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International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET) Volume 8, Issue 7, July 2017, pp. 194–207, Article ID: IJCIET_08_07_021

Available online at http:// http://www.iaeme.com/ijciet/issues.asp?JType=IJCIET&VType=8&IType=7

ISSN Print: 0976-6308 and ISSN Online: 0976-6316

© IAEME Publication Scopus Indexed

DESIGNING AN ENERGY EFFICIENT

INSTITUTIONAL BUILDING USING EQUEST

Ar. Shreya Jindal

Department of Civil Engineering, Chandigarh University, India

Er. Puneet Mittal

Department of Civil Engineering, Chandigarh University, India

ABSTRACT

More than half of the three fourth of worlds energy is consumed by buildings.

Construction sector now a day is considered one of the most cost oriented industries

and we should try to make innovations that are environmentally and economically

sustainable. Sustainability or green buildings in the construction sectors mainly focus

on constructing energy efficient buildings, reducing emissions and maintaining thermal

comfort. A National rating system- GRIHA has been developed that is appropriate for

all types of building in completely different environmental condition zones of the

country. The system was at first planned and developed by TERI (The Energy &

Resource Institute). As TERI GRIHA that has been changed to GRIHA as

National scoring system when incorporating various modifications urged by a bunch of

architects and specialists. It takes into consideration the provisions of the

National code 2005, the Energy Conservation code laws. The system, by its quantitative

and qualitative assessment criteria, would be ready to buildings of

various functions- industrial, institutional and residential. As maximum cost of the

building is due to electricity consumption so in this research paper I have designed the

institutional building NIFT (Fashion institute proposed in Panchkula)in such a way that

it achieves the GRIHA five star rating system by fulfilling its 100% energy demand

through renewable source of energy.

Key words: Institutional Building, Energy Simulation, Energy Efficiency, Renewable

Energy Utilization, Renewable Energy.

Cite this Article: Ar. Shreya Jindal and Er. Puneet Mittal, Designing An Energy

Efficient Institutional Building Using Equest, International Journal of Civil Engineering

and Technology, 8(7), 2017, pp. 194–207.

http://www.iaeme.com/IJCIET/issues.asp?JType=IJCIET&VType=8&IType=7

Designing An Energy Efficient Institutional Building Using Equest


1. INTRODUCTION

Green buildings refer to those structures which are resource efficient and environmentally

responsible throughout its life span. It involves a balance between building construction and

sustainable environment. Sustainability refers to the process in which we meet the need of

present generation without compromising the future needs. So while designing and constructing

the buildings we should mainly concentrate on the point that the buildings yearly energy

consumption should decrease as much as possible so that it can be saved for the future

generation as well. The renewable source of energy should be used in order to make it energy

efficient. The buildings should be designed keeping in mind the sun orientation and the weather

condition so that it minimizes the use of external heating and cooling system. In this paper I

have designed National Institute of Fashion Technology (NIFT) proposed by government of

Haryana. With the help of software named eQquest I have calculated the total energy

consumption of that building annually so that I can plant solar panels in order to make it energy

efficient. This research paper mainly highlights the institutional building which mainly focuses

on the energy performance of a building i.e. the energy consumed during the building operation.

Area statement:

Total site area 30432.26 sqm

Academic + Admin 3217.65 sqm

Auditorium 1426.82 sqm

Paved 2702.9 sqm

Amphitheatre 431.20 sqm

Green areas 12600.23 sqm

Canteen 227.49 sqm

Road circulation 4715.04 sqm

Parking 940 sqm

Total Built up area 8516 sqm

Ar. Shreya Jindal and Er. Puneet Mittal


Figure 1 Site Plan of NIFT

2. EQUEST ENERGY SIMULATION

eQUEST is a easy tool to calculate the building energy and it also provides professional-level

results with an affordable level of effort. This software helps to perform the detailed analysis

of any building design without having much experience in the art of building performance

modeling. This is done by combining energy efficiency measure wizard (EEM), a building

creation wizard and graphical displayed results. This wizard creation will help us in creating an

effective building energy model. eQUEST calculates hourly building energy consumption. In

this software heating/cooling loads are calculated using transfer function methodology.

In this software there are some series of steps which describes the design features that would

impact energy use, such as:



Figure 2 General Bar Diagram in eQUEST

3: ENERGY EFFICIENCY

The intent of this criterion is to ensure the energy efficiency of the project.

