Deodorants and antiperspirants affect the axillary bacterial community

Chris Callewaert, Prawira Hutapea, Tom Van de Wiele, Nico Boon

Sergio Andrés Correa HernándezJulián Carvajal Fernández

Molecular BiologyIII semester

Introduction

Deodorants are substances which mask the odor caused by the bacteria's. Antiperspirants are a subgroup of deodorants which prevent sweating by blocking the sweat glands. All antiperspirant are deodorant but not all deodorants are antiperspirant. They are classified according to the European legislation as cosmetics.

Introduction

Staphylococcus, Corynebacterium, Propionibacterium and Micrococcus spp. are bacteria that create odor on the skin; each bacterium has its own group of enzymes converting sweat on volatile elements. One of the major bacteria that cause odor is Aerobic lipophilic Corynebacterium spp.

Introduction

•Among the compounds that generate malodor, branched chain fatty acids and sulphanyl alkanols were identified.

•To deodorant (DEO) and antiperspirant (AP) antimicrobial compounds are added to reduce bacterial community in the skin, although the complete elimination can not be obtained.

•This study find out the change of the odor produced by the microbial community

Generalities

•The main function of deodorants is to reduce the amount of bacteria in the armpits.

•Antiperspirants are part of deodorants, the only difference is that these have aluminum salts to plug the outlet duct of the sweat glands preventing perspiration.

Actinomycetes

•Are Gram-positive bacteria that conform approximately 67% of all bacteria on earth and play an important role in the decomposition of organic matter such as cellulose or chitin and in the formation of humus.

•They are aerobic, while there may be little anaerobic.

•Unlike firmicutes have a high GC content.

•Produce many antibiotic-type drug compounds as actinomycin.

Relationship

•People who applied DEO stopped its application and the actinomycetes increased, when they resumed their application, the quantity of actinomycetes declined. With AP decreased the actinomycetes when the application was ended.

•With antiperspirants a significant difference was detected in transition moments between the application and non-application.

Main objective

The objective of this study was to identify whether deodorant/antiperspirant usage could affect the autochthonous microbial

community structure, diversity and dynamics.

Materiales y métodos

•UPGMA•SPSS•Coeficiente de correlación de Pearson•Dendrograma•Software bionumérico•Método de sanger•Pirosecuenciación•Fastq format•DGGE•PCR

Materiales y métodos

• Encuesta en línea: 314 personas

• Exclusión de 4 personas: 310 personas

Visión de los cosméticos

• 9 sujetos sanos• Dejar de usar el DEO/AP 1 mes, el I usar

DEO 1 mes• Extracción del DNA de la flora microbiana• Evaluar por Electroforesis en gel con

gradiente de desnaturalización (DGGE)

ExperimentoA,B,C,D: AP E,F,G,H: DEO

I: ninguno

Características sociodemográficas

•Lugar de la encuesta: Bélgica•Total de encuestados: 310 personas•Rango de edad: 19-30 años, 2% entre 12 y 18 años, 59% entre 19 y 30 años, 26% entre 31 y 49 años, 13% mayores de 50 años•Mujeres: 64% Hombres: 36%•1% solo termino primaria, 30% solo terminaron secundaria, 69% terminaron educación superior.•67% practicaban algún deporte, 33% no jugaban ningún deporte.

Muestreo

Axila derecha e izquierda sanas en otoño y

primavera (en Gante-Bélgica) con triplicación

de la muestra.

6 individuos belgas 3 extranjeros Edad media 26.7 años

Sin control de hábitos o dietaEvaluación cada mes

PCR y DGGE

PCR: Reacción en cadena de la polimerasa, su objetivo es obtener un gran numero de copias de un fragmento de DNA particular partiendo de una única copia del fragmento original.

1. Inicio2. Desnaturalización

3. Alineamiento o unión del cebador4. Extensión o elongación de la cadena

5. Elongación final6. Conservación

PCR y DGGE

DGGE: Electroforesis en gel con gradiente de desnaturalización, consiste en la separación de cadenas de DNA dependiendo de su punto de desnaturalización siendo definida como la separación de las cadenas complementarias.

PCR y DGGE

1. Separar por PCR fragmentos de 200 a 700 pb, se ubican en un gel con gradiente desnaturalizante del 15-90% del agente, cuando se desnaturaliza se forman zonas de cadena única donde se frena la migración.

2. Se amplifica la zona de interés por PCR añadiendo un cebador de 40pb para mantener unidas ambas cadenas durante la electroforesis.

Resultados

DiscussionNakatsuji T, et al. Bacteria are present in the

dermis and the dermaladipose of the human skin.

Agree

Callewaert C, et al. Each person has an Intrapersonal bacteria diversity.

Agree

Callewaert C, et al. Similar diversity increases were found in the axillae, when applying moreDeodorant.

Disagree

Grice EA, et al. Other environmentalfactors are known to have a significant role on the skin microbial communities, such as sweating, pH, temperatureand ultraviolet light.

Agree

Conclusions

•The authors are trying to motivate other researchers to look for the impact of antiperspirants and deodorants on axillary odor and bacterial community.

•It is very important to study the bacterial community and its action on odor to effectively lead products towards a good quality of life.

Conclusions

•Deodorant and Antiperspirant analysis are not well researched. If someone took the initiative, great findings can be made.

•Recognizing the importance of GELES on this type of studies is vital. It represents a significant way to cluster a group of molecules or particles and take conclusions about it.

Julián Carvajal Fernández