deterring misconducts in academia
TRANSCRIPT
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Halmar Halide @ physics unhas
DETERRING MISCONDUCT IN ACADEMIA*
Halmar Halide Physics Dept FMIPA Unhas
Validation, Reviewer and PAK [email protected]
* Workshop on Research Instrument and International Publication organized by Physics Study Program Held at Science Building FMIPA, Makassar, April 2nd 2014
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Halmar Halide @ physics unhas
•Background: more retractions and irreproducible papers, cost of misconducts
• Misconducts (MCs): Plagiarism, Self-plagiarism, salami/tempe pub., bogus Authorship, COI
•Avoidance & Detectors: software
•Unhas efforts against MCs: Self-Assessment & Declarations
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Halmar Halide @ physics unhas
Article withdrawal Policies and Formshttps://www.elsevier.com/about/publishing-guidelines/policies/article-withdrawal
Article Withdrawal: Only used for Articles in Press which represent early versions of articles and sometimes contain errors, or may have been accidentally submitted twice. Occasionally, but less frequently, the articles may represent infringements of professional ethical codes, such as multiple submission, bogus claims of authorship, plagiarism, fraudulent use of data or the like.
Article Retraction: Infringements of professional ethical codes, such as multiple submission, bogus claims of authorship, plagiarism, fraudulent use of data or the like. Occasionally a retraction will be used to correct errors in submission or publication.
Article Removal: Legal limitations upon the publisher, copyright holder or author(s).
Article Replacement: Identification of false or inaccurate data that, if acted upon, would pose a serious health risk.
…………the importance of the scholarly archive as a permanent, historic record of the transactions of scholarship. Articles that have been published shall remain extant, exact and unaltered as far as is possible. However, very occasionally circumstances may arise where an article is published that must later be retracted or even removed.
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Halmar Halide @ physics unhas
Misconduct-related retractions Increase….
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Halmar Halide @ physics unhas
Misconduct-related retractions Increase…(continued)
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Halmar Halide @ physics unhas
Irreproducible findings
Unfortunately, Amgen's findings are consistent with those of others in industry. A team at Bayer HealthCare in Germany last year reported4 that only about 25% of published preclinical studies could be validated to the point at which projects could continue.
Fifty-three papers were deemed 'landmark' studiesNevertheless, scientific findings were confirmed in only 6 (11%) cases.
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Halmar Halide @ physics unhas
http://www.ithenticate.com/resources/infographics/research-misconduct?...Cost of misconducts
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Halmar Halide @ physics unhas
original my modification
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Halmar Halide @ physics unhas
http://www.utm.utoronto.ca/academic-integrity/students
+ 1 q: his/her NOVELTY and ORIGINALITY
5 q’s
“5 + 1” CREED
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Halmar Halide @ physics unhas
Examples:
Trends:
http://www.utm.utoronto.ca/academic-integrity/students
•Forging, altering, or falsifying documents•Using, obtaining or possessing unauthorized aids or assistance•Impersonating another person or having somone impersonate you•Plagiarism – representing as one’s own any idea or expression of an idea or work of another without proper citation•Submitting, without instructor’s knowledge or consent, work that has been previously submitted in another course/program•Submitting work containing concocted/false references•Continuing to write after a test/examination is over
•Plagiarizing•Collaboration/unauthorized assistance•Purchasing work•Recycling work - "double-dipping"•Resubmitting of altered work for re-grading•Electronic devices (cell phones) or any unauthorized aids•Altering medical certificates and UofT documents
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Halmar Halide @ physics unhas
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Halmar Halide @ physics unhas
https://ori.hhs.gov/definition-misconduct
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Halmar Halide @ physics unhas
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Halmar Halide @ physics unhas
http://publicationethics.org/cases
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Halmar Halide @ physics unhas
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Halmar Halide @ physics unhas
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Halmar Halide @ physics unhas
http://blog.scielo.org/en/2013/11/11/ethical-editing-practices-and-the-problem-of-self-plagiarism/#.UzS8yM7rvtk
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Halmar Halide @ physics unhas
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Halmar Halide @ physics unhas
Bretag and Mahmud, 2009
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Halmar Halide @ physics unhas
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Halmar Halide @ physics unhas
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Halmar Halide @ physics unhas
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Halmar Halide @ physics unhas
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Halmar Halide @ physics unhas
http://www.icmje.org/recommendations/browse/roles-and-responsibilities/defining-the-role-of-authors-and-contributors.html
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Halmar Halide @ physics unhas
http://www.icmje.org/recommendations/browse/roles-and-responsibilities/defining-the-role-of-authors-and-contributors.html
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Halmar Halide @ physics unhas
http://mulford.meduohio.edu/instr/
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Halmar Halide @ physics unhas
http://archsurg.jamanetwork.com/public/instructionsForAuthors.aspx#SecDuplicatePreviousPublicationorSubmission
http://www.elsevier.com/journals/pharmacological-research/1043-6618/ guide-for-authors#5000
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Halmar Halide @ physics unhas
Updated October 2013
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Halmar Halide @ physics unhas
Updated October 2013
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Halmar Halide @ physics unhas
Updated October 2013
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Halmar Halide @ physics unhas
http://publicationethics.org/cases
fdc11166046-photo https://www.inmagine.com/searchterms/salami.html
http://www.123rf.com/stock-photo/tempe.html
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Halmar Halide @ physics unhas
http://www.biochemia-medica.com/2013/23/237
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Halmar Halide @ physics unhas
Updated October 2013
COI
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Halmar Halide @ physics unhas
http://blogs.nature.com/news/2012/12/is-the-scientific-literature-self-correcting.html
Glenn Begley, former head of research at Amgen in Thousand Oaks, California, made headlines back in March when he revealed that scientists at his company had been unable to validate the conclusions of 47 out of 53 ‘landmark’ papers — papers exciting enough to inspire the possibilities of drug-discovery programmes. In one study, which has been cited over 1,900 times, not even the original researchers could reproduce the results in their own laboratory.
He listed six warning signs that a paper’s conclusions are unreliable: specimens were assessed without blinding, not all results were shown, experiments were not repeated, inappropriate statistical tests were used, reagents weren’t validated (polyclonal antibodies have limited uses) and positive and negative controls were not shown.
Flawed papers appear regularly in high-impact journals: “Once you start looking, it’s in every issue,” Begley said. Top-tier journals are publishing sloppy science, he continued.
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Halmar Halide @ physics unhas
http://www.newyorker.com/online/blogs/newsdesk/2012/12/cleaning-up-science.html
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Halmar Halide @ physics unhas
Test case: similar article
Menggagas Asuransi Bencana
Gagasan Asuransi Bencana
versus
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Halmar Halide @ physics unhas
Whole article
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Halmar Halide @ physics unhas
One paragraph
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Halmar Halide @ physics unhas
another paragraph
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Halmar Halide @ physics unhas
Software detector
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Halmar Halide @ physics unhas
UNHAS’s efforts
Self-assessment and Declarations
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Halmar Halide @ physics unhas
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Halmar Halide @ physics unhas
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Halmar Halide @ physics unhas
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Halmar Halide @ physics unhas
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Halmar Halide @ physics unhas
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Halmar Halide @ physics unhas
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Halmar Halide @ physics unhas
save yourself
to save UNHAS
thank you...