instructables

Desktop DIY CNC Router - Arduino Based

by ardali

Goal for this machine :

Arduino based 3-Axis machineCutting material : wood , plastic , aluminumRepeatibility < +/- 0.1 mmCost < $750Travel : X-Axis 360 mm ... Y-Axis 500 mm ... Z-Axis 45 mm

This goal in mind, fixed gantry design was decided for improved rigidity and design simplicity.

Frame :

Aluminum parts laser cut from 6mm plate and V slot aluminum extrusion bolted together.,

Linear Guide :

Induction hardened chromium plated linear guide rods and linear bearings LMK20UU for X and Y-Axis andLMK12UU for Z-Axis.

Linear Drive :

T8 OD 8mm lead screws pitch 2mm lead 2mm with Pillow Block End Bearings and Anti Backlash Nut Blocks.

Drive Motors and Controllers :

Nema 23 381 oz-in 3.5A KL23H2100-35-4B stepper motors for X and Y-Axis and Nema 23 57HS22 stepper motorfor Z_Axis. TB 6600 step motor drivers.

Spindle :

500 W DC air cooled spindle.

500 W 48V 10.4A power supply.

PWM speed governer.

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https://www.instructables.comhttps://cdn.instructables.com/ORIG/FJO/E9I3/JQQYQ4FO/FJOE9I3JQQYQ4FO.dxf

Step 1: Parts Laser Cut From 6mm Aluminum Plate

https://cdn.instructables.com/static/3dviewer/index.html?svf=https://cdn.instructables.com/forge-derivs/FJOE9I3JQQYQ4FO/b1032339-59b0-f1f6-686e-

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Step 2: Frame

Aluminum plate part no 1 is bolted to V-slot 40x80extrusion using 4 angle pieces L50x50x5 ...80mmlong and T-bolts. V-slot 20x40 pieces are bolted to40x80's using 6 angle pieces L40x40x4 ... 40mm longand again using T-bolts. 20x40 corners are fixed toeach other using concealed fixers. The top and

stepped front side is fitted with 4mm transparentacrilic plate. Power supply units, controllers, speedgoverner and other electronics are mounted to theseplates.

1. V-Slot Extrusions and Connecting Elements

Step 3: Pictures of Completed Frame

1

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Step 4: Y-Axis Assembly

Two angle sections L40x40x4...180mm long are drilled as indicated and used to bolt together work table part no5and part no 6. Four linear bearings LMK20 are fixed to plate no 6. The linear guide end supports SHF20 and leadscrew end bearings KFL08 are fixed to the outside of plate no 6.

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Step 5: Anti Backlash Nut Block

An anti backlash nut block is fixed to a L50x50x5...100mm long angle piece and this piece is fixed to the inside ofpart no 6 using the center 3 holes.

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Step 6: Pictures of Completed Y-Axis Assembly

The completed Y-Axis assembly is placed inside the frame and linear guide rods are placed through one of theend supports first then linear bearings and the second end support at the otrher end. Lastly the lead screw isplaced. After assembling make sure that you can move the worktable easily by turning the lead screw by hand. Ifthere is excessive firiction reassemble and realign.

Step 7: X-Axis Assembly

The laser cut parts 3 and 4 are bolted together usingfour 70 mm long aluminum square sections15x15mm. One leg of 50x50 aluminum angle is cut to25mm making it L50x25x5...70mm long. This piece isdrilled as shown and bolted to piece no 3. to it the antibacklash block is fixed. Because of the axial load the

Z-Axis lead screw is need to be supported by a thrustbearing. The thrust bearing and lead screw housingare custom manufactured and fitted to the undersideof part no 4 together with the lead screw bearing.

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Step 8: Z-Axis Assembly

Laser cut parts 7 and 8 are bolted together using two 135mm long aluminum square sections. OneL50x28.5x5...80mm long is cut from 50x50mm aluminum angle, drilled as shown and bolted to part 7.To it the antibacklash block is fixed.Two 150mm long 8mm screws are fiited between top and bottom no 7 pieces for rigidity.

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Step 9: Putting X and Y-Axis Assemblies Together

12mm linear guide rods are placed through one of the end supports first then linear bearings and the second endsupport at the otrher end. Lastly the lead screw is placed. After assembling again make sure that you can movethe Z-Axis assembly easily by turning the lead screw by hand. If there is excessive firiction reassemble andrealign.

Step 10: Stepper Motors

Nema 23 381 oz-in 3.5A KL23H2100-35-4B stepper motors are used for X and Y-Axis. For Z-Axis Nema 2357HS22. Plastic block spacers are used to dampen vibration. Steppers are connected to lead screws via flexiblecouplers. TB6600 Drivers are used for all 3 motors.

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Step 11: Power Source for Steppers

Step 12: Limit Switches

One Makerbot type mechanical endstop is used for each axis For improved noise filtering they are wired usingshielded cables and optocouplers. The circuit is wired on a 5x7cm single side PCB.

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Step 13: Pictures of the Optocoupler PCB

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Step 14: Spindle

Spindle : Air cooled DC 500W 12 000 rpm with PWM Speed Governer

Power Source : 48V 10.4A 500 W

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This project looks awesome, do you have any video of it running yet?

Step 15: Arduino and GRBL

Some Basics :

Hardware : Arduino Uno R3 with CNC Shield V3.00

Software : GRBL , UGS

GRBL is opensource software that runs on anArduino Uno that takes G-Code coımmands via serialand turns the commands inbto motor signals.

Universal G-Code Sender is a Java based,crossplatform G-Code sender compatible with GRBL andTinyG/g2core. Use it to run a GRBL or TinyG/g2corecontrolled CNC machine.

GRBL V0.9 - Arduino Z-limit and spindle enable pinsare swapped.

See below :

http://github.com/grbl/grbl/wiki/Connecting-GRBL

TB6600 Wiring Diagram with Ardaino CNC shield isgiven in the picture above.

Configuring GRBL V0.9 :

http://github.com/grbl/grbl/wiki/Configuring-Grbl...

Step 16: BOM

https://www.instructables.com/ORIG/FTH/ZJ3Z/JROTBXEC/FTHZJ3ZJROTBXEC.pdf…Download

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