development of affordable adsorbent systems (dafwat) felix

Development of affordable adsorbent systems

for arsenic and fluoride removal in the

drinking water sources in Tanzania

(DAFWAT)

Felix Mtalo, Joseph Mtamba

Department of Water Resources Engineering,

University of Dar es Salam (UDSM), Tanzania,

E-mail: [email protected].

Prosun Bhattacharya, Berit Balfors, Roger

Thunvik, Helfrid Schulte-Herbrüggen,

M. Annaduzzaman

Department of Sustainable Development, Environmental Science and Technology KTH-

International Groundwater Arsenic Research Group Teknikringen 76, SE-10044

Stockholm, Sweden

E-mail: [email protected]

Project reference: .........2235............

Development of affordable adsorbent systems for geogenic contaminant removal (2015-2020)

2

Popular Summary:

There is a serious problem of elevated concentration of Arsenic and Fluoride containing

waters in parts of the Tanzanian Rift valley, particularly in the Northern regions. The elevated

concentration of these elements has posed a serious medical problem for dental, skeletal and

skin cancer. About 90% of the population living along the Great Rift Valley are affected by

dental fluorosis at some point. Fluoride issues have been having a lower priority and less

action has been taken to overcome the problem. In some communities there is no reliable

source of low-fluoride water and people may not realise the effects it has on their daily lives.

Current defluoridation technology employed in northern Tanzania is based on household and

community scale units. The units use bone char for sorption of fluoride. While this technology

reduces the fluoride level, it cannot produce water that complies with WHO guideline values

especially due to colouration and in some cases smell. There is also the problem of

preparation of the bones, collection of sustainable quantities and some religious beliefs.

Furthermore, high concentrations of arsenic in hand dug wells and deep wells were reported

in the gold mining areas around lake Victoria Basin

Alternative promising adsorbent materials investigated at UDSM, is a combination of

calcined gypsum, bauxite, and magnesites which are available naturally in Tanzania. Other

pollutants such as colour will be removed using membrane technology.

In this study, investigation and optimisation of the use of low-cost affordable adsorbents to

remove fluoride and Arsenic from water will be perfected at laboratory scale, and a pilot

water defluoridation plant will be constructed and tested at one of the places with excess

fluoride under the Arusha Urban Water Supply and Sewerage Authority (AUWSA). This will

also involve a pilot plant for preparation (crushing, sieving and calcination) of adsorbents

from locally available adsorbents rawmaterials (gypsum, bauxite and magnesite). The other

impurities such as colour, organic matter and trace elements will be removed by appyling the

membrane technology.


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Table of Content

Popular Summary ............. 2

Popular Science description ............. 4

1. Introduction ............. 5

2. Background ............. 6

3. Benefits and added value for the partnership between the target

University and Swedish university ........... 15

4. Plans and expected outcome of the selected research training area of

focus/ the research supporting component ........... 16

5. Capacity Development Process: Brief outline of planned activities ........... 16

6. The planned contribution and responsibility of each of the

partners/participants/positions in the proposed research training

programme ........... 22

7. Management ........... 22

8. The operational issues of the research training programme/ research

supporting component ........... 24

9. Organisation of the Personnel Welfare ........... 26

10. Ethical consideration ........... 26

11. References ........... 26


4

Popular Science description:

The problem of fluoride and arsenic contaminated water has been reported in several studies

for water collected around the volcanic mountains, the Rift valley and the mining areas

around lake Victoria in Tanzania. The occurrence is geogenic and methods of reducing or

cleaning the water from the contaminants require a lot of energy or highly sophisticated

technologies which are not common or affordable within the communities living in these

areas. They are therefore forced to drink the contaminated water resulting in illhealth

conditions as observed in the reports from the hospitals and the community in general. 90% of

the people and animals living in these areas are surfering from fluorosis and those close to the

gold mining areas have been reported suffering from skin disorders.

The elevated concentration of these elements has posed a serious medical problems for dental,

skeletal and skin cancer. Fluorosis due to a high intake of fluoride from drinking waters has

previously been reported from several parts of the Tanzania, especially in the Great Rift

Valley and volcanic mountaneous areas of Meru and Kilimanjaro. The ground waters

especially around lake Victoria are characterized by elevated arsenic concentrations which

impair the drinking water quality; however studies are meagre to assess the severity of the

health outcomes. Focussed study will be undertaken to assess the extent of arsenic

contamination atround lake Victoria and in the rift valley groundwaters in order to design

suitable measures for mitigation and alleviate the safe drinking water access to the population

living in these regions.

The present project is focused on investigating the sorption performances of affordable

adsorbent systems for fluoride and arsenic removal in drinking water sources in Tanzania. A

pilot water defluoridation plant will be constructed and tested at one of the boreholes with

excess fluoride under the Arusha Urban Water Supply and Sewerage Authority (AUWSA).

This will also include a pilot plant for preparation (crushing, sieving and calcination) of

adsorbents from locally available adsorbents raw materials (gypsum, bauxite and magnesite).

The membrane technology will be tested for removing colour and othe organics form the raw

water.. AUWSA is interested in this project, since it will provide possible solutions to

alleviate the problem of potable water supply to Arusha city where several boreholes have

been condemned due to elevated Fluoride levels. The urgent need of investigating the

severity and distribution of geogenic contaminants such as arsenic and fluoride in the

Tanzania drinking water supply sources has been little documented in the country. From the

limited information available, groundwater compositions appear to be spatially variable and

highly dependent on the aquifer lithology. The arsenic and fluoride concentration in the

drinking water supply of are much higher than the WHO recommendations for drinking water

quality.


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Enclosure 1

1. Introduction

There is a serious drinking water quality problem related to the presence of elevated gigantic

concentrations of fluoride and arsenic in some parts of Tanzania. High flouride concentration

is a significant water quality problem in the Great Rift Valley, particularly in Arusha (10

mg/l), Shinyanga (2.9 mg/l) and Singida (1.8 mg/l) region (Shedafa and Johnston, 2013;

Mjengera et al. 2003). About 90% of the population living along the Great Rift Valley are

affected by dental or skeletal fluorosis and bone crippling because of drinking water with

high levels of fluoride concentration (Smedley et al. 2002).

The adverse health effects of skin disorder and cancer due to an elevated arsenic

concentration were recently reported around the North Mara gold and Geita mining area in the

Lake Victoria Basin. About 30% of the water sources used for drinking in the country exceed

the maximum acceptable WHO limit of 1.5 mg/l fluoride and 0.01 mg/l arsenic. There is

scarcity of information and understanding of the fate and mobility of geogenic contaminants

in the ground water aquifers and surface water supply sources. This information is crucial in

exploring sources of safe drinking water aquifers, associated human health risks of arsenic

and fluoride pollution and scaling-up innovative technologies for water purification and

policy strategies to overcome the problem. In some communities there is no reliable source of

low-fluoride and arsenic water and people exposed to the high levels of fluoride may not

realize the effects it has on their daily lives.

Arsenic is a very toxic substance. Looking back at the history of WHO`s recommendations

for maximum permissible levels, a gradual lowering of maximum allowable Arsenic

concentration in drinking water can be observed since 1958, when maximum Arsenic

concentration of 200 µg/L was suggested, till 1993, when the guidelines for Drinking water

Quality (GDWQ) recommended 10 µg/L in a provisional definition. The legislative drop in

the maximum permissible Arsenic concentration in drinking water depends upon

technological developments in two principle areas; 1) measurement and quantification and 2)

removal processes.

In the past decade (after 1993), marked developments in both these areas have been made

which strongly indicate that another revision in drinking water Arsenic guidelines by WHO in

near future may be expected, which will of course affect the world-wide Arsenic standards.

The WHO has a general rule that no substance may have a higher life time risk of more than 1

in 100,000. However, several studies on toxicity of Arsenic suggest that purely based on

health effects the drinking water arsenic limit of 10 μg/L may not be sufficient.Thus, today

there exists a general consensus that, if possible, it is necessary to remove Arsenic as far as

possible, not only for the safety of human health from the toxicity of Arsenic, but also for

avoiding future non-compliance issues.The US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA,

1998) and the US Natural Resources Defense Council (NRDC, 2000) has already

recommended Arsenic guidelines below 1 μg/L to attain an acceptable lifetime cancer risk.

Therefore, in this study achieving residual Arsenic concentrations of lower than 1 µg/L was

set as a target to be within the expected future lowering of drinking water Arsenic standard.

In order to provide safe drinking water supplies, there have been limited defluoridation

attempts during the past decades. The current treatment technology employed in northern

Tanzania is based on household and community scale filter units. The units use bone char for

sorption of fluoride. While this technology reduces the fluoride, it cannot produce water that

complies with the WHO guideline values,especially due to colouration and smell. There is

also the problem of preparation of the bones, collection of sustainable quantities and some

religious beliefs. Alternative promising adsorbent materials investigated at UDSM, constist of


6

a combination of calcined gypsum, bauxite, and magnesite which are naturally available in

Tanzania. Other pollutants such as colour and organics will be removed using the membrane

technology.

There is little information and knowledge on the fate and distribution of geochemical

contaminants in the drinking groundwater supplies sources and human health impacts in

Tanzania.

This project gives emphasis on generating local knowledge through specialised training of

staff and students from Department of Water Resources Engineering (WRE-UDSM) at PhD

level. The graduating staff will immediately join the faculty and increase the teaching and

research capability of UDSM. They will be exposed and understand how to realize a problem,

which data and tools are required for possible mitigation measures. The program also

envisages enhancing analytical capabilities through improved laboratory infrastructure to deal

with water quality problems towards affordable and innovative treatment systems for

inclusive development and human health in Tanzania. This initiative is crucial for developing

innovative technologies and transfer of knowledge and best practices, for controlling arsenic

and flouride pollution, from university laboratories to the local users and companies. The

long-term target of this project is to accelerate and advance science, technology and

innovation (STI) through strengthening research collaboration between Department of

Sustainable Development, Environmental Science and Engineering (SEED-KTH) and WRE-

UDSM for sustainable socio-economic growth and policy decision supporting system.

2. Background

2.1. The context of the programme in relation to the university concept paper

This research and training programme is proposed according to the UDSM demand of

strengthening human resource capacity and developing new affordable innovative systems for

pollutants (e.g. Arsenic and Fluoride) removal in the natural drinking water sources. It

responds to Item 5.1.5 Research and human resource capacity development in Natural

Resources (Wildlife, Forestry, Water, Mineral and Materials) and Tourism of the UDSM

concept note.This theme is important to Tanzania Development Vision (TDV 2025) and Big

Results Now (BRN) and teh Millenium Development goals (MDG) initiatives as it removes

the constraint of human access to adequate water of good quality and quantity. The present

programme is geared towards training four PhD and six Master Students in the field of water

resources engineering - biogeochemical analysis and modelling through developing

affordable technologies which can reduce the vulnerability of toxic elements (e.g. arsenic and

fluoride) in the drinking water sources.

The implementation of this programme will be administered in a joint collaborative

partnership by interdisciplinary research teams from the departments of Water Resources

Engineering (WRE-UDSM) and Sustainable Development, Environmental Science and

Engineering (SEED-KTH) in Sweden. Such approach is crucial to facilitate valuable scientific

research, exchange of expertise and specialised supervision to the trained PhD and Master

students and improve our understanding on the affordable techniques for arsenic and flouride

removal in the drinking water supply. The project organization also aspires to work closely

with private companies and local stakeholders such as Arusha Urban Water Supply Authority

(AUWSA) and Ngurdoto Defluoridation Research Station (NDRS) which is a joint

Defluoridation laboratory beteen UDSM and the ministry of Water. A pilot water

defluoridation plant will be constructed and tested at one of the boreholes with excess fluoride

under the Arusha Urban Water Supply and Sewerage Authority (AUWSA). This will also

involve a pilot plant for preparation (crushing, sieving and calcinations) of adsorbents from

locally available adsorbents raw materials (gypsum, bauxite and magnesite). AUWSA is


7

interested in this project as will provide possible solutions to alleviate the problem of potable

water supply to Arusha city using a range of adsorbents developed earlier at UDSM.

In Lake Victoria Basin, hand dug boreholes and water streams will be selected around the

mining areas at Geita and Mara regions to monitor arsenic mobilisation in soil sediment,

water, shallow and deep aquifers and evaluate the possible hydrogeological factors and

sorption performances of adsorbents at different redox conditions. The sorption modelling and

optimizing performance of adsorbents will be carried out to explain the behavior and

transport of the arsenic in the streams and groundwater aquifers.

The long term plan of this programme deems to establish a taught PhD programme course in

the field of hydrology and biogeochemical modelling at WRE - UDSM and develop a Water

Research Centre at College of Engineering and Technology (CoET) by 2017.

2.1.1 The problem that is to be addressed by the research training / research

strengthening program

There is a lack of capacity in Tanzanian univiersities with regards to assessment of

distribution and impactof geogenic contaminants (arsenic and fluoride) in the drinking water

sources. Likewise, there is a great need to develop local capacity which can understand and

tackle the problems of elevated concentration of arsenic and fluoride in the drinking supply

system.

Field studies carried out by UDSM staff in Arusha region observed surface water samples

which reached Fluoride concentration values as high as 1113 mg/L which exceeds the WHO

guidelines by a factor of 1000. The pH of this naturally occurring water was also high (>8.5)

and the total dissolved organic carbon (TOC) concentration in some of the waters was also

very high (> 100mg/L) and some of the surface water was brackish. The combination of the

above mentioned pollutants makes the water extremely difficult to treat with conventional

methods. The co-existence of high organic matter in high fluoride rich water significantly

compromises the sorbent capacity of typical sorbents used to remove fluoride.

Studies carried out at the Royal Institute of Technology (KTH) (Hamisi et al.2014) on

modelling the sorption performances of reactive filter materials for recovery of nutrients and

that from University of Dar es Salaam (UDSM) (Mtalo et al., 2007) have indicated promising

method for removal of fluoride from water based on the application of potentially cheap

locally available adsorbents such as, calcined bone char, bauxite, gypsum and magnesite at

laboratory scale. In terms of practical applications, however, only cow bone char is being

tried to a small extent to remove fluoride from water for local communities in the Arumeru

district Tanzania as managed by the NgurdotoDefluoridation Research Station (NDRS). On

the other hand, there has been few studies about the arsenic issues.

Randomly collected samples from drinking water sources were analysed for arsenic, among

others. Arsenic was detected in 58% of water sources surveyed and 41% of them had Arsenic

levels equal to/ or exceeding the Tanzania Drinking Water Quality Standards threshold value

of 1 ppm. A new report published by the Norwegian University of Life Sciences finds

potentially life-threatening levels of arsenic around the gold mining areas around Mara in

Tanzania. [http://www.miningwatch.ca/sites/miningwatch.ca/files/FinalTanzania.pdf.].

http://www.miningwatch.ca/sites/miningwatch.ca/files/FinalTanzania.pdf


8

The access of safe drinking water is a pre-requisite to human health and sustainable social and

economic development. In Tanzania, only 57% in the rural communities and 86% in the urban

areas have access to improved drinking water services. However, there are a number of

outstanding challenges which limit access of safe potable water, especially in the large cities,

rift valley and mining areas. These challenges include inadequate knowledge of fate and

mobility of geogenic contaminants, uncontrolled release of pollutants from the pit latrines in

periurban areas, climate change, inadequate supporting policy and lack of innovative

technologies and infrastructure to deal with water quality problems. Groundwater in the Rift

Valley, which extends from Jordan Valley down through to Sudan, Ethiopia, Uganda, Kenya

and Tanzania, is reported to have high levels of Fluoride, which often exceed the local

regulatory limits and the WHO guidelines, and therefore limit the access to safe drinking

water.

Figure 2. Map of Tanzania's geology setting

Figure 1. Health impacts of elevated fluoride concentrations in groundwater a) concentration between 4-10 mg/L cause skeletal fluorosis: bone malformation; b) concentration >10 mg/L leading to crippling fluorosis, bone junctions growing together, immobility; c) concentration between 1.5-3.0 mg/L can cause dental fluorosis: Browning and mottling of teeth; d) skin disorder and birth effect is one of the health effects caused by elevated arsenic concentration in the mining areas.

d


9

Generally, arsenic and fluorine are a naturally occurring toxic elements which impact human

and ecosystem health (Bundschuh et al., 2004; Bhattacharya et al., 2006; Aullon et al., 2012).

In Tanzania, elevated concentrations of arsenic is prominent around the Lake Victoria Basin,

especially in the mining area where several cases of skin cancer, respiratory and

gastrointestinal problems have been reported (Fig.1d). Such excessive contamination of

arsenic in the drinking water sources has also magnified occurrences of water related conflicts

between the mine investors and surrounding local communities. Fluoride is by far the most

severe and widespread water quality problem in the regions along the Great Rift Valley in the

northern and south-western Tanzania (Bardercki, 1974; Nanyaro et al., 1984). The elevated

concentrations of fluoride have caused several health effects such as dental, crippling and

skeletal fluorosis. The combination of the above mentioned pollutants makes water extremely

difficult to treat with conventional methods.

Systematic water quality data is extremely important for the assessment of risks for human

health and developing appropriate and affordable technologies for drinking water treatment.

and long-term decision making policy against water quality management and protection. This

proposal for research training partnership envisages to built research capacity to understand

the underpinning mechanisms for the water quality problems related to the contaminants from

geogenic and anthropogenic sources and to develop appropriate innovative tools for

evaluation and assessment of the risks related to the drinking water quality in the rift valley

groundwaters. The specific objectives of this project are to investigate the sorption

performances of a number of adsorbents used for removal of fluoride and arsenic in the

drinking water treatment facilities. The hydrological and geochemical factors and mechanisms

controlling fate and mobilisation of aqueous arsenic and fluoride in the drinking water sources

beyond the broad range of redox potential hypotheses will also be investigated in field. Such

investigations will be linked with the assessment of the health impact due to enrichment of

arsenic and fluoride in the groundwater. Understanding the spatial distribution of these

geogenic pollutants and the geochemical factors leading to the mobilisation of the pollutants

from the aquifer matrices in groundwater water systems are crucial for developing affordable

adsorbent systems to treat fluoride and arsenic for drinking water supplies. PhD students

involved as part of research capacity building will be actively involved .in the investigation

on developing and optimizing the adsorption processes and the transfer the results of

laboratory scale studies to the design of pilot scale defluoridation unit. A pilot plant will be

used for investigation and optimisation of the use of low-cost affordable adsorbents to remove

fluoride and arsenic from drinking waters sources in Arusha city in a collaboration between

UDSM and KTH.

Overall, the results obtained in this pilot plant study will alleviate the problem of safe

drinking water availability to communities of Arusha, as well as all other areas where

excessive fluoride is rampant and also contribute to extend the scientific knowledge on

adsorption processes for water treatment. There is a high probability of an Intellectual

Property advancement which will be handled according to the signed MoA and later

commercialization of the same by local entrepreneurs. The project organization also aspires to

work closely with private companies and local stakeholders such as Arusha Urban Water

Supply Authority (AUWSA) and Ngurdoto Defluoridation Research Station (NDRS).

2.2 The scientific issues involved, and basis for the layout of the training programme for

the problem that is to be addressed by the research training and /or research supporting

component.


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Provision of good water quality and quantity is the key indicator for human health, improving

livelihood standards, socio-economic and agricultural development. In Tanzania, just to

mention a few factors, the access to clean water supply and sanitation services are challenged

by dilapidated infrastructure in the urban areas, pollution from geochemical composition

processes, anthropogenic activities, climate change, inadequate policy and affordable

technology for water treatment and water protection. About 86% of residents in regional

towns and 57 % in the rural communities have access to clean drinking water.

The surface and groundwater pollution is primarily influenced by mineralization and

dissolution within the aquifer matrix, evaporation and anthropogenic processes (Fass et al.

2007).The investigation made by Norwegian University of Life Science in the vicinity of

North Mara Gold Mine in the Lake Victoria Basin has recently found excessive level of

arsenic concentration between 111µg/l to 1142 µg/l (Almås and Manoko, 2012) and the area

used for cattle grazing contained 40 times higher, the current WHO guideline for safe

drinking water of 10 µg/l. The anthropogenic activities like large scale mining, smelting of

arsenic bearing minerals and phosphate detergents made with arsenic bearing rock phosphate

may locally elevate the arsenic concentration in the drinking water sources. The geochemical

processes controlling groundwater mineralization need a special investigation and evaluation

in order to understand the problem of arsenic and fluoride pollution. Mapping the spatial

distribution the pollutants would help to identify the safe sources of groundwater for drinking

water supplies and help to provide guidelines for effective management to protect these

sources.

The most common sources of arsenic bearing minerals are arsenopyrite (FeAsS), cobaltite

(CoAsS), realgar (As4S4) and tennantite (Cu12As4S13). Human activities such as mining,

smelting of arsenic bearing minerals and burning of fossil fuels (coal) may locally elevate the

arsenic concentration in the drinking water sources. The toxic and mobility of arsenic in the

groundwater sources is influenced by redox potential, pH and the presence of adsorbents such

as oxides, hydroxides of clay minerals and humic substances (Robinson et al., 2012). On a

large-scale, arsenic concentration in the groundwater is mainly found in strong reducing

aquifers or in closed basins with excessive evaporation, especially in the arid and semi-arid

regions. The greenstone belt east of Lake Victoria Basin, characterized by Nyanzian volcanic

rocks, containing gold mineral holds as the major source of arsenopyrite and sulfides

(Geosurvey, 1981, Bowell et al. 1995).The mobilisation and immobilisation of arsenic and

fluoride is potentially controlled by redox processes which may occur in the groundwater

aquifers.

