Design Studio Integrated Technology

Holbeck Construction College & Community Centre

Urban Studio 7084726

Jenine Ragab

Contents Part A: -Contextual Analysis -Precedent Analysis -Building Description -Structure & Material Choice -Special Study Part B: -Professional Practice

-Construction & Sustainability Issues

-Environment & Energy

-Service & Integration Part C: Facade

-3D Detailed Study

-Structure, composition & detail -External Forces Vs. Internal Desires

Design Studio Integrated Technology

A PA

RT

Design Studio Integrated Technology

A PA

RT

Contents Contextual Analysis Precedent Analysis Building Description Structure & Material Choice Special Study

Technology Futures Design Studio

Integrated Technology Report Part A

Urban Studio Jenine Ragab

c7084726

Holbeck Regeneration: “A Buildings Dialogue.”

The overall urban strategy for the town of Holbeck, is continuously reinforced by what the place encompasses. It is vital that the towns identity remains at the forefront and that any new development purely enhances what already exists. It is effortless to propose changes to an existing area and end it there, but it is a true commitment to that community when using those proposals as a stepping stone towards a better way of life. The key agendas for the revitalisation of Holbeck address issues raised by the people themselves. It is undeniable that they truly know what their needs are, experiencing these concerns first hand. The urban strategy is not to be seen as a short term solution for Holbeck, but a life time commitment and a new way of living.

URBAN STUDIO is inspired by RuralStudio - a design-build architecture studio run by Auburn University, Alabama, USA. Their objective is:

"If architecture is going to nudge, cajole, and inspire a community to challenge the status quo into making

responsible changes, it will take the subversive leadership of academics and practitioners who keep reminding students of

the profession's responsibilities." Samuel Mockbee

CHAPTER 1: CONTEXTUAL ANALYSIS>>> TECH .A

British Isles- Leeds in Context

Leeds in a European Context

Leeds City Centre & Rim of disconnection

During the last decade Leeds City Centre has seen a renaissance. The skyline has dramatically changed. Money through development has been made in considerable sums. However, in stark contrast, the 'Rim' around the centre of Leeds has looked on, stagnant. Is this fair?...... The Urban Studio will explore the potential of the Rim, particularly to the South of the city and specifically Holbeck.....

HOLBECK

HOLBECK MOOR

>>>IN CONTEXT

>>>INITIAL OBSERVATIONS

Strong industrial heritage-apparent throughout.

Division caused by motorway

Heavy through traffic along Top Moorside causing division

Ignored potential of Holbeck viaduct

Disjointed community from City centre

Housing in relatively poor state-in need of restoration

Community broken up

Former Matthew Murray School site left dormant-potential site for redevelopment

Allotments available to community –opportunity to promote a more sustainable & healthy lifestyle

>>>INITIAL OBSERVATIONS

CHAPTER 1: CONTEXTUAL ANALYSIS>>> TECH .A

Revitalising the existing back to back terraces-enhancing social cohesion

>>>PROPOSITION: NURTURING THE COMMUNITY

>>>IDENTIFY: THE REALITY

to mortality rate, smoking and

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ere deprevat

issues such as teena

sity and a gen Within Holbeck over 40% of

the population is considered to be in ill health, with

26% of these

people having a lifelong limit- ing illness. ONS Beeston & Holbeck Ward

When observing statistics fact mental & behavioural dis prevalent.

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most common respectively.

40% of households within Holbeck

than £10,000.

There are major concerns regarding employment deprivation, health deprivation and disability, educational opportunities and the living environment of the community of Holbeck.......

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and smoking

Shared Space –improving the urban environment

Rejuvenating the existing allotment area; educating the community and providing them with the tools to led a healthier lifestyle.

Urban Forest-providing an ideal environment for outdoor activities

Introducing a place for higher education-working in conjunction with the existing Ingram Primary School ,providing an opportunity for the community to further their potential

A new way of living-creating a new residential area which strives towards reducing its carbon footprint and providing a sustainable way of living

Creating a core to the community with the introduction of a hybrid educational facility →investigate, analyse and mediate.

The City Commuter-an ideal location in close proximity to the city centre, with the proposal of a direct green link along the viaduct. The new residential development will provide an opportunity to expand thus creating a lifetime home.

Massive inequalities persist in our cities and amongst many other issues a growing housing demand is a big challenge. How can we build compact, well-designed, sustainable neighbourhoods which make best use of disused sites, are well served by public transport and key amenities, and do not weaken existing urban areas? Opportunities to create sustainable, environmentally friendly communities are being missed because factors such as transport provision, employment prospects and lifestyle balance are being overlooked. Among all known renewable energies the most efficient and the only one of its kind capable of regenerating infinitely producing “zero environmental harm” is EDUCATION. This type of energy is an inexhaustible supply of knowledge that spreads from person to person covering vast extensions of area resulting in massive social, environmental and economical progress. With it once being the industrial powerhouse to the city of Leeds, the time has come for Holbeck to reclaim its status; providing the community with the knowledge they need for a more positive and sustainable lifestyle. The community of Holbeck needs an educational facility with a difference, where people who feel isolated can belong and those that need the support to better themselves can find that helping hand. The college will focus primarily on teaching construction and technology skills- providing a hands on experience rather than the common monotonous blackboard approach, which often lacks the inspiration and creativity that is needed to stimulate the mind. With the proposal of a new residential development to be sited adjacent to the college, it will be here that the newly acquired skills of the community are put into practice- first learning and then applying their skills in the construction of these new flexible dwellings. The college will constantly draw inspiration from the belief that..... If you tell me I'll forget, If you show me I may remember, but If you involve me I'll understand. With this in mind the college itself will set an example- with the architecture being both functional as well as illustrative on how sustainable technologies work and so creating a dialogue with community. The building is a learning resource in itself. The college will be underpinned by the localist vision-putting the local community at the forefront and in control. It is the centres commitment to ensure that the people of Holbeck benefit from the development. With local businesses endorsing the colleges objectives, work placements and future employment opportunities will reinforce the future vision of Holbeck. Far more than an educational hub, the college will be the engine of the community; both in the sense of energy production for the surrounding neighbourhood, but also a core to the community that both the students and members of public can have the benefit of. Setting the precedence for Holbeck and its community, the college will strengthen the image and pride that people have in their area.

CHAPTER 1: CONTEXTUAL ANALYSIS>>> TECH .A

>>>PROPOSITION

CHAPTER 1: CONTEXTUAL ANALYSIS>>> TECH .A

1815-2010>>> TIMELINE

LOCATION WITHIN LEEDS >>>THE RIM SITE>>> ANALYSIS

By analysing the area of which the centre is proposed for and reviewing its personal attributions and context, we can begin to gather key information which will influence the design of the building and in turn result in the right environmental design solutions and strategies being made. The climatic data of the site, shown in the graph below, demonstrates a generally cool temperature throughout the year, which must be taken into consideration when insulating the building and when assessing the use of passive ventilation. With the area seeing moderate to high rainfall throughout the year, there is much potential for rainwater collection and reuse. The images on the following page, observe the area on a Macro Level. With the site being independent from its neighbouring buildings, our centre already has the advantage of not being affected by overshadowing. With this opportunity of gaining large amounts of solar radiation coupled with the medium to high sunlight hours, the area demonstrates great potential for the integration of passive solar design and solar energy solutions into the scheme. Beyond this climatic analysis, it is notable that the close proximity of this site to Leeds City Centre, emphasised further by the potential of the disused viaduct to the North of the site, is ideal for employees working in the City who are looking for additional training to supplement their career, as well as a key connection for the people of Holbeck.

Climatic Data-Holbeck, Leeds

The new construction college will be situated here on the former Matthew Murray High School site.

Proposed construction college: At the heart of the community-bridging the gap between existing and new development.

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Urban Identity Massing

Access & Connection

Direct connection to industrial zone

Linear connection along Brown Lane-main thoroughfare

SITE

Disused viaduct providing key link for employment.

