detailing : interior wall assemblies

eu:a eppstein uhen architects 1

Interior Wall Assembliesp r e s e n t a t i o n

D E T A I L I N G S E M I N A R


OUTLINE Types of …

Studs Gypsum Board Walls

Detailing Objectives

Resources Spec Sections Suppliers &

Associations Codes & Standards Imperial Library (WIP)


Types of … STUDS Section 09 22 16 : Non-Structural Metal

Framing Interior framing systems

Partition Walls, Furred Walls, Framed Soffits, Etc. Approximately 60% of metal studs used in the U.S

Interior suspension systems Supports for ceilings, Suspended Soffits, Etc.

Section 09 21 16 . 23 : Gyp Bd Shaft Wall Assemblies Enclosures : Shaft-wall, Chase, Stair, Horizontal

Section 05 40 00 : Cold-Formed Metal Framing Exterior load-bearing wall framing. Interior load-bearing wall framing. Exterior non-load-bearing wall framing. Framing : Floor joist + Roof + Roof rafter + Ceiling joist


Interior Framing Systems Partition Walls

“C” studs 1-5/8”, 2-1/2”, 3-5/8”, 4”, 6”

Top & Bottom Tracks (Slip-Type) Single or Double-runners

Shaft Walls C-H

Furring Channels Cold Rolled Channels : 1/2”x 3/4” Steel Studs : 1-5/8”, 2-1/2”, 3-5/8” Hat-shaped (Rigid) : 7/8”, 1-1/2” Resilient Furring Channels : 1/2” Z-Shaped Channels : 1”, 1-1/2”, 2”, 2-

1/2”, 3”

Miscellaneous Blocking : Flat strap & Backing Plate Bridging Isolation Strips : Felt or Foam Gasket


Interior Framing Systems : Tracks


Interior Framing Systems : Channels


Interior Framing Systems : Blocking


Interior Framing Systems : Shafts


Height & Gauge & SpacingLower the gauge = the heavier and thicker the stud 20 gauge studs are thicker than 25 gauge studs … 25 gauge is the lightest or thinnest

material available.

Steel Studs and Runners: ASTM C 645 Minimum Base Metal Thickness: 25 gauge Where partition height requires heavier section, to accommodate span within L:240 deflection at load of

5 PSF, use heavier stud. Select 16” or 24” to fill in the blank for each project. Specify spacing as inches o.c. typical unless noted

otherwise..

Example 3-5/8” Metal Stud Spacing and Gauge Table:

Maximum Height Gauge Spacing:17’-11” 20 Gauge @ 16” O.C.15’-4” 25 Gauge @ 16” O.C.15’-7” 20 Gauge @ 24” O.C.13’-6” 25 Gauge @ 24” O.C.

Notes:a. Over 17’-11” long, use structural studs or drywall studs with depths over 3’-5/8”. b. At jamb openings provide (2) 20 gauge studs, minimum.c. At cement backer board, provide 20 gauge studs, minimum.d. For walls scheduled for ceramic tile: Utilize L/360 deflection at load of 5 PSF.e. For lead-lined drywall, provide 20 gauge minimum with a maximum spacing of 16” on center.

Submit engineering calculations for stud gage and spacing with shop drawing submittals for all lead-lined drywall applications.


Types of … GYPSUM BOARD Section 092900 : Gypsum Board

Interior Gypsum Board Tile Backing Panels Exterior Gypsum Board

Section 092116.23 : Gyp Bd Shaft Wall Assemblies

Section 092300 : Gypsum Plastering Section 092400 : Portland Cement Plastering Section 092613 : Gypsum Veneer Plastering Section 092713 : Glass-Fiber-Reinforced Plaster

Fabrications


Types of … GYPSUM BOARD Interior Gypsum Board

Regular Type : 1/4”, 3/8” & 1/2” Type X : 5/8” Special Type X (C) : 1/2” & 5/8” Flexible Type : 1/4” Ceiling Type : 1/2” Foil-Backed Type : 3/8”, 1/2” & 5/8” Abuse/Impact Resistant Type : 1/2” & 5/8” Moisture-and Mold-Resistant : 5/8”

Others? Lead-lined DensGlass Gold : accelerated schedule

Tile Backing Panels Water-Resistant Gypsum Backing Bd : 1/2” & 5/8” Glass Mat, Water-Resistant Backing Bd : 1/2” & 5/8” Cementitious Backer Units : 1/2”

Exterior Gypsum Board Ceilings & soffits


Interior Gypsum Board A. Type X, 5/8 inch thick.

