developing rapid tools for characterising biochar carbon stability steve kimber, andy cross, steve...
TRANSCRIPT
Developing rapid tools for characterising biochar carbon
stabilitySteve Kimber,
Andy Cross, Steve Morris, Stephen Joseph, Saran Sohi, Lukas Van Zwieten
Benefits of biochar ?
Long term carbon sequestration– Biochar carbon essentially “inert”
Possibility of “priming” for loss of native soil carbon– Reduction in or negation of benefit
Agronomic benefit– Changes in soil chemistry and biology
Dry and grind biochar (105°C, 0.5mm) Incubate
– Sterile quartz sand– Microbial inoculant and micronutrients– 65% water holding capacity– 30°C for 14 days
Trap and measure CO2 on soda lime
Sample preparation; labile vs stable carbon, UK Biochar centre
Biochars used in this study
Green waste biochar #
– 350°C– 450°C– 550°C
Chicken manure*– 450°C– 550°C
Oil mallee *– 450°C– 550°C
Wheat chaff *– 450°C– 550°C
# Biochars courtesy of Pacific Pyrolysis* Biochars courtesy of DAFF National biocharproject
Biochar properties
Biochar Total C Total N
Green waste 350 54 0.05
Green waste 450 73 0.16
Green waste 550 79 0.10
Chicken litter 450 50 1.56
Chicken litter 550 43 1.77
Oil Mallee 450 59 0.25
Oil Mallee 550 72 0.33
Wheat chaff 450 57 2.34
Wheat chaff 550 56 2.00
350 400 450 500 55040
45
50
55
60
65
70
75
80
Total CT
ota
l C
(%
)
Temperature
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5 Total N
To
tal
N (
%)
450 500 55040
45
50
55
60
65
70
75
80
Total C
To
tal
C (
%)
Temperature
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5 Total N
To
tal
N (
%)
OM 450 OM 55040
45
50
55
60
65
70
75
80
Total C
To
tal
C (
%)
Temperature
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
Total N
To
tal
N (
%)
WC 450 WC 55040
45
50
55
60
65
70
75
80
Total C
To
tal
C (
%)
Temperature
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5 Total N
To
tal
N (
%)
Green wastePoultry litter
Wheat chaff
Oil mallee
Labile carbon content of biochars
GW 350
GW 450
GW 550CM 450
CM 550
OM 450
OM 550
WC 450
WC 550
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.2L
ab
ile c
arb
on
%
Our capabilities and approach
EGA / MS
Thermal desorption / cryofocussing / GC-MS
Pyrolysis / cryofocussing / GC-MS
Pyrolyser – GC-MS
Frontier Laboratories’ 2020iD multi-function pyrolyzer
Sample preparation; Py-GC-MS
Mix Sub-sample Freeze dry Grind Sub-sample 3mg sample of biochar analysed
EGA
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900
0
2000000
4000000
6000000
8000000
10000000
Green Waste biochar 350 Green Waste biochar 450 Green Waste biochar 550
Re
lativ
e r
esp
on
se
EGA Temperature (C)
EGA
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900
0
1000000
2000000
3000000
4000000
5000000
6000000
Chicken Manure 450 Chicken Manure 550
Re
lativ
e r
esp
on
se
EGA Temperature
EGA
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900
0
1000000
2000000
3000000
4000000
5000000
6000000
7000000
Oil Mallee 450 Oil Mallee 550
Re
lativ
e r
esp
on
se
EGA Temperature (C)
EGA
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900
0
1000000
2000000
3000000
4000000
5000000