City Centre

Buildings of Heritage Industrial Poor State/Derelict

Industrial-In Use

Housing-mixed development-good condition

Public buildings

Proposed demolition sites

Back to Back Housing Stock Restoration Required: -Low priority -Medium priority -High priority

Urban Identity Key

The massing of Holbeck elucidates a well established dense building language. This reinforces the concept of creating a walkable community-a sustainable concept which enhances social cohesion. The urban identity of Holbeck highlights the major need for regeneration. It is visible that there is an existing community which must remain at the forefront of this. There is great potential with direct links to surrounding industrial areas as highlight by access and connections, as well as the forgotten urban fabric of Holbeck, which will is fundamental to the overall regeneration of the town.

The construction college embodies and further enhances a new way of living. With the promotion of a more sustainable lifestyle, the centre will become the engine that powers the community. Such renewable features of the proposed new housing, as creating energy and harnessing water, will be enhanced here-with key components such as the combined heat and power system being sited here. Beyond this however, there is an underlying educational purpose to the centre. The deprivation within Holbeck at present is extremely high. With the introduction of new housing and the restoration of the area, this issue begins to be addressed, but it is key that the people as individuals are given a life line that not only benefits them on a personal level, but that also enables the town of Holbeck to be ‘rebuilt’.

Bridging the gap between as designed and actual performance.

Urban Retrofitting the streets of Holbeck

Enjoying the new flexible housing and green space.

The proposals which make up the urban strategy are all part of enriching the town of Holbeck, but who is responsible for making it all happen??........ Building the new flexible houses will contribute greatly to up-skilling the community. -brick layers -carpentry -electricians These are just a handful of trades that will be needed in part of the construction. The centre will provide apprenticeships for the people of Holbeck, and in turn both the person as well as the community will reap the rewards. Greening the streets of the existing back to back terrace houses is a major part of promoting social cohesion within the community and an outdoor space that all can be proud of. -civil engineers & site workers -landscape designers -gardeners Such trades are vital in making this happen. In addition to this they will also aid in..... Creating a place for the people, such as the proposed communal space situated at the top of Brown Lane. In addition to learning such trades the public can also learn about healthier ways of living and protecting the environment; improving their overall lifestyle and well being.

Places for people- a communal space for all to be part

of.

>>>PROGRAM ANALYSIS: A BY-PRODUCT

CHAPTER 1: CONTEXTUAL ANALYSIS>>> TECH .A

CHAPTER 1: CONTEXTUAL ANALYSIS>>> TECH .A

Foul Water Treatment

Private Educational Facilities

Public Areas

Sustainable Zones

CHP (combined heat & power system)

Sustainable Water System

Rainwater Harvesting

Solar Gain

Photovoltaic System

Lecture Theatre

Workshops

Offices

Wood Work

Electrics

Brickwork

Site-work

Power Conservation

Plumbing

Cookery Department

CAFE

Ground Floor First Floor

Crèche

LIBRARY

Office

Help Desk

ICT

COLLEGE

Study Areas

Kitchen facilities

COMMUNITY ARCADE

Reception

Staff Room

Managers office

Meeting Rooms

Consultation Offices

Classrooms

Group Learning Areas

Quiet Learning Areas

Play Zone Children’s Learning with

Nature

First Aid

Biodiversity Habitat

Indoor Gardens

POWER GENERATION

Willow Coppice

By analysing the purpose and function of each distinguished area within the centre, such environmental issues as heating, ventilation and lighting can be addressed. Certain events within a building can generate excessive heat or produce superfluous moisture and therefore require particular design specifications to accommodate these spaces. Light quality can also have a direct impact on the comfort of a space, therefore highlighting the task and general illumination of an area is key.

Mechanically ventilated

Heated in Winter

Daylight control

Shade Tolerable

Task Lighting

Soft Lighting

Naturally Lit

Naturally Ventilated

Natural Daylight Control

These spaces should be flexible to accommodate a variety of subjects and methods of teaching, to small or larger groups of students.

Classrooms

Private space for the community to use. These areas provide a private meeting space when seeking advice and help from the centre.

Consultation rooms

Lecture rooms

Reception

These learning areas will be open primarily to the students for use in both group sessions and individual studies. The public may also use them on request.

Study areas

The cafe offers a recreational space to students, as well as key public space for the community.

Cafe

The library will facilitate both the community and the centre, providing a key information and ICT zone to all.

Library

Toilet facilities pin pointed around the centre for both students, staff and the public.

WCs

Changing rooms and shower facilities for the students, in close proximity to the centres practical workshops.

Changing rooms

Staff facilities will provide office and consultation space as well as a central staff room for recreation.

The cafe kitchen will also occasional play host to the cookery departments students, for practical experience.

Kitchen

Offices

Building systems, including both mechanical and passive systems- sited here for maintenance and building governance.

Power Generation

Workshops

Community Arcade

z

Primarily the theatre will be available to the students for group seminars, however the space will also offer an auditorium for pre booked public events.

Situated at the entrance to the community arcade, the reception will be the initial information point for both students and members of public.

The heart of both the centre and the community-a large indoor space, for recreation and access to all adjoining zones.

Practical work spaces- each designated to a specific skill. Direct delivery access for heavy goods and materials.

>>>PROXIMITY DIAGRAM

>>>PROGRAM SCHEDULE

The proximity diagram, demonstrates the importance of the building layout and how spaces work in conjunction with one another in order to create a harmonious environment. The diagram shows, that even when a building is comprised of a number of functions, it is still integral that each individual space works as part of an overall strategy and not independently.

Central to the aims of the low carbon development is the preservation of Mexico City’s indigenous plants and species and the creation of a vital new nature reserve. This wilderness area, together with enhanced landscaped areas, will account for 50 percent of the site.

The Campus Biometropolis masterplan for El Pedregal in Mexico, embodies the true unity of environment with building design. Responding to the urban grain of Mexico City, the masterplan integrates public plazas, pedestrian streets and cooling courtyards and the buildings will be oriented to capture the prevailing winds from the north. The campus will not exacerbate Mexico City’s water shortage, instead maintaining and augmenting the proportion of green space through which water can be absorbed into the aquifer below and harvesting rainwater on roofs, roads and available space. Central to the aims of the low carbon development is the preservation of Mexico City’s indigenous plants and species and the creation of a vital new nature reserve. This wilderness area, together with enhanced landscaped areas, will account for 50 percent of the site. Managed through UNAM and Mexico City’s government, it will provide an attractive landscaped setting for the buildings within the masterplan and safeguard the future of the land through sensitive development. The arrangement of buildings navigates the Pedregal lava fields, a network of subterranean lava tubes and caves, sections of which will be exposed to encourage scientific investigation.

FOSTER+pARTNERS

>>>Longitudinal Environmental Section looking West towards the city.

PRECEDENT ANALYSIS: ENVIRONMENTAL>>> TECH .A

The building detailing is used as a ‘lesson in construction’ for the students: ceiling soffits are exposed, as are the building services; where possible wall systems are exposed; the plant room is caged; workshop and stair floors are exposed concrete and coated with a dust sealer.

The building is a 1,400 square metre, two storey structure with workshops on the ground floor and classrooms and the administration area on the upper floor. North lights provide daylight to the double-height workshop areas, minimising the need for electric lighting to the space and creating a dramatic look to the external building. Angled timber brise-soleil protects the west-facing office and classroom windows from solar heat gain, whilst providing a clear view of the sky to the north. Externally, the roof features photovoltaic panels and a sedum roof to support biodiversity. Environmental mitigation was incorporated into the building in the form of solar panels on the sloping roof and also a “green roof”. The solar panels will contribute energy to run the lights and appliances and the flat part of the roof has been planted with grasses that help to absorb airborne pollutants and carbon dioxide whilst also giving extra insulation.

Situated on the edge of the 67 acre development in the heart of London, the Kings Cross Construction Skills Centre (CSC), sets to bridge the gap between local training and employment. Completed in 2008 by David Morley Architects, the centre sets a high precedence by being one of the first buildings to be erected here.

