!!developing a seaweed species-selection index for successful culture in a seaweed-based integrated...

8/18/2019 !!Developing a Seaweed Species-selection Index for Successful Culture in a Seaweed-based Integrated Aquaculture System

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Yun Hee Kang and Ik Kyo Chung*

Marine Research Institute, Pusan National University

*Division of Earth Environment System, Pusan National University

[email protected]

DEVELOPING A SEAWEED SPECIESDEVELOPING A SEAWEED SPECIES--SELECTIONSELECTION

INDEX FOR SUCCESSFUL CULTUREINDEX FOR SUCCESSFUL CULTURE

IN A SEAWEEDIN A SEAWEED--BASED INTEGRATEDBASED INTEGRATED

AQUACULTURE SYSTEMAQUACULTURE SYSTEM

Ik Kyo Chu

ngPusan National Universit Korea


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Planktivores

shellfishfish

brine shrimp

zooplankton

FeedFeed SunSunlightlight

Plankton

microalgaebacteriaprotozoa Macroalgivores

abalonesea urchin

fish

Omnivoresfishsea cucumber

Macrophytes

seaweedaquatic plants

Fed organisms

fishshrimp

Nutrients

dissolved

sludge

Crop 3 Crop 3 ::

ExtractiveExtractiveanimals animals

Crop 2 Crop 2 ::Extractive Extractive

plants plants

Crop 1Crop 1::

fish / shrimp fish / shrimp

Neori and Yarish (2005)


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Background & ObjectBackground & Object

The ability of seaweed to rapidly take up nutrientsfor growth

Grow very well in high nutrient concentration(especially NH4+) as fish farm effluents Use of seaweeds as biofilters Species-selection model to select optimal species for

integrated multi-trophic aquaculture (IMTA) This model is modified the model of Short et al .

(2002)

To develop a seaweed species-selection indexfor successful culture in IMTA systems


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Parameters for this model

Economic value of seaweed Cultivation and application of IMTA Functional group Ammonium uptake rate

Physiological characteristics literature-based information, reference data, and physiological

seaweed experiments

Species-selection process Step I

Preliminary seaweed-integrated aquaculture suitability index (PSASI)

Step II Seaweed physiological experiments Seaweed-integrated aquaculture suitability index (SASI)

Step III

Calculating the seaweed-integrated aquaculture suitability index score


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Step I :Step I : Identification of potentialIdentification of potential

seaweed species and PSASI I ratingseaweed species and PSASI I rating

Parameter PSASI rating Reference

PSASI IEconomic value 1 for good FAO (2004)

2 for excellent Oh et al. (1990)

Cultivation 1 for field species FAO (2004)2 for candidate species

Seaweed-basedintegrated aquaculture

1 for not applied IMTA Troell et al. (2003)

2 for applied IMTAFunctional group 1 for filamentous or

thick blades andbranches

Littler and Arnold(1982)

2 for thin tubular orsheet like Littler et al. (1983)

Maximal score: 16


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Step II: Physiological characteristics

Seaweed cultivation :Green algae : Enteromorpha sp., Ulva pertusa Red algae : Grateloupia elliptica, Gracilaria incurvata,

Gracilariopsis chorda, Porphyra yezoensis Brown algae : Undaria pinnatifida, Ecklonia cava, Laminaria

japonica, Costaria costata

PSASI II experiment : ammonium uptake by seaweedsSASI experiments :

• Parameters: • NH4

+ removal efficiency, tissue N content,photosynthetic activity and chlorophyll a content forwater temperature treatment

• Conditions :• NH4

+concentration ≤150mM (finfish effluent) / Light12:12h; L:D Temperature 10, 17 and 25˚C (seasonality) /Photosynthetic activity (using Diving-PAM) - maximalrETR and ΔF/Fm’


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Step II :Step II : Identification of potentialIdentification of potential

seaweed species and PSASI II rating.seaweed species and PSASI II rating.

