developing national action plans and national communications procedures -p rinciples -criteria
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EPEM S.A. Developing National Action Plans and National Communications Procedures -P rinciples -Criteria. Anastasia Sitara. Structure of the presentation. Obligations of the Non – Annex I parties Steps towards the elaboration of the National Action Plan and the National Communication - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Developing National Action Plans Developing National Action Plans and National Communicationsand National Communications
Procedures -Principles -Criteria
Anastasia Sitara
EPEM S.A.
Structure of the presentation
Obligations of the Non – Annex I parties Steps towards the elaboration of the
National Action Plan and the National Communication
Principles and criteria for the selection of GHG emissions reduction measures
The Greek experience
Reporting obligations of all Parties
Article 4.1 of the UNFCCC: “all parties are required to develop,
periodically update and make available to the Conference of the Parties, in accordance with Article 12, national inventories of anthropogenic emissions by sources and removals by sinks of all GHG not controlled by the Montreal Protocol, using comparable methodologies to be agreed upon by the Conference of the Parties”
Reporting obligations of Non Annex I
countries
Article 12.1 of the UNFCCC:“Each Non Annex I country should communicate to the COP:
A national inventory of anthropogenic emissions and removals by the sinks
A general description of the steps taken or envisaged to implement the Convention
Any other information that the Party considers relevant…”
Timing of reporting
Initial NC: 3 years from the time of entry into force of the Convention (or subject to the availability of financial resources)
Entry into force of the Convention: 90th day after the date of deposit of the instrument of ratification, acceptance, approval or accession
Steps for developing the NC
Establishing a National Climate Committee
Establishing a Project Steering Committee
Creating a Climate Change Team Developing work plan
National Climate Committee - Members
President’s/ Prime Minister’s Office Ministry of Environment Ministry of Forestry Ministry of Energy Ministry of Agriculture Ministry of Industry Ministry of Science & Technology Meteorology Department Ministry of Foreign Affairs Ministry of Finance and Planning NGO for environment Private sector associations
National Climate Committee - Responsibilities
Overseeing of the National Policy and the implementation of the FCCC
Overseeing of all the climate change related projects, programs and research activities
Ensuring the consistence of the climate change policies and the national development priorities
Ensuring the information of all the stakeholders Developing the negotiating positions and strategies
for the Country Reviewing and finalizing the various components of
the NC
Project Work plan
Development of Greenhouse Gas Emission Inventory
Greenhouse Gas Abatement Analysis Vulnerability and adaptation
assessment Initial National Communication
Development of GHG emission inventory
Training Identification of data gaps Review and adaptation of existing
methodologies Establishment of data collection and
management system Preparation and circulation of draft inventory National consultation workshop Finalisation of inventory
Greenhouse Gas Abatement Analysis
Training Development of baseline scenario Evaluation of GHG abatement options Finalisation of GHG abatement analysis Draft National Action Plan National consultation workshop Finalisation of National Action Plan for abatement Formulation of programmes and policy
frameworks for implementing the response measures
Vulnerability and Adaptation Assessment
Review and adaptation of existing methods
Vulnerability assessment Identification of adaptation options Evaluation of adaptation options National consultation workshop Finalisation of National Action Plan for
adaptation
Initial National Communication
Preparation of the draft initial National Communication
Circulation of the draft NC Finalisation of the draft NC Submission of the draft NC to national
government Finalisation, translation and publication of the
NC Submission of the initial NC to the UNFCC
Secretariat
Yugoslavian inventory - Methodology
Emissions Direct Greenhouse Gases: CO2, CH4, N2O F-Gases: HFC, PFC, SF6
GHG precursors: NOX, CO, NMVOC SO2
Activity sectors Energy: For the Base Year 1990 Industrial Processes: For the period 1990 – 1998 Solvents and Other Product Use: For the period 1990 – 1998 Agriculture: For the period 1990 - 1998 Land Use Change and Forestry: For the period 1990 – 1998 Waste: For the period 1990 – 1998
IPCC Methodology has been used for Energy, Agriculture, Land Use Change and Forestry, Waste
CORINAIR Methodology has been used for Industrial Processes, Solvents and Other Product Use
Greenhouse Gas Emissions in the Base Year
Energy92.32%
Solvent and Other Product
Use0.06%
Industrial Processes
7.62%
Total CO2 emissions: 72624 kt CO2
Industrial Processes
0.06%
Land-Use Change and
Forestry0.03%
Waste15.31%
Energy38.79%
Agriculture45.82%
Total CH4 emissions: 480 kt CH4
Energy1.12%
Industrial Processes
12.22%Agriculture
86.66%
Total N2O emissions: 68 kt N2O
Energy Sector
Oil0.37%
Venting Flaring0.51%
Natural Gas47.85%
Coal Mining51.27%
Commercial Residential Agriculture
17.64%
Manufacturing Industries
3.77%
Transport12.71%