The building is a ‘lesson in construction’

With three major construction partners having signed up to a delivery model which provides work placements and future employment opportunities, the centre itself offers local people the training and professional qualifications they need to build their future, as well as meeting training targets and fulfilling skill shortages within the profession.

The new facility will be a centre of excellence for work based learning in construction, providing up to 150 apprenticeship places; primarily locally based young adults, aged between 16-18, every year. The centre will be a "one stop" facility where Apprentices will be taught both the theory and practical elements of construction.

As well as obtaining their Construction Skills Certification (CSC) Scheme Health & Safety qualifications which is now compulsory with most contractors, the trainees can choose from a number of trades to learn, including carpentry and joinery, brick-laying and civil engineering (groundwork's). In addition to the apprenticeship program, the Skill Centre will offer a range of bespoke courses that meet the employment needs of the contractors in the area.

PRECEDENT ANALYSIS: TECHNICAL>>> TECH .A

>>>KINGS CROSS CONSTRUCTION SKILLS CENTRE

VERTICAL AXIS WIND TURBINE

SOLAR THERMAL & PV PANELS

RAINWATER COLLECTION

MALQAF-WIND CATCHER

SEPTIC TANK (SEWAGE TREATMENT AREA)

FOUL WATER TREATMENT

RAINWATER STORE BIOFUEL-CHP

HOT WATER

ELECTRICITY

LOW-E LIGHTING & APPLIANCES

LOW FLUSH WC

TRANSOM WINDOWS

A sustainable expandable house that incorporates and comply with sustainable design principles and codes covering energy/CO2, pollution, water, health and well-being, materials, management, surface water harvesting, ecology and waste. The expandable house façade is articulated vertically, with its vertical greenery further enriching the street-scape, whilst shading the interior and offering privacy. Sustainable design objectives are achieved through a variety of complimentary strategies. At the urban design scale, building on a disused site intensifies the city and increases density without incurring additional infrastructural cost or triggering a larger urban footprint.

CHAPTER 3: BUILDING DESCRIPTION>>> TECH .A

>>>APPLYING SKILLS

The new homes will be constructed from energy efficient materials, designed to very high insulation standards and orientated towards the sun to maximise passive solar heating. Whilst the new homes are designed to be prefabricated, it is envisaged that local labour will be used for training, up skilling and enhancing social inclusion. The Flexible house is so versatile that it can be used in high density housing layouts achieving 40 units per hectare as well as low density housing of 15 to 20 units per hectare, thus .accommodating various design and social needs criteria. A density of 40 dph (dwellings per hectare) has been achieved, creating a walkable community.

These panels are incredibly strong and can be used for both the load bearing and non load bearing walls of almost any building

Vertical Axis Wind Turbines (VAWT)

Roof mounted Photovoltaics & Solar thermal evacuated tubes

Wind catcher (malqaf) unit with timber louvers

Sedum roof-skygardens

SIP-Structural Insulation Panels

Thermal mass concrete floor

Internal thermal mass floor: pre- stressed concrete with finishing options available- reclaimed tiles, sustainably sourced timber flooring

External leaf construction (alternative options available to users preference-locally sourced stone, timber or tile cladding, brickwork or sand/cement render on brickwork

Thermal inertia is used to keep internal conditions comfortable. Dense concrete blockwork and concrete floor slabs provide thermal mass that absorbs heat during warm periods and releases heat at cooler times.

Kit frame

Glulam-glued laminated timber post and beam construction

Pre-fabricated timber stairs

>>>LONGITUDINAL SECTION THROUGH DWELLING

>>>ANTICIPATED METHOD OF CONSTRUCTION

This dynamic environmental enclosure is being designed with conservation and education requirements as key principles. The idea of having this shared semi open space would make any members of the community passing through feel part of the building

The roof topography is used to direct water to depressions where large amounts can be stored -> Such methods of water collection can be seen in insects with hydrophilic—water attracting—and hydrophobic water repelling—biological features, created to intersperse, collect and direct the flow of water.

The roofscape is incorporated into a system of urban green surfaces that provide important links for the migration of species, possibly supporting existing biotope structures and habitat networks and promoting biodiversity in the local environment.

Access to the roofscape from inside the building

A plerergate is a polymorph of an ant, also known as a replete or rotund, characterized by an enlarged abdominal area, for the purpose of food storage. This occurs in honey ants. Other ants then extract nourishment from them. They function essentially as living larders. This function is ideal for working in conjunction with the hydrophilic roofscape, collecting water and storing it.

The reactive facade responds to movement of passers by, creating a staggered image in motion

Initial Impression of construction college- A section through the central space and roofscape

CHAPTER 3: BUILDING DESCRIPTION>>> TECH .A >>>HOLBECK CONSTRUCTION COLLEGE

1. Community arcade → Hydrophilic roof enclosing main space: aiding power generation and harvesting rainwater

2. Cafe & kitchen → upper level: additional cafe seating and student recreation area.

3. Library → upper level: ICT suite 4. Lecture Theatre 5. Crèche 6. Cookery Department 7. Woodwork & Pre-fabricated housing

construction. 8. Brickwork 9. Civil engineering (groundwork's) 10. Power conservation 11. Plumbing 12. Electrics 13. Staff Zone-offices and consultation rooms 14. Plant Room & Environmental Studies

First Floor Plan 1:1000

Public Educational Environmental

KEY:

Ground Floor Plan 1:1000

Car Park

1 2

3

4

5

6 7

8

9

10

11 12 13

14

Direct delivery access to workshops

Crèche opening directly out onto play

zone

Brown Lane

Main Entrance

Direct link to new

residential development

A

A

Hydrophilic Roof

Principle of integration: PV Flexibles on the ETFE cushion structure

The concept behind the overall roof design has been maintained-with the intention of educating the people through design still prevalent. This has been developed further, with the idea that the function of the roof is exaggerated externally and that the users view the structure and the ‘mechanics’ from within the main arcade.

The canopy of the Glulam trees’ will channel the rainwater down from the rooftop.

The main roof structure will be composed of triangulated Glulam joists which will be the preliminary support to the ETFE cushions. These will be integrated with a photovoltaic membrane, utilising the vast area for maximum solar gain.

d

d d d

d

d

d

d d d d

Efficient use of finite natural

materials

Minimising environmental

damage Specification of materials with low environmental

impact

Use products with higher recycled content

Use local C&D waste/reclaimed products

Use less material Waster avoidance and

minimisation

Return surplus material

Segregate, recover, reclaim and recycle

Material selection Waste Management

Energy

Sustainable Goals

Materials Water

ETFE is to be used in the construction of the roof. It’s u-value of 1.96 w/m²°K outweighs that of triple glazing, as well as having an extremely high light transmittance and the benefit of being extremely lightweight. ETFE can be recycled with ease, but due to its properties (does not degrade under UV light, sunlight, weather, pollution) it has a very long life which is estimated between 50-100 years, making the need for recycling small. Excess material from the cushion manufacturing process can be recycled effectively by all ETFE suppliers.

The existing architecture of Holbeck, consists mostly of the Victorian era and therefore the use of brick is substantial. As shown to the left many of the original back to back terrace houses have already been, and are

Timber shall be used extensively throughout the building, composing the structural system of the college. Timber columns shall be used in conjunction with large Glulam beams which will span the building and provide structural support to the adjoining triangulated roof system. Sustainably sourced timber shall be used as much as possible.

CHAPTER 4: STRUCTURE & MATERIAL CHOICE>>> TECH .A >>>HOLBECK CONSTRUCTION COLLEGE

>>>LONGITUDINAL SECTION A-A >>>MATERIAL EFFICIENCY AS PART OF A SUSTAINABLE CONSTRUCTION

proposed for, demolition. It is proposed that full advantage shall be taken here, and reclamation of materials shall be integrated into the colleges construction.

