determining flow systems using chemical data and gis in cuatro cienegas, coahuila, mexico

Determining Flow Determining Flow Systems Using Systems Using

Chemical Data and Chemical Data and GIS in Cuatro GIS in Cuatro

Cienegas, Coahuila, Cienegas, Coahuila, MexicoMexico

Shanna EvansShanna Evans

December 2, 2004December 2, 2004

ImportanceImportance► The basin was set aside The basin was set aside

as a preserve by the as a preserve by the Mexican government in Mexican government in 19941994

► More than 70 endemic More than 70 endemic and/or endangered and/or endangered species inhabit the basin species inhabit the basin (DFWC, 2003)(DFWC, 2003)

► It has a spring density of It has a spring density of 12-15 pozas (spings) per 12-15 pozas (spings) per square kilometer square kilometer (Winsborough, 1990)(Winsborough, 1990)

► Water levels have Water levels have dropped approximately dropped approximately 30-60 cm in the past five 30-60 cm in the past five years (Lesser, 2001)years (Lesser, 2001)

► Where is the water Where is the water coming from and where is coming from and where is it going?it going?

Location- Chihuahuan DesertLocation- Chihuahuan Desert

Blue points on Cuatro Blue points on Cuatro Cienegas Map are Cienegas Map are springs within the basinsprings within the basin

0 210,000 420,000 630,000 840,000105,000Meters

µ^Cuatro Cienegas

SABINAS

MONCLOVA

PIEDRAS NEGRAS

0 9,600 19,2004,800 Meters

CUATROCIENEGAS DE CARRANZA

ObjectivesObjectives

► Integrate water chemistry for the Integrate water chemistry for the Cuatro Cienegas Basin into GISCuatro Cienegas Basin into GIS

►Provide conductivity map to examine Provide conductivity map to examine chemistry in the basinchemistry in the basin

►Demonstrate temperature variations in Demonstrate temperature variations in the basinthe basin

►View spatial variability of chemistry to View spatial variability of chemistry to examine flow pathsexamine flow paths

Chemical DataChemical Data

► Water samples and Water samples and corresponding GPS corresponding GPS locations were collected at locations were collected at 35 sites during April and 35 sites during April and June, 2004.June, 2004.

► Samples were analyzed for Samples were analyzed for major anions and cationsmajor anions and cations

► Conductivity, pH, DO, ORP, Conductivity, pH, DO, ORP, Temperature, and Temperature, and alkalinity were measured alkalinity were measured in the fieldin the field

Poza Juan SantosPoza Juan Santos

Building the GeodatabaseBuilding the Geodatabase► Base files from Jennifer Base files from Jennifer

Howeth and A. Moline Howeth and A. Moline were in geographic were in geographic and projected formats and projected formats (NAD-1927 and UTM)(NAD-1927 and UTM)

► 6 Feature Datasets 6 Feature Datasets were created for the were created for the basinbasin

► CC lies in UTM zone 13 CC lies in UTM zone 13 and zone 14 and zone 14

► All GIS data was finally All GIS data was finally projected into the UTM projected into the UTM Zone 13 formatZone 13 format

Integrating Chemical Data into Integrating Chemical Data into GISGIS

► Problems!!!Problems!!! GPS positions taken in the GPS positions taken in the

field were in UTM Zone 13 field were in UTM Zone 13 and Zone 14and Zone 14

Some sample sites did not Some sample sites did not have locations associated have locations associated with themwith them

► Solutions!!!Solutions!!! Data were separated into 4 Data were separated into 4

spreadsheets and saved as dbf4 spreadsheets and saved as dbf4 files: files:

► Zone 13Zone 13► Zone 14Zone 14► No data with known XY location from No data with known XY location from

other sourceother source► No data without known XY locationNo data without known XY location


Each pink point is a sample site containing chemical data, Each pink point is a sample site containing chemical data, but the data was stored in 4 layers!but the data was stored in 4 layers!


► Excel Excel spreadsheets spreadsheets and the Add and the Add XY tool saved XY tool saved the day!the day!

► The layers The layers were were combined combined into one for into one for chemical chemical data data interpolationinterpolation

Conductivity Map!Conductivity Map!

► Spline and Spline and kriging methods kriging methods were not were not accurate in their accurate in their interpretation.interpretation.

► Inverse Distance Inverse Distance Weighted Weighted method was method was most accuratemost accurate


55

22 3

11

3.5

5.75.6

1.7

2.9

1.7

1.7

2.8

2.6

2.9 2.9

1.8

2.6

3.3

3.5 5.84.2

3.13.1

3.2

3.1

2.6

2.5

1.4

2.8

2.6

2.8

2.4

11.2

Temperature Maps!Temperature Maps!

