detection and monitoring- ai surveillance in poultry
TRANSCRIPT
Detection and Monitoring-AI Surveillance in Poultry
Simone Stoute DVM, PhD, DACPVCAHFS- Turlock Lab
UC ANR Joint Strategic Initiative Conference
October 13, 2015
Surveillance and Diagnostics:Warning system that helps protect the
health of California’s livestock and poultry.
Davis(full service/drug testing)
Turlock(poultry)
Tulare(full service)
San Bernardino(full service)
UC Davis- CAHFS
CAHFS Mission
PublicHealth
New Knowledge
Equine Health
Food SafetyHealth
ManagementSurveillance
CAHFS NAHLN
Davis
Turlock
Tulare
San Bernardino
AVIAN, LIVESTOCK, HORSE
AVIAN
AVIAN, LIVESTOCK, HORSE
AVIAN, LIVESTOCK, HORSE
• Early detection• Rapid response• Rapid recovery
NAHLN- National Animal Health Laboratory Network
• Partnership at the State and Federal level to safeguard animal health.
• CAHFS- Davis is one of more than 45 approved NAHLN labs across the country.
October 13, 2015
Avian Influenza Monitoring
Commercial Birds• > 1,000 birds• Breeder, layer, meat• National surveillance
programs– NPIP
• Fees subsidized by state
Backyard Flocks• < 1,000 birds• Food source, pet, hobby• CDFA-CAHFS partnership
– END/AI surveillance– Cause of death/disease
• Necropsy free of charge for up to 2 birds
October 13, 2015
Standard submission form
AI Samples
• Accepted from live birds, dead birds, and environment.
• Poultry: Samples collected from wild birds, domestic flocks, live bird markets and quarantined birds.
October 13, 2015
AI Sampling
• Pooled TR/OP swabs – maximum 11 swabs/tube for the PCR.
• If tubes are submitted with the swabs no more than 5 swabs are permitted.
• Cloacal swab specimens are the sample of choice for wild birds and domestic ducks.
October 13, 2015
Packaging Samples
NO Freezing!
• Styro-foam container / Box with ice packs to keep the
samples from spoiling.
• Submission Form. It is best if you insert the Submission
Form in a Zip-loc plastic bag to prevent it from getting
wet.
Delivery services
Website: ‘Shipping and Courier Services’
• Overnight on ice!
• Federal Express (FedEx), UPS, Golden State, etc.
• ‘Packaging guidelines’
October 13, 2015
Serology Molecular Detection Virology- ELISA - PCR - Isolation- AGID - Sequence Analysis - Identification
CAHFS Avian Influenza Testing
Avian Influenza Molecular Diagnostics
PB2 PB1 PA HA NP NA M1/2 NS1/2
Screening test
AI + AI -
1.
H5CAHFSNVSL
H7CAHFSNVSL
2.
Typing assay
October 13, 2015
Avian Influenza Outbreak Samples are received and tested in the CAHFS BSL-3 suite
Reportable AI in poultry
• 16 antigenically different H and 9 antigenically different N subtypes
• Of the 16 H subtypes, only H5 and H7 viruses of certain lineages have caused HPAI in poultry.
• While the vast majority of H5 and H7 AIV are low pathogenic, there is the potential for mutation.
October 13, 2015
Reportable AI in poultry
• All H5 and H7 are reportable.
What happens if the lab detects an H5 or H7 AIV?
• Lab detection CDFA reporting NVSL confirmation OIE reporting
October 13, 2015
What happened if we detect H5 or H7 positive?
• USDA, NVSL Ames Iowa is the only approved AI reference lab in the US recognized by the OIE.
• Confirmatory testing must be conducted at the NVSL.
• The official FAD diagnosis at NVSL requires virus isolation and characterization.
October 13, 2015
What happens if the lab detects an AI, NOT H5 or H7
• Any poultry, domestic duck, commercial, backyard or wild bird samples from outside a USDA quarantine zone that is AI positive, must be referred to the NVSL.
• This is regardless of the H5 or H7 assay results.
• NVSL – further testing and characterization.
October 13, 2015
Two Avian Influenza (AI) Cases Detected at CAHFS 2015
January 2015
Case 1: History
• 5 turkeys were submitted to CAHFS in January 2015
• Premise: 150,000 turkeys in 20 houses
• 1/20 houses: sudden onset of mortality, high fever.– Mortality: 8, 75, 500 (5%)
• Affected house:– 10,000 turkeys, 14 wks of age
Case 1: H5N8 Turkeys
Gross lesions3 live & 2 dead turkeys submitted to CAHFS
spleen
Organ LesionsSpleens Enlarged and mottled
Pancreas Pale mottled
Cecal tonsils Dark red and congested
Lungs Dark red, edema
Microscopic Lesions
• Spleen- necrosis
• Pancreas- necrosis
• Brain- meningitis
• Lungs- congested, necrosis
Lab Diagnosis
• Molecular tests and virus isolation positive for H5.
• Virus classified as HPAI H5N8 by NVSL
• Blood samples from 5 birds tested negative for Avian influenza by serology
Case Management• Quarantine of turkey premises on
1/22/15• Depopulation of all houses (150,000
turkeys) on premise• Cleaning and Disinfection• Surveillance Sampling
Case 2
February 2015
Case 2: H5N8 Chickens
History• February 2015; Eleven 12 wk old chickens submitted to CAHFS
• Respiratory problems, eyes closed, mucus in nostrils
• Ranch: 78,000 brown chickens (4 houses) and 35,000 ducks (2 houses)
• Increased mortality: 110 (0.5%), 148 (0.6%), and 170 (0.7%) in 1/4 chicken houses.
• Canal with occasional ducks borders facility and pond ̴ 5 miles away with many wild birds.
Case 2: H5N8 Chickens
Necropsy:11 chickens submitted to CAHFS Turlock lab.
DehydrationMucus in tracheaSpleens mottledLivers discoloredNot eating
Case 2: H5N8 Chickens
AI in California Commercial Poultry
Diagnosis-• PCR, and sequencing positive for H5N8• Virus classified as HPAI by NVSL• Serology negative
AI in California Commercial Poultry
Case Management• Quarantine on 1/22/15. Seven
neighboring farms in quarantine zone• Depopulation of 6 houses (78,000
chickens & 35,000 ducks)• Cleaning and Disinfection• Epidemiological tracking and surveillance
sampling
2015 AI Surveillance Planning
• FAD suspect cases will have 24/7 lab access.
• All labs will provide 7day access to a pathologist to accept emergency cases.
• Currently Davis lab can process 400 samples to test for AI.
PCR testing takes about 4 hours
October 13, 2015
2015 AI Surveillance Planning
• Currently before ELISA and AGID serology for AI.
• Plans for expanding serology capabilities if AI vaccination and controlled marketing of flocks comes into effect.
October 13, 2015
Thank you
October 13, 2015