>>>HYDROPHILIC ROOF STRUCTURE

B PA

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Design Studio Integrated Technology

B PA

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Contents Professional Practice Construction & Sustainability Issues Environment & Energy Service & Integration

Building Prices Per Square Metre Circulation: •Stairs =325m2 •Lifts = 62.5m2 •Walkways = 937.5m2 •Restaurant balcony = 50m2

→ @ £1,100/m2 = £1,512,500

Educational: •Classrooms = 600m2 → @ £880/m2 = £528,000 •Cookery Zones = 475m2 = → @ £2,175/m2 = £1,033,125 •Lecture Theatre = 325m2 → @ £1,975/m2 = £641,875 •Library/Learning Resource Centre = 1000m2 → @ £1,225/m2 = £1,225,000 •Main Construction Workshop = 1125m2 → @ £1,100 = £1,237,500 •Plant Room = 162.5m2 → @ £790/m2 = £ 128,375 →total = £4,793,875

Public Facilities: •Atrium = 862.5m2 → @ £2,100/m2 = £ 1,811,250 •Common rooms = 37.5m2 → @ £640/m2 = £24,000 •Crèche = 475m2 → @ £1,050/m2 = £ 498,750 •Multi-functional Area = 375m2 → @ £880/m2 = £330,000 •Reception = 12.5m2 → @ £920/m2 = £11,500 •Restaurant = 312.5m2 → @ £1,175/m2 = £367,187.50 •Toilets & cloakrooms = 612.5m2 → @ £1,100/m2 = £673,750 →total = £3,716,437.50

Social: •Common & Meeting Rooms = 287.5m2 → @ £640/m2 = £184,000 •Offices (all areas) = 612.5m2 → @ £1,175/m2 = £719,687.50 •Social/Study Pods = 137.5m2 → @ £880/m2 = £121,000 →total = £1,024,687.50 → Overall Gross Internal Area = 8787.5m2

Overall Construction Costs: Ground Floor = £ 6,275,125 First Floor = £3,540,562.50 Second Floor = £1,231,812.50 TOTAL CONSTRUCTION COST = £11,047,500 * Based on Gross Internal Floor Area (GIFA)

PROFESSIONAL PRACTICE>>> TECH .B

•Construction costs- based on per functional unit = £11,047,500 The following figures are derived from the total construction cost: •Contingency @ 5%= £ 552,375 •Professional fees @ 10% = £ 1,104,750 •Finance @ 1% = £110,475 •Developers Profit @ 10% = £ 1,104,750

Factory/Offices with High Technology Production Net lettable area: 5480m2 •Rent values in area: £64.56 m2 per annum. (Price based on average from http://www.showcase.co.uk) Net Income → Net lettable area x 64.56 Net Income = £ 353,788.80 per year •Yield = 8% •Years Purchase = 100/8 = 12.5 •GDV (Gross Development Value) → Net income x 12.5 (years purchase) GDV = £4,422,360 •Letting fee on maximum return of £353,788.80 @ 9% (of let income) = £31,841 •Sale fee → 2% of GDV = £ 88,447.20 •Developer Profit → 10% of GDV = £442,236 *(GDV is the same as Capital Value) Land Value = GDV – Total fees →construction cost → @ £585/m2 x 5480 (net lettable area) = £3,205,800 →contingency @ 5% = £160,290 →fees @ 10% = £320,580 →finance @ 1% of construction cost = £32,058 → developers profit @ 10% = £320,580 →rental fees on maximum return of £353,788.80 (net income) @ 9% = £ 31,841 Land Value = £4,422,360 - £ 4,071,149 = £ 351,211

>>> DEVELOPMENT APPRAISAL

>>>COST PLANNING

As the college will be a non profit development an alternative use will be used to calculate the land value. This will be the amount a developer would be willing to pay for the land of which the site consists of. The development used to make a comparison will be an industrial unit with high technology production to relate to the curriculum that will be taught within the college. The area of Holbeck is also predominantly industrial orientated and therefore the most likely alternative for the building use. The Net Lettable Area, (or the Gross Lettable Area) is the area for which a tenant could be charged for occupancy under a lease. Generally, it is the floor space (square metres) contained within a tenancy at each floor level measured from the internal measured surfaces of permanent external walls and permanent internal walls but excluding features such as balconies and verandas, common use areas, areas less than 1.5m in height, service areas, and public spaces and thoroughfares.

>>>NET INCOME

>>>COLLEGE ACCESS & MOVEMENT Main Vertical Circulation Educational Facilities Public Facilities Staff Zone WCs Movement Direction & Exits Zones

>>>Ground Floor >>>First Floor >>>Second Floor >>>All Levels

A appraisal

Identification of client’s needs and objectives, business case and possible constraints on development. Preparation of feasibility studies and assessment of options to enable the client to decide whether to proceed.

B design brief

Development of initial statement of requirements into the Design Brief by or on behalf of the client confirming key requirements and constraints. Identification of procurement method, procedures, organisational structure and range of consultants and others to be engaged for the project.

C concept Implementation of Design Brief and preparation of additional data. Preparation of Concept Design including outline proposals for structural and building services systems, outline specifications and preliminary cost plan. Review of procurement route.

D design development

Development of concept design to include structural and building services systems, updated outline specifications and cost plan. Completion of Project Brief. Application for detailed planning permission. E technical

design Preparation of technical design(s) and specifications, sufficient to co-ordinate components and elements of the project and information for statutory standards and construction safety.

F product information

Preparation of detailed information for construction. Application for statutory approvals. Preparation of further information for construction required under the building contract. Review of information provided by specialists.

G tender document

Preparation and/or collation of tender documentation in sufficient detail to enable a tender or tenders to be obtained for the project.

H tender action

Identification and evaluation of potential contractors and/or specialists for the project. Obtaining and appraising tenders; submission of recommendations to the client.

J mobilisation Letting the building contract, appointing the contractor. Issuing of information to the contractor. Arranging site hand over to the contractor.

K construction to practical completion

Administration of the building contract to Practical Completion. Provision to the contractor of further information as and when reasonably required. Review of information provided by contractors and specialists.

L post practical completion

Administration of the building contract after Practical Completion and making final inspections. Assisting building user during initial occupation period. Review of project performance in use.

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>>>RIBA WORK STAGES >>>FEE PROPOSAL

For the construction of Holbecks Construction College and Community Centre, a traditional method of procurement, in the means of a lump sum contract will be used. In conjunction with this a PPC will be drawn up, allowing all work stages to be carried out with in the most direct fashion. Traditional Procurement In this method the Contractor builds to a defined scope of works for a fixed price lump sum. The client retains the responsibility for the design and the project team, as well as direct contractual relationship with Consultants and Main Contractor. The contractor will be appointed normally following a tender process or negotiation and will sign up to a contract for the works.

4.5% Tender of Total Construction Costs + VAT→ £11,047,500 + VAT = £ 13,257,000

4.5% tender = £ 596,565 The Outline Plan of Work organises the process of managing and designing building projects and administering building contracts into a number of key Work Stages. The sequence or content of Work Stages may vary or they may overlap to suit the procurement method. The following document, produced by the RIBA, summarises each stage, providing a vital reference for the preparation of construction.