Various studies have assessed the availability of safe groundwater for domestic, industrial and

agricultural development (Kashaigili, 2010;Almås and Manoko, 2012). However, not much

has been done on investigating the effects of arsenic and fluoride in the soil, sediment, surface

water and groundwater aquifers with regards to the variation of hydrological conditions or

geochemical factors (e.g. evaporite dissolution, cation exchange and carbonate weathering)

and redox potential. On the other hand, there has been virtually no study on technology for

arsenic removal using local adsorbent media.

In order to respond to the UDSM concept note (2015 - 2020) and Tanzania Development

Vision 2025, Science, Technology and Innovation (STI) deemed to play a special role in

improving water quality and living standard and contribute to better water management and

water quality protection without impairing positive health effects. Characterization of the

drinking water supplies and more specifically the trace element contaminants in the rift valley

settings and mining area are typically important for national and regional poverty alleviation.

The overall research training programme encompasses five main technical research issues:


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Investigate the geochemical factors controlling the mobilisation, distribution and

mechanisms of fluoride and arsenic release in the drinking water supply sources.

Test the sorption performances of different locally available adsorbents namely

activated alumina, magnesites, bauxites and clays as well as bone char for fluoride

and arsenic removal on a laboratory scale.

Comparative evaluation of reactivation of the used adsorbent materials from

Tanzania

Scale up the laboratory based results for field application in developing technology

for effective fluoride removal from natural waters of varying quality parameters for

fluoride and arsenic removal.

Build local research capacity by training Tanzanian PhD and Master students on a

new technology and sustainable adsorbent materials with improved adsorption

capacity and stability for usage in drinking water purification.

In lake Victoria Basin, hand dug boreholes and water streams will be selected around the

mining area at Geita and Mara region to monitor arsenic mobilisation in soil sediment, water,

shallow and deep aquifers and evaluate the possible hydrogeological factors and sorption

performances of adsorbents at different redox conditions. The sorption modelling and

optimizing performance of adsorbents will be carried out to explain the behavior and

transport of the Arsenic in the streams and groundwater aquifers.

2.2.1 Removal of Fluoride and Arsenic Using the Sorption Technology

Arsenic and flouride is currently recognised as the main pollutants of surface water and

groundwater in Tanzania. In general, the removal of fluoride from water can be achieved

through chemical reaction(sorption, precipitation) or physical separation. Sorption is

comfortable with low level concentrations and at high levels physical separation is necessary.

Studies have shown that fluoride can be adsorbed by several materials such as Zeolite

(Xingbin et al., 2010), clays (Bradsen ad Bjorvatn) Kaolinite clays (Agarwal et al., 2002),

bone char (Mtalo et al., 1993, 1997, Mjengera and Mkongo 2003, Thole et al., 2010, 2012).

The potential of using natural materials by doing some modification and controlling the

parameters such as pH and temperature is a reality in Tanzania.The existence of some natural

and easily modified adsorbents such as alumina silicates and magnesites give a potential for

cheap natural adsorbents for sorption of fluoride in water.

The water in the study area has high fluoride concentration (>5mg/L) and in some cases

strong colour thus requires more advanced technologies, that can remove the high levels of

fluoride through advanced sorption materials, ultra filtration and nano filtration.

Arsenic is mobilized due to the oxidation of sulphide minreals (e.g. arsenopyrite or pyrite)

forming solutions which are acidic in nature. Some of the dissolved iron in the solution can

precipitate to form red, orange or yellow sediments in the bottom of streams containing mine

drainage. The sulfuric acid in arsenic containing ore leachates also release other a number of

other heavy metals from the waste ore, such as arsenic, cadmium, lead and mercury, which

can have disastrous health effects, and can contaminate both air and water. Gold mining has

been linked to 96 percent of the world’s arsenic emissions. Also studies have shown that

leaking of tailing dams in mines could be major sources of higher levels of Arsenic in

sediments and water around Mara, Shinyanga, Mwanza and Geita Region (East of Lake

Victoria in Northern Tanzania) i.e. areas where gold mining is the major socio- economic

activity. In Tanzania arsenic contamination is a big problem which has resulted in

environmental pollution and leading to conflicts between the mine owners and the


12

surrounding communities due to problems related to water pollution and degradation of

drinking water sources caused by mining activities.

Historically, the most common method for arsenic removal has been precipitation, for

example, coagulation with metal salts and Fe/Mn removal by aeration. However, in many

circumstances precipitative processes are reported not able to remove Arsenic to the desired

safe levels (Litter et al., 2010; Mudhoo et al., 2011). In 1993, WHO established 10 µg/L as

the new provisional guideline value for arsenic in drinking water. Many of the removal

technologies which have been developed recently have been reported capable of removing

Arsenic very effectively to trace levels in well-controlled conditions of laboratory and pilot

scale, however, there are only few technologies which have been demonstrated (implemented)

at full-scale treatment (Johnston and Heijnen, 2001; Mudhoo et al., 2011).

Most of the arsenic removal methods, either conventional or emerging, rely on a few basic

physico-chemical processes. These include oxidation/reduction, precipitation, adsorption and

ion exchange, solid/liquid separation and physical exclusion (Johnston and Heijnen, 2001;

Duarte et al., 2009). The treatment technologies can be classified accordingly as well. Almost

all of the Arsenic removal technologies possess an added benefit of removing many other

undesirable compounds from water.

Adsorption is a key process in many arsenic removal techniques and may be regarded as the

most important arsenic removal mechanism. Four principal types of adsorption have been

identified: namely, ion exchange, chemical adsorption, physical adsorption and specific

adsorption (Yang 1999; Buamah, 2008). Arsenic removal by adsorptive processes can be

accomplished in two ways, i.e., adsorptive media filtration or flow through a column of ion-

exchange resin. The effectiveness of Arsenic treatment by adsorption and ion exchange is

more likely to be affected by characterstics and contaminants other than Arsenic compared to

precipitative processes discussed in the previous section. Therefore, adsorption and ion

exchange media treatment techniques tend to be used more often when Arsenic is the only

contaminant to be treated, for relatively smaller systems, and as an auxillary process for

treating effluents from larger systems (Petrusevski et al., 2007). Different adsorptive and ion-

exchange media are discussed below.

2.2.2 Adsorptive media system

In the past, the most commonly used adsorptive media for Arsenic removal had been

Activated Alumina (AA). However, in recent years, several new granular adsorptive filter

media have been developed which have shown high effectiveness in Arsenic removal from

water (Petrusevski et al., 2007). These media can be categorized into two major groups i.e.,

metal oxide coated media and metal oxide based media. In aqueous systems the surfaces of

metal oxide adsorptive media grains get covered with hydroxyl groups. Anions such as As(V)

are then adsorbed onto metal oxide based media via a ligand exchange reaction in which

hydroxyl surface groups are replaced by the sorbing ions (Buamah et al., 2008). In the

complex adsorptive environment of media As (III), which exists as an uncharged specie in the

pH range of 6-9, may also be removed because of physical and specific adsorption

mechanisms.

Latest research regarding Arsenic removal has been more focused on the development of Fe

based/coated Arsenic adsorptive media. One such promising adsorption media is Iron Oxide

Coated Sand (IOCS) (Fig. 3-d) which has been developed by UNESCO-IHE. IOCS has

shown efficient As(III) and As(V) removal capacity during field trials in Bangladesh and at

centralized applications in Greece and Hungary (Petrusevski et al., 2007). Natural geological

materials have also demonstrated strong affinity for both As(III) and As(V) (Bundschuh et al.,

2011). Pretreatment of the zeolite with copper has shown to enhance Arsenic adsorption


13

capacity of the zeolite (Beamguard, 2006). Naturally occurring glauconitic sand after being

treated with KMnO4 (known as green sand) (Fig. 3-c) can also remove Arsenic from water.

The principle behind the Arsenic removal by green sand is multi-faceted, including oxidation,

ion exchange and adsorption (USEPA, 2000). Some other commercial adsorptive media

include Aquamandix (Figure 3-a) Aqua-Bind MP, ArsenX, Bayoxide E33 ferric oxide, GFH,

MEDIA G2 etc.

Fig.3: Different types of adsorptive media. a) Aquamandix b) IOCS c) Manganese greensand

d) A stone of iron ore which can be crushed and pulverized (Buamah, 2009).

2.2.3 Ion exchange resins

For Arsenic removal from water synthetic anion exchange resins are proven to be very

effective. According to USEPA (2000) a consistent removal to below 3 µg/L can be achieved

by anion exchange technology. Conventional sulphate and nitrate selective resins are well

suited for As(V) removal (Johnston and Heijnen, 2001). The removal through an ion-

exchange resin involves short-range forces which occur within the porous lattice of resin

grains which contain a fixed charge. The electrostatic attachment of ionic species to sites of

opposite charge at the surface of an ion exchange media grain occurs with a subsequent

displacement of these species by other ionic adsorbates of greater electrostatic affinity. The

ion exchange treatment procedure includes continuous passage of feed water through a

packed bed of ion exchange resin beads until the resin is exhausted. At that stage, the bed is

regenerated by rinsing with a regenerant. The principle challenge with ion exchange resin

treatment is the absence of removal for As(III). This is because of the uncharged nature of

As(III). Therefore, waters containing As(III) typically require a pre-oxidation step before

contact with ion exchange resin bed. Another problem in this treatment is the potential

interference from other anions. If the feed water contains sulphates, nitrates, chloride or other

anions, the As removal may be significantly reduced (Johnston and Heijnen, 2001). Some

commercially available ion exchange resins include Dowex 11, Ionac ASB-2 and Dowex

SBR-1 (USEPA, 2000).

2.3.The relevance of the research area and demand of expertise in the chosen field for

the country’s development challenges, within the public sector as well as the private and

within civil society organisations


14

The problem of fluoride removal from groundwater in Arusha is very timely. The AUWSA

has drilled several boreholes to increase the water supply in Arusha city but with limited

success, since the water was found to have excessive fluoride concentrations. The problem of

water supply to urban and rural areas in Tanzania is one of the great challenges for the

Tanzanian government. It is one of the key priorities and milestones have been set for Vision

2025, as well as the MDGs. To achieve accelerated implementation, the government has put

water supply as one of the Big Results Now (BRN) a programme which is prioritized in funds

allocation and implementation. Having clean and safe sources of drinking water supply will

enhance success in the BRN programme. Technical knowhow and knowledge is vital in

removing the excess fluoride and arsenic from drinking water and reduce the adverse health

impacts. The population has to be sensitised on the problem and mitigation measures have to

be made affordable and reachable to the water end-users. PhD and Masters students, will be

involved as part of capacity building for research and innovation for developing and

optimizing the adsorptive process from a laboratory scale and up-scaling of these results for

pilot-scale application and finally transfer the results to design full scale defluoridation units.

The project organisation will involve a close co-operation between UDSM, KTH, AUWSA

and NDRS members. The pilot study will be mainly carried out around Arusha using a range

of adsorbent materials and formulation results developed earlier at UDSM.

2.4.The approach chosen to build capacity:

The University for Dar esSalaam and KTH will register 4 PhD and 6 Masters students from

among University young staff. They will be selcted on a competitive basis. The registered

students with their supervising staff will also attend some training in Stockholm as part of a

sandwich programme. Training on Research methods and Grant writing skills will be

absorbed at KTH-Stockholm during the visits. It is also envisaged that some laboratory

technical staff will be trained (short course) in Stockholm or elsewhere on how to run,

maintain and operate some of the new analytical equipment to be acquired. To make the

programme sustainable the UDSM will also establish a taught PhD programme which will

register also students from other universities and institutions such as the ministry of Water,

NEMC and COSTECH to enhance the research capacity in the country.

The overall approach of the program is to train postgraduate students through result based

research practice. Generate skilled and experienced personnel to implement a WRE - UDSM

administered inter-department Ph.D. program following the conclusion of this 5 year

program. The aim is to work in close collaboration between different projects in the Sida

program and other counterparts to develop a multidisciplinary Ph.D. program in Hydrology

and. biogeochemical modelling. for Tanzanian academic institutions. The sum of efforts

should allow us to build a strong and sustainable research and training program to answer the

numerous environmental demands from Tanzanian society. All of this is only possible with a

multidisciplinary approach enabled by coordinated work between the WRE-UDSM, Arusha

Water and Sewerage Authority in Tanzania and the SEED-KTH, in Sweden.

Currently available information about quality of drinking water resources in Tanzania is

insufficient and not organized. A number of previous studies have identified major

contaminated areas by different pollution sources including natural, mining, industrial and

domestic contaminant sources.

This programme will therefore involve monitoring and sampling sites with elevated Fluoride

or Arsenic in drinking water. The study area will be close to Arusha city, and the Rift Valley

regions.


15

In addition the project is planning to start a short training and awareness creation about

various aspects of ingestion of the polluted water.

Research training of PhD and MSc students will be accomplished through a number of

complementing parts: taught courses and through supervision, mentorship,

1)“training by doing research”, experimental design in the lab, setting scientific hypothesis,

formulating research questions, paper writing, grant writing, presentations at conferences,

“transferable skills courses” to help students to develop and become “independent

researchers” etc;

2) capacity development of both research students and staff working with community

drinking water sources such as NGOs, local authorities…

3) Training and awareness raising amongst people in communities affected by arsenic and

fluoride on a) health risks b) possible actions they can take to treat their water

c) purification options

d) community organisations of water users

The outputs of the research will be disseminated to local authorities and decision makers

from Government through a number of publications, policy briefs, workshops and seminars.

This will facilitate the transfer of knowledge and technology as well as a more significant and

immediate impact of our findings in the local communities. The training component, where

during the project years will strengthen the ongoing Masters programs at the UDSM by

training students in Tanzania and Sweden where they will write their dissertations and attend

some courses and for the Doctoral program, it is expected to send PhD students to the

Swedish universities (KTH) on a sandwich mode. Both components of the project, training

and research on the subject and on the problem of supplying clean water resources in

Tanzania are a national priority, in the interest of the University of Dar es salaam and the

communities as a whole.

3. Benefits and added value for the partnership between the target University and

Swedish university

In the short term (5 years) a new generation of PhD and MSc. students will be trained in the

field of drinking water quality and treatment of groundwater with elevated levels of geogenic

contaminants, which would be key to the envisaged Water Research Centre at UDSM during

the subsequent years. The necessary state of the art analytical equipment to tackle the

questions in areas described will be acquired and made available to the Tanzanian researchers.

Technical training will also be provided to the people responsible for the handling and

maintenance of the acquired equipment.

Ph.D. graduate students in the Tanzanian program, which are supported by the SIDA-WRE -

UDSM cooperation or related funding, will address the questions and problems arising from

the first 5 years of research. They will also evaluate and improve the monitoring systems

implemented during the first 5 years and complete the pilot remediation alternatives to

provide the best possible alternatives for implementation. Finally, in the long term alternative

sources of funding will be secured to ensure the sustainability of the Ph.D. program as well as

the research capabilities attained. At that time the doctoral program will be self supporting

and running with students from Tanzania and the region.

The partnership between the two universities will grow since the staff will now know each

other and their areas of research. The KTH staff will also continue taking part in the


16

teaching, supervision and examining of the students in the PhD programme even when this

project has come to an end as part of the normal staff exchange.

4. Plans and expected outcome of the selected research training area of

focus/theresearch supporting component.

A timeplan for the proposed activities is evident in the logframe matrix indicating an expected

commencement and finalisation. (A full results matrix showing objectives, outcomes and

outputs are shown in Enclosure2. The total time frame for the activities to be funded under

this proposal is five years.

In order to achieve the overall goal of the program, we plan to work on the four different

objectives that complement each other with valuable information. The major task in the

program is to characterize the drinking water quality with respect to the geogenic

contaminants among which fluoride and arsenic are of paramount importance with respect to

human health outcomes. The second specific objective will be to improve our understanding

on the sorption capacities of various locally available adsorbents and the overall effects of

natural water quality to prioritize water treatment strategies. These studies will train 4 PhD

students in the field of fluoride and arsenic general occurrences and general water quality

issues. The students at Masters level (6 MSc) will be trained in the field of water quality

monitoring in relation to the drinking water quality standards. They will join the PhD students

for design of the treatment plants for optimal fluoride and arsenic removal with the aim to

expand their laboratory based knowledge to field scale applications in collaboration with the

Arusha Urban Water Supply and Sewerage Authority. All the information generated through

the research will also be disseminated to the local drinking water supply authorities.

The outcomes from this program will also enhance research capability of the students. They

will know how to assess a problem, which data to acquire, which tools to use and possible

mitigation measures. A basic scientific framework for future studies and policy changes

through interaction with local communities and authorities would also be generated. The third

specific objective will be to create and obtain the approval for a doctoral program in

hydrology and geosciences and strengthen the local master programs. The main tasks to

achieve this objective will be to improve the analytical capacities of the laboratories of

UDSM, in terms of equipment and staff.

5. Capacity Development Process: Brief outline of planned activities

The overall approach of the program is to train postgraduate students through result based

research practice. Generate skilled and experienced personal to implement a WRE - UDSM

administered intra-departmental Ph.D. program following the conclusion of this 5 year

programme. The KTH Royal Institute of Technology-Stockholm and University of Dar es

Salaam (UDSM) in Tanzania, will work in the project to accomplish the following five

milestones designed to address the fluoride and arsenic problem effectively.

5.1. Training

Through this program, we envisage to impart training to develop research capacity at the

Department of Water Resources Engineering at CoET, UDSM. Four PhD doctoral students,

will be registered at the Department of Sustainable Development, Environmental Science and

Engineering, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, from UDSM in “sandwich” mode. The

overarching intended learning outcomes after the conclusion of PhD studies the PhD students

will be able to identify a environmental problem, carry out literature survey to formulate the


17

key research questions, develop and test different hypotheses for solving the problem issues,

carry out field and laboratory based studies required for water quality evaluation and

experiments for water treatment, analytical skills in the laboratory and interpretation of results

and presentation in scientific articles, including production of independent original texts

(special focus on training to avoid text similarities, so called plagiarism), referencing,

communicating scientific results in scientific confereces and various stakeholders including

end-users. Anotehr important spin off of the research training outcome would be developed

skills for assessment of technology robustness and development of patents and

commercialisation for the innovations by entrepreneurs.

5.1.1 .Admissions to postgraduate studies

The recruitment of the PHD candidates will be made through public announcements in print

media and selected strictly on the basis of merits followed by the process of interview. The

selected candidates will be interviewed at the UDSM by a selection committee involving

UDSM Admissions office, the principal investigator and the Swedish counterparts. KTH

Royal Institute of Technology adopts a process of postgraduate admissions based on the

stringent requirements based on the basic qualifications required for admissions to post

graduate programs. The recommendation of the selection committee at UDSM will be further

scrutinized by the Board of Research Studies at the School of Architecture and Built

Environment, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden. As a requirement,

each PhD candidate need to establish an Individual Study Plan which has to be designed in

consultation with the PhD advisers and approved by the Director of Research Studies at the

SEED-KTH and the School of Architecture and Built Environmnent.

51.2 .PhD Degree Requirements

Postgraduate studies leading to the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at the Division of Land

and Water Resources Engineering, School of Architecture and Built Environment, KTH

Royal Institute of Technology, comprises 240 ECTS (European Credit Transfer System), out

of which 60 ECTS is assigned to course work including mandatory course on Theory of

Science and Research Methods. The remaining 180 ECTS for the dissertation work includes

writing a minimum of four manuscripts for publication in peer-reviewed journals and thesis.

5.1.3 Evaluation and Assessment

As a part of the research progress, the students are required to appear for three mandatory

seminars. The First PhD Seminar where the student presents the research topic and the

background of research and the state of the art, the research questions and the preliminary

progress. The Mid-term Seminar which is mainly intended to assess the progress of research

and future work, and Final PhD Seminar prior to the Public Defense. The PhD thesis defenses

are announced on the official KTH Calendar on the web, a minimum of 6 weeks ahead of the

actual date of the Pubic Defense.

The PhD dissertation is critically evaluated by the Faculty at the School of Architecture and

Built Environment for Quality Assurance. Upon the approval of the quality assurance, a panel

is constituted by the School of Architecture and Built Environment, which comprises a

Faculty Opponent (external professor and a renowned scientist in the subject area), a board of

three external examiners comprising of professors and/or Associate Professors in the relevant

study area for the public defense of the doctoral dissertation.


18

The Public defense includes a short presentation, where the scholar presents the summary of

the research. This is followed by a detailed discussion on the various aspects of the study by

the Faculty Opponent and examination of the candidate by the three examiners and later by

the public. Upon conclusion of the formal public part of the defense, meeting of the

examination board is held close-door to take a decision on the award of the PhD degree.

5.1.4 Depository of PhD Thesis

As a part of the dissemination, the thesis is distributed to all the universities and institutions

within Sweden and among the experts in the relevant study area throughout the world at least

3 weeks prior to the announced public defense.

The digital copy of doctoral dissertation is also sent to the KTH publication database, which is

a part of the national portal Academic Archive Online (DiVA), where the PhD dissertation

and the published articles at KTH are available online. Apart from the thesis being available

in DiVA, they are also accessible using other online search tools, such as Scirus, Google and

SwePub.

5.1.5 PhD Degree Certificate

Following the successful completion of the evaluation process and announcements of the

award of PhD, the academic department at KTH issues a PhD Degree Certificate certifying to

the effect that the Degree been awarded in accordance with the regulations.