Other 1.44%
Energy Industries64.43%
CO2 Emissions from Fuel Combustion Total emissions:
67049 kt CO2
CH4 Fugitive Emissions
Total emissions: 161 kt CH4
Industrial Processes
Chemical Industry 4.85%
Mineral Products35.18%
Metal Production
59.98%
CO2 Emissions from Industrial Processes
Total Emissions in Base Year: 5534 kt CO2
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998
CO
2 E
mis
sion
s (k
t)
Mineral Products Chemical Industry Metal Production
Agriculture
0
40
80
120
160
200
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998
CH
4 E
mis
sion
s (k
t)
Enteric Fermentation Manure Management
Field Burning of Agricultural Residues
CH4 Emissions from Agriculture
Total Emissions in Base Year: 220 kt CH4
N2O Emissions from Agriculture
Total Emissions in Base Year: 59 kt N2O
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998
N2O
Em
issi
ons
(kt)
Manure Management Agricultural Soils
Field Burning of Agricultural Residues
Land Use Change and Forestry
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998C
O2
(kt)
Emissions Removals Net
CO2 Emissions and Removals
Net Removals in Base Year: 5461 kt CO2
Waste
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998
CH
4 E
mis
sion
s (k
t)
CH4 Emissions from Disposal of Solid Wastes
Total Emissions in Base Year: 73 kt CH4
Projections for Yugoslavia
The energy network has been modeled in the ENPEP software package
The final sectors are : 1.Industry 2.Transport 3.Domestic (Residential, Tertiary, Agriculture) 4.District Heating
All the final demand sectors have been modeled in a very aggregated way without including specific energy uses (e.g. lighting, boilers)
Basic assumptions / average annual growth rate 2000-2010 2010-2020
GDP 5.3% 6.4% Population 0.02% 0.02%
Primary Energy Consumption for the baseline scenario (Mtoe)
1997 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 Solid Fuels
9.12 7.18 8.86 10.38 11.14 13.33
Liquid Fuels
3.54 2.79 3.23 3.54 4.36 5.29
Gaseous Fuels
2.61 0.75 3.88 4.21 4.63 5.20
RES 4.32 3.07 2.93 3.55 4.29 5.01 Total 19.60 13.79 18.90 21.67 24.42 28.83
Mean Annual Rate : 1.7%
Primary Energy Consumption for the baseline scenario (Mtoe)
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
30000
35000
1997 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020
ktoe
Solid Fuel Liquid Fuel Gaseous Fuel RES
Electricity Generation by fuel for the baseline scenario (ktoe)
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
1997 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020
ktoe
lignite natural gas hydro
Final Energy Consumption for the baseline scenario (Mtoe)
1997 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020
Total 12.19 7.47 11.54 13.79 16.27 19.53 Per Sector
Industry 2.46 2.08 2.69 3.50 4.44 5.74 Transport 1.20 0.86 1.18 1.71 2.29 3.05 Domestic 6.28 4.48 4.66 5.58 6.54 7.74
District Heating
2.27 0.05 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00
Per Fuel Solid Fuel 0.13 0.23 0.20 0.25 0.30 0.37
Liquid Fuel 3.12 1.73 2.13 3.05 4.05 5.41 Gaseous Fuel 2.61 0.75 3.88 4.21 4.63 5.20
Electricity 2.95 2.65 3.41 3.91 4.46 5.10 RES 3.38 2.11 1.91 2.37 2.83 3.44
Final Energy Consumption for the baseline scenario (Mtoe)
Distribution per sector
0
5
10
15
20
25
1997 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020
Mtoe
Transport District Heating Industry Domestic
Projections of CO2 emissions per sector (Mt)
Sector 1997 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 Electric Power 38.32 35.58 44.27 51.78 52.96 59.38
Industry 3.55 2.80 3.75 5.33 7.15 9.68 Transport 3.27 2.35 3.25 4.73 6.36 8.50 Domestic 3.62 2.77 2.46 3.17 3.96 5.06
District Heating
5.29 0.12 7.01 7.01 7.01 7.01
Refineries/ Extractions
0.59 0.40 0.46 0.46 0.46 0.46
Total Emissions
54.64 44.01 61.19 72.48 77.91 90.09
Projections of CO2 emissions per sector (Mt)
0
20
40
60
80
100
1997 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020
Mt
Electricity Industry Transport
Domestic District Heating Refineries/Extraction
GHG emissions mitigation options
Building sector Transport sector Industry sector Agricultural sector Waste management sector Energy supply sector
Mitigation options in the building sector
Improvement of energy efficiency Lighting Air conditioning Appliances Space heating Insulation
Passive solar design Integrated building design Fuel switching
Mitigation options in the transport sector
Improvement of energy efficiency of vehicles
Use of alternative fuel vehicles LPG Natural Gas Hydrogen Electricity Biofuels
Traffic and fleet management
Mitigation options in the industry sector
Improvement of energy efficiency Material efficiency improvement
Recycling More efficient product design Material substitution
Fuel switching
Mitigation options in the agricultural sector
Conservation tillage and reduction of land use intensity
Use of slow release fertilizers, organic manure etc (for N2O reduction)
Mitigation options in the waste management sector
Use of landfill gas for heat and electricity
Recycling of waste Use of waste as biofuel
Mitigation options in the Energy Supply sector
Use of low cost combined cycle turbines Development of Combined Heat and
Power Systems Development of RES Fuel switching
Measures to reduce GHG emissions
Technical Potential—The amount by which it is possible to reduce GHG emissions or improve energy efficiency by using a technology or practice in all applications in which it could technically be adopted, without consideration of its costs or practical feasibility.