>>>Summary of Procurement & Contract Strategy

With lump sum contracts, the contract sum is determined before construction work is started. Contracts ‘with quantities’ are priced on the basis of drawings and firm bills of quantities. ‘Without quantities’ means a contract priced on the basis of drawings and usually another document, such as a specification or work schedules. Project Partnering Contract (PPC) A multi-party contract puts the Constructor, the Consultants and Key Specialist subcontractors/suppliers on the same terms and conditions through a single contract, so that they are fully aware of each other’s roles and responsibilities and owe each other a direct duty of care. This avoids the risk of inconsistencies, gaps or duplications otherwise present in a series of two party contracts and thereby establishes a much stronger contractual base for all activities. It also avoids the Client having to act as the conduit for communication and resolution of problems between other team members. PROFESSIONAL PRACTICE>>> TECH .B

SUSTAINABILITY ISSUES>>> TECH .B

A

C B D E F

G

H

I J

K

>>>Gutter detail

>>>Roof louvre detail

>>>Longitudinal Section A-A through

‘The Street’ 1:50

SUSTAINABILITY ISSUES>>> TECH .B

>>>Longitudinal Section A-A through

‘The Street’ 1:50

F L

A

M

H

>>> Study Pod detail

>>> Foundation detail

SUSTAINABILITY ISSUES>>> TECH .B

SUSTAINABILITY ISSUES>>> TECH .B

A Electrically operated vertical timber louvres

B Glulam horizontal louvres

C Prefabricated floors & roof SIP cassettes fixed securely to Glulam beams comprising of 25mm Oriented Timber Strand boards (OSB) Breathing membrane 300x50mm SS grade timber joists 300mm Expanded polystyrene insulation & accommodating where required galvanised steel ducts housing: ·Heating and air conditioning ·Ventilation ·Water sprinkler system ·Electric power and lighting ·Communication and IT cables ·Hot & cold water supplies ·Soil , waste & grey water pipes Vapour barrier 25mm OSB Oriented Timber Strand boards ready to accept room finish

D Roof Covering Sika-Trocal adhered system using Type SGK membrane, which has an integral polyester fleece backing that helps mask the appearance of insulation board or timber deck joints. The Type SGK membrane is adhered to the substrate using Sika-Trocal Type C300 polyurethane adhesive. The SIP cassettes or any other substrate should be smooth and free of sharp objects like proud screw heads, the membrane should be able to achieve intimate contact with the substrate. Sika-Trocal HD Walkway 4 mm thick Sika-Trocal slip resisting embossed walkway surfacing material to be welded on top of Sika-Trocal Type SGK membrane around roof lights and services areas. Sika-Trocal DS-Alu Aluminium foil faced reinforced polyethylene high performance vapour barrier. Accessories Use Sika-Trocal ancillary products of pre-fabricated corners, double sided tape and drainage goods as required.

D Sika-Trocal Metal Galvanised steel sheet with a layer of Sika-Trocal Type S membrane factory laminated to it. Sika- Trocal Metal is used to fabricate upstands, perimeter profiles and other details. Installation Method /Tools Partially adhered by Sika-Trocal C 300 adhesive. Adhesive is applied to substrate in strips out of the container and spread into thin film by squeegee. The sheet is rolled out into adhesive bed to bond instantly to the polyester fleece surface. The roof perimeter is mechanically fixed by Sika-Trocal Metal Sheet Type S profile to create a peel stop, or as otherwise indicated in the appropriate application guide. Membrane Welding Overlap seams are welded by electric hot welding equipment. The effective width of welded overlaps should be minimum 20 mm.

E Galvanised steel service ducts between SIP cassettes timber joists comprising of heating and air conditioning Ventilation Water sprinkler system Electric power Communication and IT cables Hot & cold water supplies Soil , waste & grey water pipes

F SMR 900 satin anodised aluminium double glazed roofing system with integrated Photovoltaic cells

G Electrically operated louvre windows

H -20mm thick stainless steel anchoring plate bolted to r.c. edge beam

I -50mm thick paving stones -50mm sand & cement screed -150mm hardcore

J Reinforced concrete pile cap & piles

K -20mm thick marble floor -20mm marble adhesive -50mm sand & cement screed -DPM -150,, reinforced concrete slab -150mm hardcore

L Glulam horizontal louvres

M -SMR 900 satin anodised aluminium -double glazed curtain walling system

>>>Longitudinal Section A-A through ‘The Street’ 1:200

SUSTAINABILITY ISSUES>>> TECH .B

The construction college embodies and further enhances a new way of living. With the promotion of a more sustainable lifestyle, the centre will become the engine that powers the community. Such renewable features of the proposed new housing, as creating energy and harnessing water, will be enhanced here-with key components such as the combined heat and power system being sited here. Beyond this however, there is an underlying educational purpose to the centre. The deprivation within Holbeck at present is extremely high. With the introduction of new housing and the restoration of the area, this issue begins to be addressed, but it is key that the people as individuals are given a life line that not only benefits them on a personal level, but that also enables the town of Holbeck to be ‘rebuilt’.

Massive inequalities persist in our cities and amongst many other issues a growing housing demand is a big challenge. How can we build compact, well-designed, sustainable neighbourhoods which make best use of disused sites, are well served by public transport and key amenities, and do not weaken existing urban areas? Opportunities to create sustainable, environmentally friendly communities are being missed because factors such as transport provision, employment prospects and lifestyle balance are being overlooked. Among all known renewable energies the most efficient and the only one of its kind capable of regenerating infinitely producing “zero environmental harm” is EDUCATION. This type of energy is an inexhaustible supply of knowledge that spreads from person to person covering vast extensions of area resulting in massive social, environmental and economical progress. With it once being the industrial powerhouse to the city of Leeds, the time has come for Holbeck to reclaim its status; providing the community with the knowledge they need for a more positive and sustainable lifestyle. The community of Holbeck needs an educational facility with a difference, where people who feel isolated can belong and those that need the support to better themselves can find that helping hand. The college will focus primarily on teaching construction and technology skills- providing a hands on experience rather than the common monotonous blackboard approach, which often lacks the inspiration and creativity that is needed to stimulate the mind. With the proposal of a new residential development to be sited adjacent to the college, it will be here that the newly acquired skills of the community are put into practice- first learning and then applying their skills in the construction of these new flexible dwellings. The building is a learning resource in itself. The college will be underpinned by the localist vision-putting the local community at the forefront and in control. It is the centres commitment to ensure that the people of Holbeck benefit from the development. With local businesses endorsing the colleges objectives, work placements and future employment opportunities will reinforce the future vision of Holbeck. Far more than an educational hub, the college will be the engine of the community; both in the sense of energy production for the surrounding neighbourhood, but also a core to the community that both the students and members of public can have the benefit of. Setting the precedence for Holbeck and its community, the college will strengthen the image and pride that people have in their area.

>>>Thermal Efficiency

Climate change and resource depletion The building orientation and design ensures good access to northern light with large expanses of glazing that allow light to reach deep into the building. Glazing to the south is designed to take advantage of the depth of the Straw Bale facades by recessing the sections of glazing to minimise direct sunlight and prevent overheating. The larger expanses of glazing to the South use a combination of brise soleil and an extruding canopy to provide solar shading. The choice of a timber and straw bale construction type, natural ventilation strategy and use of renewable energy sources ensure the building does not add to the growing problems of climate change and resource depletion. Analysis Timber is one of the oldest building materials used by humans for their shelter, and is recognised for its softness, warmth and versatility as well as out performing many other building materials in terms of its renewability, malleability and adaptiveness. The timber is then combined with pre fabricated Straw Bale components which use three natural and sustainable materials - timber, straw and lime render. The straw provides great insulation properties and the lime render provides a breathable coating for the straw. It also reduces the greenhouse gas effect over its lifetime, re-absorbing the CO2 released during the manufacturing process making it close to carbon neutral. Structure The structure consists of a straw bale curtain wall system with structural support from a Glulam timber frame. The straw bale components consist of a cross-laminated timber frame filled with compressed straw and finished with render. The breathable coating prevents decay and protects the straw from the external environment. To reduce travel distances the components are constructed using a ‘flying factory’ system where by they are constructed in a local barn using local labour and locally harvested materials. All timber used is sourced from sustainably managed forests. The choice of structure allows for quick construction, less waste and less disruption to the community. Recycling The structures connection details have been designed to ensure that if required the timber can be disassembled and separated from any steel fixtures which can then be recycled, re used or disposed of as biomass fuel. Other Systems Security-The main entrance to the College is situated to the North of the building. On entering from this point, the main reception is the users first port of call, with a member of staff

BUILDING>>> BRIEF registering each person; providing them with a ‘membership’ card, which provides access to all public facilities. The North facade comprises of a vast glazed curtain wall; providing reception staff with direct sight lines to the car park, bike storage and those approaching. Although there is a secondary entrance to the South end of ‘The Street’, this is only accessible with the users membership card, meaning that all users are authorised to enter the building.