5.2. PhD Study Topics aligned with specific objectives of the program

The PhD Study Topics of the four PhD students under this program will focus on four

research areas aligned with specific objectives (1-4) of the program as follows:.

5.2.1 Specifific objective 1: The drinking water quality and occurrence of fluoride and

arsenic in the Rift Valley drinking water wells and associated health effects analysed

1 PhD and 2 MSc. Training)

Critical review of data currently available on fluoride and arsenic in Tanzania

with a focus on water matrix compounds such as total dissolved solids, pH and

natural organic matter

Hydrogeological investigation, groundwater sampling and analyses for

establishing hydrogeochemical processes controlling the water quality,

mineralisation- dissolution and seasonal variations of concentration of the

major and trace elements

Evaluation of current treatment technologies suitable for Tanzania

Appropriateness of the available technologies for the rural population (costs,

maintenance, robustness etc)

5.2.2 Specific objective 2: Fluoride sorption performances of different locally available

adsorbents namely activated alumina, Fe-oxides, magnesite, bauxite and clays as

well as bone char for fluoride removal on a laboratory scale tested (1 PhD and 1

MSc Training)

Sorption of fluoride (at concentration levels up to 1 g/L) using a number of

adsorbents as a baseline of technical feasibility.


19

Investigate the impact of water quality parameters including salinity, pH,

dissolved organic matter (DOM) and competing ions on fluoride removal by

the above processes.

Determine fluoride sorption kinetics with local sorbents such as activated

alumina, magnesites, bauxites and clays as well as bone char for removal of

fluoride

Develop of an appropriate technique for regeneration of the adsorptive media

and/or system for disposal of arsenic enriched hazardous wastes

5.2.3Specific Objective 3: Arsenic sorption performances of different locally available

adsorbents namely activated alumina, Fe-oxides, magnesite, bauxite and clays as

well as bone char for arsenic removal on a laboratory scale evaluated (1 PhD and 1

MSc Training)

Sorption of arsenic (at concentration levels up to 100 µg/L) using a number of

adsorbents as a baseline of technical feasibility.

Investigate the impact of water quality parameters including salinity, pH,

dissolved organic matter (DOM) and competing ions on arsenic removal by the

above processes.

Determine fluoride sorption kinetics with local sorbents such as activated

alumina, magnesites, bauxites and clays as well as bone char for removal of

fluoride

Development of an appropriate technique for regeneration of the adsorptive

media and/or system for disposal of arsenic enriched hazardous wastes

5.2.4Specific Objective 4: Field application for developed technology for effective removal

of fluoride and arsenic from natural waters of varying quality parameters for

fluoride and arsenic removal (1 PhD and 2 MSc Training)

The specific training to fulfil the intended outcomes of this objective integrates the overall

outcomes of the three objectives and the research would focus on applications to target

the objectives as listed below:

Selection and characterisation of local materials that can act as adsobents at

field scale identified and applied for removal

Develop pilot scale application of systems for removal of Fluoride and arsenic

in real time settings

Monitor the hydrogeochemical changes of NOM, pH, and TDS on the

boreholes and streams and optimize the removal technology

Develop a numerical model to describe the sorption mechanisms and predict

the sorption efficacy of the adsorbent media considering the influence of

hydraulic change, hydrology and geochemical compositions of the adsorbent

media and water quality parameters (pH, dissolved organic matter and

competing ions) for fluoride and arsenic removal


20

Senstivity analysis of effect of pH, and other anions (nitrate, sulphate,

bicarbonate) and residence time on removal of fluoride and arsenic in pilot

plant applications

Develop decision support system for selecting and design an effective

performing sorbent media for fluoride and arsenic removal in the treatment

processes.

5.2.5 Specific Objective 5: Establishment of the PhD Program in Hydrology and

Biogeochemical modelling

The process for developing a PhD program on Hydrology and Biogeochemical Modelling at

WRE-CoET, UDSM is an independent objective contributing to the development of future

research capacity and PhD curriculum localy at the WRE-UDSM and would include the

following steps:

Development of a baseline review document based on the review of the

existing Programs in other disciplines at UDSM, Universities in Sweden (KTH

and others) and globally available through web sources and their learning

outcomes and meeting with the Swedish collaborators with this program

Discussion forum for personal communications though academic networks,

questionnaire to stakeholders and future employers of the postgraduates

Preparation of a draft program identifying the various specialisations in the

field of Hydrology, Biogeochemistry and modelling applications and establish

learning outcomes

Submission of the final curriculum to UDSM Senate and the Tanzanian

Commission of Universities (TCU) for final approval following UDSM and

TCU regulations. Available guidelines for the course contents through lessons

learnt from the Swedish Cooperation will be a guideline.

Launch of the new PhD Program and advertisement through UDSM Website,

and local media for student recruitments

Admissions in the new program for the academic session 2016-17.

5.2.The research environment

The envisaged research study area will be the northern Tanzania and around the gold mining

areas of lake Victoria. Some analysis will be carried out in situ and samples will be analysed

in the laboratories at UDSM and NDRS where the new equipment will be installed. Since the

PhD students will be full time research students, they will have enough time to travel for

sampling and administer questionnaires where necessary. Some analysis may be carried out in

Sweden where necessary. The supervising staff members have enough experience in the areas

of study for the students to carry out the targeted research where Intellectual property may be

registered.

5.3.The available and required infrastructure

The UDSM laboratories have staff and space to facilitate physical-chemical analysis of waer

samples. study. Some new equipment is expected to be procured under this programme.(see

the budget justificaion). However, interdepartmental laboratory facility availability is also


21

possible and the university encourages staff and students to use any equipment available in

the university irrespective of the hosting department. For minimizing the travel costs we have

proposed purchase of a vehicle for travel for the field work which will be added on to the pool

of research vehicles at UDSM after the end of the program. This will also render smooth field

operations for sampling in remote and out of reach areas. NDRS laboratory in Arusha has

some basic facility for preparing the adsorbents albeit at a small scale. It is expected that the

large scale calcination and grinding equipment will be installed there. The technicians at

NDRS and the UDSM laboratories will form a good team of supporting staff for both the

researchers and the students. However some outsourcing of labour may be necessary during

the field studies and this has been budgeted for.

5.3.1.Explain how expensive equipment1is handled and outline maintenance and

insurance policies available. Explain how such resources are planned to be sustainable,

adequately and efficiently used (i.e. shared with other researchers or provision as

external service etc.)

This study is not expecting to procure expensive sensitive equipment. However, equipment

such as ICP-OES and TOC analyser will be maintained by the regional supplier agents in

Dar es Salaam or from the region. Small routine maintenance activities will be carried out by

the UDSM operators who will be trained locally or abroad by the suppliers.

To ensure sustainability, we have requested the UDSM Director of Research to create a data

base for all available research equipment and their location as well as rates for use so that any

researcher can use and pay for the service. This may also attract users from other universities

in teh country and the region. Funds so accrued will be used for maintenance and purchase of

consumables.

5.3.2.Indicate how the handling of equipment falls in line with the university regulations

The university encourages inter departmental use of equipment and facilities. The concept has

also been applied for example in the transport policy where all research vehicles are pooled

for any university staff and students researchers to hire. The funds so obtained have been

used to maintain and purchase new vehicles and the system seems to function well.

5.4.Academic networks available

The Department of Water Resources Engineering at UDSM is an active member of several

regional academic networks. For example we subscribe to the WATERNET, a network of

East and Southern Africa research and training institutions dealing with water resources

management. The network deals with training and research at postgraduate level. (Masters

and recently PhD level). The department is a member of the Nile river Basin Capacity

Building network, (NBCBN ) whose main preoccupation is collaborative research within the

countries of the Nile river basin. Staff members in the department are susbscribed in different

Institutes and Associations such as IWA, IAHR etc.

5.5.Staff mobility issues and university retention policy (if any)

The university encourages staff mobility between institutions where we have signed staff

exchange protocols. The staff from collaborating institutions can visit UDSM to lecture or

undertake a collaborative research. We therefore expect some staff members from Stockholm

to come to UDSM and vice versa for the research undertaking as well as lecturing. To ensure

that trained staff remain on post for a long time, it is a national policy to undertake a MoA to

serve your employer for a minimum number of years in this case five. Staff incentives

include promotions, housing and other msocial amenities such as health facilities etc.


22

6. The planned contribution and responsibility of each of the

partners/participants/positions in the proposed research training programme.

The activities to be undertaken by each partner in this research programme are indicated in

Enclosure 3. The staff from KTH (PB) will be involved primarily in postgraduate training

supervison as principal adviser of the four PhD doctoral students, and will be supported by

RT and BB in different parts of the research outputs. The technical support and assistance will

be provided by HSH and MA will assist the doctoral students in the laboratoty. They will also

handle the visiting UDSM students when they are in KTH for the short training courses and

may be for lab analysis. The local UDSM staff (FM) will coordinate the proposed program at

the WRE, provide supervision to the doctoral and Masters students students for field research

and data collection.

7. Management

For this programme, in particular, the Office of the Deputy Vice Chancellor (Research )

(DVC-R) shall be the main implementing agency in Tanzania. The DVC(R) will be the

overseer of the programme. Administrative tasks of this project will be the responsibility

primarily of the project coordinators. UDSM shall appoint the Institutional Coordinator who

shall be responsible for the day to day execution of the programme activities. The institutional

Coordinator shall prepare institutional reports and synthesizing reports from each project

coordinator as well as financial reports to be presented at semi-annual meetings which bring

together the coordinators of the individual projects and the Director of Research and

Education attaché at the Swedish Embassy in Dar esSalaam. The semi-annual meetings shall

review the progress reports and project plans. This will increase synergy, improve oversight

as well as minimize conflict of interest and duplicity. The administration of funds to be

expended in Sweden will be handled directly by the counterparts in Sweden.

7.1.Administrative resources available

Currently, UDSM has two main offices responsible for monitoring, evaluation and

coordination of all UDSM projects and funds. The government funds and all donor funded

projects are monitored and coordinated by the office of the Director of Planning and

Finance(DPF) through project steering committees and higher level University committees,

which oversee the implementation plus consultative workshops with the respective DPs. The

progress reports of all UDSM projects are submitted to the University Council through the

Planning and Finance Committee (PFC). All research funds and research activities at UDSM

are coordinated by the Directorate of Research. The progress reports of all UDSM research

programmes/projects are submitted to the University Senate through the Senate Research

Committee. The research progresses are reported semi-annually and annually to Consultative

Workshops with the respective DPs.

Financail management is achieved by allocating an Accountant to every project. In this case

an an Accountant will be allocated to oversee and handle the finances of the Sida capacity

building and research programme.

7.2.Managementof career opportunities for participating researchers and research

students

Researchers can participate in courses and national and international conferences, the

Master and the doctoral students will have the opportunity to have a scholarship for their

studies components as well as fully covered participation in international conferences.

Successful Ph.D. candidates will be invited to participate in open competitions for available

positions at UDSM and other young universities in the country. They will also be invited to


23

compete for new positions created with the proposed Ph.D. program.

7.3 Potential internal and external risks and actions for mitigation of the risks. Specific

attention should be placed on outlining the risks as regards recruitment and retention of

researchers.

Internal risks:

One of the main risks for the project is the excessive bureaucratic procedures and

coordination problems that may arise. To mitigate this problem we are proposing to

administer the funds to be spent in Sweden directly at KTH. The funds to be expended in

Tanzania will be administered by Research directorate which has been making progress in

reducing bureaucracy. Nevertheless, to avoid delays the researchers will conduct frequent

follow ups to any administrative process. Another important risk will be that current

participants will for any reason stop working in the project. To mitigate such a problem a

network of external collaborators will be created to rapidly find the expertise lost if any of the

researchers is not able or willing to continue with project until its conclusion.

During the training a whole group of students, other members of staff will also learn by

participating in the wider project, common seminars, and get trained on instruments etc in

order to sustain in-house capacity, while investing in the people that work there.

Other likely risks are that of notreceiving enough interested and qualified female applicants

to meet the 50-50 envisaged offer on gender considerations and

Admitted students not finishing on time thus requiring extension of time outside the project

duration.

External risks:

Some of the main external risks include international monetary system instability that may

influence negatively the project ability to acquire the materials budgeted. This may include

for some reasons, non release of funds on time by the donor. Other relevant risks are social

conflicts, which may prevent the normal development of the project, by preventing the

fieldwork and often work within the University. There is little we can do to mitigate such

problems other than making our planning flexible enough to adapt to changing conditions.

Another risk is that the graduating candidates not returning to their employers. This risk can

be minimised by working closely with the students wehn hthey are in sweden by informing

them what is happening at home and asking them to take interest ad participate. Sometimes if

hte families remain behind, it is a good push for the candiates to return to their home

countries.

Some effort will be allocated to integrate themes of different candidates to make all

candidates also interested in filling some blanks in each other work. Finally, reports and

publications will be requested on regular basis to minimize the effect of a drop out in the

overall project.

Unexpected initial findings and extraordinary environmental conditions pose a danger to the

normal execution of the project. To mitigate this risk two strategies will be used. The first will

be to make the research planning as flexible as possible. The second will be to search for

additional sources of funding to solve these problems if they arise.


24

8. The operational issues of the research training proramme/ research

supporting component

The admitted students will register for a sandwich PhD degree mode which will be run by

both KTH and UDSM. The registration will be done at KTH. When the new PhD programme

is in place at UDSM, new students will register at UDSM and the KTH can participate by

seconding teaching and supervision staff to the courses.

8.1.Which university gives the degree?Are joint or double degrees planned?

Currently the concept of double degree is not yet practiced at UDSM. However, it is a

discussable idea which has to be endorsed by UDSM Senate when the principles of operation

are in place. This will include the minimum number of units to be offered by each university

as well and the quality assurance issues which may call for accreditation of the programme

by a renowned institution. For the time been the PhD degrees will be offered by KTH which

will be the registration institution. By the time of writing a team is working on this concept

and will advise UDSM management.

8.2.Governance

8.2.1.Admission of PGS students:

The research programme will have to identify a requirednumber of postgraduate students

required for scholarship. Admission process will follow the UDSM admission procedure.

The office of DVC-R will coordinate the information in liason with the Directorate of

Postgraduate Studies (DPGS) which will centrally advertise the scholarship positions inthe

newspapers, University Website and TV for competitive application. In order to

accommodate applicants from other universities, scholarship information will also be sent to

other universities, with indication of the number of scholarships allocated to them. The

applications will be received and processed by DPGS through Senate Postgraduate Studies

Committee in collaboration with college/school/institute/centre postgraduate studies

committee. Criteria for scholarship award will be based on academic merit; gender will be

considered. Academic progress of admitted students will be closely monitored through

regular (biannually) progress reports by DPGS in collaboration with the Quality Assurance

Bureau and reported to Programme Steering Committee’s regular meetings for further

evaluation to improve quality and speed up graduation rate.

8.3.Available procedures for quality assurance of the research training programme

The UDSM runs QAB. Its main task is therefore to constantly monitor and evaluate Quality

Assurance processes at UDSM. It is directly accountable to the university’s chief executive,

the VC, and serves as the latter Officer’s secretariat onQA matters. The pivotal role of this

organ is to determine whether or not quality standards set internally for measuring

performance in all core operational areas of the University are constantly met and updated.

The project coordinator at UDSM and the counterparts of Swedish university will be

responsible for the quality assurance of the research undertaking, thesis, publications and all

outcomes of the project. All publications will be subjected to the standard peer-review process

after being submitted to the peer-reviewed journals. The scientific quality of the information

generated will be reflected in the quality of the journal where it is published and its individual

impact in the scientific community based on the citation index in due course of time. The


25

relevance and impact on the local communities will be evaluated through interviews with the

local stakeholders, public awareness campaign workshops and interviews with the relevant

stakeholders. During their stay in at KTH, the PhD students will attend some compulsory

courses such as research methods, Communication skills etc. The quality assurance will be

according to the existing KTH regulations.

8.4.Time perspective of the partnership and sustainability plans for the programme

The tenure of this program is five years planning with a possibility for the extension to ten

years, depending on funding. Alternative sources of funding will be sourced to complete and

complement the project. Research networks working on the topic will be created in Tanzanian

institutions, and in conjunction with Swedish Universities, search for alternative local and

international funding opportunities. This includes local state research funds and other

international cooperation. Further coopeation is foreseen where swedish students may

continue viisiting tanznaia for their KTH-Minor studies for their Masters studies.

8.5.Short and long term financial strategy–resources from the target university

and other funders

During the project execution, we will also apply for other funds such as research funds from

the COSTECH coming from the government. We will continue to submit proposals to other

funders who have already worked on the theme such as the IRD and the European Union. In

the long run there will be three strategies. The first is to generate cooperation agreements

with local authorities (eg. AUWSA) and interest from communities to increase the access to

government funds and government administered funds. The second will be to generate

services for the society to generate our own resources to fund research, The last is to generate

interest in the private sector to contribute with research that may help them to reduce the

impact on the society and environment.

8.6.Monitoring and evaluation.

8.6.1.The over all university coordination office is responsible for the overall monitoring

and evaluation and subsequent reporting to Sida

Currently, UDSM has two main offices responsible for monitoring, evaluation and

coordination of all UDSM projects and funds. The government funds and all donor funded

projects are monitored and coordinated by the office of the Director of Planning and Finance

(DPF) through project steering committees and higher level University committees, which

oversee the implementation plus consultative workshops with the respective DPs. The

progress reports of all UDSM projects are submitted to the University Council through the

Planning and Finance Committee (PFC). All research funds and research activities at UDSM

are coordinated by the Directorate of Research. The progress reports of all UDSM research

programmes/projects are submitted to the University Senate through the Senate Research and

Knowledge Exchange Committee. The research progresses are reported semi-annually and

annually to Consultative Workshops with the respective DPs. The fundidng agensices ae

normally called to these meetings. The project overall coordinator at UDSM level will be

responsible for compilation of the timely narrative reports for SIDA, while the project

accountant will be responsible for the audit reports.


26

8.6.2. The individual programmes should briefly outlined

The local coordinators [ PIs ] at UDSM and KTH will be responsible for the planning and

execution of data collection and analysis, as well as training where necessary. The activities

and time schedule are summarised on the workplan and may be further elaborated depending

on the situation during implementation. The finances at UDSM will be handled through the

office of the DVC-R and the project accountant will be responsible for payments to the

students and procurements as per UDSM regulations and policies.Communication between

the researchers and their Swedish counterparts is expected to be through skype and internet

either from the LAN or modem. Both sides have installed skype. Telephone may be used

when necessary.

9. Organisation of the Personnel Welfare

The UDSM operates research flats which can be used by the visiting Swedish partners.

Medium standard hotels are also available near the UDSM. We have therefore budgeted

for this cost. Similarly, visiting UDSM staff and students can be hosted in Sweden by the

coordinator and budgets have been set aside.The coordinators will liase with the respective

offices on visa application for Swedish and Tanzanian staff when they have to travel to

either side. Health Insurance is also budget for visitors in noth countries.

10.Ethical consideration

The UDSM Ethics policy will apply. Research and Ethical clearance will be applied for where

necessary, according to the UDSM regulations.

11. References

African Journal of Pure and Applied Chemistry Vol 6 (2) pp26-34 January 2012, 201DOI

10.5897/AJPAC 11.03,

Agrawal M., Raj K.,Shrivastava R. and Dass S. 2002. A study on fluoride

sorptionbymontmorillonite and kaolinite. Water, Air &Soil Pollution., 141(1-4): 247-261.

Åsgeir R. Almås&Mkabwa L. K. Manoko (2012) Trace Element Concentrations in Soil,

Sediments, and Waters in the Vicinity of Geita Gold Mines and North Mara Gold Mines in

Northwest Tanzania, Soil and Sediment Contamination: An International Journal, 21:2,

135-159.

AullónAlcaine, A., Sandhi, A., Bhattacharya, P., Jacks, G., Bundschuh, J., Thunvik, R.,

Schulz, C. &Mörth, C.M. 2012. Distribution and mobility of geogenic arsenic in the

shallowaquifers of the northeast of La Pampa, Argentina. In: J.C. Ng, B.N. Noller, R.

Naidu, J. Bundschuh & P. Bhattacharya (eds.) “Understanding the Geological and Medical

Interface of Arsenic, As 2012”. CRC Press/Taylor and Francis (ISBN-13: 978-0-415-

63763-3), pp. 132-134.

Bardercki, C.J. 1974. Fluoride Probability in Tanzania waters.Maji Review 1, 55-61

Bhattacharya, P., Claesson, M., Bundschuh, J., Sracek, O., Fagerberg, J., Jacks, G., Martin,

R.A., Storniolo, A.R. &Thir, J.M. 2006.Distribution and mobility of arsenic in the Río

Dulce Alluvial aquifers in Santiago del Estero Province, Argentina. Science of the Total

Environment 358(1-3): 97-120.

Bhattacharya, P., Frisbie, S.H., Smith, E., Naidu, R., Jacks, G. & Sarkar B. 2002. Arsenic in

the Environment: A Global Perspective. In: B.Sarkar (Ed.) Handbook of Heavy Metals in

the Environment,.Marcell Dekker Inc., New York, pp. 147-215.


27

Bhattacharya, P., Hasan, M.A., Sracek, O., Smith, E., Ahmed, K.M., von Brömssen, M., Huq

S.M.I, Naidu, R. 2009. Groundwater chemistry and arsenic mobilizationin the Holocene

flood plains in south-central Bangladesh. Environ. Geochem.& Health 31: 23-44.