B. Type C Thickness: As required by fire-resistance-rated assembly indicated on Drawings. Type C is a gypsum board enhanced with glass fibers and other ingredients for

premium fire protection. The board has a naturally non-combustible gypsum core and paper facings. Because of its strengthened, fire-resistant core, Type C can remain intact for a prolonged period during a fire, preventing further spread of flames and smoke.

Type C is suitable for interior applications only, and should not be used in areas of extreme humidity. Likewise, the board should be protected from exposure to adverse conditions during storage and construction.

Type C meets all the requirements of Type X Type X does not meet all of the requirements of Type C.

C. Flexible Type: Manufactured to bend to fit radii and to be more flexible than standard regular-

type gypsum board of same thickness, Type X, 1/4 inch thick.

D. Ceiling Type: Manufactured to have more sag resistance than regular-type gypsum board, Type

X, 5/8 inch thick. (Provide moisture-resistant type at wet areas.)

E. Foil-Backed Type, 5/8 inch thick, Type X.


Interior Gypsum BoardF. Abuse-Resistant Type:

Manufactured with fiberglass mat in lieu of paper to produce greater resistance to damage such as scuffs, scratches, dents, and abrasion, Type X gypsum board.

G. High-Impact Type: Same as Abuse-Resistant Type except with a core embedded layer of impact resistant mesh for

greater resistance to through-penetration (impact resistance), Type X gypsum board.

H. Specialty Multi-attribute Board: Fireproof, Waterproof, High Impact, and Non-nutrient to mold. Manufactured from magnesium oxide mineral components. Dragonboard or approved equal.

I. Moisture & Mold Resistant Gypsum Wallboard Type X, 5/8 inch thick, for use at Interior Face of Exterior Walls or wherever moisture resistant

Gypsum Wallboard is noted. Georgia Pacific, DensArmor Plus: A. The inside surface of exterior walls presents growth opportunities for mold, due to lack of air

circulation and temperature differential from outside to inside of the wall. Mold-resistant gypsum board such as DensArmor Plus has been tested in accordance with ASTM 3273, and scored a 10, the highest level of performance for mold resistance. The test indicates no mold growth in a 4-week controlled laboratory test. The product incorporates a moisture resistant core and glass mats on the surfaces of the drywall panel instead of paper facings, which denies mold the food source it needs to grow. The product comes with a three-month in-place exposure warranty which means that it can be hung before installing doors and windows.

B. DensArmor Plus(R) moisture- and mold-resistant paperless interior drywall are the first and only gypsum drywall products to be GREENGUARD Indoor Air Quality Certified(R). This certification, recognizes indoor products that have low emissions of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). To be GREENGUARD Certified means that these products will be regularly tested to ensure that chemical and particle emissions meet the GREENGUARD Environmental Institute's emission standards.


Interior Gypsum Board Lead Backed Gypsum Board, 5/8 inch thick, Type

X Lead Thickness: As specified by the radiation physicist

report. Note: 7’0” is minimum lead height per national standard UNO

Lead Sheet: In compliance with Federal Specification QQ-L-201f Grade C, 99.9% pure.

Lead-lined Particle Board, 3/4 inch thick. Laminated under pressure to unfinished particle

board. Used primarily where lead shielding is over ¼” thick

Weight too difficult not to damage in transportation and installation

Lead-lined Particle Board becomes a substrate for standard Type X gypsum board finish.


