detailed brassica presentation -...
TRANSCRIPT
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Detailed BrassicaPresentation
Edward N. Ballard
Extension Educator, Animal Systems
Effingham Center
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GrazingCheapest Source
of Nutrients
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Every day spent grazing is money saved !
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Winter Annuals in the Grazing Program
• Cool season annual forages can be
planted in autumn for deferred grazing
during the late autumn, winter and
early spring.
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Winter Annuals Include…
Rye Wheat Barley Triticale
Spring Oats Turnips Rape Kale
Collards Tylon Tyfon
Annual Ryegrass Perennial Ryegrass
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Growth curves for cool-season perennial grasses, warm
season perennial grasses, and winter annuals.
Winter
annual
(small grain
annual ryegrass)
Cool-season
perennial grasses Warm-season
perennial grasses
Winter annual
(small grain/annual
ryegrass)
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Month
Re
lati
ve
Gro
wth
Ra
te
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Typical season of use for winter annual forages
Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr
Crop residue
Stockpiled perennial pasture
Winter annual
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U of I Dudley Smith Year-Around Grazing Project
• Cows grazing Alfalfa-Orchardgrass
• April through October
• Winter Grazing-- Corn Stalks with either
• Turnips-Spring Oats or Springs Oats & Cereal Rye
• Yield Data--Soil Compaction-- Insect & Weed Control
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Utilizing SPA Data
IL 1996 IL 2000 U of I
Dudley Smith
Total Cow Cost $414.03 $304.92 $190.18
Total Feed Cost $268.48 $209.18 $158.71
Pasture Cost $84.05 $76.91 $102.12
Crop Residues $1.96 $0.78 $40.53
Harvested Forages $83.98 $81.25 $0.00
Other Raised Feed $60.34 $19.96 $5.12
Purchased Feed $38.16 $30.28 $10.94
* All figures are financial annual cost/cow
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Utilizing SPA DataIL
1996
IL
1999
U of I
Dudley Smith
Total Feed Fed 5177 4710 316
Raised Hay 3091 3189 0
Other Home- Raised Feed 1734 932 127
Purchased Hay 112 187 170
Purchased STupplements 78 114 19
Purchased Silages & Conc. 166 288 0
* All figures are lbs DM/cow/year
*Cost rent $120 per acre
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Section 9
Section 8
Section 7
Section 6
Section 5
Section 4
Section 3
Section 2
Section 1
Section 1
Section 2
Section 3
Section 4
Section 5
Section 6
Section 7
Section 8
Section 9
February 21, 2001
February 7, 2001
January 24, 2001
January 10, 2001
December 27, 2000
December 13, 2000
November 29, 2000
November 15, 2000
November 1, 2000
November 1, 2000
November 15, 2000
November 29, 2000
December 13, 2000
December 27, 2000
January 10, 2001
January 24, 2001
February 7, 2001
February 21, 2001
Group 1 Group 2 Group 3
Group 4
Field
1
Field
2
Water Water
Cornstalks &
Turnips &
Springs Oats
Cornstalks &
Springs Oats-
Cereal Rye
U of I Dudley
Smith Farm
Christian Co.
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November 1, 2000
Spring Oats -Cereal Rye-
Corn Stalks
Seeded August 15
Oats- 1 Bu.
Rye-1 1/2 Bu.
40 LBS N
November 1, 2000
Turnips - Spring Oats-
Corn Stalks
Seeded August 15
Turnips- 4 lbs
Oats 1 Bu.