IDW and Spline Temperature MapIDW and Spline Temperature Map Kriging Temperature mapKriging Temperature map

Chemistry and Flow Chemistry and Flow Systems??Systems??

5 flow systems most likely exist in the basin5 flow systems most likely exist in the basin


► Higher conductivities Higher conductivities were at the end of were at the end of flow paths and toward flow paths and toward the center of the basinthe center of the basin

► Evaporation controls Evaporation controls chemical evolutionchemical evolution

► This is consistent with This is consistent with the proposed flow the proposed flow systemssystemsLegend

condidw

<VALUE>

1.390032649 - 1.726317937

1.726317938 - 2.072418304

2.072418305 - 2.493576581

2.493576582 - 3.06485068

3.064850681 - 3.506858377

3.506858378 - 4.003074565

4.003074566 - 4.499290753

4.499290754 - 5.512572549

5.51257255 - 11.16513729

Conductivity map of the basinConductivity map of the basin



► Higher temperatures Higher temperatures were at the source of were at the source of the spring and toward the spring and toward the end of the flow the end of the flow pathspaths

► Interesting, but not Interesting, but not necessarily helpfulnecessarily helpful

Temperature map of the basinTemperature map of the basin

Legend

22.50055122 - 23.85590617

23.85590618 - 25.21126111

25.21126112 - 26.56661606

26.56661607 - 27.921971

27.92197101 - 29.27732595

29.27732596 - 30.63268089

30.6326809 - 31.98803584

31.98803585 - 33.34339078

33.34339079 - 34.69874573


23

27

26

25

27

30

29

32

31

22.5

22.6

29.830.5

24.1

29.225.5

28.1

29.4

26.3

27.6

25.2

32.1

34.6 30.223.7

25.924.8

27.8

30.2

34.7

31.6

31.1

33.727.5

33.4


► Alkalinity in the Alkalinity in the basin may be an basin may be an indicator of indicator of separate flow separate flow systemssystems

► The Anteojo and The Anteojo and Hundidos Hundidos systems had the systems had the highest highest alkalinitiesalkalinities


Legend

0.023044245 - 47.16223114

47.16223115 - 94.30141804

94.30141805 - 141.4406049

141.440605 - 188.5797918

188.5797919 - 235.7189787

235.7189788 - 282.8581656

282.8581657 - 329.9973525

329.9973526 - 377.1365394

377.1365395 - 424.2757263Alkalinity map of the basinAlkalinity map of the basin

Conclusions and Conclusions and RecommendationsRecommendations

►GIS is a useful tool in viewing chemical GIS is a useful tool in viewing chemical data to analyze flow systems based on data to analyze flow systems based on spatial variabilityspatial variability

►GIS alone cannot interpret the GIS alone cannot interpret the chemical data- one must know the chemical data- one must know the chemical processes involvedchemical processes involved

► In order to obtain a more accurate In order to obtain a more accurate chemical data map, more springs in chemical data map, more springs in the basin must be analyzedthe basin must be analyzed

ReferencesReferences

► Desert Fishes Council Web. 2003, Cuatro Desert Fishes Council Web. 2003, Cuatro Cienegas Home Page, Cienegas Home Page, http://www.desertfishes.org/cuatroc/index.hthttp://www.desertfishes.org/cuatroc/index.html, maintained by Dean A. Hendrickson.ml, maintained by Dean A. Hendrickson.

► Lesser & Associates, and Gerencia de Aquas Lesser & Associates, and Gerencia de Aquas Subterraneas. 2001, Hydrologic Synopsis en Subterraneas. 2001, Hydrologic Synopsis en the Hundido, Cuatrocienegas, and Ocampo the Hundido, Cuatrocienegas, and Ocampo Valleys, Coahuila, Evaluation Report for the Valleys, Coahuila, Evaluation Report for the Commission Nacional de Aguas, Mexico City, Commission Nacional de Aguas, Mexico City, Mexico.Mexico.

► Winsborough, Barbara, 1990. Some ecological Winsborough, Barbara, 1990. Some ecological aspects of modern fresh-water stromatolites aspects of modern fresh-water stromatolites in lakes and streams of the Cuatro Cienegas in lakes and streams of the Cuatro Cienegas Basin, Coahuila, Mexico, The University of Basin, Coahuila, Mexico, The University of Texas- Austin Dissertaion, 341 pp.Texas- Austin Dissertaion, 341 pp.

determining flow systems using chemical data and gis in cuatro cienegas, coahuila, mexico

Documents

cuatro cienegas map

cuatro cienegas basin

gis data

sourceno data

gisprovide conductivity

flow systems

flow pathsconductivity

utm zone