development of science and technology: information technology and computer assisted instruction
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Development in Science
and Technology:
Information Technology andComputer-Aided Instruction
Reported by:Hedeliza T. Martin
MAED II
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Science and Technology
Defini t ions:
Scienceis a way of practicing knowledge, as well asthe knowledge itself.
Technologyis defined as the scientific methods and
materials used to achieve industrial objectives.
How are Science and Techno logy Related?
Science and Technology are linked hand in hand.
Science is the studies, trials and successes of
experiments and intellectual activity in the real world,
whereas, technology is the application of science,particularly to attain industrial or commercial
objectives.
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Development of Science and TechnologyHistory o f Science
describes and explains the birth, growth, andpossible decay of its subjects of study
this is done with the help of historical sources,
and by using various explanatory factors
History of Technology
machine history
The influence of technology on society
Technology as an agent of change in world history
Which factors have shaped development of
technology?
Cultural, political, economical
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Types of Technology
1.Admin is t ra t ive: The equipment which is used to
perform to support the administrative functions ofthe program such as telephones, photocopiers,
fax machine and so on
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Types of Technology
2. Instruc t ional Techn ology: In this type we will be
looking primarily at instructional technology. So
there are many types, the basics include are
described below:
Television: There are many channels and individual
shows which is accessed by cable as well as satellite.
Cable channel are less expensive than satellite. Sodue to the help of technology people can visit
different places by not going to that place.
Technology is one the basic needs of people.
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Types of Technology
Computer: Now a days computer make our world
more smaller and smaller due to which we can talk
LIVE to different people of the world. Computer plays
an important role to technology. Due to computer
many other things are being used such as printer,
cameras and so on. Technology gives a new rise to
a things and computer helps to work it properly.
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Types of Technology
3. Information Technology: The study, design and
development of computer-based informationsystems that deals with electronic computers and
computer software to convert, store, protect,
process, transmit, and securely retrieve
information. Now a days many people used to
read information technology with is a type oftechnology. When computer and communications
technologies are combined, the result is
information technology. So information technology
is a basic part of technology.
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Types of Information Technology
E-mail and instant messagingis the oldest type
of computer telecommunications. The first e-mailservices to send only todays text, images, audio
files, and send other types of information
disseminated. This type of large files like videos,
are usually among other things, too much data for
most email services. Unlike email, instantmessaging back and forth with other users
ensures a faster change. This is mainly for text
and simple graphics are available, sending links to
those files, like video, large files directly through
instant messaging to others.
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Types of Information Technology
Video Chat allows other users video chat face to
face communication. As instant messaging is theexchange takes place in real time. However, the
technique is one of the most demanding in terms
of the amount of data to transmit. Can not
therefore be used as an Internet computer and
reliable. At least at least 1 megabit per second, awebcam and an Internet connection, you must
have. If your computer when you least 1 GHz
processor and 1 GB of RAM you have is best.
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Types of Information Technology
Voice over Internet Protocol systems, voice
calls are to activate. The experience of amicrophone, speakers and have the capacity
provided through the Internet from any computer,
you can connect outside of it as a search for a
traditional phone call. If you have a Pocket PC is
usually free, can be an attractive alternative to amobile phone VoIP services.
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Types of Information Technology
Social networking sites as a unique service
combines the talents of manytelecommunications. Overall, the service provides
a user interface that provides access to several of
these technologies. This e-mail, instant
messaging, video chat and several bulletin boards
can post text, photos, or include some pre-recorded videos. Despite these services
elsewhere, social networking sites when they are
open to the service to contact you in many ways,
so that the visibility of other users of your choice.
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Computer-Aided Instruction (CAI)
Computer Assisted Instruction or CAI is instruction
by means of a computer. Computers are a familiarsight in classrooms in the twenty-first century, and
technology has been used to streamline many
educational tasks.
There are different types of educational computeruse, and not every use of a computer in the
classroom is considered computer-assisted
instruction. The educational uses of computers that
are considered to be computer-assisted instruction
(CAI) or computer-based instruction (CBI) are those
cases in which either instruction is presented through
a computer program to a passive student, or the
computer is the platform for an interactive and
personalized learning environment.
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Computer-Aided Instruction (CAI)
Within the broad definition, computer-assisted
instruction may follow different paths to the sameend. One example is how computer-assisted
instruction is used in relation to other teaching
presentations. CAI can be used either in isolation,
bearing the whole responsibility for conveying
instruction to students, or in combination withconventional, i.e., face-to-face, teaching methods.
Research has shown that the combination of
conventional and CAI instruction has been most
effective in raising student achievement scores.
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Computer-Aided Instruction (CAI)
(CAI) is a self-learning technique, usually offline/
online, involving interaction of the student with
programmed instructional materials.
(CAI) is an interactive instructional technique whereby
a computer is used to present the instructional material
and monitor the learning that takes place.
(CAI) uses a combination of text, graphics, sound andvideo in enhancing the learning process. The computer
has many purposes in the classroom, and it can be
utilized to help a student in all areas of the curriculum.
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Computer-Aided Instruction (CAI)
Typical CAI provides:
1. text or multimedia content2. multiple-choice questions
3. problems
4. immediate feedback
5. notes on incorrect responses6. summarizes students' performance
7. exercises for practice
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Types of Computer-Aided Instruction
1. Drill and practiceprovide opportunities or students torepeatedly practice the skills that have previously been
presented and that further practice is necessary formastery.
2. Tutorial activity includes both the presentation ofinformation and its extension into different forms of work,including drill and practice, games and simulation.
3. Game softwareoften creates a contest to achieve thehighest score and either beat others or beat the computer.
4. Simulation softwarecan provide an approximation ofreality that does not require the expense of real life or itsrisks.
5. Discovery approach provides a large database of
information specific to a course or content area andchallenges the learner to analyze, compare, infer andevaluate based on their explorations of the data.
6. Problem SolvingThis approach helps children developspecific problem solving skills and strategies.
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Advantages of (CAI)
one-to-one interaction
great motivator
freedom to experiment with different options
instantaneous response/immediate feedback to theanswers elicited
Self pacing - allow students to proceed at their own
paceHelps teacher can devote more time to individualstudents
Privacy helps the shy and slow learner to learns
Individual attention
learn more and more rapidly
multimedia helps to understand difficult conceptsthrough multi sensory approach
self directed learning students can decide when,
where, and what to learn
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Disadvantages of (CAI)
may feel overwhelmed by the information and
resources available
over use of multimedia may divert the attention from
the content
learning becomes too mechanical
non availability of good CAI packages
lack of infrastructure
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References
http://www.infotech.oulu.fi/GraduateSchool/ICourses/2006/phd/lecture_kallinen.pdf
http://www.ima.umn.edu/~arnold//papers/cai.pdfhttp://www.vblite.org/types-of-information-technology.html
http://ijahsp.nova.edu/articles/Vol9Num3/pdf/Galvis.pdf
http://www.atlantis-press.com/php/download_paper.php?id=7202
http://ip-science.thomsonreuters.com/m/pdfs/fed-res/20130319-fuse-tr.pdf
http://www.csiic.ca/PDF/Godin_8.pdf
http://www.esl-library.com/pdf/lessons/1026.type1.28012013.pdf
http://www.ask.com/question/what-is-computer-assisted-instruction
http://www.wisegeek.org/what-is-computer-assisted-instruction.htm
http://wikieducator.org/Computer_Assisted_Instruction_(C
AI)
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Thank you!