro approach image processing](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042817/55a6ba8d1a28abf8088b4746/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
2. To determine the quality of water using fuzzy logic algorithm
Quality of Water Expected recognition rate Actual recognition rate
Clean 80% More than 80%
Dirty 80% More than 80%
![Page 52: Development of underwater quality and natural gas leak detection system using fuzzy neuro approach image processing](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042817/55a6ba8d1a28abf8088b4746/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
3. To develop an image processing algorithm to detect water bubbles on both clean and average environment
Quality of Water Previous recognition rate Actual recognition rate
Clean 80% More than 80%
Dirty 80% More than 80%
![Page 53: Development of underwater quality and natural gas leak detection system using fuzzy neuro approach image processing](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042817/55a6ba8d1a28abf8088b4746/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
4. To develop a neural network algorithm to detect gas leaks in the underwater pipeline system using bubble formation
Quality of Water Previous recognition rate Actual recognition rate
Clean 90% More than 90%
Dirty 90% More than 90%
![Page 54: Development of underwater quality and natural gas leak detection system using fuzzy neuro approach image processing](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042817/55a6ba8d1a28abf8088b4746/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
5. To verify the accuracy, reliability and robustness of the proposed algorithm in determining gas leaks underwater.
Proposed Algorithm Actual recognition rate
Fuzzy Logic Water Detector More than 80%
Neural Network gas leak detector
More than 90%
Image Detector Created More than 90%
![Page 55: Development of underwater quality and natural gas leak detection system using fuzzy neuro approach image processing](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042817/55a6ba8d1a28abf8088b4746/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
5. Appendix A: Gantt Chart
![Page 56: Development of underwater quality and natural gas leak detection system using fuzzy neuro approach image processing](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042817/55a6ba8d1a28abf8088b4746/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
5. Appendix B: Costing
![Page 57: Development of underwater quality and natural gas leak detection system using fuzzy neuro approach image processing](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042817/55a6ba8d1a28abf8088b4746/html5/thumbnails/57.jpg)
Thank You For Listening!The Researcher is now ready to
answer questions.