6000000
7000000
Wheat Chaff biochar 450 Wheat Chaff biochar 550
Re
lativ
e r
esp
on
se
EGA Temperature (C)
2.00 4.00 6.00 8.00 10.00 12.00 14.00 16.00 18.00 20.00 22.00 24.00
1000000
2000000
3000000
4000000
5000000
6000000
7000000
Time-->
Abundance
TIC: 1.D
2.00 4.00 6.00 8.00 10.00 12.00 14.00 16.00 18.00 20.00 22.00 24.00
1000000
2000000
3000000
4000000
5000000
6000000
7000000
Time-->
Abundance
TIC: 3.D
2.00 4.00 6.00 8.00 10.00 12.00 14.00 16.00 18.00 20.00 22.00 24.00
1000000
2000000
3000000
4000000
5000000
6000000
7000000
Time-->
Abundance
TIC: 5.D
Green waste; Thermal desorption
350
450
550
Chicken litter; Thermal desorption
2.00 4.00 6.00 8.00 10.00 12.00 14.00 16.00 18.00 20.00 22.00 24.00
1000000
2000000
3000000
4000000
5000000
6000000
7000000
Time-->
Abundance
TIC: 7.D
2.00 4.00 6.00 8.00 10.00 12.00 14.00 16.00 18.00 20.00 22.00 24.00
1000000
2000000
3000000
4000000
5000000
6000000
7000000
Time-->
Abundance
TIC: 9.D
450
550
Oil Mallee; Thermal desorption
2.00 4.00 6.00 8.00 10.00 12.00 14.00 16.00 18.00 20.00 22.00 24.00
1000000
2000000
3000000
4000000
5000000
6000000
7000000
Time-->
Abundance
TIC: 11.D
2.00 4.00 6.00 8.00 10.00 12.00 14.00 16.00 18.00 20.00 22.00 24.00
1000000
2000000
3000000
4000000
5000000
6000000
7000000
Time-->
Abundance
TIC: 13.D
450
550
Wheat Chaff; Thermal desorption
2.00 4.00 6.00 8.00 10.00 12.00 14.00 16.00 18.00 20.00 22.00 24.00
1000000
2000000
3000000
4000000
5000000
6000000
7000000
Time-->
Abundance
TIC: 15.D
2.00 4.00 6.00 8.00 10.00 12.00 14.00 16.00 18.00 20.00 22.00 24.00
1000000
2000000
3000000
4000000
5000000
6000000
7000000
Time-->
Abundance
TIC: 17.D
450
550
2.00 4.00 6.00 8.00 10.00 12.00 14.00 16.00 18.00 20.00 22.00 24.00
1000000
2000000
3000000
4000000
5000000
6000000
7000000
Time-->
Abundance
TIC: 2.D
2.00 4.00 6.00 8.00 10.00 12.00 14.00 16.00 18.00 20.00 22.00 24.00
1000000
2000000
3000000
4000000
5000000
6000000
7000000
Time-->
Abundance
TIC: 4.D
2.00 4.00 6.00 8.00 10.00 12.00 14.00 16.00 18.00 20.00 22.00 24.00
1000000
2000000
3000000
4000000
5000000
6000000
7000000
Time-->
Abundance
TIC: 6.D
Green waste; Pyrolysis
Chicken litter; Pyrolysis
2.00 4.00 6.00 8.00 10.00 12.00 14.00 16.00 18.00 20.00 22.00 24.00
1000000
2000000
3000000
4000000
5000000
6000000
7000000
Time-->
Abundance
TIC: 8.D
2.00 4.00 6.00 8.00 10.00 12.00 14.00 16.00 18.00 20.00 22.00 24.00
1000000
2000000
3000000
4000000
5000000
6000000
7000000
Time-->
Abundance
TIC: 10.D
2.00 4.00 6.00 8.00 10.00 12.00 14.00 16.00 18.00 20.00 22.00 24.00
1000000
2000000
3000000
4000000
5000000
6000000
7000000
Time-->
Abundance
TIC: 12.D
2.00 4.00 6.00 8.00 10.00 12.00 14.00 16.00 18.00 20.00 22.00 24.00
1000000
2000000
3000000
4000000
5000000
6000000
7000000
Time-->
Abundance
TIC: 14.D
Oil mallee; Pyrolysis
Wheat chaff; Pyrolysis
2.00 4.00 6.00 8.00 10.00 12.00 14.00 16.00 18.00 20.00 22.00 24.00
1000000
2000000
3000000
4000000
5000000
6000000
7000000
Time-->
Abundance
TIC: 16.D
2.00 4.00 6.00 8.00 10.00 12.00 14.00 16.00 18.00 20.00 22.00 24.00
1000000
2000000
3000000
4000000
5000000
6000000
7000000
Time-->
Abundance
TIC: 16.D