Tile Backing Panels Waterproof cementitious boards :

Essentially concrete in thin sheets with a fiberglass mesh embedded just below each surface

USG Durock. Type X, 1/2” thick or approved equal.

Water-resistant backer boards gypsum core with a proprietary silicone treated chemical process a substitution of fiberglass matting for the paper a heat-cured, co-polymer vapor-retardant coating on the finished side.

Georgia-Pacific DensShield, Type X, 5/8” thick or approved equal.

ComparisonDurock DensShieldHeavier, more difficult to install Lighter, easier to installMold-resistant Mold-resistantWater-proof Water-resistantNo integral vapor-retardant coating Integral vapor-retardant

coatingLong track record Relatively new to the market30% of market share 9% of market share


Types of … WALLS Bearing

Load Bearing : LB Non-load Bearing : NLB

Free-Standing Partition Walls Chase Wall Assemblies

Furred Walls

Fire-Resistance-Rated Assemblies Rated vs. Non-rated Smoke-Resistant


Types of … WALLS


Most popular wall type? S3A-S11

Acoustical isolation 1-hour fire rated or non-rated

UL V438 Joint Tape and Compound: Vinyl or casein, dry or

premixed joint compound applied in two coats to joints and screw heads of outer layers.

It is commonplace for the DHS building inspector to look above the ceiling at fire rated partitions to verify that joint compound has been applied to the screw heads.

If not, the contractor has to go back and complete this work.


Shaft Wall Assemblies


Shaft Wall Assemblies - Horizontal


Shaft Walls : QuestionsQ1 : What is the minimum radius possible

of a curved shaft wall system?

Q2 : In a horizontal shaft wall ceiling system, what will be necessary to coordinate with your electrical engineer?

Q3 : Is it necessary to tape the joints in the 1” liner panel?

Q4 : What depth of C-H studs are available?

Q5 : Can C-H studs be placed 16” O.C.?

Q6 : As a rule of thumb, what is the maximum unbraced height of a 2-hour shaft wall system?

A1 : Fifty Feet.

A2: Surface-mounted light fixtures.

A3 : No, the whole idea is to install the system working from outside of the shaft.

A4 : 2-1/2”, 4” & 6”.

A5 : No, because 1” liner panels are made to fit between C-H studs at 24 inches O.C. and that spacing is what the rated assemblies are tested at.

A6 : 19’-2” using 6” deep C-H studs and 23’-0” using 6” double-E studs.


Detailing ObjectivesDOB-1 : FIREDOB-2 : EARTHDOB-3 : WATERDOB-4 : AIR

DOB-5 : COSTDOB-6 : TIMEDOB-7 : SCOPE

FIRE

WATER

AIR EARTH

dryhot

wet cold

ELEMENTS

TIMECOST

SCOPE


Detailing ObjectivesDOB-1 : Fire

(Thermal) Conduction

Thermal Insulation

DOB-2 : Earth (Solid) Movement – Elements

Control Joints Loads

Dead/Live Loads

DOB-3 : Water (Liquids) Sealant, Joints &

Gaskets

DOB-4 : Air (Vapor) Acoustics

Sound Absorbing Surfaces

DOB-5 : Cost Material Costs

DOB-6 : Time Installation Clearances

DOB-7 : Scope Aesthetics Coordination : S + MEP Forgiving Details : Health & Safety


DOB-1+4 : Thermal + Vapor Conduction

Thermal Insulation

Water Vapor Vapor Ventilation


DOB-2 : Earth (Solid) Movement – Elements : Control

Joints

Loads : Dead/Live Loads

Vibration


Movement : Control JointsPurpose: Control joints are required in gypsum board partitions and ceilings to prevent cracking caused by

stresses induced by movement caused by: Changes in humidity Changes in temperature. Isolation joints are required between flexing structural members and non-structural gypsum board assemblies.