40 LBS N
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Costs for Winter Grazing Spring Oats and Turnips -
Seeded August 9, 2001Chisel- July 22 $11.00 per acre
Disc and mulch $ 9.0 per acre
Nitrogen 40 units $12.00 per acre
Seeded and mulch spring oats $ 9.00 per acre
Spring oats seed cost 1 ½ bu at ($2/bu) $ 3.00 per acre
Seeded turnips and mulch $ 9.00 per acre
Turnips seed – 4 lbs per acre( $1.80 per lb) $ 7.20 per acre
Total Seeding Cost per acre for 6.2 $60.20 per acre
Total Cost for seeding 6.2 acres $373.24
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Winter Costs for November 1, 2001 to March 14, 2002
Turnips – Spring Oats – Corn Stalks
Hay 4800 lbs for 8 cows (600 lbs per cow)
$50 price per ton
$ 120.00
Propane
Cost
60 gallons at 79¢ per gallon $ 47.40
Total Costs $167.40
All Costs $540.64
Costs per day for 134 days of grazing 50¢per day
Total costs per cow for 134 days $ 67.58
Average daily gain per cow 1.86 lbs
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Cow eating whole turnip
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January 8, 2001
18 Inches snow cover--Turnips& Oats
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December, 2000
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Spring Oats and Cereal RyeSeeded August 9, 2001
Chisel – July 22 $11.00 per acre
Disc and mulch $ 9.00 per acre
Nitrogen 40 Units per acre $ 12.00 per acre
Seeded and mulch Spring Oats and
cereal rye $ 9.00 per acre
Spring Oats seed cost 1 bu at $2.00 per bu $ 2.00 per acre
Cereal Rye 1 ½ bu per acrre at $5.25 per bu $ 7.87 per acre
Total Seeding Costs per acre for 6.2 acres $ 50.87 per acre
Total Cost for Seeding 6.2 acres $315.40
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Winter Costs for November 1, 2001 to March 14, 2002
Spring Oats – Rye – Corn Stalks
Hay 4800 lbs for 8 cows (600 lbs per cow)
$50 price per ton
$ 120.00
Propane
Costs
60 gallon at 79¢ per gallon $ 47.40
Total Costs $ 167.40
All costs $ 482.80
Costs per cow for 134 days of grazing 45¢
Total costs per cow for 134 days $ 60.35
Average daily gain per cow 1.55 lbs
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Five Types of Land Management
• Extended rotations of cool season pasture
• Permanent pasture of native, warm season grasses
• Winter grazing on a corn-spring oats rotation with cover crops
• Winter grazing on small grain-corn rotation with cover crops
• A continuous corn rotation with no grazing
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Continuous Corn (Control) C2
Dry lot
Continuous
Corn Control C3
row crop/winter grazing
(48 acres each)
cool season pasture
(6, 2.5 ac. paddocks each)
warm season pasture
(2,2.5 ac. each)
continuous corn (control)
(5 acres each)
Miscanthus demo plot
(0.1 acre each)
dry lot/corral area
(5.5 acres)
700 N
2200 E
Dudley Smith Farm
Potential Plot
Layout - June 2003
Acreage per experimental unit
Corn
(RCG 6)
A8
A7
B10
B9
M12
M11
B2
B1
A4
A3
M6
M5
B14
B13
A16
A15
M18
M17
W1
W2
W3
W4
W5
W6
Treatment Codes
A- AMPAC mix
B- Barenbrug mix
M-MaxQ mix
W- Warmseason mix
RG – Row crops grazed
C – Conventional Crop
Continuous Corn
(Control) C1
Oats (RCG
4)Oats (RCG 5)
Oats
(RCG 2)
Corn
(RCG 1)
Corn
(RCG 3)
Winter graze
corn residues+
annual rye
Winter Graze
corn residues+
annual rye
Winter Graze
corn residues+
annual rye
Winter graze
corn
residues
Winter Graze
cereal rye
oats
turnips
Winter graze
corn residues
Winter
graze
cereal rye
oats
turnips
Winter graze
cereal rye
oats
turnips
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U of I Dudley Smith Farm
Cow Grazing, May, 2003
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U of I Dudley Smith Farm
Spring Calf Crop-2003
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Utilize Crop Residues for Fall, Winter Grazing
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What about Turnips and other grazing alternatives?
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Aerial Seeding Turnips,Oats and Rye
8-20-2001
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Cliff Schuette
Turnips
and Cereal Rye
Airseed 8/25/2000
Turnips-3 lbs
Rye 2 Bu
Airplane $8/Acre
Corn 183 Bu/acre
Atrazine 1 lb
Partner April 28
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Seeded on Aug 19, 2002
Picture on Aug 22, 2002
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Barkant Turnip and Rye After Spring Oats-Cost:Turnip-$10, Rye-
$8, Airplane-$8Total-$26
60
Turnips- Costs $10 Rye- $8
Planted after spring oats
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Forage Turnips and Oats in Corn Stalks-Cost: $10 Turnips, $7.50 Oats,
$8 for Airplane-$25.50/Acre
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Turnips and Rye flown in Beans-Sept 15th- 2 weeks
prior to Harvest
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Fall Seeding- Germination is better when sown …
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And not flown.
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Turnup- Forage and Tuber at 2 months
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Tuber in Corn-3 months
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Jimmy Ayars-Christian Co. Spring, 2003
Turnips-3 lbs-Oats-3 Bu.