Bhattacharyaa, P., Sracek, O., Eldvall, B., Asklund, R., Barmen, G., Jacks, G., Koku, J.,

Gustafsson, J.-E., Singh, N., Brokking Balfors, B. 2012. Hydrogeochemical study on the

contamination of water resources in a part of Tarkwa mining area, Western Ghana. J.

African Earth Sciences, 66–67: 72–84.

Bowell, R. J., Warren, A., Minjera, H. A., and Kimaro, N. 1995.Environmental-impact of

former gold mining on the Orangi River, Serengeti Np, Tanzania. Biogeochemistry 28,

131–160.

Buamah, R., Petrusevski, B. and Schippers, J.C. 2008. Adsorptive removal of manganese (II)

from the aqueous phase using iron oxide coated sand. Journal of WaterSupply: Research

and Technology – AQUA. 57:1-12

Bundschuh, J., Farias, B., Martin, R., Storniolo, A., Bhattacharya, P., Cortes, J., Bonorino, G.

&Alboury, R. 2004.Grounwater arsenic in the Chaco-Pampean Plain, Argentina: Case

study from Robles County, Santiago del Estero Province. Appl. Geochem. 19(2): 231-243.

Duarte, A.L.S., Cardoso, S.J.A. and Alçada, A.J. 2009. Emerging and innovative techniques

for arsenic removal applied to a small water supply system. Sustainability 1: 1288-1304.

Fass, T., Cook, P.G., Stieglitz, T., Herczeg, A.L. 2007.Development of salineground water

through transpiration of sea water. Ground Water 45,703–710.

Geosurvey. 1981. Geology and Mineralization of Archaean Greenstone Belt South of Lake

Victoria. Geosurvey, London.

Hamisi et al.,2014. Effectiveness of the reactive filter materials for nutrient recovery.Sweco

Report 2014. Stockholm. Sweden.

Jacks, G., Slejkovec, Z., Mörth, M. & Bhattacharya, P. (2013) Redox-cycling of arsenic along

the water pathways in sulfidicmetasediment areas in northern Sweden.Applied

Geochemistry 35: 35-43.

Johnston, R.B. and Heijnen, H. 2001. Safe water technology for arsenic removal.Technologies

for Arsenic Removal from Drinking Water. 22p.

Kashaigili, J.J. 2010.Assessment of groundwater availability and its current and potential use

and impacts in Tanzania. International Water Management Institute. Final Report.

Mjengera H, Mkongo G. 2003. Appropriate Defluorifation Technology for use in fluoritic

areas in Tanzania Physics and Chemistry of Earth 28, 1097-1104

Mtalo F. 1997. Effects of Mineralogical composition of clay as a Defluoridating media for

drinking water.UHANDISI Journal Vol. 20 Nr. 3.

Mtalo F., Abdi K.C. 1993. Media regeneration for excess Fluoride Removal East African

Journal of Engineering Vol.1 Nr.1, January 1993.

Mudhoo, A., Sharma, S. K., Garg, V. K., Tseng, C. H. 2011. Arsenic: An overview of

applications, health and environmental concerns and removal processes. Critical Reviews

in Environmental Science and Technology. 41: 435-519.

Nanyaro, J. T., Aswathanarayana, U., Mungure, J. S. and Lahermo, P. W. 1984.A

geochemical model for the abnormal fluoride concentrations in waters in parts of northern

Tanzania.J. African Earth Sci., 2, 129-140.

Ormachea Muñoz, M., Wern, H., Johnsson, F., Bhattacharya, P., Sracek, O. Thunvik, R.

Quintanilla, J. & Bundschuh, J. (2013) Geogenic arsenic and other trace elements in the

shallow hydrogeologic system of Southern Poopó Basin, Bolivian Altiplano. Journal of

Hazardous Materials 262: 924-940

Petrusivski, B., Sharma, S., Schippers, J.C. and Shordt, K. 2007.Arsenic in drinking

water.Thematic Overview Paper 17.IRC International Water and Sanitation Centre. 57p


28

Ramos Ramos, O.E., Cáceres, L.F., Ormachea Muñoz, M.R., Bhattacharya, P., Quino, I.,

Quintanilla, J., Sracek, O., Thunvik, R., Bundschuh, J. & García, M.E. (2012) Sources and

behavior of arsenic and trace elements in groundwater and surfacewater in the Poopó Lake

Basin, Bolivian Altiplano. Environ. Earth Sciences 66: 793–807.

Robinson, C., von Brömssen, M., Bhattacharya, P., Häller, S., Bivén, A., Hossain, M., Jacks,

G., Ahmed, K.M., Hasan, M.A., Thunvik, R. 2011. Dynamics of arsenic adsorption in the

targeted arsenic-safe aquifers in Matlab, South-eastern Bangladesh: insight from

experimental studies. Applied Geochemistry 26(4):624-635.

Thole B, Mtalo F. and Masamba W.R.L .2010. Water Defluoridation with 350-500oC

Calcined Bauxite-Gypsum-Magnesite Composite (B-G-Mc) filters International Journal

of the Physical Sciences-10-668

Thole, B., Mtalo, F.W., Masamba, W.R.L. 2012.Effect of particle size on loading capacity

andwater quality in water defluoridation with 200°C calcined bauxite, gypsum, magnesite

and their composite filter. African Journal of Pure and Applied Chemistry; 6(2): 26-34.

Xingbin S, Chengju Xi, Zhaochao H. 2010. The Fluoride adsrption capacity and influnencing

factors Study of Zeolite. Challenges in Environmental Science and Computer Engineering

1: 358-361.

Yang, R.T. 1999.Gas Separation by Adsorption Processes.Series on Chemical

Engineering.Vol.1. Imperial College Press, London, UK.


29

12. Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) and patent issues

Issues to be addressed and agreed upon yes no Common status and follow up

plans (deadline dates for when

the issues agreed upon)

Are all key members of the partnership aware

of/conversant with the IPR regulations of target

country?

Yes IPR policy at UDSM


of/conversant with IPR related policies of the

target university/institution?

Yes

Are all key members of the partnership

awareof/conversant with IPR regulations of

Sweden?

Yes


of/conversant with IPR related policies of the

Swedish partner university?

Yes

Has the question of ensuring the protection of

research findings and results obtained as part

of the partnership been discussed by the

partnership?

Yes Shared partnership

Has the question of coverage of costs related

to IPR activities during the lifetime of the

programme and after the end of the

programme been discussed by the partnership?

Yes Cost related issues are not included

in the application

Have the questions of background ownership

(IPR ownership prior to the current partnership)

been discussed by the partnership

Yes This issue will be discussed when

details of the program are available

Have the questions of Foreground ownership

(ie., IPR ownership as a direct consequence of the

current partnership) been discussed by the

partnership?

Yes It has been agreed that this will not

be applicable.

Has a decision been made on the policy of

dissemination of research findings and the results

that come out of the partnership?

Yes Based opn the research outcomes,

joint research publications have

been agreed upon.

Has a decision been made by the partnership on

the exploitation of results (products or services)

Yes The results will be exploited by the

other partners, in case the research

results are relevant for public health

the results will be disseminated as

soon as possible.

Is there legal assistance in the target country to

assist the partnership in IPR issues (including

potential patents)

Yes UDSM has legal cell for support for

patent applications

Is there legal assistance available at the Swedish

partner university/institution to assist the

partnership in IPR issues (including patents)

Yes Swedish partner has legal advisors

Is there a plan to develop capacity for IPR issues

within the partnership

No Continuously look for possibilities

from patent

Other IPR and patent issues not addressed above none


30

ENCLOSURE 2


31

Project number 2235

Program title: Development of affordable adsorbent systems for fluoride and arsenic removal in the drinking water sources in Tanzania (DAFWAT)

Collaborators: WRE-CoET, University of Dar es Salaam and SEED - KTH Royal Institute of Technology

Problem Statement: Access to safe drinking water is a priority goal for sustainable development. Occurrence of elevated concentration of fluoride and arsenic in the drinking water supply urces in Tanzania has caused a serious

medical problem with widespread prevalence of dental and skeletal fluorosis. Fluorosis caused by intake of drinking water with elevated fluoride and arsenic concentration has been reported from several parts of the Tanzania, especially

in the Great Rift Valley. The region around Lake Victoria is characterized by elevated arsenic concentrations and long term exposure from drinking water sources are manifested as skin cancers among the population. Studies related to

drinking water quality is extremely important for developing appropriate low cost technologies for drinking water treatment. This proposal for research training partnership envisages to built research capacity to understand the

underpinning mechanisms for the water quality problems related to the contaminants from geogenic and anthropogenic sources and to develop appropriate innovative toools for evaluation and assessment of the risks related to the

drinking water quality in the rift valley groundwaters, as well s top build capacity to design and develop water treatment technologies for pilot and full scale applications for safe drinking water suply to the affected population. Another

important spin off this research training partnership is to develop a high quality laboratory infrastructure for long term drinking water quality monitoring in Tanzania.

Specific Objective # 1: The drinking water quality and occurrence of fluoride and arsenic in the Rift Valley drinking water wells and associated health effects analysed (1 PhD and 2 MSc Training)

Outputs Outcomes Performance indicator Baseline Data source Method of collecting data

Establish network for water quality

sampling and monitoring in the

northen part of the Rift Valley

Established stations for regular

sampling and monitoring of

water samples

Piezometers and wells installed

for water quality monitoring.

Previous available data on water

quality reports etc..

Maps and Previous baseline study and

research publication

Field work and sampling campaigns over the

project period

Understanding on the spatial

variation of Flouride and Arsenic

concentrations in drinking water

from surface and groundwater

sources around the volcanic areas of

the Rift Valley.

Flouride and Arsenic distribution

are established in drinking water

sources in the selected study areas

Maps showing the geospatial

distribution of Flouride and

Arsenic concentration levels

along the streams and bore

holes



Experimental analysis of the water

quality parameters

Sampling and experimental analysis of Fluoride

and arsenic on selected streams and boreholes

Generate a database of Flouride

and Arsenic occurence in the study

area

Database of Flouride and

Arsenic concentration

Copies of database produced

in cd in a format that can be

shared by stakeholders



Maps and Previous baseline study and

corrected experimental data

Coding hydrogeochemical characteristics of the

selected streams and bore holes using

Geographical information systems

Fate and severity of Flouride and

Arsenic concentration on the selected

streams and boreh oles and mineral

balance in the drinking water sources

established

Understanding of the extent and

severity of the Fluoride and arsenic

contaminants in

the drinking boreholes acheived

Major and trace elements and

the potential water quality

parameters

Baseline reports and publication

on the groundwater and surface

water quality parameters

Previous baseline study reports and

publications

Field works and immediate insitu water and

sediments sampling campaigns for pH,

electrical conductivity temperature and Total

suspended solids (TSS)

Processes controlling factors for

groundwater mineralisation-

dissolution and seasonal variations

of concentration of the major and

trace elements

Spatial and temporal distribution

of Flouride and Arsenic

concentrations with changes of

groundwater geochemistry

processes which occurs in the

groundwater aquifers and

hydrogeological setting

Sorption efficiency,

retention time, model

calibration and groundwater

level

Modelling results and baseline

information from previous

reports and publication

Laboratory analysis, modelling results

and previous baseline reports and

publications

Field works camapigns, Laboratory analysis and

simulation Simulation of hydrogeochemical data

using hydrogeochemical codes Visual MINTEQ

and PHREEQC programs and COMSOL software


32

Modelling performances and

sensitivity of the water quality

parameters using the

hydrogeochemical codes, Visual

MINTEQ, COMSOL software,

PHREEQC programs






PHREEQC programs




hydrogeochemical codes,

Visual MINTEQ, COMSOL

software, PHREEQC

programs






PHREEQC programs

Modelling performances and sensitivity of

the water quality parameters using the



PHREEQC programs

Modelling performances and sensitivity of the

water quality parameters using the

hydrogeochemical codes, Visual MINTEQ,

COMSOL software, PHREEQC programs

Modelled geochemical controls,

flow direction, degradation,

speciation and redox state of the

toxic elements in the groundwater

aquifers matrix and sorbed elements

on the stream sediments




toxic elements in the

groundwater aquifers matrix and

sorbed elements on the stream

sediments

Modelled geochemical

controls, flow direction,

degradation, speciation and

redox state of the toxic

elements in the groundwater

aquifers matrix and sorbed

elements on the stream

sediments




toxic elements in the groundwater

aquifers matrix and sorbed

elements on the stream sediments

Modelled geochemical controls, flow

direction, degradation, speciation and

redox state of the toxic elements in the

groundwater aquifers matrix and sorbed

elements on the stream sediments

Modelled geochemical controls, flow direction,

degradation, speciation and redox state of the

toxic elements in the groundwater aquifers matrix

and sorbed elements on the stream sediments

Awareness of pollutant

distribution, database and water

quality management



quality management


distribution, database and

water quality management



quality management

Awareness of pollutant distribution,

database and water quality management

Awareness of pollutant distribution, database

and water quality management

Correlate impacts of different levels

of Fluoride and arsenic

concentrations on the human health

effects

Correlate impacts of different

levels of Fluoride and arsenic

concentrations on the human

health effects




health effects




health effects

Correlate impacts of different levels of

Fluoride and arsenic concentrations on

the human health effects

Correlate impacts of different levels of

Fluoride and arsenic concentrations on the

human health effects

Specific Results on Capacity Building and Outreach of Research 1 PhD Thesis on the Extent and

severity of fluoride and arsenic

contamination in surface and

groundwater in the Rift valley in

Arusha and Lake Victoria regions

1 PhD candidate trained 1 PhD Training monitored

through Individual Study

Plan (updated each year) with

documented study progress,

Internal Quality Assurance

prior to application for PhD

Public Defense, and

Apporoval after successful

PhD Defense

Eligible Master level graduate

admitted though a competitive

recruitment process (following

public announcements through

UDSM Website and interviews)

Thesis published at university libraries PhD Thesis uploaded in DiVa in KTH Library

database and the Library at UDSM/Sida

2 MSc Dissertations on the Extent

and severity of fluoride and arsenic




2 MSc students trained at

advanced levels

2 MSc Dissertations approved

after defense

2 MSc Final year student Thesis at University libraries MSc Thesis uploaded Library at UDSM/Sida and

KTH

4 peer-reviewed publications in

International SCI Journals

At least 4 peer-reviewed

publication skills developed by

the PhD student and 1 additional

publication by the Faculties

jointly by WRE-CoET, UDSM

and SEED-KTH

Manuscripts accepted in


folllowing the standard peer-

review processes

New information The Journals, ScienceDirect and Springer

Link and other journals

Web consultation /Regular Journal Issues


33

4 peer-reviewed conference

presentations on Extent and severity

of fluoride and arsenic





conference presentation skills

developed

Presentations accepted in peer-

reviewed conferences and

presented in International

Conferences (Oral presentations

and/or Posters)

New information Conference proceedings Web consultation /Proceedings Volume

2 Popular science reports At least 2 Popular science reports

published in local media

2 published and widely

disseminated reports

Previous reportings Reports published Document analysis

Workshops for the local

authorities or communities

Capacitised local authorities

and communities through

workshops

Number of participants with

positive interview



Post workshop interview Document analysis

Policy briefs and knowledge

dissemination

Awareness raising and

knowledge to the local

communities


positive interview

Previous information on water

quality at local levels



34

Specific Objective # 2: Sorption performances of different locally available adsorbents namely activated alumina, Fe-oxides, magnesite, bauxite and clays as well as bone char for fluoride removal with

improved sorption capacity on a laboratory scale tested (1 PhD and 1 MSc Training)


Review of different experimental

setting for laboratory scale

experiments fluoride removal carried

out

A schematic diagram for the

experimental set up and purchase

of required equipments and

laboratory chemicals

Schematic experimental set up

approved. Laboratory equipment

and chemicals ordered

Literature on experimental

set up of Fluoride and arsenic

removal. Laboratory

equipment catalogues,

Laboratory equpment

supplies

Journals, Catalogues,

Communications and contact

with different suppliers

Review of journals, catalogue, Requst of invoices,

communication to selected lab equipmenr and

chemical supplies

Local materials that can act as

adsobents selected and

characterised.

Field visit to identify local

available materials that can be

used as absorbant ( Pumice,

clay, bone char, bauxite, rice

husk ash, zeolites etc)

Five natural materials selected and

characterised to suite absorbent

requirements

Previous soil reports in study

area, geological map, Soil

maps, literature

Previous hydrogeological reports,

journals, field visit, Laboratory

experimental hand books

The surface and textural morphology of absorbent

matrial shall be determined by scanning electron

micrographs (SEM)), Field emission LaBb scanning

electron microscope. The physicochemical

characteristics are determined by measuring point of

zero charge, by x-ray diffraction (XRD) and by XRF

(X-ray fluorescence) analysis.

Batch experimental testing of

performance of differennt absorbents

in removal of fluoride from aqueous

solution

Hydrochemical data for

fluoride from different

absorbent experimentation

Sorption levels of fluoride

concentration in different

absorbent materials

Hydrochemical data, Absorbent

characteristics

Experimentations, Collected

water samples, Prepared

absorbents, Journals, books etc

Batch experiment shall be carried out to measure the

adsorption characteristics of Fluoride/Arsenic by the

absorbent material. A known weight of absorbent

material shall be added to a known volume of synthetic

fluoride solutions of varying concentration in the

experimental set up. After equilibrium, samples were

filtered and the filtrate will be analyzed for residual

fluoride concentration. Amount of sobbed

fluoride/Arsenic will be computed as the difference

between initial and final concentration of

fluoride/Arsenic in solution multiply by volume of

solution divide by mass of absorbent

Senstivity analysis of effect of pH,

residence time on removal of fluoride

Hydrochemical data for fluoride

from absorbant experimentation

under different PH and resident

time settings



absorbent materials

experimentation under different pH

and resident time settings

Literature on Kinetics,

Absorbent characteristics.

Experimentations, HCL,

Collected water samples,

Prepared absorbents, Journals,

books etc

The effect of pH shall be investigated by performing

the adsorption experiments at various pH in the range

of 4-10 adjusted by addition of diluted HCl or NaOH

solution. After adjusting pH at the required level,

effect of different contact time on Fluoride/Arsenic

concentrations at known mass of sorbent dosage will

be examined.

Senstivity analysis of competing anions

(chloride, nitrate, sulphate, bicarbonate)

on removal of fluoride from aqueous

solution performed

Hydrochemical data for fluoride

from absorbant experimentation

under different anions

concentrations



absorbent materials

experimentation under different

anions concentrations

Literature on anionic

influence on reaction

Kinetics, Absorbent

characteristics.




The effects of competing anions (chloride, nitrate,

sulfate, bicarbonate) on fluoride adsorption will be

investigated by performing fluoride sorption under a

fixed fluoride concentration and different anion

concentration with a fixed sorbent dosage. The initial

competing anion concentrations and sorbent dosage of

will be determined experimentally


35

Specific Results on Capacity Building and Outreach of Research

1 PhD Thesis on the sorption

performances of different locally

available adsorbents (activated alumina,

Fe-oxides, magnesite, bauxite and clays

as well as bone char) with improved

sorption capacity for fluoride removal

on a laboratory scale

1 PhD candidate trained

1 PhD Training monitored

through Individual Study Plan

(updated each year) with


Internal Quality Assurance prior

to application for PhD Public

Defense, and Apporoval after

successful PhD Defense




public announcements

through UDSM Website and

interviews)

Thesis published at university

libraries

PhD Thesis uploaded in DiVa in KTH Library database

and the Library at

UDSM/Sida

1 MSc Dissertation on the sorption


available adsorbents (activated

alumina, Fe-oxides, magnesite,

bauxite and clays as well as bone

char) with improved sorption

capacity for fluoride removal on a

laboratory scale

1 MSc student trained at

advanced levels

1 MSc Dissertation approved after

defense

1 MSc Final year student

Thesis at University libraries

MSc Thesis uploaded Library at UDSM/Sida and KTH





the PhD student and 1

additional publications by the

Faculties jointly by WRE-

CoET, UDSM and SEED-KTH




review processes

New information

The Journals, ScienceDirect and

Springer Link and other journals



presentations on sorption performances

of different locally available

adsorbents (activated alumina, Fe-

oxides, magnesite, bauxite and clays as

well as bone char) with improved

sorption capacity for fluoride removal

on a laboratory scale



developed


reviewed conferences and presented

in International Conferences (Oral

presentations and/or Posters)

New information

Conference proceedings

Web consultation /Proceedings Volume

2 Popular science reports

At least 2 Popular science

reports published in local media



Previous reportings

Reports published

Document analysis



Capacitised local

authorities and

communities through

workshops


positive interview



Post workshop interview

Document analysis


dissemination at

UDSM



communities


positive interview




Document analysis


36

Specific Objective # 3: Sorption performances of different locally available adsorbents namely activated alumina, Fe-oxides, magnesite, bauxite and clays as well as bone char for arsenic removal with

improved sorption capacity on a laboratory scale evaluated (1 PhD and 1 MSc Training)

Outputs Outcomes Performance indicator Baseline Data source Method of collecting data Review of different experimental

setting for laboratory scale experiments

for arsenic removal carried out


experimental set up and purchase

of required equipments and

laboratory chemicals




Literature on experimental

set up of Fluoride and arsenic

removal. Laboratory


Laboratory equpment

supplies


Communications and contact with

different suppliers



chemical supplies

Selection and characterisation of local

materials that can act as adsobents








requirements


area, geological map, Soil

maps, literature











Batch experimental testing of

performance of differennt absorbents in

removal of Fluoride and arsenic from

aqueous solution


arsenic from different

absorbent experimentation

Sorption levels of Fluoride and

arsenic concentration in different

absorbent materials


characteristics

Experimentations, Collected water

samples, Prepared absorbents,

Journals, books etc

Batch experiment shall be carried out to measure the

adsorption characteristics of Fluoride/Arsenic by the

absorbent material. A known weight of absorbent

material shall be added to a known volume of

synthetic fluoride solutions of varying concentration

in the experimental set up. After equilibrium,

samples were filtered and the filtrate will be analyzed

for residual fluoride concentration. Amount of sobbed






Residence time on removal of arsenic

performed

Hydrochemical data for arsenic

from adsorption experiments

under different pH,

concentrations and residence

time

Sorbed levels of arsenic in

different absorbent materials






books etc

The effect of pH shall be investigated by performing

the adsorption experiments at various pH in the

range of 4-10 adjusted by addition of diluted HCl or

NaOH solution. After adjusting pH at the required

level, effect of different contact time on

Fluoride/Arsenic concentrations at known mass of

sorbent dosage will be examined.


