developed by mary gutiérrez phillips tulsa community college nsf/ate award #0602744
TRANSCRIPT
Definition:
Biotechnology is the use of living organisms, their products or parts (such as protein, DNA or RNA) to make useful products.
• Examples: vaccines, genetically modified foods and animals, pharmaceuticals (drugs) such as insulin and growth hormone.
2. Is Biotechnology a new science?
Yes and No…
NO. Humans have been breeding crops and domesticating animals for thousands of years! (10,000 C.E. – 4,000 C.E.)
Yes. Since the discovery of DNA, biotechnology has involved the use and manipulation of DNA, RNA and proteins for the development of genetically modified foods, animals, vaccines and other drugs.
The microscope is discovered. Leeuwenhoek describes protozoa and bacteria.
Cell Theory
1838-1839 Matthias Schleiden and Theodor Schawnn state: Plants and animals are made up of cells.
1855 Rudolph Virchow states: cells come from cells.
1863 Gregor Mendel discovers principles of how traits are passed from parents to offspring.
1859 Charles Darwin writes “The Origin of Species” and proposes the Theory of Evolution.
1861 Louis Pasteur proposes the “Germ Theory,” pasteurization and discovers the rabies vaccine (1885).
1917 – the first time the word “biotechnology” is used.
1928 - Alexander Fleming discovers the antibiotic penicillin – a mold.
1944 - Avery, MacLeod and McCarty discover DNA is the genetic material.
1915 –Thomas Hunt Morgan studied fruit flies and proposed that chromosomes carry genes.
Stanley Cohen and Herbert BoyerCut and paste bacteria and human genes
DNA - Recombinant DNA Science
http://inventors.about.com/gi/dynamic/offsite.htm?site=http://web.mit.edu/invent/iow/boyercohen.html
U.S. Department of Energy Human Genome Program, http://www.ornl.gov/hgmis.
Word “nanotechnology” is coined by Norio Tanihuchi of Japan
Nano - means “dwarf”
the prefix nano means a billionth or 10-9
Tech- tools
ology- study of
Viruses are biological “nanobots.” They range in size between 20 – 200 nanometers.
http://www.swbic.org/
Definition:
Nanotechology manipulates atoms and molecules whose size range from 1-100 nanometers.
Special microscopes can see very small objects, molecules and atoms.
http://www.time.com/time/covers/0,16641,19770418,00.html
http://www.fotosearch.com/IMG015/42-16341203/
FDA approves the first genetically engineered vaccine -hepatitis B
Project launched to map all of the human chromosomes
Genetic Science Learning Center, University of Utah, permission for educational use http://gslc.genetics.utah.edu.
Bioinformatics: The use of computers, mathematical analysis and technology to study biological information.
Proteomics: The study of how proteins function in the body.
New Fields of Study Emerge
FDA approves first genetically modified food substance- a recombinant enzyme called chymosin made from genetically modified yeast. Chymosin is used for making cheese.
Rennet (natural) comes from suckling calves stomachs.
.
FDA approved first genetically modified food. The tomato was resistant to rotting and could ripen on the vine longer.
SOURCES: NCFAP (www.ncfap.rg/whatwedo/pdf/2004finalreport.pdf) USDA NASS (www.nass.usda.gov)
GE CornAcreage 2005 USDA NASS
52% of total crop
GE SoybeanAcreage 2005 USDA NASS
87% of total crop
GE CottonAcreage 2005 USDA NASS
76% of total crop
GE CanolaAcreage 2002 USDA ERS
75% of total crop
GE Squash(yellow straight and crookneck; zucchini) 2003 NCFAP
19% of total crop
GE PapayaAcreage 2003 NCFAP
46% of total crop
Hello DollyThe first animal cloned from an adult cell.
http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/sci/tech/1741559.stm
March 10, 1997
August 7, 2006
August 20, 2001
August 30, 2004
GloFish -first genetically modified pet. Just for fun!
http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2003/12/03/eveningnews/main586693.shtml
The zebra fish have a gene from jellyfish or coral that make them glow red, green or yellow.