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Jimmy Ayars-tunrips-oats spring, 2003
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Jimmy Ayars Spring, 2003
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Jimmy Ayars-June 24, 2003
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Jimmy Ayars, Turnips and Oats baled, June, 2003
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Jack Wock, Jersey Co. Turnip & Spring Oats, June 4,2003
3 Acres-126 grazing days to date
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Jack Wock, Jersey Co. June 4, 2003-Bonar Rape
Seeded 3 lbs/acre-April 12, 2003
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Jack Wock, Jersery Co. June 4, 2003
Pennleaf Pearl Millet-20 lbs/acre & Pasja 3 lbs/acre seeded May 15
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Part 1 - Dynamo, Samson, Barkant, Purple-top Turnips and Dwarf Essex and
Interval Rape Dry Matter (DM) Yield Comparison - Wiley Farm**
Comments
8/21/98
Comments
11/04/98
Leaf DM
(lbs./A)
(% of Total)
Root DM
(lbs./A)
(% of Total)
Total DM
(ave of
10/19/98 &
11/04/98)
Purple-top
Turnip no N
4” tall
healthy stand
36 plants/yd
16”-20” tall
uneven, mature
root > top
1,190 lbs.
19%
5,165 lbs.
81%
6,355 lbs./A
Purple-top
turnip w/N
4” tall
healthy stand
36 plants/yd
20”-24” tall
more even
mature
root > top
2,488 lbs.
30%
5,842 lbs.
70%
8,330 lbs./A
Samson turnip
no N
4” tall
healthy stand
36 plants/yd
17”-26” tall
large roots
still growing
5,379 lbs.
53%
4,762 lbs.
47%
10,141 lbs./A
Dynamo turnip
no N
6” tall
excellent stand
44 plants/yd
16”-26” tall
top > root
still growing
7,025 lbs.
56%
4,356 lb.
44%
11,381 lbs./A
**Wiley Farm, Schoolcraft, MI: 55 acres, broadcast-seeded from a 4-wheeler onto disked green bean stubble on 7/21/98 @
a rate of 1.5 lbs. seed/A (Herd cyclone seeder without fertilizer). Irrigated with ¼” of water on the 5th and 9th days after
seeding. Portions of both Purple-top and Barkant were top-dressed with 300 lbs. of 21-0-0/A on 9/25/98. Total DM values
are averages from the 10/19/98 and 11/04/98 samples.
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Oats and Rye in Combination
Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May
Fora
ge
Availa
bili
ty
MU-FSRC
Oats
Rye
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Trainor Turnips andAnnual Rye Fall 2002
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Trainor Turnips and Annual RyeFall 2003- November
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Cost per pound of forage dry matter consumed
Annual
Ryegrass Stockpile Hay
Forage yield 7000 3895 2000
utilization 70% 70% 80%
harvested forage 4900 2727 1600
cost/lb/dm consumed $0.016 $0.008 $0.035
Jim Gerrish, FSRC, MO
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Daily feed costs and cost per pound of calf gain
Annual
Ryegrass Stockpile Hay
cow weight 1350 1350 1350
intake 0.028 0.028 0.028
lb forage/cow/day 37.8 37.8 37.8
cost/cow/day $0.62 $0.31 $1.32
calf ADG 2.45 2.24 2.02
cost/lb/gain 0.25$ 0.14$ 0.65$
Jim Gerrish, FSRC, MO
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Dry matter (DM) intake (kg day-1), cost of wintering ($ cow-1) and relative cost (%) of wintering a spring calving beef cow on a variety of forages for 122 days during winter.)
Forage(s)
Tall Fescue Stockpile
Annual Ryegrass
Wheat
Rye
Turnip
Rape
Tall Fescue Hay1
Tall Fescue Hay
Turnip + TF Hay
Turnip + TF Stockpile
Rape + TF Hay
Rape + TF Stockpile
Turnip + Alfalfa Hay
Alfalfa Hay (fair)
DM Intake
(kg day-1)
23.28
15.70
16.02
17.04
16.15
15.67
28.12
23.85
20.39
19.01
19.98
18.67
19.06
23.39
Cost
($ Cow-1)
67.44
45.90
71.28
40.95
34.19
51.57
87.72
74.56
53.24
47.58
64.16
57.77
72.04
129.72
Relative
Cost (%)
100
68
106
61
51
76
130
111
79
71
95
86
107
192
Source: G.J. Bishop-Hurley & R.L. Kallenbach, University of Missouri, 2000