designing water-wise irrigation systems
TRANSCRIPT
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Lori D. Palmquist, CID, CIC, CLWM, CLIA
Designing Water-Wise Irrigation Systems
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Challenge of Landscape Irrigation
Landscape irrigation
• Different types of plants
• Different ages
• Different sizes/heights
• Varying planting density
• Varying slopes
• Varying soil types
Agricultural irrigation
• One type of plant (crop)
• Same age
• Same size
• Same planting density
• Grown on level ground
• Same soil type
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The moral of the story is…
Don’t use uniform watering strategies with non-uniform
plant material
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Professional Irrigation DesignSee more at http://www.ecolandscape.org/new-ca/
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Designing Irrigation
First perform a site evaluation
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Know Your Soil Type
•Soil probe
•Hand test
•Jar test
•Percolation test
•Soil lab for analysis
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Know Your Soil Type
Coarse (Sand): Soil particles are loose. Squeezed in hand when dry, it falls apart when pressure is released.
Squeezed when moist, it will form a cast, but will crumble easily when touched.
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Know Your Soil Type
Medium (Loam): Has a moderate amount of fine grains of sand and very little clay. When dry, it can be readily broken.
Squeezed when wet, it will form a cast that can be easily handled.
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Know Your Soil Type
Fine (Clay): When dry, may form hard lumps or clods.
When wet, the soil is quite plastic and flexible. When squeezed between the thumb and forefinger the soil will form a ribbon that will not crack.
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How Water Moves Through Different Soil Types
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Designing Irrigation
Divide landscape into hydrozones
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What Is a Hydrozone?
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Learn From Nature
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How Many Hydrozones?
• Group by water needs
• Group by sun or shade or wind
• Plants in pots
• Veggie beds
• Fruit trees
• Established planted area
• Trees
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This Is a Hydrozone
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Water-Use Values
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Low
HighModerate
How do I know the water needs
Very Low
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WUCOLS IV
http://ucanr.edu/sites/WUCOLS
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WaterWonk.us
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Flickr Plant Search
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Hydrozoning Example #1
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Hydrozoning Example #1
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Hydrozoning Example #2
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Hydrozoning Example #2
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Hydrozoning Example #3
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Troubleshoot Plant Problems
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Choosing Irrigation Type
Will it be spray or drip?
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Spray the Lawn with Efficient Sprinklers
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Efficient Sprinkler Nozzles
20% higher efficiency!
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Remember:
• Install pressure regulator after the valve, or
sprinklers with pressure regulation built in
• Flush system after installing
• Match application rate of nozzles to
infiltration rate of soil
• Avoid runoff by using proper scheduling
techniques
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Two Types of Drip
Emitters placed at the
plants – Point Source
for sparse plantings
Built-in emitters in a grid
formation – Line Source
for dense plantings
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Point-Source Drip for Sparse Plantings
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Point Source – Sparse Plantings
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Drip Grid for Dense Plantings
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Line Source (Grid) – Dense Plantings
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Convert Sprinklers to Drip Grid
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Spray–to–Drip Conversions
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Don’t Mix These on the Same Zone
Sprinklers
Drip emitters
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We don’t Recommend Using…
Microsprays
Soaker hoses
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Drip Guidelines
• Use .25 or .4, or .5 gph emitters in clay soil
• Use .4, .5, or .6 gph emitters in loam soil
• Use .9 or 1.0 gph emitters in sandy soil
• 240 gph capacity per valve zone (4 gpm)
• Use plant sizes to determine number of emitters, and add more emitters if plants appear to need more water
• Or use Rain Bird online calculator
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Number of Emitters:Plants with Same Water Needs
• Plants less than 1 foot in diameter: 1 emitter
• Plants 1 - 2 feet in diameter: 2 emitters
• Plants 3 – 4 feet in diameter: 4 emitters
• Plants 5 – 6 feet in diameter: 8 emitters
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Number of Emitters:Plants with Different Water Needs
• Plants less than 1 foot in diameter: 1 emitter (low), 2 emitters (moderate), 3 emitters (high)
• Plants 1 - 2 feet in diameter: 2 emitters (low), 4 emitters (moderate), 8 emitters (high)
• Plants 3 – 4 feet in diameter: 4 emitters (low), 8 emitters (moderate), 16 emitters (high)
• Plants 5 – 6 feet in diameter: 8 emitters (low), 16 emitters (moderate), 32 emitters (high)
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Remember:
• Install pressure regulator and filter
• Flush system regularly
• Match application rate of emitters to
infiltration rate of soil
• Avoid runoff by using tubing with check valves
on slopes
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Zone Flow PrecautionTry not to exceed 4 gpm for any zone
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Don’t Know the Pipe Sizes?Google “determine pipe size based on string length”
Source: www.design.orbitonline.com
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Irrigation Scheduling
Free app for Sacramento Region
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Sacramento Region Smart Irrigation Scheduler
www.beyondthedrought.com
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waterwonk.us/how-much
How much water:
Any incorporated CA city
Any time frame
Any plant material
Various sizes of plants
and planted areas
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Who Can Assist You?
Let’s look at the handout
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Who Can Assist You?Irrigation stores and manufacturers
Some examples:
• Irrigation Tutorials www.irrigationtutorials.com
• Green Acres Nursery & Supply
• Sprinkler Service & Supply in Carmichael
• The Urban Farmer Store www.UrbanFarmer.com
• Hunter Industries www.HunterIndustries.com
• Rain Bird Corporation www.RainBird.com
• Professional irrigation stores (Ewing, Horizon, Normac)
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Who Can Assist You?
• EcoLandscapers & Green Gardeners
www.ecolandscape.org
• Landscape Designers www.apldca.org
• CLCA Water Managers www.CLCA.org
• CA Turf Replacement Rebates
www.saveourwaterrebates.com
• Your water provider!
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Let’s practice!
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Point Source Example
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Let’s use Rain Bird’s online drip calculators:
http://softwarerepublic.com/rainbird/
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That’s all, folks!