(chloride, nitrate, sulphate, bicarbonate

and phosphate) on removal of arsenic

from aqueous solution

Hydrochemical data for arsenic

from adsorption experiments

under different pH,

concentrations and residence

time

Sorbed levels of arsenic in

different absorbent materials



Kinetics, Absorbent

characteristics.

Experimentations, Collected water

samples, Prepared absorbents,

Journals, books etc

The effects of competing anions (chloride, nitrate,

sulfate, bicarbonate) on fluoride adsorption will be

investigated by performing fluoride sorption under a

fixed fluoride concentration and different anion

concentration with a fixed sorbent dosage. The initial

competing anion concentrations and sorbent dosage of

will be determined experimentally



37

1 PhD Thesis on the sorption


available adsorbents (activated alumina,

Fe-oxides, magnesite, bauxite and clays

as well as bone char) with improved

sorption capacity for arsenic removal on

a laboratory scale





Internal Quality Assurance prior

to application for PhD Public








interviews)


libraries

PhD Thesis uploaded in DiVa in KTH Library

database and the Library at

UDSM/Sida

1 MSc Dissertation on the sorption


available adsorbents (activated

alumina, Fe-oxides, magnesite, bauxite

and clays as well as bone

char) with improved sorption capacity

for arsenic removal on a laboratory scale

1 MSc student trained at

advanced levels

1 MSc Dissertation approved after

defense


KTH





the PhD student and 1

additional publications by the

Faculties jointly by WRE-

CoET, UDSM and SEED-

KTH




review processes

New information The Journals, ScienceDirect and




presentations on sorption performances

of different locally available adsorbents

(activated alumina, Fe- oxides,

magnesite, bauxite and clays as well as

bone char) with improved sorption

capacity for arsenic removal on a

laboratory scale


conference presentation

skills developed






2 Popular science reports At least 2 Popular science

reports published in local

media




Workshops for the local authorities

or communities

Capacitised local

authorities and

communities through

workshops


positive interview





dissemination at

UDSM



communities


positive interview




Document analysis


38

Specific Objective # 4: Field application for developed technology for effective removal of fluoride and arsenic from natural waters of varying quality parameters for fluoride and arsenic removal (1 PhD

and 2 MSc Training)


eview of different system design for

fluoride and arsenic removal at field

scale accomplished


experimental set up and

purchase of required

equipments and laboratory

chemicals




Literature on experimental set

up of Fluoride and arsenic

removal. Laboratory


Laboratory equpment supplies


Communications and contact

with different suppliers



chemical supplies

Selection and characterisation of local

materials that can act as adsobents at

field scale identified and applied for

removal








requirements


area, geological map, Soil maps,

literature











Pilot scale applications of systems

developed for removal of Fluoride and

arsenic from real time settings

developed


Fluoride and arsenic from

different absorbent

experimentation



absorbent materials


characteristics




Sampling for monitoring the adsorption

characteristics of Fluoride/Arsenic by the absorbent

materials in the pilot systems. Amount of sobbed





Monitor the hydrogeochemical changes

of NOM, pH, and TDS on the boreholes

and streams

Water quality parameter

distribution maps and

compliance with the Tanzania

WQ standards and regulation

(2009)

Water quality parameter distribution

maps



Maps and Previous baseline

study and research publication

Field and laboratory analysis of water samples over

the project period


residence time on removal of Fluoride

and arsenic



absorbant experimentation

under different PH and resident

time settings



absorbent materials


PH and resident time settings






books etc


the project period


(chloride, nitrate, sulphate, bicarbonate)

on removal of Fluoride and arsenic from

aqueous solution



absorbant experimentation

under different anions

concentrations



absorbent materials


anions concentrations



Kinetics, Absorbent

characteristics.





the project period



39

1 PhD Thesis on the Field application

for developed technology for effective

removal of fluoride and arsenic from

natural waters of varying quality

parameters for fluoride and arsenic

removal





Internal Quality Assurance prior to

application for PhD Public








interviews)


libraries

PhD Thesis uploaded in DiVa in KTH Library

database and the Library at

UDSM/Sida

2 MSc Dissertations on the Field

application for developed technology

for effective removal of fluoride and

arsenic from natural waters of varying

quality parameters for fluoride and

arsenic removal

2 MSc students trained at

advanced levels

2 MSc Dissertations approved after

defense


KTH





the PhD student


International SCI

Journals folllowing the standard

peer-review processes

New information The Journals, ScienceDirect and




presentations on Field application for

developed technology for effective

removal of fluoride and arsenic from

natural waters of varying quality

parameters for fluoride and arsenic

removal


conference presentation

skills developed






2 Popular science reports At least 2 Popular science

reports published in local

media




Workshops for the local authorities

or communities

Capacitised local

authorities and

communities through

workshops


positive interview





dissemination at UDSM



communities


positive interview




Specific Objective # 5: Establishment of the PhD Program in Hydrology and Biogeochemical modelling -


Curriculum developed for

Hydrology and Biogeochemical

Modelling

Implemented curiculum for PhD

program at WRE-CoET, UDSM, with

established learning outcomes and

students admitted in the program.

Curriculum approval by UDSM Senate, the

Tanzanian Commission of Universities

(TCU) , advertisement through UDSM

Website. And local media

The prepared curriculum is, subjected

to approval mechanism through

UDSM and TCU regulations.

Available guidelines for the course

contents through lessons learnt from

the Swedish Cooperation

Existing Programs in other

disciplines at

UDSM, Swedish Universities

(KTH and others)

Information available through web

sources for similar programs in Tanzania,

Sweden, and other Universities globally,

personal communications though

academic networks, questionnaire to

stakeholders and future employers of the

graduates

Summary: Capacity Building, Approach and Outreach of Research (DAFWAT)

4 PhD Thesis 4 PhD candidates trained for

enhanced

Reserach Capacity at WER-CoET,

UDSM

4 PhD Training moniored through

Individual Study Plan (updated each year)

with documented study progress, Internal

Quality Assurance prior to application for

PhD Public Defense, and Apporoval after


Eligible 4 Master level graduates



public announcements through

UDSM Website and interviews)


libraries

PhD Thesis uploaded in DiVa in KTH

Library database and the Library at

UDSM/Sida

6 MSc Dissertations 6 MSc students trained at advanced

levels

6 MSc Dissertations are approved after

defense

6 MSc Final year students Thesis at university libraries MSc Thesis uploaded Library at

UDSM/Sida and KTH


International

SCI Journals


publication skills developed for the 4

PhD students and 4 additional

publications by the Faculties jointly

by WRE-CoET, UDSM and SEED-

KTH

Manuscripts accepted in International SCI

Journals folllowing the standard peer-review

processes

New information The Journals, ScienceDirect

and Springer Link and other

journals



presentations in

International Conferences



developed for the 4 PhD students and

UDSM staffs

Presentations accepted in peer-reviewed

conferences and presented in International

Conferences (Oral presentations and/or

Posters)


8 Popular science reports At least 8 Popular science reports

published in local media

2 published and widely disseminated reports Previous reportings Reports published Document analysis



Capacitised local authorities

and communities through

workshops

Number of participants with positive

interview





dissemination at UDSM

Awareness raising and knowledge

to the local communities

Number of participants with positive

interview

Previous information on water quality

at local levels



41

Curriculum for PhD program

Hydrology and Biogeochemical

Modelling at WRE-CoET,

UDSM, with established learning

outcomes and students admitted in

the program.

Curiculum for PhD program is

implementedat WRE-CoET, UDSM,

with established learning outcomes

and students admitted in the program.

Curriculum approval by UDSM Senate, the

Tanzanian Commission of Universities

(TCU) , advertisement through UDSM

Website. And local media

The prepared curriculum is, subjected

to approval mechanism through

UDSM and TCU regulations.

Available guidelines for the course

contents through lessons learnt from

the Swedish Cooperation

Existing Programs in other

disciplines at

UDSM, Swedish Universities

(KTH and others)

Information available through web

sources for similar programs in

Tanzania, Sweden, and other

Universities globally, personal

communications though academic

networks, questionnaire to stakeholders

and future employers of the graduates

WORKPLAN


43

Task Year 2015/16 2016/17 2017/18 2018/19 2019/20

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

Training and Capacity Building

o Membrane Sci & Tech Shortcourse

(UDSM)

o WatSan in Int Development

Shortcourse (KTH)

o Scientific Writing Skills Workshop

(KTH&UDSM)

oGrant Writing Workshop (KTH&UDSM)

Community Engagement and Enterprise Facilitation

o Introduction Workshop UDSM

o Research Workshop KTH

o Research Workshop Water

Technology UDSM

o Fluoride Health Implications

Community Meetings

o Technology Demonstration Tanzania

WP 1: In Depth Analysis of the Occurrence of Arsenic and Fluoride and Associated Health Effects in Tanzania

o Critical review of data currently

available on fluoride in Tanzania with a focus on water matrix compounds such as NOM, TDS and pH

o Evaluation of current Treatment

Technologies suitable for Tanzanian Waters

o Appropriateness of available


44

Technologies for Rural Tanzania (Assessment of costs,maintenance, robustness, etc)

WP 2: System Design & Systematic Tests as a Baseline of Technical Feasibility (Fluoride Removal)

o Nanofiltration (NF)

o Electrodialysis (ED)

o Field Tests (NF)

WP 3: Optimising sorption performances and Sorption Kinetics of the local sorbents materials for arsenic and flouride removal

o Activated Alumina/Magnesites/

Bauxites Clays

o Tanzanian Bone Char

o Design of Sorption Test System

o Field Tests with most Effective

Sorbent

WP 4: Assess the Impact of Water Quality Parameters such as TDS, pH, NOM and competing Ions on Fluoride Removal by the Processes in WP2 and WP3

o Systematic investigation of NOM


45

o Systematic Investigation of pH

o Systematic Investigation of TDS

o Systematic Investigation of Energy

Fluctuations

WP 5: Assessment of socio-economic feasibility in particular community acceptance, comparative performance, cost and capacity (from WP2-4)

o Water Quality & Quantity Comparison

o Specific Energy Consumption & Cost

o Assessment of Technology

Robustness

o Capacity & Maintenance Protocols

o Community Acceptance & Health

Evaluation

o Commercialisation Plan Development

in the Tanzanian Context

PhD and MSc Coursework and Dissertations: 3 + 3

Project Management &

Dissemination

Project team meeting (phone/video conference)

International Conference presentation

Journal publication submission

o Critical Review (WP1): Water

Research Journal

o NF/RO (WP2): Membrane Science

o Adsorption (WP3): Separation

X X


46

&Purification Technology Journal

o ED (WP4): Membrane Science Journ

o Technology Assessment (WP5):

Environ S&T Journal

o Health of Fluoride Removal (MSc)

Wat & Health Journal

Joint Kick off meeting UDSM

Reports submission

Colour codes

General skills KTH UDSM KTH & UDSM Meeting or report submission

Journal Publications

ENCLOSURE 3

-Contribution and responsibility of each of the partners/participants/positions in the

proposed research training program

Tanzania Sweden

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Felix Mtalo. Main

Coordinator. Hydrological and groundwater

quality analysis. Supervision of the MSc and

PhD Students, short course

Prof. Dr. Prosun Bhattacharya, Coordinator, KTH. Hydrogeological and

groundwater quality investigations, water

quality analyses, monitoring. Supervision of

the MSc and PhD Students

Joseph Mtamba Ochieng Field work

coordinator and sampling assistant. To work

with the students, and laboratory analysis

Prof. Dr. Berit Balfors, Professor

Environmental Impact Analysis of trace

elements in aquatic environments and water

treatment technology.

Prof. Dr. Roger Thunvik, Professor, KTH

Sub-surface modelling of contaminant

transport

Dr. Helfrid Schulte-Herbrüggen,Post-doc

scientist, KTH Biogeochemical interactions

of trace elements in aquatic environments and

water treatment technology.

M.Sc. M. Annaduzzaman, Laboratory

analysis and modelling of groundwater

chemical data


48

ENCLOSURE 4

CV

Felix Mtalo

Born: 1953-10-24

1. Higher education

1978-1980, M.Sc,

1974-1978, BSc

2. Doctoral degree

1984-1988Dr.-Ing. in Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering Titled "Sediment Removal

from Canals using the Vortex Tube",

3. Postdoctoral work ( year and placement)

1988-1989 Dam Construction sites in Germany and Hydropower Planning sites in Loussane

Switzerland and Italy

4. Qualifications as research/fellow/associate professor (year)

Associate Professor University of Dar es salaam 1996

Full Professor of Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering 2006

Lecturer in Water Resources Management and Hydraulic structures to Under-and

Postgraduate students.

5. Special certification or equivalent (year, discipline/subject area)

Fellow Institution of Engineers Tanzania 1995 Water Structures

Fellow Academy of Sciences Tanzania 2010

Consultant Engineer-Engineers Registration Board 2000

6. Current position, period of appointment

Professor of Water Resources Engineering and

Professorial Chair Holder (SADC) in Water Resources Management 2007

7. Previous employment and duration of employment

Associate Professor Water Resources University of Dar es salaam 1996

Full Professor of water Resources Engineering UDSM 2006

Visiting Professor Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology 2004

External Examiner at Master and PhD students at Makerere University-Uganda, Nairobi

University, Kenya, Kenyatta University Kenya, Universities of Tshwane, Durban, Cape

Town, South Africa, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) Trondheim,

Sokoine , Nelson Mandela Universities in Tanzania

8. Interruptions in research

None

9. Individuals who have completed their doctoral degree under your supervision (name,

year of PhD thesis defence) or postdoctoral period under your main supervision

Dr Hassan Mjengera (2002) Optimisation of Bone Char filter column for Defluoridating

drinking water at Household level in Tanzania

Dr Zemadin Birhanu (2005) Application of a GIS based SWAT model in simulating the

available water resources in a Pangani river basin sub-

catchment

Dr Singano Josephat (2002) Optimization ofMagnesite for defluoridating Drinking water at

Household level in Tanzania


49

Dr Yawson Daniel (2003) Modeling of Mtera-Kidatu reservoir system to Improve integrated Water Resources

Management

Dr Prekesedis MarcoNdomba (2007) Modeling of Erosion Processes and Reservoir

Sedimentation in Pangani Basin-upstream of Nyumba Ya Mungu Reservoir”

Dr Johnston Malisa (2007) Dam Safety Analysis Using Physical and Numerical Models for

Small Dams in Tanzania”,

Dr Kashimbiri Nimzihirwa (2012)Development of a System Dynamic Model for Investigation

of Groundwater Variability in Arusha Municipality Well-field

Dr Bernard Thole (2013)Development of a Hybrid water Defluoridation technology in

groundwater supply systems

10. Pedagogic experience. List 5 most important Master/PhD training courses you have

been involved in organising. Specify your role and the year(s)

A: Courses: 1:Prepeared the curricullum and teaching manuscript for the subject WM 622

River Engineering for the Masters in Integrated water Resources Engineering- 2005 -

coordinator

2: Prepared the teaching manuscipt and curiculum for a Masters programme in Integrated

Sanitation Management.(ISM 610 Remediation of Landfills) supported by EU project.-local

coordinator

3:Prepared the curricullum for WR 643 Hydraulic Structures for Hydropower plants,Masters

in Renewable Energy-coordinator and lecturer

4. Organised and lecturing WR 640 Hydropower plants to MSc Renewable Energy

progaramme-coordinator and lecturer

B. Degree projects at Undergraduate and Postgraduate level.

Supervised more tan 80 Masters and 200 undergraduate students in the area of water

Resources Engineering and Management.

11. Other information of importance to the application

Prof. Mtalo has a a long experience on international collaborative research undertakings. He

has actively coordinated or participated in the following international undertakings.

-Wetlands as Regulators of Matter Transport –Development towards sustainable

Tropical Landscapes (Mara River Basin)supported under VicRes

- Water Resources Management of the Pangani river basin under the support of

NORAD-Norway

- Hydrological Modeling for the Nile Basin catchments under UNESCO in NILE-FRIEND

- Valuing the Arc Mountains in Tanzania under Levehulme Foundation of UK

- Hydrological analysis for the Eastern arc Mountain Forests in Tanzania under WWF

-Flood forecasting of the Lower Rufiji basin in Tanzania under DFID –through CEH

Besides speaking and writing Swahili fluently, I also speak and write English and German as

foreign languages. I have a good computer knowledge and skills on Hydrological modelling,

Remote Sensing and GIS applications. I have participated in several projects evaluation

committees in the region, Africa and Europe. I am for example, a research proposal reviewer

for EU programmes, as well as the Royal Society of Britain.

I am a registered Journals reviewer in Tanzania and the Africa region.


50

CV

PROSUN BHATTACHARYA

Born: 1962-07-27

1. Higher education degree(s) (year, subject area)

B. Sc. (Hons) Geology, 1982, University of Delhi, Delhi, India

M. Sc. Applied Geology, 1985, University of Delhi, Delhi, India

2. Doctoral degree (year, discipline/subject area, dissertation title, and supervisor)

1990, Ph. D. Geology/Petrology and geochemistry/ Title of Doctoral Thesis: “Petrology and

geochemistry of clastic metasediments from Proterozoic Aravalli Supergroup, Udaipur

District, South Central Rajasthan” Supervisor: Prof. Dr. Dhiraj M. Banerjee,University of

Delhi, Delhi, India.

3. Postdoctoral work (year and placement) -

4. Qualifications as research fellow/associate professor (year)

Docent (Associate Professor), Groundwater Chemistry (2002) KTH Royal Institute of

Technology, Stockholm, Sweden Title of Docent Lecture: Arsenic in Groundwater of

Sedimentary Aquifers: Mechanisms of Mobilization

5. Specialist certification or equivalent (year, discipline/subject area)

Elected as a Fellow of the Geological Society of America (2012)

6. Current position, period of appointment, share of time spent in research.

Professor in Groundwater Chemistry,December 2009- till date, Department of Sustainable

Development, Environmental Science and Engineering, KTH, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden

Tel: 08-790 7399, Fax: 08-790 6857 E-mail: [email protected], Time in research: 80%

URL: http://www2.lwr.kth.se/Personal/personer/bhattacharya_prosun/index.htm

Research Coordinator: KTH-International Groundwater Arsenic Research Group (GARG)

URL: http://www2.lwr.kth.se/Personal/personer/bhattacharya_prosun/Garg/index.htm

7. Previous positions and periods of appointment (specify type of position).

Scientist/Docent (Associate Professor) in Groundwater Chemistry (April 2002-

November 2009), Department of Land and Water Resources Engineering, KTH

Visiting Scientist Contaminated Land and Water Environment Programme,

Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO), Adelaide,

Australia (December 2001- June, 2002).

Research Scientist (Forskare) (2001-March 2002) Dept. of Land and Water Resources

Engineering, KTH.

Research Engineer (Fo. ing.) (1994-2001) Coordinator: Groundwater Arsenic

Research Group, Div.of Land and Water Resources, Dept. of Civil and Environmental

Engineering, KTH, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden.

Visiting Professor: Faculdad de Ciencias Exactas y Tecnologias, Universidad Nacional

de Santiago del Estero, Argentina. (October 2001-2008).

Visiting Professor Department of Geology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh

(October 2004-ongoing); Visiting Professor Department of Earth Sciences, National

Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan (May, 2010)

8. Interruptions in research. -


year of PhD thesis defense) or postdoctoral period under your main supervision.

mailto:[email protected]

http://www2.lwr.kth.se/Personal/personer/bhattacharya_prosun/index.htm

http://www2.lwr.kth.se/Personal/personer/bhattacharya_prosun/Garg/index.htm


51

o 2003, Joydev Jana, Co –adviser with Dr. D. Chatterjee, University of Kalyani, West

Bengal, India)

o 2004, Aparajita Bhattacharya, Co-adviser with J. Routh, Department of Geology and

Geochemistry, Stockholm University.(Licenciate)

o 2007, Md. Jakariya, Main Adviser, Department of Land and Water Resources

Engineering, KTH

o 2008, M. Aziz Hasan, Main Adviser, Department of Land and Water Resources

Engineering, KTH.

o 2012, Mattias von Brömssen, Main Adviser, Department of Land and Water

Resources Engineering, KTH.

o 2013, Ashis Biswas, Main Adviser, Department of Sustainable Development,

Environmental Science and Engineering, KTH.

o 2013, Dipti Halder, Main Adviser, Department of Sustainable Development,

Environmental Science and Engineering, KTH

o 2014, Oswaldo Eduardo Ramos Ramos, Main Adviser, Department of Sustainable

Development, Environmental Science and Engineering, KTH, Sida-Bolivia

Cooperation with UMSA, La Paz, Bolivia.


been involved in organizing. Specify your role and the year(s)

A: Courses: Experience of teaching undergraduate and post graduate students at the

Department of Land and Water Resources Engineering in undergraduate and FOV courses

(fort- och vidare utbildningskurser):

1. Soil remediation (AE216V)

2. Groundwater Chemistry and its vulnerability (AE212V)

3. Groundwater chemistry and its application in both naturally and anthropogenically

contaminated environments. (FOV course and also Linnaeus-Palme Academic

Exchange program at Univeridad Nacional de Santiage del Estero, Argentina,

Department of Geology, University of Dhaka, Bangladesh.