Economic Potential—The portion of the technical potential for GHG emissions reductions or energy efficiency improvements that could be achieved cost-effectively in the absence of market barriers.
Market Potential—The portion of the economic potential for GHG emissions reductions or energy efficiency improvements that currently can be achieved under existing market conditions, assuming no new policies and measures.
Criteria for evaluation of measures
GHG and Other Environmental Considerations
GHG reduction potential (Tons of carbon equivalent)
Other environmental considerations Percentage change in emissions of other
gases/particulates Biodiversity, soil conservation, watershed
management, indoor air quality, etc.
Criteria for evaluation of measures (2)
Economic and Social Considerations Cost-effectiveness
Average and marginal costs Project-level considerations
Capital and operating costs, opportunity costs, incremental costs
Macro-economic considerations GDP, jobs created or lost, effects on inflation or interest
rates, implications for long-term development, foreign exchange and trade, other economic benefits or drawbacks
Equity considerations Differential impacts on countries, income groups or
future generations
Criteria for evaluation of measures (3)
Administrative, Institutional and Political Considerations
Administrative burden Institutional capabilities to undertake necessary
information collection, monitoring, enforcement, permitting, etc.
Political considerations Capacity to pass through political and bureaucratic
processes and sustain political support Consistency with other public policies
Replicability Adaptability to different geographical and socio-
economic-cultural settings
Policy measures
Energy or carbon taxes Tradable permit systems Standards (e.g. energy efficiency
standards)
The Greek NAP – an overview
Major potential Energy sector Building sector Restructuring of the chemical industry
Emission abatement potential (up to 2010) 17314 ktn CO2 – eq
Building and tertiary sector
Measure Emissions (ktn CO2 eq)
Improvement of the thermal behavior of the buildings 106
Maintenance / replacement of diesel heaters 191
Fans etc 57
Use of high efficiency equipment (air conditioning, appliances, light bulbs) 1874
Use of automated lighting systems 23
Solar collectors (water heating, space-water heating) 1302
Roof top photovoltaic systems 8
District heating (biomass) 318
Use of NG for space heating and cooling 188
TOTAL 4066
Transport sector
Measure Emissions (ktn CO2 eq)
Maintenance of private vehicles and LDT
76
Use of NG buses 2
Improvements of lights 58
Promotion of the use of public urban transportation means
461
Soft interventions
Promotion of biofuels 319
TOTAL 916
Energy sector
Measure Emissions (ktn CO2 eq)
Use of RES 4027 Wind energy 1850 Small hydro 1033 Central photovoltaic units 21 Geothermal energy 50 Biomass
Use of Natural gas 3350
Cogeneration with Natural Gas
222
TOTAL 7599
Industrial sector
Measure Emissions (ktn CO2 eq)
Use of natural gas 163
Use of solar energy 340
Use of biomass 46
Energy conservation 238
TOTAL 787
Policy measures
Law 2244/94 - promotion of RES Energy efficiency standards and energy
labeling Operational program of Energy
Operational Program for Development
Support for the investments in cogeneration, RES and energy conservation Dissemination of information actions Infrastructure development Financial incentives for private energy
investments Special support status
Voluntary agreements Third Party Financing
Total budget foreseen: 1071 million Euros
Operational Program for Development (2)
Support to private investments Access to Natural Gas
Connection of the Greek pipeline with the Italian and the Turkish
Reinforcement of the flexibility and the reliability of the Natural Gas system Upgrading of the LNG station in Revithousa Upgrading of the network Construction of reservoirs
Operational Program for Development (3)
Development of energy infrastructure for RES and small islands
Operation of the free energy market Penetration of NG in the households, the
tertiary sector, new industrial consumers and transport
Law for the development (2601/98)
Subsidies for investments and programs in the field of electricity production by RES by electricity production industries and other types of enterprises
Support to investments of RES exploitation and energy conservation