FDA approves first vaccine against cancer.
The vaccine blocks several types of the HPV (human papillomavirus)
The virus causes genital warts
and causes over 70% of
cervical cancer.
Permission granted: http://rhino.bocklabs.wisc.edu/cgi-in/virusworld/virustable.pl?virusdata=hpv%2C+Human+papilloma+virus%2C+1L0T
3. Why is Biotechnology important?Biotech is important for many reasons:
U.S. 300,233,107
World 6,557,779,128
http://www.census.gov/ipc/www/world.html
1. Health care
2. Food and agricultural needs
3. Clean and safe water resources
4. Alternative fuels
Biotech is important for many reasons:
START EARLY
Education – sciences (biology, chemistry, microbiology, genetics biotechnology) , mathematics, business, computers.
Talk to teachers, counselors, people in the field, take special workshops, find out about shadowing or internships. Visit your community college!
Genetic testing, diseases organ transplants, vaccines, public health, epidemiologist, pharmaceutical development, fertility specialist,
Agriculture and wildlife- crop development, pesticide reduction, food safety, wildlife management, species protection, environment protection, clean water, waste management
Forensics and law, research how DNA and proteins function
Biotechnology and Fears
Improve Life or Destroy life?
November 13, 2006October 25, 2004
1. Biotechnology Learning Center Interactive Biotechnology Timelinehttp://www.childrensmuseum.org/biotech/timeline.htm
2. Access Excellence -Biotechnology 1977 to presenthttp://www.accessexcellence.org/RC/AB/BC/1977-Present.html
3. Interactive and animated timeline http://www.bio.org/speeches/pubs/er/timeline2.swf
4. Biotechnology Industry Organization Timeline
http://www.bio.org/speeches/pubs/er/timeline.asp
5. Biotechnology Timeline
http://www.abpischools.org.uk/resources/poster-series/biotech/timeline.asp
6. Biotechnology Institute Timeline
http://www.biotechinstitute.org/what_is/timeline.html7. Biotechnology Australia Biotechnology Timeline
http://www.biotechnologyonline.gov.au/foodag/timeline.cfmFood8. Monsanto Company – A Brief Biotech Timelinehttp://www.biotechknowledge.monsanto.com/biotech/bbasics.nsf/timeline.html?OpenPage9. North Carolina Biotechnology Center Timelinehttp://www.ncbiotech.org/resource_center/timeline.html10. Time Magazine Covers – Free archive http://www.time.com/time/coversearch/
References
11. Permission to use images for educational purposes:Virus image Cornelia Büchen-OsmondICTVdB Management, Columbia UniversityEmail: [email protected]
12. All Refer.com Reference -Genetic engineering of insulin graphic permission for educational purposes http://www.allrefer.com/disclaimer.html#1
13. Genetic Science Learning Center, University of Utah, permission for educational use http://gslc.genetics.utah.edu. (colorful chromosomes)
14. National Institute of Health – Stem Cell Information (Promise of Stem Cell diagram) http://stemcells.nih.gov/info/basics/defaultpage.asp
15. US Bureau Census – World Population Information - graphhttp://www.census.gov/ipc/www/world.html
16. Geek Philosopher royalty free photos (sheep, potato)http://geekphilosopher.com/MainPage/bkgVeg.htm
17. U.S. Department of Energy Human Genome Program http://www.ornl.gov/hgmis18. ArgenBio Spanish vocabulary and Timeline http://www.argenbio.org/h/lineat/index.php19. Man Receiving Injection 42-16341203 image100 Royalty Free Photograph
http://www.fotosearch.com/IMG015/42-16341203
20. NIH – stem cells Free image downlodas from NIH – stem cells http://stemcells.nih.gov/info/media/defaultpage.asp
21. Wikipedia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page