Strategies

Ensure that the project meets the mandatory requirements of ECBC& all fans must be BEE star

rated- Mandatory

Demonstrate (through simulations) that project EPI is below GRIHA benchmark-

Mandatory[2]

• Peak heat again through building envelope (for each AC building individually) should meet the

GRIHA Building Envelope Peak Heat Gain Factor thresholds- 2 points[2]

• Demonstrate that 100% of outdoor lighting fixtures (lamps+ lamp housing) meet the luminous

efficacy requirements of GRIHA- 1 Point[2]

• All lamps + lamp housing must demonstrate luminous efficacy of at least 75 lumens/watt.

Reduction in EPI will be awarded points as mentioned below:

Table 1 GRIHA thresholds for building envelope peak heat gain factor (w/sqm)

Energy Performance index benchmarks (EPI)- (kWh/m2/ year)

Climate Classification Day time occupancy 24 hours occupancy

5 day a week 7 day a week

Commercial/institutional/academic/hospital buildings

Moderate 75 225

Composite/warm and humid/ hot

and dry

90 300

1. Architectural Design

2. HVAC Equipment

3. Building Type And Size

4. Floor Plan Layout

5. Construction Materials

6. Area Usage And Occupancy

7. Lighting System



Reduction from EPI benchmarks

10% 2

20% 3

30% 5

40% 7

50% 10

4. ENERGY MODEL (eQUEST)

eQUEST is a public domain tool developed by James Hirsch and Associates for Southern

California Edison and is based on the DOE-2.2, the latest version of DOE-2. The main

differences between DOE-2.1E and 2.2 are enhanced geometric representations (support of

multifaceted convex polygons), a 20 newly developed HVAC system concept, and additional

HVAC components and features.

This is the model of NIFT prepared on eQUEST software.

Figure 3 Screenshot Image of eQUEST 3d-Model

Building envelope characteristics

Exterior Wall

• Wall finish with Stone, 1 inch thick (Dholpur Stone)

• Air gap, 4 inches thick

• Cement mortar, 1 inch thick

• Brick, Fly Ash, 8 inches thick

• A.A.C Blocks, 4 inches thick

• Cement mortar, ¾ inch

• Wall finish



Figure 4 Exterior Wall Construction Wizard

Exterior Windows

Glazing in hot & dry as well as composite zones is an element to be designed with utmost care

as it can easily let in the harsh heat with the much needed light. Keeping this in mind allow

SHGC glass was selected which cut down the heat load to a great extent.

Reduction in SHGC also results in to reduction in Visible Light Transmittance (VLT). This

building selection was made for high VLT with low SHGC. Help of daylight simulation and

energy simulation software was taken for arriving at this decision.

eQUEST model was used for examining cost effectiveness of various glazing solutions.

Reducing tonnage of air conditioning during operation can add to the energy saving during

operation.

Figure 5 Glass Properties Wizard



25mm thick Double Glazed Tinted Glass with 12mm thick air (argon) gap.

Table 2 Building Envelope Design and Reason

Element Material/Type Reasons behind the choice

Roof RCC with Heat Resistance Tile To reduce the heat gain from the roof top

Wall Brick with A.A.C. Blocks To maintain the high thermal mass :

A .A.C. Blocks, sandwiched between the wall

layers Windows Double Glazed low heat gain

High visible transmittance glass with

UPVCFrames

To reduce heat gain through conduction, direct

heat gain through solar radiation

Figure 6 Screenshot of Zone names and characteristics of Ground Floor Plan



Figure 7 Screenshot of Zone names and characteristics of First Floor Plan

Figure 8 Screenshot of Cooling Primary Equipment



Table 3 Specifications for developing model of standard case as per ECBC

Criteria for Roof and Wall in Composite Climate (Table 4.4 & 4.5 of ECBC)

Roof [ U-value (W/m2K)] 0.409

Wall [ U-value (W/m2K)] 0.440

Criteria for Glazing in Composite Climate (Table 4.7 of ECBC)

SHGC 0.25

U-value (W/m2K) 3.3

Visual Light Transmittance 0.40

Lighting Power Density (Table 7.2 of ECBC)

Lecture/Classroom 1.40 W/ft2

Corridor 0.50 W/ft2

Office 1.09 W/ft2

Restroom 0.90 W/ft2

Lobby 0.60 W/ft2

Store 0.29 W/ft2

Dining Room 1.40 W/ft2

Mechanical Room 1.49 W/ft2

Occupancy and Equipment power density

Occupancy In standard case occupancy is taken same as actual

case, occupancy observed in actual case is 64

ft2/person.