Spacing: Control joints should be employed in long expanses of partitions at 30-foot intervals, from floor to

ceiling. Control joints are recommended at doorjambs, extending from door head to ceiling. Control joints are required in interior gypsum board ceilings to limit dimensions in either direction

to 50 feet, and where ceiling framing changes direction. Control joints are required in exterior gypsum board soffits to limit dimensions in either direction

to 30 feet, and where ceiling framing changes direction.

Installation: Include breaking the gypsum board behind the control joint. Separate framing members should be used on each side of the control joint. Install a control joint where ever dissimilar construction meets. Install a control joint to separate the wings of “L”, and “T” shaped ceiling areas.

Reference Standards: Control joints are specified by two reference standards ASTM C 840, The Standard Specification for Application and Finishing of Gypsum Board GA-216, the Gypsum Association Recommended Specification for Application and Finishing of

Gypsum Board. Inspite of these specified reference standards, it is not unusual for the contractor to miss them and

control joints having to be cut-in after the fact. To avoid this, control joints are a good topic of discussion at a contactor meeting during the rough-in stage so that Architect’s expectations are reiterated prior to installation.


Movement : Control Joints


Loads : Dead & Live Loads


DOB-4 : Air (Vapor) Acoustics

Sound Absorbing Surfaces Acoustic Panels : MRI – 60% of wall surface


Acoustics


Acoustics Case Study



Value Engineering : reduce wall heights

$$$$$$



Curved Walls : Material vs. Labor Costs


DOB-5 : Cost Life-Cycle : LEED


Submittals : GREEN GUIDE SUBMITTALS:

Product data. Unless otherwise indicated, submit the following for each type of product provided under work of this Section:

Recycled Content : Indicate recycled content; indicate percentage of pre-consumer,

post-consumer, and post-industrial recycled content by weight for products specified recycled content.

Include statement indicating costs for each product having recycled content.

Local/Regional Materials : Indicate location of manufacturing facility; indicate distance

between manufacturing facility and the project site. Indicate location of extraction, harvesting, and recovery; indicate

distance between extraction, harvesting, and recovery and the project site.

VOC data : Submit manufacturer’s product data for joint compounds. Indicate

VOC limits of the product. Submit MSDS highlighting VOC limits. Submit environmental data in accordance with Table 1 of ASTM

E2129 for products provided under work of this Section.


DOB-6 : Time Installation Clearances Construction Sequencing


DOB-7 : Scope Aesthetics : Reveals

Forgiving Details : Dimensional Tolerances

Coordination : S + MEP

Health & Safety Fire-Safe Materials Fire-Resistant Assemblies Nontoxic Materials


Aesthetics : GB Finish Levels

Level 0 Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Level 4 Level 5


Aesthetics : GB Finish LevelsFinish panels to levels indicated below, according to ASTM C 840, for

locations indicated: Level 1 : Embed tape at joints in ceiling plenum areas, concealed

areas, and where indicated, unless a higher level of finish is required for fire-resistance-rated assemblies and sound-rated assemblies.

Level 2 : Embed tape and apply separate first coat of joint compound to tape, fasteners, and trim flanges where panels are substrate for tile and where indicated.

Level 4 : Embed tape and apply separate first, fill, and finish coats of joint compound to tape, fasteners, and trim flanges at panel surfaces that will be exposed to view, unless otherwise indicated.

Level 5 : Embed tape and apply separate first, fill, and finish coats of joint compound to tape, fasteners, and trim flanges, and apply skim coat of joint compound over entire surface at the following locations (except where surfaces are to be finished with wall covering):a. Exposed ceiling, soffit, or wall areas abutting window mullions, skylights,

or receiving direct indoor lighting.b. Wall-board scheduled to be finished with semi-gloss, gloss, epoxy paint, or

high build glazed coating.c. Fiberglass coated glass mat, both faces.d. Long hallways or corridors.e. Atriums, Lobbies, Auditoriums and similar large spaces.


