desulphurisation hemant pandit, ranjan agrawal. dtu chemical engineering technical university of...
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![Page 1: Desulphurisation Hemant Pandit, Ranjan agrawal. DTU Chemical Engineering Technical University of Denmark The wet FGD process CaCO 3 (s) + SO 2 (g) + 2H](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062519/5697bfd31a28abf838cac2a0/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Desulphurisation
Hemant Pandit, Ranjan agrawal
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DTU Chemical Engineering Technical University of Denmark
The wet FGD processCaCO3(s) + SO2(g) + 2H2O + ½O2 → CaSO42H2O(s) + CO2
Major reactions (Kiil, 1998)
● Absorption of SO2
● Oxidation of HSO3- to SO4
2-
● Limestone dissolution
● Gypsum crystallisation
Important parameters
● Desulphurisation degree
● Gypsum moisture content
● Gypsum impurity content (limestone etc.)
CHEC Annual Day, 2009 01.10.2009
Courtesy of DONG Energy
Wet Flue Gas Desulphurisation
1
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DTU Chemical Engineering Technical University of Denmark
Oxy-fuel combustion
● Substitution of fuel air with oxygen
● Flue gas recycle in order to control
temperature/convective heat transfer
● Gas phase enriched in CO2 & H2O
● Capture and compression of CO2
Flue gas desulphurization
● Ensuring a clean product
– i.e. transport and geological storage considerations
● Wet FGD before compression (traditional)
● As part of the compression (research stage)
Courtesy of Vattenfall
The oxy-fuel concept
2 CHEC Annual Day, 2009
01.10.2009
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DTU Chemical Engineering Technical University of Denmark
Fuel Processing
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DTU Chemical Engineering Technical University of Denmark
Fuel Processor
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DTU Chemical Engineering Technical University of Denmark
C + O2 CO2 C + H2O CO + H2
C + CO2 2COCO + H2O CO2 + H2
CO + 3H2 CH4 +H2O
Moving bed Fluidized bed Entrained bed
BGL Shell Texaco KRW HT Winkler and many more
Second generation
Generic Types
Gasification of solid fuels
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DTU Chemical Engineering Technical University of Denmark
Partial Oxidation
CxHy + x/2 O2 x CO + y/2 H2
Advantages:
Any type of hydrocarbon
Direct Heat transfer
Disadvantages:
Low H2 production
Dilution of gas with N2
Soot formation
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DTU Chemical Engineering Technical University of Denmark
Desulphurisation
Gas phase Desulphurisation
ZnO + H2S ZnS (s) + H2O (g)
2 to 3 kg ZnO sufficient for one year Automobile operation
Liquid Fuel Desulphurisation
Gasoline 30-40 ppm 1-2ppm Sulphur
For high sulphur Fuels hydro treatment followed by gas phase
Desulphurisation
Adsorption Chemical reaction
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DTU Chemical Engineering Technical University of Denmark
Conclusions
Presently liquid fuels like gasoline & Diesel which
contain high aromatic content and sulfur are not very suitable for on board applications.
Availability of Methanol & Ethanol for fuel uses are inadequate.
For use of natural gas economic and environmental benefits are to studied in detail.
A multi fuel Reformer needs to be developed (For
fuels with small range of C/H ratio).
Thrust areas for R&D
• Development of reactors/separators (Membrane)• Indigenous Catalyst development
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DTU Chemical Engineering Technical University of Denmark
Desulphurization plant in Germany
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DTU Chemical Engineering Technical University of Denmark
NEW MEXICO
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DTU Chemical Engineering Technical University of Denmark
UNITED KINGDOM OF GREAT BRITAIN AND NORTHERN IRELAND
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DTU Chemical Engineering Technical University of Denmark
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, Louisiana
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DTU Chemical Engineering Technical University of Denmark