B: Degree project inGroundwater Chemistry (AE211X): Supervised more than 38 MSc

Thesis projects (46 undergraduate students) on studies on the geogenic contaminantion of

groundwater with arsenic and other fluoride and remediation.


A. List of Research Projects:

Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency (Sida) Project: “Water

Resources Management-Hydrogeochemical Study of Arsenic and Heavy Metals in

Groundwater of Poopo and Uru-Uru Basins and evaluation of risk in the exposed population”

Bolivia, Sida Contribution No. 7500707606 (2007-2012): 1.75 MSEK), Swedish

International Development Cooperation Agency (Sida) Project: Sustainable Arsenic

Mitigation (SASMIT) Sida Contribution No. 73000854 (2007-2015: 11 MSEK), SIDA-

Swedish Research Link Programme: Targeting safe aquifers in regions with high arsenic in

groundwaters of India and the options for sustainable drinking water supply [2007-2011] [0.6

MSEK], SGU project: (2007-2010, 0.5 MSEK), Formas project: (2007-2012: 2.81 MSEK),

Sida- Joint Formas-SAREC Project: (2007-2011: 0.91 MSEK),

B. Project Evaluation Committee: Danida, International Foundation of Science (IFS),

French National Research Agency. NERC, NWO, CONYCET, Chile, National Science

Foundation, USA, and Canadian Cancer Soceity.


52

C. Associate Editor: Journal of Hydrology (Elsevier); Environment International (Elsevier)

and Editor: Interdisciplinary Book Series: Arsenic in the Environment (CRC Press)

D: Editor in Chief: Groundwater for Sustainable Development (Elsevier); Frontiers in

Environmental Sciences: Specialty Section on Groundwater Resources and Management

(Nature Publishing Group)


53

CV

Helfrid Schulte-Herbrüggen

Born: 1979-01-22

1. Higher education

2004 B.Sc (Hons) Environmental Chemistry, the University of Edinburgh, UK

2. Doctoral degree

2012 Ph.D. Environmental Engineering, the University of Edinburgh, UK. Title of PhD

thesis: “Remote Community Drinking Water Supply – Mechanisms of Uranium Retention and

Adsorption by Ultrafiltration, Nanofiltration and Reverse Osmosis” (2006-2011)

3. Postdoctoral work ( year and placement)

2013 –current. PI of “Sustainable Water”, The University of Edinburgh, UK

2013 –current.co-PI of “Critical Evaluation of Available Toxicity due to Silver Nanoparticles

(AgNP) in Indian Sundarban Mangrove Wetland, A UNESCO World Heritage Site”, the

University of Edinburgh, UK.


- see 6.



EPSRC Doctoral prize Fellowship, The University of Edinburgh, UK (2013 - current)

Visiting researcher, KTH Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden (2014 – current)


- Lecturer in Environmental Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Edinburgh

(Jan 2014 – June 2014)

- PhD researcher, School of Engineering, University of Edinburgh, UK (Sept 2006 – May

2011)

- Research Assistant, School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh (Aug 2005 – June

2006)

- Tutor, School of Literatures, Languages and Cultures, University of Edinburgh (part-time,

Aug 2005 – May 2006)

- Environmental Chemist (Internship), Jönköping County Council (Länsstyrelsen), Sweden.

Supervisor Dr Gudrun Bremle (Oct 2004 – April 2005)


2011-2012 – maternity leave



- Payam Malek, PhD student Environmental Engineering, The University of Edinburgh “Clean Water from Clean Energy: Removal of Dissolved Contaminants from Brackish Water

Using Wind Energy Powered Electrodialysis”, lead supervisor, (Jan 2013 – Nov 2014)

- Paul Bryers, PhD Environmental Engineering, The University of Edinburgh “Water

Engineering and International Development”, co-supervisor (Jan – June 2013)


54



Contaminated Land and Groundwater Remediation.A 10 credit final year Masters

Engineering course, The University of Edinburgh. Course Organiser, lecturer and examiner

(Jan-June, 2014).

Applications in ground and water chemistry 3. Guest lecture, KTH, 2014

Mass transport between fluid and porous boundaries, part of the course Environmental

Engineering 3, the University of Edinburgh (2013).

Water and sustainability, part of the course Infrastructure, Management and Sustainability

3, the University of Edinburgh, invited lecture (2013).


a. Pedagogic training

- Post-graduate Certificate in Academic Practice. 60 credit Masters course at the

University of Edinburgh. Courses: 1) Understanding student learning, 2) Research

leadership and management, 3) Teaching and learning within and beyond the disciplines 4)

course organisation and management and 5) Developing my approach to teaching (2013 –

current).

- Oxford Leadership Academy on Personal Leadership (June 2009)

- Introduction to tutoring and demonstrating (the University of Edinburgh) (2006)

Masters students supervised (all at the University of Edinburgh):

Thesis Supervisor (January – June 2014)

Sigrid Bjørneng Sagen, MEng Civil Engineering, “Effects of Thermal Pre-treatment and

Co-digestion on the Bio-methane Potential of Organic Food Waste and Ulva Lactuca”

Fahad Alfahad, MEng Civil Engineering, “Anaerobic Digestion – Generating Energy

from Waste”.

Veronika Stoyanova, MEng Civil Engineering, “Energy from Waste: Effects of PAHs

Contamination on the Anaerobic Digestion Process of Green Macro-Algae Ulva Lactuca”.

Peter Antwi Owusu, visiting MSc research student from KNUST, Ghana (2008)

Laboratory Supervisor (2006-07)

John Davey, MSc Civil Engineering (2007)

Xiaolu Xu, MSc Environmental and Analytical Chemistry (2006)

Emmanuel Blei, and Niranjan Kumar, MSc Environmental Chemistry (2006)

b. Research grants awarded

British Council Researcher Links participant to workshop: “Fluoride (F) metabolism and

public health - a Question of DETAIL”, Bauru Dental School, Brazil (April 2014); UKIERI

research grant: “Critical Evaluation of Available Toxicity due to Silver Nanoparticles

(AgNP) in Indian Sundarban Mangrove Wetland, A UNESCO World Heritage Site” (co-PI

with Dr Antizar-Ladislao and Prof Sarkar, 2 x £20, 000) (2013); Royal Society Partnership

Grant (lead author) with Callum McLellan, Trinity Academy, Edinburgh: “Splashing Out –

the Water Footprint of our Daily Lives” (£2700) (2013); EPSRC doctoral prize fellowship,

“Sustainable Water” (2012); Royal Academy of Engineers (conference participation)

(2010); Fund for Women Graduates (living expenses) (2009); Daimler Chrystler-

UNESCO Mondialogo Engineering Award (lead author) (2008); ESRC-EPSRC PhD

Scholarship (£45,000, named contributor) (2006); ERASMUS scholarship (6 months living

costs) (2001); Project Las Piedras, socio-ecological research (various sources, £ 30,000)

(2001 & 2002)


55

c. Other activities

Science and Engineering outreach: Co-ordinator of “Splashing Out – the Water Footprint of

Our Daily Lives” funded by the Royal Society. A cross-curricular project between Edinburgh

University, Trinity Academy and Edinburgh College of Art (Jan 2013 – June 2014).

Research expedition: Project Las Piedras, Peru.Coordinator and medical officer of socio-

ecological research projectarch team of students and local guides (2001 and 2002).

CV

BERIT BROKKING BALFORS

Born: 1958-10-13; Affiliation: Dept of Sustainable Development, Environmental Science and

Engineering, KTH, Stockholm, Sweden. Phone: +46 8 790 63 52; E-mail: [email protected]

1. Doctoral degree (year, discipline/subject area, dissertation title, and supervisor)

PhD in Land- and Water Resources, KTH, 1994

2. Qualifications as research fellow/associate professor (year)

Docent in Land and Water Resources, KTH, 2007

3. Specialist certification or equivalent (year, discipline/subject area)

-

4. Current position, period of appointment, share of time spent in research.

Professor in Environmental Impact Analysis (2011)

Associate professor in Environmental Impact Analysis (2007),

5. Previous positions and periods of appointment (specify type of position).

Senior lecturer, Dept. Land and Water Resources Engineering, KTH, 2002-2010

Assistant Prof, Dept. Land and Water Resources, KTH, 1997-2002

Researcher, Dept. Land and Water Resources, KTH, 1994-1997

Visiting researcher, Delft Technical University, River Basin Centre, the Netherlands, 1990-

1991

6. Interruptions in research. -

Parental leave: 1999-2000 Maternity leave; 1997-1998 Maternity leave


year of PhD thesis defense) or postdoctoral period under your main supervision.

Awarded PhD; Main supervisor: 2008: Mikael Gontier; 2011:Andreas Zetterberg, 2012:

Andrew Quin; 2014: Kedar Uttam

Awarded Lic.; Main supervisor: 2008: Annika Varnäs; 2009: Andreas Zetterberg;

2010: Andrew Quin; 2011: Selome Mekkonnen Tessema; 2011: Kedar Uttam; 2011: Emma

Engström; 2011: Juan Azcarate; 2012: Frida Franzén; 2013: Mårten Karlson

Current supervisor; Main supervisor: Frida Franzén, Emma Engström, Johan Högström

Juan Azcarate, Mårten Karlson, David Ddumba, Selome Mekkonnen Tessema and Xi Pang;

Deputy supervisor: Zairis Coello Midence

Awarded PhD; Deputy supervisor: Ulla Mörtberg, 2004, Charlotta Faith-Ell, 2005, Kristina

Lundberg, 2009.



56


been involved in organizing. Specify your role and the year(s)

Head teacher and examiner for ‘Environmental Impact Assessment’ 7.5 ECTS (within the

Masters Program Environmental Engineering & Sustainable Infrastructure).

Head teacher and examiner for ‘Miljösystemanalys’ (within the undergraduate program Civil

Engineering and Urban Management), 7.5 ECTS.

Head teacher and examiner for Strategic Environmental Assessment 7.5 ECTS (within the

Masters Program Sustainable Urban Planning and Design).


A. List of Research Projects:

2000 – 2003 Landscape ecological assessment in an urbanizing environment. Formas, (1.5

MSEK); 2005 – 2011 Impacts of region-wide urban development on biodiversity in strategic

environmental assessment.Formas, (3.2 MSEK); 2002 - 2007 Prediction tools for biodiversity

in physical planning and EIA. Swedish Environmental Protection Agency, (2.6 MSEK); 2005

– 2007 Contamination of water resources in the Tarkwa mining area of Ghana: Linking

technical, socio-economic and gender dimensions.SAREC, (1.1 MSEK); 2008 – 2014

Improving the environmental performance of the construction sector through harmonizing

green procurement and environmental impact assessment.Formas, (2 MSEK); 2012 – 2014

Green spaces for integrated city and transport planning. Trafikverket, (1.5MSEK); 2014-

2017 Sustainable Planning and Environmental Assessment Knowledge (SPEAK). Swedish

Environmental Protection Agency, (10 MSEK); 2014-2016 Collaborative Platform for

Sustainable Suburban Dynamics. Vinnova-Swedish Governmental Agency for Innovation

Systems, (8 MSEK).

B. Ongoing collaboration - research projects

2010 – 2015 With John Mango, Dept. of Mathematic, Makerere Faculty of Science, Makerere

University. Mathematical modeling of eutrophication and pollution in Lake Victoria,

Uganda.ISP (1.3 MSEK); 2009 - 2015 With Associate prof. Joanne Fernlund, Dept of Land

and Water Resources, KTH. Environmental assessment of road geology and ecology in a

system perspective. Formas, (20 MSEK); 2008 - 2015 With Associate prof. Monica Hammer,

Södertörn University College. Ecosystems as a common-pool resources – Implications for

building sustainable management institutions in the Baltic Sea Region. Östersjöstiftelsen, (4.1

MSEK).

C: Academic Assignments

Member of an expert panel at FORMAS, 2007.

Member in the KTH University Board (KTH Högskolestyrelsen) 2011-2013.

Head of the Department of Land and Water Resources Engineering, KTH, 2007-

20013.

Vice chairmen in KTH Appointments Committee (tjänsteförslagsnämnd), ongoing.

Member of the scientific board for Lissheden Foundation (SEB Bank), ongoing.

Member of the board of Mistra Pharma, 2009-2013.

D. Evaluating Committee

2005-04-29 – Maria Håkansson, KTH. Doctoral thesis; 2007-12-14 – Kristina Rundcrantz,

SLU, Doctoral thesis; 2007-06-07 – Christian Baresel, KTH, Doctoral thesis; 2007-09-21 –

Erik Andersson, SU, Doctoral thesis; 2008-04-07 – Fredrik Hannertz, SU, Doctoral thesis;

2008-05-09 – Elisabeth Hochschorner, KTH, Doctoral Thesis; 2008-05-28 – Karin Ahrné,

SLU, Doctoral Thesis; 2008-06-11 – Amir Houshang Ehsani, KTH, Doctoral Thesis; 2008-

12-04 – Gull Olli, SU, Doctoral Thesis; 2009-12-17 – Sofia Ahlroth, KTH, Doctoral Thesis;

2011-02-04 – Sara Borgström, SU, Doctoral Thesis; 2012-03-30 - Solomon Gebreyohannis

Gebrehiwot, SLU, Doctoral Thesis. 2012-09-26 Cathy Wilkinson, Resilience Centre,

Doctoral Thesis.2013-05-03 – Gunnel Göransson, LTU, Doctoral Thesis.


57

E. Opponent

2011-12-20 – Kjell Andersson, SLU, Doctoral Thesis; 2010-09-06 – Arvid Bring, SU,

Licentiate Thesis; 2008-02-01- Sara Borgström, SU, Licentiate Thesis;

F: Evaluator (Sakkunnig)

2013 Evaluator – a Lecturer at Umeå University; 2011 Evaluator – a professorship and senior

Lecturer at SU; 2005 Evaluator - a professorship and a Senior Lecturer at SLU; 2009 Referee

Östersjöstiftelsen

G. Reviewer for scientific journals:

Environment, Development and Sustainability; Journal of Environmental Management;

Environmental Modelling & Assessment; Environmental Impact Assessment Review; Journal

of Cleaner production.


58

CV

ROGER THUNVIK Date of birth: 1944-12-08

Office address: Dept Land and Water Resources Engineering,

Research areas and activities

Current research/supervising is directed towards:

Hydrodynamic Modelling of Lake Victoria, Uganda. Dept. Mathematics, Makerere University,

Kampala Uganda – Development of a Vertically integrated flow model in COMSOL Multiphysics.

Recent supervising: Supervisor within the Sida/SAREC project SUSTAINABLE TECHNOLOGICAL

DEVELOPMENT IN THE LAKE VICTORIA REGION for PhD capacity building at Makerere

University in Kampala, Uganda (1. Environmental sanitation situation and solution transport in

variably saturate soil in peri-urban Kampala, 2. Water supply management in and urban utility: A

prototype decision support framework.

Recent research includes: (i) Modelling of arsenic contamination in groundwater: (a) “Hydrodynamic

modelling of arsenic in sedimentary aquifers of UruUru and Poopó basins in the Bolivian Altiplano”,

and (b) the MISTRA project: “Targeting arsenic-safe groundwater in regions with high

concentrations of arsenic and its worldwide implications”, (ii) Integration of surface hydrology and

subsurface models; Integrated hydrological and hydrogeological modelling of catchments –

application to the Örsunda watershed at Lake Mälaren (Geological Survey of Sweden and (iii)

Groundwater management using MCDA (Multicriteria Decision Aid).

Previous research areas include calculation of groundwater flow to rockstore caverns for oil and gas

(PhD-thesis), groundwater flow and solute mass transport, unsaturated flow, gas migration in fracture

networks, coupled heat and groundwater flow around radioactive waste repositories, sensitivity

analysis of groundwater flow, saltwater intrusion. Developed finite element and finite difference flow

and transport models, schemes for stochastic generation of fracture formations (unconditional

simulations and simulations conditioned on measured data), and sensitivity equations based on

perturbations of permeability for assessment of groundwater flow uncertainty. Groundwater flow

modelling coupled with GIS. Theoretical developments comprise, among other things, combined flow

of heat and water, gas migration in fracture networks, permeability estimation using double packer

tests in anisotropic aquifers, and up-scaling problems.

Recent fields of research include hydrogeological decision analysis and sensitivity analysis of heat

propagation from radioactive waste repositories. Project co-ordinator for the VASTRA (Swedish

Water Management Research) programme: Integration of mathematical models. Co-researcher at the

University of Oslo, Inst. for Geophysics: Numerical calculation of unsaturated flow and solute

transport, and LNAPL transport for the Gardermoen project. Member of the scientific board of the

workshop: Diffuse input of chemicals into soils & groundwater, assessment & management, Topic III:

Management of landuse in water catchment areas to minimise diffuse pollution, in Dresden February

26-28. Germany.

Other relevant information: Organised and held the NorFA (Nordic Academy for Advanced Study)

post-graduate course in Applied groundwater flow and transport modelling at the Royal Institute of

Technology (KTH) between 29 may and 9 June, 1995 (with 25 participants from Sweden, Denmark,

Norway and Finland). Also involved in under-graduate teaching, e.g. head teacher of the course:

Quantitative Hydrogeology (geohydraulics, mathematical-physical groundwater and solute transport

modelling and geostatistics, etc.), KTH, 1996-1998. Head teacher of the course: Groundwater

modelling - a service training and supplementary training course at KTH.

Coordinator of the technical assessment group for the EESI- (Environmental Engineering and

Sustainable Infrastructure) MSc program field excursion to Riga (1998-2001) and Gdansk (2002-

2004).Coordinator for the new education program on Natural Resources Engineering within the

school of Built Environment at KTH.Member of the programme committee for the

FEMLAB/COMSOL conference in Stockholm, October 3-5, 2005, Copenhagen, Denmark, October

31-November 2, 2006, and Grenoble, France, October 23-24, 2007.


59

Referee for international journals: Water Resources Research, Journal of Hydrology, Journal of Nordic

Hydrology, Hydrogeology Journal and Ambio.

Opponent for the PhD thesis: "A Statistical Approach for Water Movement in the Unsaturated Zone",

by Tielin Zhang, Department of Water Resources Engineering, Lund Institute of Technology, Lund

University, Sweden, May 1991. Opponent for the "Docent (=assoc. prof.) seminar of L. Jing,

"Mechanics of joints and jointed rock masses, Engineering Geology, KTH, Stockholm, Dec. 1994.

Opponent for the PhD thesis ”On the flow of groundwater flow to closed tunnels", by Johan G.

Holmén, Institute of Earth Sciences, Quaternary Geology, Uppsala University, Sweden, Sept., 1997.

1st Opponent for the PhD thesis "Groundwater and geochemical modelling of a landfill at

Gardermoen" by Leif Basberg, NTNU dept. Geology in Trondheim, Sept. 1999. Opponent for the PhD

thesis "Coupled modelling of contaminant transport and microbial degradation in the unsaturated zone

of a structured delta deposit" by Eli Alfsnes, Dept. Geology at Oslo University, Feb. 2002. Member of

the UNESCO-working group (IHP-IV Project 5.2 - Hard Rock Aquifers) and author of Chapter 4.2

Resources assessment: Analytical and numerical techniques of the related book.

Senior expert for the Mekong Secretariat in Bangkok, March-April 1993. Review of groundwater

water data in the Lower Mekong basin. Consulting mission (UNESCO) to Cyprus, Nicosia, June

1975.Advisor to the Government of Cyprus on the Computerisation of Hydrological and

Geohydrological Data.

Supervising (2014-2007)

Emma Engström, 2011,“Transport and Fate of Escherichia coli in Unsaturated Porous Media”, TRITA-LWR LIC 2059.

Licentiate Thesis in Land and Water Resources Engineering. KTH Architecture and the Built Environment, Stockholm.

Andrew Quin, 2010, “Monitoring and evaluation of rural water supply in Uganda”. Licentiate, Nov 2010.

Supervisor; TRITA –LWR Lic Thesis 2052.

Robinah Kulabako, 2010, “Environmental sanitation situation and solution transport in variably saturated

soil in peri-urban Kampala, Uganda”. PhD Sept 2010. Principal supervisor (Swe: Huvudhandledare);

Frank Kizito, 2010, “Water supply management in an urban utility: A prototype decision support framework,

University of Makerere, Kampala, Uganda”. FACULTY OF TECHNOLOGY, Department of Civil

Engineering. Principal supervisor (Swe: Huvudhandledare); February, 2010, TRITA-LWR PhD 1054.