Parameter PSASI rating Reference

PSASI II

NH4+ uptake rate

Vmax 1 for < 100 mmol g-1

DW h-1

Hanisak (1983)

2 for > 100 mmol g-1 DW h-1 Kraemer et al.(2004)

3 for > 200 mmol g-1 DW h-1

Km 1 for < 150 mMLobban & Harrison

(1994)

2 for > 150 mM

Maximal score: 6


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Parameter SASI rating Reference

N content 1 for < mean – 2SD or no data Hernández et al.2 for > mean – 2SD (2002)

Photosynthetic Activity

rETRmax 0 for < mean – 2SD1 for –2SD ~ mean ~ +2SD

2 for ≥≥≥≥ mean + 2SD

∆∆∆∆F/Fm’ 1 for < mean – 2SD2 for > mean – 2SD

Chlorophyll a 1 for < mean – SD Costanzo et al.

2 for ≥≥≥≥ mean – SD (2000)

Step II : The SASI score was calculated by multiplying

the SASI ratings (PSASI I ×××× PSASI II ×××× SASI data)Maximal score: 288


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ResultsResults PSASI I data and ratings:

Seaweed species characteristics suitable for application toIMTA

PSASI II data and ratings: Rates of ammonium uptake for seaweed

SASI data and ratings:

Effects of water temperature on physiological parametersof seaweeds

Optimal species for IMTA are those with SASI ≥≥≥≥16; those with a SASI < 16 would be reject. 10 oC : Porphyra > Ulva > Enteromorpha > Undaria > Gracilaria 17 oC : Ulva > Enteromorpha = Gracilaria > Porphyra > Undaria =

Laminaria

25 oC : Ulva > Enteromorpha


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The water temperature in the system must bemaintained at 10 oC to cultivate Porphyra .

Enteromorpha and Ulva are suitable to IMTAabove 17 oC . A species-selection model is considered to be a

useful means of selecting species applicable toIMTA. To reduce the cost and effort necessary for

sustainable aquaculture

This model provides scientists and practitionerswith a tool for the success of IMTA.

ConclusionsConclusions


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감사합니다감사합니다감사합니다감사합니다감사합니다감사합니다감사합니다감사합니다AcknowledgementsMOMAF & MTLM

Ik Kyo Chung Pusan National University , Korea


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Greenhouse Gas Emissions ReductionGreenhouse Gas Emissions Reduction

Using SeaweedsUsing Seaweeds

KOREAKOREAKOREAKOREAKOREAKOREAKOREAKOREA


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E c o s y s t e

m S er vi c e s

E c o s y s t e

m S er vi c e s

E c o s y s t e

m S er vi c e s

C ar b on c

a p t ur e

M ar i n eB

i oI n d u s t r y

C ar b on c

a p t ur e

C ar b on c

a p t ur e

M ar i n eB

i oI n d u s t r y

M ar i n eB

i oI n d u s t r y

SeaweedSeaweedCDM BeltCDM Belt

KelpKelpForestForest

MarineMarineFarmFarm

Coastal CO2 Removal BeltCoastal COCoastal CO22 Removal BeltRemoval Belt

SinkSinkSink

SEAWEEDSEAWEEDSEAWEED

CO2COCO22

CO2COCO22

CO2COCO22

CO2COCO22

CO2COCO22

CO2COCO22

CO2COCO22

CO2COCO22

CO2COCO22

CO2COCO22

CO2COCO22

CO2COCO22

> 10 ton CO> 10 ton CO22 haha--11··yryr--11

Water &Water &Other NutrientsOther Nutrients

SolarenergySolarSolarenergyenergy

Algal PaperBiofuel

Algal PaperAlgal PaperBiofuelBiofuel


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• Foods/Household Products

Food thickeningagents in ice creams,salad dressings

Algin ingredients insome breads, beers,puddings and more

Seaweed paper

Seaweed extracts insome herbs andvitamins

• Bio-fuel & Paper

• Personal Care Products Algin ingredients in makeup, soap,

toothpaste, and shampoo Seaweeds extracts in facial

masques, massage gels, and bathproducts

• Medicines

Seaweed ingredients in medicinesused to treat tuberculosis,arthritis, colds, influenza and otherinfections

Seaweed-derived agar, asubstance used in the culture ofbacteria and othermicroorganisms

Seaweed-derived agarose inchromatography to purify proteins,DNA, and other substances

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