DOB-7 : Scope Aesthetics : Gypsum Board Finish Levels

Critical (Severe) Lighting Areas Wall and ceiling areas …

abutting window mullion or skylights long hallways atriums large surface areas flooded with artificial and/or

natural lighting Solution ?

skim coating the gypsum board surfaces decorating the surface with medium to heavy textures use of draperies and blinds which often shadows

Paint : gloss, semi-gloss, and enamel finishes highlight surface defects


DOB-7 : Scope Aesthetics : Reveals


Forgiving Details : Dim Tolerances


DOB-7 : Scope Coordination : S + MEP

SECTION 092900 – GYP BD 3.8 Partition Identification Identify partitions indicated on

Drawings as having a required fire or smoke rating.

Location: 10-ft. on center, both sides of partition, above ceiling line.

Above access panels in hard ceiling.

Stenciled Lettering 2” high. Colors and Symbols: Current

DHFS standards, legend from Architect.


DOB-7 : Scope Coordination : S +

MEP


DOB-7 : Scope


DOB-7 : Scope NFPA


DOB-7 : Scope Health & Safety : Fire-Safe

Materials


DOB-7 : Scope Health & Safety : Fire-Safe Materials

Healthcare (HC) occupancies: Big distinction between Smoke-Tight partitions vs. Smoke

Barrier walls:

Smoke-Tight partitions : Corridor partitions = fully sprinkled building Corridor walls in a healthcare occupancy that is not fully sprinkled

need to be 1-hour rated.

Smoke Barrier partitions : Used as a separation between smoke zones Smoke barrier partitions are required to be 1-hour rated.. Healthcare occupancies have a “defend in place philosophy”.

The idea is that when a patient is undergoing a medical procedure and the fire alarm goes off, immediately stopping the procedure and taking the patient out the building is not always in the patient’s best interest.

A better alternative may be to transport the patient to a safe smoke zone with facilities to complete the medical procedure, before taking the patient out of the building.


DOB-7 : ScopeDesign No.

V449Non-Bearing

Wall Rating - 2hr.

(3) Layers GBStud

(1) Layer of GB


Fire-Safe Resistant Assemblies

DOB-7 : Scope


Resources : Spec Sections Section 054000 - Cold Formed Metal

Framing

Section 092216 - Non-Structural Metal Framing

Section 092900 - Gypsum Board

Section 092116.23 - Gyp Bd Shaft Wall Assemblies


Resources : Imperial Library - WIP

Imperial Library - WIP Wall Priority Diagram Top of wall details:

To clg, beam, slab, mtl deck, duct, joist, etc.

Details Lateral bracing &

floor/roof deflection. Control Joints Column/beam

protection


Wall Priority Diagram


Resources : L:\Resource Library


Resources : Codes & Standards

UL Assemblies : http://database.ul.com/cgi-bin/XYV/template/LISEXT/1FRAME/gothern

br.html

http://database.ul.com/cgi-bin/XYV/template/LISEXT/1FRAME/gothernbr.html

http://database.ul.com/cgi-bin/XYV/template/LISEXT/1FRAME/gothernbr.html


Code Question : 2006 IBCCode Question : 2006 International Building Code Per Chapter 7 of the IBC, fire barriers (706) and fire partitions (708) are required

to extend (vertically) from the top of the floor/ceiling assembly below to the underside

of the floor or roof slab or deck above. The horizontal continuity requirements of

these rated assemblies and how they intersect exterior walls are not as explicit as the

vertical continuity requirements. Question : In the case where a rated separation (fire barriers or fire partitions)

terminates at a non-rated, noncombustible exterior wall and the supporting floor is also non-

rated and noncombustible, where can this rated separation “terminate” in relation to the exterior wall?

a. At the interior face of the exterior walls’ interior gypsum board layer? b. At the exterior face of the exterior walls’ interior gypsum board layer? c. At the interior face of the exterior walls’ exterior sheathing layer? d. At the exterior face of the exterior walls’ exterior sheathing layer? e. At the interior face of the exterior walls’ outer-most finish material?


Resources : Suppliers & Associations


ConclusionQuestions???

Comments???

Concerns???

Suggestions???

detailing : interior wall assemblies

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