The use of timber cassettes filled with expanded polystyrene demonstrates the beneficial exposure of thermal mass within the building. This is significant in terms of the passive comfort cooling effect, as people sense an ‘operative’ temperature as being affected by air temperature and the radiant temperature from the surrounding walls and ceilings.

All private spaces have card readers which only authorised personnel can use. The main Construction College is only accessible to students enrolled. The layout of the building ensures that staff have the opportunity to observe the activity spaces without interrupting those using them and assisting when necessary. Furniture- all fixed and free moving furniture has been designed in accordance to their relevant environment; taking full advantage of orientation and views, whilst maintaining clear routes in accordance with part M of the building regulations. Furniture has also been designed with functionality at the forefront of the specifications. For instance the ground floor walkway adjacent to the lecture theatre not only provides a social space to those waiting for lectures, but also allows a close up insight through the buildings ‘story windows’-glazed panels which demonstrate the straw bale construction and the ‘nature’ of the building assembly. Communication- The College will work closely in conjunction with local businesses; endorsing the colleges apprenticeships, providing students with work places, with the opportunity to progress within the construction industry and work towards gaining their Construction Skills Certification (CSC) and Healthy & Safety qualifications which are now compulsory with most contractors. Legislative Framework It is important that the proposal adheres to the legislation set out in the current building regulation documents. the following are those that are of a greater significance to this particular scheme Part A - Structure - the design and construction of the structure has been developed to ensure it accounts for wind loads and deadloads, in particular the Glulam frame and connections which have been chosen according to the loads of which they can sustain. Part L2a - Conservation of fuel and power - particular attention has been paid to the legislation regarding U-Values, Air permeability, heating, cooling, and lighting Part M - Access to and use of buildings - the full scheme focuses on ensuring that each area and the services provided within them are accessible to people of all mental and physical abilities, therefore the design has adhered to the legislation of document m to ensure everyone can participate in the activities provided within the building.

ENVIRONMENT: ENERGY>>> TECH .B

`

Direct connection to industrial zone

Linear connection along Brown Lane-main thoroughfare

SITE

Disused viaduct providing key link for employment.

City Centre

>>>SITE: ACCESS & CONECTION

The massing of Holbeck elucidates a well established dense building language. This reinforces the concept of creating a walkable community-a sustainable concept which enhances social cohesion. The urban identity of Holbeck highlights the major need for regeneration. It is visible that there is an existing community which must remain at the forefront of this. There is great potential with direct links to surrounding industrial areas as highlight by access and connections, as well as the forgotten urban fabric of Holbeck, which is fundamental to the overall regeneration of the town.

>>>COLLEGE ACCESS & MOVEMENT Main Vertical Circulation Educational Facilities Public Facilities Staff Zone WCs Movement Direction & Exits Zones

>>>Ground Floor >>>First Floor >>>Second Floor >>>All Levels

→ Strategy The proposed Construction Centre is situated on the former Matthew Murray High School site, located within the heart of Holbeck. With its original use, the site offers a primary location to the community and surrounding areas. With numerous pedestrian and cycle routes offering direct connection, the building becomes approachable from all directions. This in conjunction with the already existing dense urban fabric, elucidates the walkable community that is Holbeck.

→Orientation The buildings North-South orientation and design ensures good access to northern light with large expanses of glazing that allow light to reach deep into the building. Glazing to the south is designed to take advantage of the depth of the Straw Bale facades by recessing the sections of glazing to minimise direct sunlight and prevent overheating. The larger expanses of glazing to the South use a combination of brise soleil and an extruding canopy to provide solar shading. In order to achieve the most comfortable and practical environment, each building function has been taken into consideration individually; with each space orientated according to its uses. Such design considerations not only reduce the requirement for artificial lighting, in turn reducing energy consumption, but also improve the quality of each working environment. The College is built up around ‘The Street’; a central atrium space which runs along the North-South axis. The main entrance is situated to the North end, encouraging movement throughout the space. In order to take advantage of the Southern light, the majority of public spaces, as well as the College classrooms and crèche, have been positioned to the South. In addition to the advantage of passive heating, this orientation also ensures a panoramic view of the outside recreational space and parkland-connecting the College to the community.

→ Circulation ....is integral to the buildings overall strategic vision. The concept behind Holbeck Construction College is derived from its context and surroundings. A strong identity is formed by the existing back to back terrace houses and the way in which they are placed. The parallel arrangement, creates a pattern between the street, form and threshold. With the street being the point of interaction, it becomes the driving force behind a sense of place. Applying these factors creates a dialogue between what is new and what already exists.

→ Entrance There are two entrances into the building, with the main one being situated to the Niorth end of ‘The Street’ and the secondary access sited adjacent, to the South. By creating this ‘thoroughfare’, the College is accessible to both the people of Holbeck, as well as the neighbouring communities.

→ Wind The prevailing winds are predominantly from a Westerly direction. Situated along the Colleges West elevation is the plant room, as well as secondary access points and fire exits from the Workshops, resulting in minimum impact to the internal environment.

→ Rain the large roof surface area, of the building, lends itself to the harvesting of rainwater. This is an integral part of the Colleges overall sustainable design strategy, with the collected water being stored released back into the building for the flushing of toilets, as well as the upkeep of the vast landscaped areas across the site.

>>>Visual interpretation of the final proposal for Holbeck Construction College and Community Centre, showing the overall form and layout N

ENVIRONMENT: ENERGY>>> TECH .B

>>>Energy Source and distribution → Primary Energy The College’s primary source of energy is generated by a Woodchip fuelled Combined Heat & Power (CHP) system. Biomass chp works very well on mixed use zero heating specification developments, as the thermal demand is for hot water only, and remains consistent all year, with oversize hot water storage tanks that can meet peak demands whilst still allowing trickle recharging throughout the day. This allows the power plant to more or less match average electrical demand, exporting to grid when surplus power is generated on site - and importing to meet peak demand. Biomass CHP systems, produce both heat and power and offer low carbon and low-cost energy (in the appropriate circumstances). This is ideal as the system works best where the full outputs of the CHP system (both heat and electrical) are needed and are consumed on-site and that these site electrical and heat loads are relatively continuous throughout the year. → Secondary Energy The secondary energy source will be from photovoltaics situated in the central atrium space. The East to West Orientation of the roof and the 11.5o slope ensures a portion of the photovoltaics will always have access to direct sunlight and at the optimum angle. Photovoltaic surface area - 912.5sqm → electricity output 130w per sqm 912.5sqm x 130w x 24 x 365 = 1039.2mwh’s per annum @ 100% efficiency 155.8mwh’s per annum at 15% efficiency → Relevant to the Colleges location and orientation. Combined, these two systems integrate to form a hybrid Concentrating Photovoltaic and Thermal (CPVT) System → Materials In order to achieve a zero waste production process, the manufactures of both the Glulam structure and cross laminated timber for the straw-bale cassettes, ensure that all timber used is certified. In addition to this, Audits are carried out to calculate the CO2 emissions generated by the delivery vehicles and are offset against the huge amounts of stored CO2, to give a true picture of the overall carbon count. The elements are produced using Douglas fir timber, grown in the UK, and all gluing is carried out with adhesives which are completely solvent and formaldehyde free. Straw as a material is known to be very flammable, attractive to vermin and susceptible to Rot when wet. The prefabricated Straw Bale components have been designed with these issues in mind and tests have found that exposed straw-bale walls can be as effective as timber walls. Similarly, straw-bale walls that are rendered with lime can resist fire as much as brick. The applied lime render rids of the attraction of the straw as a home to vermin as it removes the opportunity for access. A weatherproof render and good moisture barrier will ensure the straw can outlast a typical building’s 60 year design life. → Heating and Ventilation In addition to working in conjunction with the Building regulations, the design of the College follows a strategic approach in order to achieve the most passive proposition. The most predominant aspect of this, concerns the use of timber throughout the construction, particularly in the timber floor and roof cassettes. These provide ideal thermal efficiency, resulting in a lower output of mechanical heating. The glazing system used throughout, takes into account the orientation of each space; with the consideration of light source as well as views. This system comprises of fixed glazing to maximise daylight penetration into the back of the room, in addition to operable glazing where required. These design features are enhanced, when necessary, by the Concentrating Photovoltaic and Thermal (CPVT) System; with steel ducts situated around the College, providing heating and ventilation. A ventilation rate of 1.5 air changes per hour is adequate for the various spaces, with an independent control system allowing this to be manually controlled depending on occupancy and air quality, maximising efficiency. → Artificial lighting levels Direct, symmetrical lighting is preferred for all general illumination of work rooms, meeting rooms, public spaces and circulation zones. The required level of illumination can be achieved with relatively little electrical power. When designing a lighting system, an angle of 70-90˚ is most preferable. This system can be implemented throughout, with the only variants being the quantity of fittings, dependent on the areas use and the power output, relevant to the height of the space concerned. → Acoustics All sound insulation has been provided to ensure reverberation times between 1.5 and 2 seconds at mid frequency, and is capable of a minimum of NR 40. The College workshops will account for the majority of disruption. With this in mind, a communal recreational space and cloakrooms, act as a buffering zone between the workshops and the main atrium (‘The Street’). In addition to this, the Plant Room which houses the buildings main services has been designed with sound nuisance in mind; with the space being orientated independently from the main public spaces. → Legislative framework Part E - resistance to the passage of sound - the key areas where sound transmittance issues apply are the Workshop spaces and Plant Room, all of which have been designed to meet regulation requirements Part F - ventilation - as well as the fitness spaces which have been mentioned, the changing facilities have been designed to have sufficient ventilation and meet the requirements set out in Part F. Part l2a - conservation of fuel and power - by complying with the legislation in part l2a, the College will run as efficiently as possible to ensure no energy is wasted through carefully controlled heating, lighting, water and ventilation equipment.