EPD In standard case EPD is taken same as actual case

(ECBC user guide Table 10.1)

HVAC System (Table 10.2 of ECBC)

Non-Residential Building which has conditioned

area 7500 to 15000 m2

Chilled Water Plant

COP 5.75 (Table 5.1 of ECBC)



Table 4 Summary of Considered Factors

Criteria Standard Case Design Case

Building Envelope

Roof[U-value(W/m2K)]

0.409 0.320

Wall[U-value(W/m2K)]

0.440 1.020

Glazing(SHGC) 0.25 0.28

Glazing[U-value(W/m2K)]

3.3 2.04

Glazing(VLT) 0.40 0.62

Air Conditioning (HVAC)

Coefficient of Performance

(COP)

5.75 6.07

Electric Input Ratio (EIR) 0.1739 0.1647

Schedules

Occupancy(ft2

/person) 64 64

Figure 9 Electric Consumption (MWh)



Points achieved:

EPI achieved (calculated through simulations) =(231010/8516) kwh/m2/year =

27.12kwh/m2/year

By dividing the total energy consumption to the total built up area EPI comes out to be

27.12kwh/m2/year

90 - 27.12 = 62.88 kwh/m2/year

62.88 / 90*100= 69.88% (as it is more than 50%)

69.88 % savings by Energy Performance index benchmarks– 10 Points

5. RENEWABLE ENERGY UTILIZATION

The intent of this criterion is to ensure incorporation of renewable energy sources in the project.

Strategies

On-site/ off-site renewable energy system installation to offset a part of the annual energy

consumption of internal artificial lighting and HVAC systems.

Off-site renewable energy system to offset 100% building energy demand- Mandatory +7

Points [2]

Figure 10 Rooftop Solar Photo Voltaic Panels

Daytime commercial/institutional Buildings Points

2.5% (only on site) Mandatory

5% 1

10% 2

15% 4

20% 5

25% 7



Figure 11 PV syst Software Simulation Result of Photovoltaic Solar Panels



Table 5 250 WpSPV Module Details

Type Poly Crystalline Silicon

Height 5.44Ft

Width 3.27Ft

Open Circuit voltage(Voc) 37V

VocTemperature coefficient -0.05V/◦C

Short circuit current (Isc) 8.8A

Isc Temperature coefficient 0.00344(1/◦C)

Maximum power voltage 30.28V

Points achieved

All the energy supplied to the site is through a renewable source of energy (Photovoltaic cell

Solar Panels – 99.30 MWh/year) which help in achieving all the points for this criterion – 7

Points

6. CONCLUSION

As shown in table 2 and 4, by selecting the appropriate material with low U and R value, we

concluded that the total energy consumption of this building is 231.01mwh and EPI comes out

to be 27.12kwh/m2/year i.e. 69.88 % savings by Energy Performance index. To meet 100%

energy demand solar panels are provided which will produce 99.30 mwh/year. Hence the

building meets the GRIHA standards and is considered as sustainable green building.

REFERENCES

[1] National Building Code (NBC) of India 2005, Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS), New Delhi

[2] GRIHA 2008, National Rating System - Green Rating for Integrated Habitat Assessment

(GRIHA), Ministry of New & Renewable Energy (MNRE), Government of India and The

Energy Resources Institute (TERI), New Delhi

[3] Haryana Building Code

[4] Bai N and Ravindra, “Energy Efficient and Green Technology Concepts” IJRET:

International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology, May-2014, Volume: 03

Special Issue: 06.

[5] Construction Technology Update No 65 .Using Garden Roof Systems to Achieve

Sustainable Building Envelopes by K.Y. Liu and A. Baskaran, published by institute for

research in construction (IRC)-2005.



[6] Ar. Prateek Manke, Dr. Yogesh Garg and Dr. Vinay M.Das. Establishing Process for

Designing of Energy efficient buildings International Journal of Advanced Research in

Engineering and Technology, 6(8), 2015, pp.21-31.

[7] N. Tarun and N. Lokeshwaran, A Case Study on Assessing Energy Efficiency of Existing

Residential Building and Recommendations Ensuring Green Efficiency in Building

Construction Projects. International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology, 8(3),

2017, pp. 921–927.

[8] Singaravelan. A and Kowsalya. M An Effective Home Energy Management Algorithm For

Residential Buildings to Reduce the Usage of Electricity During Peak Hours, International

Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology 8(4) 2017, pp. 2077-2088.

[9] Verma, Sohoni and Verma, “Application of Green Technology in Infrastructure”

International Journal of Scientific Research, Feb 2013, Volume 2, issue 2, ISSN No. 2277-

8179.

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