Frank Kizito, 2007, “Development of Decision Support Tools for Urban Water Supply Management in

Uganda, University of Makerere, Kampala, Uganda”. FACULTY OF TECHNOLOGY, Department of Civil

Engineering. Principal supervisor (Swe: Huvudhandledare); Licentiate thesis, TRITA-LWR LIC 2041.

Oswaldo Ramos, 2007-2014, Hydrogeology and groundwater chemistry in a part of the Bolivian Altiplano

and its implications on transport of arsenic. Universidad Mayor de San Andres, LaPaz, Bolivia.

Current supervision of PhD-students

David Ddumba Walakira, 2010-present, “On Eco-hydrodynamic modelling of Lake Victoria“, Joint Degree,

PhD project: Dept. Mathematics, Makerere University, Uganda and Dept. Land and Water Resources

Engineering, KTH.

Emma Engström, 2009-present, “Modelling groundwater flow and contaminant transport in per-urban

Kampala – with focus on E-coli removal”. Dept. Land and Water Resources Engineering, KTH

Mauricio Ormachea Muñoz, 2007- present, Hydrochemistry of natural arsenic in the Bolivian highland

sources – mobility and methods of removal. (preliminary title). Universidad Mayor de San Andres, LaPaz,

Bolivia.

MSc thesis works 1997 – 2009 (42 MSc thesis)


60

CV

MD ANNADUZZAMAN

Born: 6th November, 1986

1. Higher education

2009 Bachelor of Science in Civil Engineering, Rajshahi University of Engineering &

Technology(RUET), Rajshahi, Bangladesh

2012 Master of Science in Environmental Engineering and Sustainable Infrastructure,

KTHRoyal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden

2. Doctoral degree

2012 –current PhD Student, Division of Land and Water Resources Engineering,

Department of Sustainable Development, Environmental Sciences and Engineering, KTH

Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden


2012 – Current: The Potentiality of Chitin/Chitosan Biopolymers for the Removal ofArsenic

and Radioactive Elements from Drinking Water.



FP7-SME (ChitoClean) Doctoral research scholarship, KTH Royal Institute of Technology,

Stockholm, Sweden (2012 - current)


M. Sc. Project: Project work on Sustainable Arsenic Mitigation (SASMIT), Bangladesh


N/A



- N/A




a. Pedagogic training

Post-graduate Certificate in Academic Practice.

2013 Applied Statistics (Royal Institute of Technology)

2012 Environmental Measuring and Monitoring (Royal Institute of Technology)

2012 Management of Land and Water (Royal Institute of Technology)

2012 Environmental Chemistry (Royal Institute of Technology)

2011 Water and Waste Handling (Royal Institute of Technology)

2011 Environmental Geology (Royal Institute of Technology)

2011 Natural Resources Management (Royal Institute of Technology)


61

2010 Environmental Impact Assessment (Royal Institute of Technology)

2009 Environmental Engineering (RUET, Bangladesh)

2008 Solid Waste Management (RUET, Bangladesh)

b. Research grants awarded

EU-FP7-SME Action Project ChitoClean (December 2012 - November 2014)

Linnaeus Palme (LP) Academic Exchange Student Scholarship, (August 2011 - May 2012)

c. Other activities

Laboratory Training work: University of Seljuk, Konya, Turkey laboratory analysis for

materials characterisation by SEM, ESR, FTIT, XRD, UV, Fluorescence Spectroscopy, TGA

(July 2013-August 2013)

ICP-OES Analyst: Department of Sustainable Development, Environmental Science and

Engineering, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden


62

ENCLOSURE 5

Selected PUBLICATIONS BASED ON STUDY THEME

PROF. DR.-ING. FELIX MTALO

1: Mtalo F., Abdi K.C

Removal of Excess Fluoride from Household drinking water with Emphasis on regenerated

media. Proceedings of ANSTI conference on Water Resources and Environmental

Engineering subnetwork seminar. August 23-25,1992 pp 190-207

2: Mtalo F., Abdi K.C.

Media regeneration for excess Fluoride Removal

East African Journal of Engineering Vol.1 Nr.1, January 1993.

3: Mtalo F., Mashauri D.A., Singano J.

Effect of pH on Defluoridation by using calcined Magnesite:

Proceedings: International Workshop on Fluorosis and Defluoridation of Water: October

1995.

4: Mjengera H., Mtalo F., Mashauri D.A.

Fluoride Sorption on Bone Char in Batch - Experiments.

Proceedings: International Workshop on Fluorosis and Defluoridation of Water: October

1995

5:Bernard Thole, Felix Mtalo and Wellington Masamba

Effect of particle size on loading capacity and water quality in water Defluoridation with 200°C

Calcined Bauxite, Gypsum, Magnesite and their composite filter

African Journal of Pure and Applied Chemistry Vol 6 (2) pp26-34 January 2012,

201DOI 10.5897/AJPAC 11.037

6. Bernard Thole, Felix Mtalo and Wellington Masamba

Water Defluoridation with 1500300

0 C calcined Bauxite-Gypsum-Magnesite (B-G-

Mc) filters

Water Resources Management VI, Wit Transactions on Ecology and Environment

Vol. 145, pp 383-393 (2012)

7: Bernard Thole, Felix Mtalo and Wellington Masamba

Determination of Brekthrough Characteristics , Kinetics and Dose effect on Water

Defluoridation with Bauxite, Gypsum, Magnsite and their composite filter

Submitted: Journal of CLEAN: Soil, Air Water


Groundwater Defluoridation with Raw Bauxite, Gypsum, Mgnesite ad their

Composites

Journal CLEAN Soil, Air water Vol. 40 Issue 11 Nov 2012 pp. 1222-1228 DOI:

10.1002

9:.Bernard Thole, Felix Mtalo and Wellington Masamba

Interactions between pH and Loading capacities on water Defluoridation with 200

calcined Bauxite, Gypsum, Magnesite and their composite filter

African Journal of Pure and applied Chemistry Vol. 6 (2) pp 26-34


63

http://www. Academicjournals.org/AJPAC DOI: 1996-0840 @2012


Defluoridation Kinetics of 200 0 C calcine bauxite, gypsum and magnesite and

breakthrough characteristics of their r composite filter

Journal of Fluorine Chemistry Vol. 132 pp 529-535, 2012


Breakthrough characteristics and flow-rate interaction in Water Defluoridation with a

Bauxite-Gypsum-Magnesite composite Filter

Proceedings of Regional Water Conference –Gaberone Botswana, April 2012

12: Mtamba J; Ndomba P; Mtalo F.

Wetland Change Detection and Dynamics using Multi-temporal Remote Sensing

Techniques.

Proceedings of the 4th Regional IHP Conference Dar es salaam April, 2012

Available on CD.

13.Fredrick Mashingia , Michael Bruen, and Felix Mtalo

SWAT model application and prediction uncertainty analysis in a poorly gauged

tropical mountain catchment with high spatial variability

Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Earth- Delft


Breakthrough characteristics and flow-rate interaction in Water Defluoridation with a

Bauxite-Gypsum-Magnesite composite Filter; Proceedings of Regional Water

Conference –Gaberone Botswana


Determination of Breakthrough Characteristics , Kinetics and Dose effect on Water

Defluoridation with Bauxite, Gypsum, Magnesite and their composite filter

CLEAN Journal: Soil, Air Water.

http://www/


64

Mtamba, Joseph Ochieng David (Civil and Water Resources Engineer)

P.O Box 35131,

DAR ES SALAAM

Phone:+255784635977

[email protected]

PROFESSIONAL SUMMARY

Registered Graduate Engineer

Civil and Water resources Engineer with 8 years experience in Civil Engineering, Environmental,

Water infrastructure planning and design. Projects planning, feasibility study, design and supervision.

Civil Engineering projects Construction supervision and Management. Community and donor funded

water supply and sanitation initiative planning, design, implementation, monitoring and evaluation.

Hydraulic and hydrological modeling in water resources management. Environmental impact

assessment of civil and water projects. GIS and remote sensing application in natural resources

management, planning and monitoring projects.

PEER REVIEW JOURNAL PUBLICATION

i. Mtamba, J.;Vander Velde, R.; Ndomba, P.M.; Zoltán, V; Mtalo, F.Use of Radarsat-2 and

Landsat TM images for Spatial Hydraulic Roughness Parametrization in Hydraulic

Modelling. Remote Sensing. 2014; 6(-).Under review

ii. McClain M.; Subalusky A.; Anderson E.; Dessu S.; Melesse A.; Ndomba P.; Mtamba J.;

Tamatamah R.; Mligo C. Comparing flow regime, channel hydraulics and biological

communities to infer flow-ecology relationships in the Mara River of Kenya and Tanzania,

Hydrological Sciences Journal2013 , DOI: 10.1080/02626667.2013.853121.

CONFERENCE AND WORKSHOP PROCEEDINGS

i. Mtamba, J.; Van der Velde, R.; Zoltan. V.; Azab, B., Ndomba, P.; Mtalo, F. Modelling

RiverHydrodynamic and Sediment Transport Processes in the Mara wetlands, Tiger

workshop 21-22 October, 2013, Tunis, Tunisia. (Oral presentation)

http://www.tiger.esa.int/PDF/news_45/29.pdf. This presentation is part of NBCBN-RE:

Hydrological and Environmental Aspects of Wetlands, Analytical tools for wetland

management Phase II.

ii. Mtamba, J.; Van der Velde, R.; Ndomba, P.; Zoltan. V.; Mtalo, F.; Crosato, A. Use of

Earth Observation data for Hydrodynamic Modeling in the Mara Wetlands Proceedings of

the living planet Symposium, SP-776, 9-13 September 2013, Edinburgh,UK. (Paper

presentation)

iii. Mtamba, J.; Van der Velde, R.; Ndomba, P.; Zoltan. V.; Mtalo, F.; Crosato, A. Flood

Mapping in the Mara Wetland for Ecosystem conservation, SP-776, 9-13 September 2013,

Edinburgh,UK. (Poster presentation). http://livingplanet2013.org/abstracts/850199.htm

iv. Mtamba, J. Social ecological functions of Mara wetlands and its relevance in supporting

livelihood economy. WWF workshop 21-22 August, 2013, Musoma, Tanzania. (Oral

presentation) This presentation was part of stakeholders meeting for preparation of Mau-

Mara-Serengeti Catchment management plan(MaMaSe)

v. Mtamba, J.O.D.; Ndomba, P. M.; Mtalo, F; Crosato, A. Hydraulic Study of Flood rating

Curve Development in the Lower Mara Basin. Presented at 4th International

Multidisciplinary Conference on Hydrology and Ecology (HydroEco 2013), May 2013,

Rennes, France. (poster presentation)

vi. Mtamba,J.O.D; Ndomba, P. M.; Mtalo, F; Crosato, A. Hydraulic Study of Flood rating

Curve Development in the Lower Mara Basin. Presented at 4th International

Multidisciplinary Conference on Hydrology and Ecology (HydroEco 2013), May 2013,

Rennes, France. (poster presentation)

vii. Mtamba, J.O.D., Ndomba P.M., Mtalo F. W. (2012).Wetland Change Detection using

Multi-temporal Remote Sensing Techniques. "4th Regional IHP Africa meeting jointly with

the conference on Water Science Policy and Governance in Africa”, 23-27 April 2012, Dar

Es Salaam- Kunduchi Beach Hotel & Resort

http://www.tiger.esa.int/PDF/news_45/29.pdf

http://livingplanet2013.org/abstracts/850199.htm


65

viii. Mtamba, J.O.D., Ndomba P.M., Mtalo F. W. (2012).Application of Hydrodynamics in

Developing Theoretical Rating Curves for Ungaged Catchment. "4th Regional IHP Africa

meeting jointly with the conference on Water Science Policy and Governance in Africa”, 23-

27 April 2012, Dar Es Salaam- Kunduchi Beach Hotel & Resort

ix. Mwalwiba,G.L., Mtalo,F.W., Mtamba,J.O.D., Sullivan J.O., Purcell, P.J. (2012).

Understanding Unique Nature of Floodplains Wetland on heavy Metal Retention and

Sedimentation."4th Regional IHP Africa meeting jointly with the conference on Water

Science Policy and Governance in Africa”, 23-27 April 2012, Dar Es Salaam-Kunduchi

Beach Hotel & Resort.

RESEARCH BOOKS

1. Nitrogen Removal in a Coupled High Rate and Water Hyacinth Ponds. Bsc final year project,

2006, UDSM

2. Hydropower Production Simulation at Kihansi River, A Case Study of Lower Kihansi

Hydropower Project. Msc Dissertation,2006, UDSM

EDUCATION QUALIFICATION

i. Currently pursuing PhD in Hydrology and hydraulic modeling for

floodplain management

UDSM, 2010-to

date

ii. Msc in Water Resources Engineering UDSM, 2006

iii. Bsc in Civil and Water Resources Engineering UDSM, 2004

AFFILIATIONS

i. University of Dar es Salaam College of Engineering and technology-

UDSM

KEY SKILLS AND STRENGTH

i. Microsoft office application and Microsoft project 2007

ii. Structural design software: Master series software, Autodesk 2006, AutoCAD 2007&FRANK

– Frame analysis using computer

iii. Water resources software: EPANET, Water CAD design software, Stella, QUAL II modeling

software, GIS and Remote sensing software (ERDAS, ILWIS, ENVI, ESA toolboxes etc),

iv. Hydrological modeling software: Galway flow forecasting software, HEC- RAS&HBV-

Model, SWAT, LISFLOOD, MOHID GIS etc

v. Programming languages: Pascal, FORTRAN, Visual Basic & C++, MATLAB, partial

knowledge on current languages e.g IDL

vi. Various GIS and Remote sensing modelling softwares: ILWIS, ERDAS Imagine, ENVI,

ArcGIS 9-10, ESA softwares(NEST,BEAM)

vii. GIS based Hydraulic modelling softwares. LISFLOOD FP, DELFT 2/3D, HEC-GeoRAS,

FLOW2D, ISIS 1D/2D,River2D and TELEMAC -2D

PERSONAL DETAILS

Surname:MTAMBA First name: JOSEPH OCHIENG DAVID

Date of Birth:30/08/1975.

Age: 39 years Gender: Male Nationality: Tanzanian

Marital status: Married

Permanent address: Bwiri village, TARIME.

Current address: P. o Box 61998, Dar es Salaam.

Mobile: +255-784-635977,

E-mail: [email protected]

PERSONAL CERTIFICATION

I Joseph O.D. Mtamba certify that the information provided above are true to the best of

my knowledge

SignatureDate 12/11/2014



66

Selected PUBLICATIONS

Prof. Prosun Bhattacharya

1. Selected Peer-reviewed articles (Selected publications from more than 126 articles)

Bhattacharya P., Naidu, R., Polya, D.A., Mukherjee, A., Bundschuh, J. & Charlet, L. (2014)

Arsenic in hydrological processes—sources, speciation, bioavailability and management.

Journal of Hydrology doi: 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2014.09.017 (in press)

Bhattacharya, P., Hossain, M., Rahman, S.N., Robinson, C., Nath, B., Rahman, M., Islam, M.M.,

von Brömssen, M., Ahmed, K.M., Jacks, G., Chowdhury, D., Rahman, M., Jakariya, M.,

Persson, L.-Å.& Vahter, M. (2011) Temporal and seasonal variability of arsenic in drinking

water wells in Matlab, Southeastern Bangladesh: A preliminary evaluation on the basis of a 4

year study. J. Environ. Sci. Health, Part A 46(11): 1177-1184.

Bhattacharya, P., Welch, A.H., Stollenwerk, K.G., McLaughlin, M.J., Bundschuh, J. & Panaullah,

G. (2007) Arsenic in the Environment: Biology and Chemistry.Sc. of the Total Environ. 379:

109-120.

Bhattacharya, P., Welch, A.H., Ahmed, K.M., Jacks, G. & Naidu, R. (2004) Arsenic in

Groundwater of Sedimentary Aquifers Appl. Geochem. 19(2): 163-167.

2. Peer-reviewed conference contributions Ramanathan, AL, Kumar, A. & Bhattacharya, P. (2011) Arsenic contamination factors assesment

in the Middle Gangetic Plain using water quality and sediment speciation analysis. Geol. Soc.

Amer., Abstracts with Programs, 43(5): p. 338.

Mahanta, C., Sailo, L. & Bhattacharya, P. (2011) Sorption kinetics and surface complexation as

factors controlling release and mobilization of arsenic in parts of the Brahmaputra floodplains,

northeastern India: Geol. Soc. Amer., Abstracts with Programs, 43(5): p. 339.

Chatterjee, D., Kundu, A.K., Biswas, A., Halder, D., Bhattacharya, P., Bhowmick, S. &

Majumder, S. (2011) Arsenic in groundwater of young Bengal Delta sediment: its distribution

and geochemistry in shallow aquifer. Geol. Soc. Amer., Abstracts with Programs, 43(5): p.

339.

Jacks, K.G., Slejkovec, Z., Nilsson, E. & Bhattacharya, P. (2011) Arsenic in streams and lakes in

northern Sweden. Geol. Soc. Amer., Abstracts with Programs, 43(5): p. 339.

3. Review articles, book chapters, books

Book Chapters

Bhattacharya, P., Jacks, G., Nath, B., Chatterjee, D., Biswas, A., Halder, D., Majumder, S.,

Bhowmick, S. & Ramanathan, AL. (2010) Natural arsenic in coastal groundwaters in the

Bengal Delta Region in West Bengal, India. In: AL Ramanathan, P. Bhattacharya,T. Dittmar,

M.B.K. Prasad & B. Neupane (eds)Management and Sustainable Development of Coastal Zone

Environments. Springer/Capital Publishing Company, Dordrecht, The Netherlands/New Delhi,

India, pp. 146-161. (ISBN 978-90-481-3067-2).

Bundschuh, J., Litter, M.I., Bhattacharya, P. & Hoinkis, J. (2010) The global arsenic crisis—a

short introduction. In: N. Kabay, J. Bundschuh, B. Hendry, M. Bryjak, K. Yoshizuka, P.

Bhattacharya & S. Anac (eds.) The Global Arsenic Problem: Challenges for Safe Water

Production. Interdisciplinary Book Series: Arsenic in the Environment Volume 1, J.

Bundschuh & P. Bhattacharya (Series Editors), CRC Press/Balkema, Leiden, The Netherlands,

pp. 3-19. ISBN-13: 978-0-415-57521-8.

Bhattacharya, P., Bundschuh, J., von Brömssen, M., Hossain, M., Ahmed, K. M., Hoinkis, J. &

Litter, M. (2010) Arsenic contamination in groundwaters in Bangladesh and options of

sustainable drinking water supplies. In: N. Kabay, J. Bundschuh, B. Hendry, M. Bryjak, K.

Yoshizuka, P. Bhattacharya & S. Anac (eds.) The Global Arsenic Problem: Challenges for Safe

Water Production. Interdisciplinary Book Series: Arsenic in the Environment Volume 2, J.

Bundschuh & P. Bhattacharya (Series Editors), CRC Press/Balkema, Leiden, The Netherlands,

pp. 21-35. ISBN-13: 978-0-415-57521-8.


67

Dabrowska, B., Vithanage, M., Gunaratna, K.R., Mukherjee, A.B. & Bhattacharya, P. (2012)

Bioremediation of arsenic in contaminated terrestrial and aquatic environment: A synoptic

review. In: Lichtfouse, E., Schwarzbauer, J. & Robert, D. (Eds.) Environmental Chemistry for

a Sustainable World: Volume 2: Remediation of Air and Water Pollution, Springer

Science+Business Media B.V., Dordrecht, The Netherlands. pp. 475-509.

Edited books

“The Global Arsenic Problem: Challenges for Safe Water Production”. N. Kabay, J. Bundschuh,

B. Hendry, M. Bryjak, K. Yoshizuka, P. Bhattacharya & S. Anac (eds.) Interdisciplinary Book

Series: “Arsenic in the Environment” Volume 1, Series Editors: Jochen Bundschuh and

Prosun Bhattacharya © 2010 CRC Press/Taylor and Francis (ISBN-13: 978-0-415-57521-8)

“Management and Sustainable Development of Coastal Zone Environments”.AL Ramanathan, P.

Bhattacharya, T. Dittmar, M.B.K. Prasad & B. Neupane (eds) © 2010 Springer/Capital

Publishing Company, Dordrecht, The Netherlands/New Delhi, India, ISBN 978-90-481-3067-

2, 277p.

“Arsenic in Geosphere and Human Diseases”. J.-S. Jean, J. Bundschuh & P. Bhattacharya

Interdisciplinary Book Series: “Arsenic in the Environment—Proceedings As 2010” Series

Editors: Jochen Bundschuh and Prosun Bhattacharya © 2010 CRC Press/Taylor and Francis

(ISBN-13: 978-0-415-57898-1)

“Arsenic in Geosphere and Human Diseases”. J.-S. Jean, J. Bundschuh & P. Bhattacharya

Interdisciplinary Book Series: “Arsenic in the Environment—Proceedings As 2010” Series

Editors: Jochen Bundschuh and Prosun Bhattacharya © 2010 CRC Press/Taylor and Francis

(ISBN-13: 978-0-415-57898-1)

Special Issues of Peer-reviewed journals

Guest Editor (The Science of the Total Environment) “Arsenic in Latin America, an unrevealed

continent: Occurrence, health effects and mitigation” Eds. Bundschuh, J., Litter, M. &

Bhattacharya, P.., July 2012 v. 429 (Special Section): 1-122.

Guest Editor (The Science of the Total Environment) “Arsenic in Latin America, an unrevealed

continent: Occurrence, health effects and mitigation” Eds. Bundschuh, J., Litter, M. &

Bhattacharya, P., July 2012 v. 429 (Special Section): 1-122.