>>>Bio-fuelled CHP (Combined Heat & Power) System

>>>Direct symmetrical illumination

>>>Integration with Renewable Technology

>>>Energy Source and distribution → Primary Energy The College’s primary source of energy is generated by a Woodchip fuelled Combined Heat & Power (CHP) system. Biomass chp works very well on mixed use zero heating specification developments, as the thermal demand is for hot water only, and remains consistent all year, with oversize hot water storage tanks that can meet peak demands whilst still allowing trickle recharging throughout the day. This allows the power plant to more or less match average electrical demand, exporting to grid when surplus power is generated on site - and importing to meet peak demand. Biomass CHP systems, produce both heat and power and offer low carbon and low-cost energy (in the appropriate circumstances). This is ideal as the system works best where the full outputs of the CHP system (both heat and electrical) are needed and are consumed on-site and that these site electrical and heat loads are relatively continuous throughout the year. → Secondary Energy The secondary energy source will be from photovoltaics situated in the central atrium space. The East to West Orientation of the roof and the 11.5o slope ensures a portion of the photovoltaics will always have access to direct sunlight and at the optimum angle. Photovoltaic surface area - 912.5sqm → electricity output 130w per sqm 912.5sqm x 130w x 24 x 365 = 1039.2mwh’s per annum @ 100% efficiency 155.8mwh’s per annum at 15% efficiency → Relevant to the Colleges location and orientation. Combined, these two systems integrate to form a hybrid Concentrating Photovoltaic and Thermal (CPVT) System → Materials In order to achieve a zero waste production process, the manufactures of both the Glulam structure and cross laminated timber for the straw-bale cassettes, ensure that all timber used is certified. In addition to this, Audits are carried out to calculate the CO2 emissions generated by the delivery vehicles and are offset against the huge amounts of stored CO2, to give a true picture of the overall carbon count. The elements are produced using Douglas fir timber, grown in the UK, and all gluing is carried out with adhesives which are completely solvent and formaldehyde free. Straw as a material is known to be very flammable, attractive to vermin and susceptible to Rot when wet. The prefabricated Straw Bale components have been designed with these issues in mind and tests have found that exposed straw-bale walls can be as effective as timber walls. Similarly, straw-bale walls that are rendered with lime can resist fire as much as brick. The applied lime render rids of the attraction of the straw as a home to vermin as it removes the opportunity for access. A weatherproof render and good moisture barrier will ensure the straw can outlast a typical building’s 60 year design life. → Heating and Ventilation In addition to working in conjunction with the Building regulations, the design of the College follows a strategic approach in order to achieve the most passive proposition. The most predominant aspect of this, concerns the use of timber throughout the construction, particularly in the timber floor and roof cassettes. These provide ideal thermal efficiency, resulting in a lower output of mechanical heating. The glazing system used throughout, takes into account the orientation of each space; with the consideration of light source as well as views. This system comprises of fixed glazing to maximise daylight penetration into the back of the room, in addition to operable glazing where required. These design features are enhanced, when necessary, by the Concentrating Photovoltaic and Thermal (CPVT) System; with steel ducts situated around the College, providing heating and ventilation. A ventilation rate of 1.5 air changes per hour is adequate for the various spaces, with an independent control system allowing this to be manually controlled depending on occupancy and air quality, maximising efficiency.

TECH .B

>>>Energy Source and distribution → Artificial lighting levels Direct, symmetrical lighting is preferred for all general illumination of work rooms, meeting rooms, public spaces and circulation zones. The required level of illumination can be achieved with relatively little electrical power. When designing a lighting system, an angle of 70-90˚ is most preferable. This system can be implemented throughout, with the only variants being the quantity of fittings, dependent on the areas use and the power output, relevant to the height of the space concerned. → Acoustics All sound insulation has been provided to ensure reverberation times between 1.5 and 2 seconds at mid frequency, and is capable of a minimum of NR 40. The College workshops will account for the majority of disruption. With this in mind, a communal recreational space and cloakrooms, act as a buffering zone between the workshops and the main atrium (‘The Street’). In addition to this, the Plant Room which houses the buildings main services has been designed with sound nuisance in mind; with the space being orientated independently from the main public spaces. → Legislative framework Part E - resistance to the passage of sound - the key areas where sound transmittance issues apply are the Workshop spaces and Plant Room, all of which have been designed to meet regulation requirements Part F - ventilation - as well as the fitness spaces which have been mentioned, the changing facilities have been designed to have sufficient ventilation and meet the requirements set out in Part F. Part l2a - conservation of fuel and power - by complying with the legislation in part l2a, the College will run as efficiently as possible to ensure no energy is wasted through carefully controlled heating, lighting, water and ventilation equipment.

TECH .B

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Hydronics>>>Roof Plan

>>>Hydronics Colleges typically place a high demand on water and therefore have high energy costs and require a large amount of water from the mains water supply. The main requirements are for College changing facilities, staff facilities and the cleaning facilities. The College will use rainwater harvested from the roof and will treat and reuse grey water from the showers and sinks.

>>>Water Reduction The installation of water saving measures throughout the building will reduce water consumption and hope to reduce the buildings requirement froe water other than that collected and treated on site. The following controls will be implemented throughout: Tap Restrictors-provide an equal flow at a number of taps in a washroom. This reduces water flow by 15%. Push Taps-Stops taps being left on when not in use. This can save up to 31mᵌ of water per annum. Shower regulators -Provide an equal flow at a number of showers in changing rooms. This reduces water flow by 20%. Push button showers- Stops showers from being left running when not in use. This can save up between 5-15% per shower. Urinal flush controls- With passive infrared detectors, resulting in a typical saving of 10% per urinal. Toilet water dams-Typical saving of 20% per toilet.

These water controls, combined with regular maintenance, checks for leaks, and correct temperature and pressure usage, will ensure there are no unnecessary losses.