Guest Editor (Journal of Hazardous Materials) “Arsenic Ecotoxicology: The Interface between

Geosphere, Hydrosphere and Biosphere” Eds. Bundschuh, J., Bhattacharya, P., Ng, J.,

Guilherme, L.R.G., Kim, K.-W., Naidu, R. & Jean, J.-S., November 2013, J. Hazard. Mat. v.

263 (Special Section): 883-1258.

4. Patents (give date and registration)

-

5. Open access computer programs that you have developed

-

6. Popular science articles/presentations

Nyteknik, 9th June 1999: Svenska forskare kan stoppa miljökatastrof: 70 miljoner människor i

Bangladesh dricker arsenikförgiftat vatten. featuring an interview with the applicant and the

KTH Arsenic Research Group by Per Westergård.

http://www.nyteknik.se/nyheter/innovation/forskning_utveckling/article4644.ece?service=print

Tidningen Vi, 22nd July 1999. När Djävulens Vatten Kom Ur Jorden. Featuring an interview and

reportage by Per Westergård. http://www.vi-tidningen.se/templates/ArticlePage.aspx?id=3344

Featured in the scientific documentary department of VRT, Belgium’s Dutch language public

broadcaster. Documentary on Natural arsenic poisoning in Bangladesh (December 2003)

Swedish Radio Program: Vetandets värld Arsenik i grund och botten transmitted in P1, SR, 16

February, 2005 on arsenic problem in groundwater of Bangladesh and Argentina.

http://www.sr.se/cgi-bin/isidorpub/PrinterFriendlyArticle.asp?ProgramID=412&artikel=558651

http://www.nyteknik.se/nyheter/innovation/forskning_utveckling/article4644.ece?service=print

http://www.vi-tidningen.se/templates/ArticlePage.aspx?id=3344

http://www.sr.se/cgi-bin/isidorpub/PrinterFriendlyArticle.asp?ProgramID=412&artikel=558651


68

TV-PROGRAM (Utbildningsradion UR): Vetenskap - Universum i provrör : Dödligt vatten

devised for Swedish University students in subject groups: Natural and Technical Sciences,

Medicine and Nursing and Chemistry. Produced by UR, 2006.

http://dmb.ur.se/mb/main?cmd=viewdetails&uri=http://www.ur.se/id/134021

http://dmb.ur.se/mb/main?cmd=viewdetails&uri=http://www.ur.se/id/134021


69

Selected PUBLICATIONS

Helfrid Schulte-Herbrüggen

1. Selected Peer-reviewed articles Rossiter HMA, Owusu PA, Awuah E, Macdonald AM, Schäfer AI. Chemical drinking water

quality in Ghana: water costs and scope for advanced treatment. Science of the Total

Environment 2010; 408: 2378-86.

Rossiter HMA, Graham MC, Schäfer AI. Impact of speciation on behaviour of uranium in a

solar powered membrane system for treatment of brackish groundwater.Separation and

Purification Technology 2010; 71: 89-96.

Semião AJC, Rossiter HMA, Schäfer AI. Impact of organic matter and speciation on the

behaviour of uranium in submerged ultrafiltration. Journal of Membrane Science 2010;

348: 174-180.

Schäfer AI, Rossiter HMA, Owusu PA, Richards BS, Awuah E. Physico-chemical water

quality in Ghana: Prospects for water supply technology implementation. Desalination

2009; 248: 193-203.

Richards LA, Richards BS, Rossiter HMA, Schäfer AI. Impact of speciation on fluoride,

arsenic and magnesium retention by nanofiltration/reverse osmosis in remote Australian

communities. Desalination 2009; 248: 177-183.Lakshmanan R, Rajarao G.K. 2014.

Effective water content reduction in sewage wastewater sludge using magnetic

nanoparticles. Bioresource Technol. 153: 333-339

2. Conference contributions

“Critical evaluation of available toxicity due to silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) in Indian

Sundarban mangrove wetland, a Unesco World Heritage Site”: Podium presentation at

University of Edinburgh Inaugural Conference Innovative Engagement for Sustainable

Development: the Edinburgh-India Story. (May 2014)

“Fluoride (F) metabolism and public health - a Question of DETAIL”, Bauru Dental

School, Brazil. Oral presentation: “Fluoride contaminated drinking water and its treatment”

(April 2014)

Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, Glasgow, UK: “Building a better

future: Responsible innovation and environmental protection”. Conference assistant (2013).

The 13th Nordic Filtration Symposium and Network Young Membranes 2010,

Lappeenranta University of Technology, Finland.Oral presentation.

Water and Sanitation in International Development and Disaster Relief, Edinburgh

University, UK. Actively involved in conference organization and gave poster

presentations (2008).


70

ENCLOSURE 6 BUDGET

Budget Head Description

Total (SEK) Annual budget first 5 years period

2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19 2019-20 2015-20

WRE-UDSM

I.1 Cost of PhD Curriculum Development PhD Curriculum Development 80,000 0 0 0 0 80,000

Sum I.1 (Cost of PhD Curriculum Development) 80,000 0 0 0 0 80,000

I.2 Cost of Training

I.2.1 Stipend for 4 PhD candidates in UDSM in Tanzania 60,000 60,000 60,000 60,000 60,000 300,000

I.2.2 Student Fees for 4 PhD students (Co-funding) 0 0 0 0 0 0

I.2.3 Allowances for visiting lecturers (from partner Swedish universities) 15,000 15,000 15,000 15,000 0 60,000

I.2.4 Funding for carrying out PhD and Masters projects

I.2.4.1 Consumables (e.g. chemicals, plastics, analysis kits, use of shared equipment, literature)

I.2.4.1.1 Gas for ICP-OES, TOC and IC: argon, nitrogen, helium, oxygen gas 50,000 100,000 120,000 120,000 50,000 440,000

I.2.4.1.2 Fluoride electrodes (5) 88,000 0 32,000 0 0 120,000

I.2.4.1.3 Field consumables (0,45µm filters (Sartorius) 15,000 15,000 15,000 15,000 0 60,000

I.2.4.1.4 As-speciation cartridges 15,000 15,000 15,000 15,000 0 60,000

I.2.4.1.5 Arsenic Field Test Kit 30,000 20,000 20,000 20,000 0 90,000

I.2.4.1.6 Consumables for other equipment 20,000 50,000 50,000 50,000 10,000 180,000

I.2.4.1.7 Chemical reagents, CDTA 30,000 75,000 75,000 60,000 20,000 260,000

I.2.4.1.8 Sampling bottles and labwares 30,000 50,000 50,000 35,000 10,000 175,000

I.2.4.1.9 Other small items (Glass bottles, vials, cold boxes, glove boxes etc.) 20,000 25,000 25,000 25,000 10,000 105,000

I.2.4.1.10 Certified Reference materials (Water and sediments) 0 30,000 20,000 0 0 50,000

I.2.4.1.11 Raw materials for lab and field tests and pilot plants 20,000 100,000 100,000 100,000 10,000 330,000

I.2.4.1.12 Membrane UP005P and UP010P 100,000 100,000 0 0 200,000

I.2.4.1.13 Stable Isotopes, Tracer tests 0 80,000 50,000 50,000 0 180,000

I.2.4.1.14 Desktop 5 data storage backup system etc 50,000 0 0 0 0 50,000

I.2.4.1.15 Softwares (ArcGIS, ILWIS, Aquachem, Surfer) 25,000 15,000 10,000 0 0 50,000


72

I.2.4.1.16 Maps and Topographical shape 20,000 20,000 0 0 0 40,000

I.2.4.1.17 Google Earth Pro 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 50,000

I.2.4.1.18 Office materials 30,000 30,000 30,000 30,000 30,000 150,000

Sum of I.2.4.1 (Consumables) 553,000 635,000 722,000 530,000 150,000 2,590,000

I.2.4.2 Cost of field work (costs for local allowances and local travel in accordance with documented regulation of UDSM)

I.2.4.2.1 Field Vehicle 660,000 0 0 0 0 660,000

I.2.4.2.2 Drivers salary 51,780 51,780 51,780 51,780 51,780 258,900

I.2.4.2.3 Fuel costs 60,000 60,000 60,000 60,000 60,000 300,000

I.2.4.2.4 Field costs and lodging (Hotel etc.) including students, staff and local field assistants, communication 130,000 175,000 175,000 175,000 100,000 755,000

Sum of I.2.4.2 (Cost of Field Work) 901,780 286,780 286,780 286,780 211,780 1,973,900

I.2.4.3 Cost of Publications

I.2.4.3.1 Fee for open acesss publication 0 54,000 72,000 54,000 54,000 234,000

I.2.4.3.2 Conference Abstract Submissions 1,000 3,000 5,000 5,000 4,000 18,000

Sum of I.2.4.3 (Cost of Publications) 1,000 57,000 77,000 59,000 58,000 252,000

Total I.2 (Cost of Training) 1,530,780 1,053,780 1,160,780 950,780 479,780 5,175,900

I.3. Allowances and per Diem

I.3.1 Allowances and per diem for UDSM PI and co-PI for field work 30000 36000 36000 36000 36000 174,000

I.3.2 Allowances and per diem for UDSM PhD students for field work 36000 36000 36000 36000 0 144,000

I.3.3 Allowances and per diem for UDSM PI and co-PI for meetings at KTH and conferences 16,800 33,600 33,600 33,600 33,600 151,200

Total I.3 (Allowances and per diem PI-Co-PI and MSc Students) 82,800 105,600 105,600 105,600 69,600 469,200

I.4. Costs related to research supporting components

I.4.1 Cost of annual planning meeting (as part of this project component) 20,000 20,000 20,000 20,000 20,000 100,000

I.4.2 Equipment

I.4.2.1 ICP-OES Thermo Fisher iCAP 6300 720,000 0 0 0 0 720,000

I.4.2.2 Total Organic Carbon analyser 240,000 0 0 0 0 240,000


73

I.4.2.3 Dionex Ion Chromatograph 200 250,000 0 0 0 0 250,000

I.4.2.4 Programmable Furnace for calcination 0 100,000 0 0 0 100,000

I.4.2.5 Grinding equipment (Ball mill) 0 50,000 0 0 0 50,000

Sum I.4.2 (Equipment) 1,210,000 150,000 0 0 0 1,360,000

I.4.3 Maintenance

I.4.3.1 Service Contract on ICP 0 0 85,000 0 0 85,000

I.4.3.2 Consumables ICP-OES (tubings, nebulizer etc.), TOC, and Dionex IC (columns and guard) 0 24,000 57,000 24,000 10,000 115,000

I.4.3.3 Service Contract on ICP-OES, TOC and Dionex IC 0 0 85,000 50,000 0 135,000

I.4.3.4 Upgading the laboratory facilities at WRE and Gordoto Defluoridisation Research Station (See section 2.1 of project description)

20,000 0 0 0 0 20,000

Sum I.4.3 (Maintainance) 20,000 24,000 227,000 74,000 10,000 355,000

I.4.5 Training

I.4.5.1 Short courses-Membrane science and technology, scientific writing skills, and Grant writing 15,000 15,000 15,000 10,000 0 55,000

I.4.5.2 Operations and maintainance of laboratory equipments, Technician Training 25,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 65,000

Sum I.4.5 (Training) 40,000 25,000 25,000 20,000 10,000 120,000

Sum I.4. (Costs related to research supporting components) 1,290,000 219,000 272,000 114,000 40,000 1,935,000

I.5. Cost of travel abroad

I.5.1 Airfare

I.5.1.1 Airfare (Dar es Salaam-Stockholm, PhD students, once a year), 4 years, and conferences 32,000 32,000 44,000 44,000 38,000 190,000

I.5.1.2 Airfare (Dar es Salaam-Stockholm, PI and Co PI, once per year and for PhD Defense 16,000 16,000 16,000 16,000 16,000 80,000

I.5.1.3 Airfare (fromDar es Salaam-, PI and Co PI, once per year for conference participation 15,000 15,000 15,000 15,000 15,000 75,000

Sum I.5.1 (Airfare) 63,000 63,000 75,000 75,000 69,000 345,000

I.5.2 Insurance

I.5.2.1 Insurance 4 PhD students, once a year, 4 years 10000 10000 10000 10000 10000 50000

I.5.2.2 Insurance PI and Co-PI from UDSM 4000 4000 4000 4000 4000 20000

Sum I.5.2 (Insurance) 14,000 14,000 14,000 14,000 14,000 70,000

I.5.3 Visa


74

I.5.3.1 Visa PhD students, once a year, 4 years 4000 4000 4000 4000 4000 20000

I.5.3.2 Visa PI and Co-PI from UDSM 0 2000 2000 2000 2000 8000

Sum I.5.3 (Visa) 4,000 6,000 6,000 6,000 6,000 28,000

Sum I.5 (Costs of travel abroad) 81,000 83,000 95,000 95,000 89,000 443,000

I.6 Indirect Costs for carrying out the programme

I.6. Indirect costs-UDSM Overhead 367,750 175,366 196,006 151,846 81,406 972,372

GRAND TOTAL UDSM (SEK) 3,432,330 1,636,746 1,829,386 1,417,226 759,786 9,075,472

II. KTH Royal Institute of Technology (Costs for “sandwich” doctoral training in Sweden)

II.1 Supervision in Sweden

II.1.1 Salary Costs 700,000 700,000 700,000 700,000 700,000 3,500,000

II.1.2 Visits to WRE-UDSM 100,000 100,000 100,000 100,000 100,000 500,000

Sum of II.1 (Supervision in Sweden) 800,000 800,000 800,000 800,000 800,000 4,000,000

II.2 Cost per student while in Sweden 200,000 200,000 200,000 200,000 200,000 1,000,000

GRAND TOTAL KTH (SEK) 1,000,000 1,000,000 1,000,000 1,000,000 1,000,000 5,000,000

III. ISP Budget (Subsistence allowance for 4 sandwich PhD Students)

Subsistence allowance for 4 PhD candidates in Sweden (ISP) 384,000 384,000 384,000 384,000 384,000 1,920,000

GRAND TOTAL ISP (SEK) 384,000 384,000 384,000 384,000 384,000 1,920,000

GRANT REQUESTED FROM Sida (SEK) 4,817,000 3,021,000 3,213,000 2,801,226 2,801,000 15,996,000

Project number: 2235

Development of affordable adsorbent systems for arsenic

and fluoride removal in the drinking water sources in

Tanzania (DAFWAT)

Budget justification The total budget for the program is estimated to be 16 M SEK for years between 2015 and

2020. The Department of Water Resources Engineering at the UDSM has a budget of 9.1

MSEK, Department of Sustainable Development, Environmental Science (SEED) at KTH has

a budget to cover the costs of research supervision and the sandwich students while in Sweden

amounting to 5M SEK and a budget of 1.92 MSEK for the International Science Program

(ISP) for the subsistence allowance for the 4 sandwich doctoral students when in Sweden.

Table 1. Summary budget for the project 2235:Development of affordable adsorbent

systems for arsenic and fluoride removal in the drinking water sources in Tanzania

(DAFWAT)

2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19 2019-20 2015-20

I WRE-UDSM

GRAND TOTAL UDSM (SEK) 3 432 300 1 636 700 1 829 400 1 417 200 759 800 9 075 400

II. KTH Royal Institute of Technology (Costs for “sandwich” doctoral training in Sweden)

GRAND TOTAL KTH (SEK) 1 000 000 1 000 000 1 000 000 1 000 000 1 000 000 5 000 000

III. ISP Budget (Subsistence allowance for 4 sandwich PhD Students)

GRAND TOTAL ISP (SEK) 384 000 384 000 384 000 384 000 384 000 1 920 000

GRANT REQUESTED FROM Sida (SEK) 4 816 300 3 020 700 3 213 400 2 801 200 2 143 800 15 995 400

Description Total (SEK)Annual budget first 5 years period

Budget Head

WRE-UDSM I.1 Curriculum Development The modest budget of 80 KSEK has been allocated for covering the costs for curriculum

development at WRE-UDSM, which includes the costs for 3 workshops training during

2015-2016.

I.2 Costs for Training 4 PhD students A budget of 5.18 MSEK has been allocated to cover the costs for training of PhD (and MSc

students) in this program during the period 2015-2020. The overall budget has been divided

into four headings and the costs are divided among five budget years depending on the

activities and the specific needs.This includes the costs related stipends to the candidates and a

budget of 300 KSEK to be incurred during their work at the WRE-UDSM, amounting to 60

KSEK per year.A budget of 60 KSEK is been proposed for the period 2015-2019 15 KSEK

per year to cover the costs of the visiting lecturers for the courses including the preparation of

lectures notes and handouts and compendium at WRE-UDSM. As part of the training, water

samples will be collected, both in the field, in pilot plants and during experiments for basic

water quality parameters and the analysis will be performed at UDSM and KTH. Pilot scale

defluoridation experiments will be performed in the Ngurdoto Defluoridisation Research

Station (NDRS) and accessories such as pumps, membranes and raw materials will be

procured.


76

The budget includes all the costs for the field work and the cost for equipment and the

travel.The requested funding for carrying out the PhD (and MSc) projects include, i)

consumables for the research activities, e.g. chemicals, plastics, analysis kits, use of shared

equipment, literature, argon, nitrogen, helium, oxygen gasfor ICP-OES, TOC and IC, tubing,

nebulizer spares for ICP-OES, Fluoride electrodes, field consumables such as 0,45µm filters,

As-speciation cartridges, consumables for other equipments, chemical reagents, CDTA,

bottles and labwares for sampling and preservation, cold boxes, glove boxes etc.). Certified

Reference materials (Water and sediments), raw materials for lab and field tests and pilot

plants, Membranes UP005P and UP010P, stable isotopes and tracer tests, 5 desktop

computers and data storage backup systems, softwares such as ArcGIS, ILWIS, Aquachem,

Surfer, maps and Topographical shape, Google Earth Pro and office materials (2.6 MSEK), ii)

costs of field work and following the suggestion of the reviewers, we have allocated budget

for a field vehicle and included the costs for the salary of the driver and fuel (1.22 MSEK)

which is cheaper than the envisaged hiring of field vehicles in the long run and costs for field

logistics and field assistants and communications (755 KSEK), iv) cost of publications

include fee for open access publication and conference abstracts amounting to 252 KSEK.

I.3. Allowances and per Diem A budget of 475 KSEK has been proposed for the allowances and per Diem. 225 KSEK (36

KSEK/year) has been allocated for the costs for allowances and per diem for UDSM PI and

co-PI for field work for a maximum period of 60 days/year, 144 KSEK (36 KSEK/year for the

period 2015-2020) towards allowances and per diem for UDSM PhD students for field work

for a maximum period of 90 days/year, and 151 KSEK towards the allowances and per diem

for UDSM PI and co-PI for meetings at KTH and presentation of the research results in

conferences.

I.4. Costs related to research supporting components The total budget for the costs related to the research support component is estimated to be

1.93 MSEK which includes cost of annual planning meetings for smooth execution of the

research training activities, we have a allocated a small budget of 20 KSEK to cover the cost

of annual planning meeting for this project component amounting to a total of 100 KSEK

during the period 2015-2020), procurements of equipment such as ICP-OES, Total Organic

Carbon analyser, Dionex Ion Chromatograph 200 for strengthening the research infrastructure

(1.21 MSEK) and other small laboratory equipments such as Programmable Furnace for

calcination and Grinding equipment budgeted for 2016-17 (150 KSEK) , maintenance,

including a Service Contracts and consumables such as tubings, nebulizer for ICP-OES and

TOC, and columns and guard for Dionex IC, costs for upgading the laboratory facilities at

WRE and field research station at Ngurdoto-Arusha amounting to a total sum of 355 KSEK.

The costs of training components including short courses-Membrane science and technology,

scientific writing skills, and Grant writing, as well as Technician training for Operations and

maintenance of laboratory equipments is budgeted for 120 KSEK.

I.5. Cost of travel abroad We have budgeted for Airfare (Dar es Salaam-Stockholm-Dar es Salaam) for 4 PhD students,

once a year), and attending conferences and a budget of 190 KSEK has been allocated for the

overall travels for the PhD students during the training period. Additionally as a bilateral visit

a sum of 16 KSEK per year is allocated for airfare between Dar es Salaam-Stockholm-Dar es

Salaam for the PI and Co PI and additional travel costs of maximum15 KSEK per year is

budgeted for participation for two people in international conferences. The total budget

including the costs for Visa and insurance, the total costs for travel abroad is 443 KSEK for

the entire project period.


77

I.6 Indirect Costs for carrying out the programme The Indirect costs include a flat rate of 12% of the total budget for UDSM as institutional cost

and amounts to 972 KSEK for the entire project period.

II. KTH Royal Institute of Technology (Costs for “sandwich”

doctoral training in Sweden) The budget for KTH includes the costs for project implementation through research

supervision in Sweden involving salary, visits to WRE-UDSM and cost per student while in

Sweden at the rate of 250 KSEK per doctoral students. We have budgeted for 4 PhD training

students for a budget of 5 MSEK for a period of 5 years.

III. ISP Budget (Subsistence allowance for 4 sandwich PhD

Students) The total budget for subsistence allowance for 4 PhD candidates in Sweden for ISP is 1.92

MSEK.


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ENCLOSURE 7


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ENCLOSURE 8

This group was not part of the previous SIDA supported

research at UDSM. Therefore, there is no ENCLOSURE 8.

development of affordable adsorbent systems (dafwat) felix

Documents