>>>Rainwater Harvesting & Grey water reuse Due to the large roof surface, the proposed College is ideal for rainwater harvesting. The collected rainwater will then be stored in an underground water storage tank , situated adjacent to the College plant room. Prior to entering the storage tank, the water is filtered and UV treated, ridding the water of any harmful bacteria. Before being used in the facilities., the water is filtered through a purification filter and pump. Solar Thermal evacuated tubes mounted on the roof, heat the water when necessary. Additional water will be taken from the main water supply, when rainwater is scarce. Educating the public of Holbeck is also key to a successful water management system and so efforts will be made to provide information to the users about how they can contribute to saving water. It will also explain what equipment and controls are in use so they can hopefully become interested in how they could save water and money at home.

>>>Legislative Framework Building Regulations approved Document G ‘Sanitation, hot water safety and water efficiency’ was useful in ensuring the correct strategy regarding the filtration and treatment of the harvested rainwater was put to use to ensure the water quality is safe for its intended purposes. Approved document H ‘Drainage and Waste Disposal’ set out the requirement for the design of the drainage layouts to ensure they were positioned to allow maintenance access and minimise the chance of blockage.

>>>Gutter Detail

Fresh water supply

Water meter & stopcock

Greywater treatment Sanitary Use- WC’s,

Showers, Staff facilities

WATER STORAGE

TANK

Purification filter & pump

Integrated Photovoltaic

System

Filtration & UV

treatment

Overflow to stormwater

drain Solar

|Thermal Evacuated

tubes

>>>Water use diagram

>>>Ground Floor

>>>First Floor

>>>Second Floor

Plant Room<<<

>>>Services Duct 1:20 SERVICES & INTEGRATION>>> TECH .B

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C PA

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Design Studio Integrated Technology

Contents Facade

-3D Detailed Study

-Structure, composition & detail -External Forces Vs. Internal Desires

C PA

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>Fa

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:20

FACADE: STRUCTURE, COMPOSITION & DETAIL>>> TECH .C

Design considerations

Issues • Life cycle cost

• Maintenance cost

Aspirations • Create a highly sustainable

development • Overall goal to reduce CO2

emissions

Approaches The College brief is for the new

building to achieve a minimum BREEAM

rating of ‘Excellent’.

There are a number of design choices which will influence the buildings environmental impact

and overall sustainability, however these can be classified

into two main categories:

1 Minimising energy consumption

• Building orientation and facade articulation

• Material selection • Thermal mass • Heat recovery

2 Low or zero carbon energy source

• Combined heat and power

YOUR CARBON ASSET

Increasing the environmental return on your investment

Carbon homes and carbon schools deliver measurable environmental return in stored CO2 that can be offset against emissions associated with the construction of new buildings. A return on your investment that demonstrates a clear environmental contribution and a commitment to the UK’s carbon reduction policies.

CO2 → 50% of the worlds independently certified forests are in Europe. Sustainable forest management for timber production converts CO2 from the atmosphere into building products. TIMBER → Across its product lifecycle timber has the lowest energy consumption of any building material. Timber structures are carbon negative. STRUCTURE → Timber acts as a carbon sink. A solid timber Carbon Home contains 30-40m3 of timber, equivalent to approximately 32 tonnes of CO2. ENERGY → Recover energy from timber. Recycling timber products into energy releases more stored energy than was used in the products production.

Modern technology in straw-bale construction

Pre-fabricated straw-bale panels Straw-bale construction techniques have changed little since they were developed in the 19th Century. Other building materials have evolved to suit machine-manufacturing in factories, while straw-bales are typically hand-made. This is why, even today, straw-bales are mostly used to build domestic houses. For a building on the scale of Holbeck Construction College, modern techniques are required. Whereas straw bales are often used as load-bearing walls, we are using them as insulation within a hanging curtain wall. Whereas straw bales are usually hand-laid on-site, resulting in variable quality and a longer programme, our straw bales are pre-fabricated off-site, in a controlled environment, and delivered on-site ready to assemble. However, remote manufacturing greatly increases embodied energy by requiring the transport of materials over a long distance. The College will use a manufacturing process known as the ‘flying factory’. Rather than fabricating the straw-bale panels in a distant factory, panels will be assembled in a local barn. This will also bring employment to the local community.

Wood Straw Render (Lime)

The timber cross-laminated frame can use ‘off-cuts’ from the lumber mill.

The solid vertical components of the facade are proposed to be formed from straw-bale panels. A typical straw-bale panel is made of three natural and sustainable materials: timber, straw and lime render. The straw element provides the necessary insulation value for the panel. The strategy is to use locally sourced straw from a neighbouring farm for the infill of the components. The timber element will be sustainably sourced, cross-laminated timber that provides structural integrity for the panel. It will need to be stained to ensure it weathers gracefully over time. The lime render is a breathable coating for the straw and protects it from moisture and the external environment. It also reduces the greenhouse gas effect. Over its lifetime, due to the cycle of lime changing from limestone to quicklime and back to limestone again, most of the CO2 released during the manufacturing process is re-absorbed during the lifetime of the plaster, thus being close to carbon neutral. The internal face of the straw-bale panel will be covered with ply lining.

MATERIALITY>>> PROPOSE

It takes 3 hours to make 1 straw-bale panel.

Each full height panel is 13 meters long and weighs

almost 2 tons.

A manufacturing process known as the

‘flying factory’ was used to produce the modular cladding system. Rather than fabricating the straw-bale panels in

a distant factory, panels were prefabricated in a local barn using local labour and delivered ready to be put in place.

>>>How it’s made

FACADE: STRUCTURE, COMPOSITION & DETAIL>>> TECH .C

With society today taking an ever more greener approach to the way we live and build our environment, more and more alternative approaches to construction are being applied. The innovative and bespoke facade cladding design pushes the boundaries of current straw-bale construction technology delivering a modern, distinctive building while using one of the oldest construction materials - straw. This is used as insulation within a curtain wall, in which each panel covers every floors of the building in one prefabricated piece. Each straw-bale panel consists of a cross-laminated timber frame filled with compressed straw and finishes with render for a natural look to the external face. The breathable coating prevents decay and protects the straw from the external environment. This particular technique allows the building to contribute to the reduction in CO2 emissions, as well as making the building close to carbon neutral.

Bales are stacked vertically into long wooden boxes, which are waterproofed and fitted to the face of the building. The sides of the boxes will be visible and eventually weather down to a silvery grey colour > > >

Straw-bale panels The straw-bale panel consists of a timber sub-frame filled with compressed straw. The external face is rendered with lime for natural finish, while the internal face is lined with timber. These panels will be prefabricated in storey-high units and installed as a unitised cladding system.

>>>Typical cladding detail

Timber spandrel panel

Operable window

Glazed opaque spandrel panel

Fixed window

Timber fin

Lime render (Straw-bale behind)

Timber frame/fins The timber frames and fins, where exposed, are protected by a light stain. This will prevent the timber from rotting or becoming discoloured (turning grey) through exposure to the sun. It is intended to use a stain that will retain as much of the natural feature of the timber as possible, while affording sufficient weather protection.

Windows The window detail consists of operable and fixed units mounted between the straw-bale panels or timber fins. The window units will have spandrel panels to conceal slab edges. These will have an opaque glass finish.

Inside

Outside

Render on cementitious

Board

Timber cap to hold render board

External grade timber

Internal grade timber

Internal back board

Straw Bale (compacted

)

>>>The components

>>>Construction

FACADE: STRUCTURE, COMPOSITION & DETAIL>>> TECH .C

VIEWS

VIEWS

Fixed glazing to maximise daylight penetration into the back of the room.

Operable glazing where required.

Opaque glazing to provide modesty and conceal floor slab.

>>>Functional requirements

The glazing system used throughout, takes into account the orientation of each space; with the consideration of light source as well as views. This system comprises of fixed glazing to maximise daylight penetration into the back of the room, in addition to operable glazing where required. >>>Climate change and resource depletion The building orientation and design ensures good access to northern light with large expanses of glazing that allow light to reach deep into the building. Glazing to the south is designed to take advantage of the depth of the Straw Bale facades by recessing the sections of glazing to minimise direct sunlight and prevent overheating. The larger expanses of glazing to the South use a combination of brise soleil and an extruding canopy to provide solar shading.