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Design Strategies for Energy-
Efficient Residential Buildings
28th September 2014
Chandigarh
2
Why Energy Efficient Residential
Buildings ?
Over next 20 years
• Number of urban households expected to double. 300-400% increase in constructed area
• Electricity consumption in residential buildings is expected to increase seven-fold – Requirement to add 100,000 -
150,000 MW of new power generation capacity to meet the peak electricity demand due to growth in the use of room air-conditioners
Source: GBPN (2012), BEE (2011), LBNL (2013), Planning Commission
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Energy Efficiency in Residential
Buildings
Energy-Efficient Design
(Code, Rating, Guidelines,…)
User Behaviour
Energy-Efficient Appliances
(Labeling, super efficient appliances,…)
4 Indo-Swiss Building Energy Efficiency Project
Design Guidelines for Energy-
Efficient Residential Buildings
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How the Guidelines were developed ?
Survey of electricity
consumption in ~800
households in NCR &
Time –series data
Detailed monitoring of sample households.
• space temperature and humidity
• Electricity consumption of space
conditioning equipment
Evaluation of potential energy- efficiency
strategies using various energy simulation
software (TRNSYS, DIVA, Autodesk® EcotectTM ,
SAM, RETScreen, …)
Formulation of guidelines
Development and validation of energy
simulation model for typical spaces, e.g.,
bedrooms, living rooms
Feedback over 1 year
Revision & Update
Study of
International
Experience &
Practices
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Thermal comfort and reduction in electricity
consumption for cooling as the main design
focus
30-60% electricity used for space cooling
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Guidelines - Scope
Building Massing
Building Envelope
Space Cooling Systems
Appliances
Common Services
Renewable Energy
• 15 recommendations presented under 6
sections
•The general concepts of the recommendations provided in the guidelines are known to the designers. •Guidelines presents them in a systematic manner, quantifying potential energy savings possible through individual/combination of measures
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Building Massing & Spatial Configuration
Recommendation 1-3
Minimize solar exposure on
external vertical surfaces,
through:
1. Properly orienting the buildings
i.e. larger façade on North and
South direction
2. Selection of building shape
3. Arranging building blocks to
benefit from mutual shading
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Building Envelope
Recommendation 4
4. Adopt passive measures for Walls & Windows
– Package of Measures –I : Use of light colors on wall (absorptivity ≤ 0.4) +
Window shades with extended overhangs + better insulation of walls +
optimised natural ventilation (18-23% reduction in cooling energy)
– Package of Measures –II: Package of Measures-I+ external movable
shutters on windows (40-45% reduction in cooling energy)
– Package of Measures –III: Package of Measures-II with improved wall
insulation + double glazing + better building tightness (55-60 %
reduction in cooling energy)
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Package 1
+ +
Light colors on wall
(absorptivity: 0.4)
Window shades with overhangs
with side extension
Optimized natural ventilation
200 mm AAC Blocks/hollow
clay blocks (0.7-1.0 W/m2.K)
+
(18-23% reduction in cooling thermal energy)
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Package 2
Package 1 Measures +
Sliding shutter Hinged and top rolling
shutters
(40-45% reduction in cooling thermal energy)
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Package 3
+
50 mm thick XPS insulated
cavity wall 0.5 W/m2.K
Double Clear Glazing
Improved Building
Tightness
(0.3 ACH)
+
Package 2 Measures +
(55-60 % reduction in cooling thermal energy)
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Recommendation 5 Design kitchen for adequate day-lighting and good ventilation
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Recommendation 6 Insulate the roof and provide reflective surface
150mm RCC slab
150mm RCC slab + 75mm PUF, with surface
treatment for reflection
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Space Cooling
Recommendation 7-10
7. Raising the temperature of cooling set-point from 24 to 28 oC (~adapative comfort temperature for summer) can bring ~ 55-60% reduction in cooling thermal energy demand
8. Design the space-cooling system so as to utilise the full potential of natural ventilation, fans and evaporative cooling.
9. Incorporate new and innovative ways for improving efficiency of the room air-conditioners
10.Design for quick and efficient evacuation of hot air generated in kitchen – Natural ventilation
– well-located and efficient mechanical extraction system
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Appliances
Recommendation 11
11.Select higher BEE star labeled
equipments and appliances
e.g. Transformers, Tubelights, ceiling fans,
air-conditioners, etc
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Common Services
Recommendation 12-14
12. Energy-efficient lighting design for common areas
a) Design for day-lighting of corridors, staircases, parking areas.
b) Incorporate energy-efficient artificial lighting features for both indoor and outdoor areas
13. Design for energy-efficient pumping system a) Select pump so that the head and flow
parameter for the ‘Duty Point’ matches with that of the ‘Best Efficiency Point’ of the pump.
b) Design piping so as to reduce frictional losses
c) Use variable flow drives (VFDs) on pump motors.
14. Incorporate energy-efficiency design features in the lifts
a) Use LED/CFL for lighting
b) Provide auto switch-off for lights and ventilation fans
c) Use of VFD drives in motors
d) Consider feasibility of lifts having gearless system, regenerative braking, etc.
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Renewable Energy Integration
Recommendation 15
15. Utilise rooftops for the generation of hot water and/or electricity using solar energy
a) For highly energy-efficient residential buildings (overall EPI < 30 kWh/ m2/year) of up to 4 storey, it is possible to generate enough electricity over a year through rooftop solar PV to meet all electricity requirements. In most cases, a substantial part of the electricity requirement for common services can be met.
b) In most cases, for multi-storey residential buildings up to 12 storeys, community solar water heating systems on the roof can meet around 70% of the annual electricity requirement for heating water
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Conclusions
Business As Usual
Passive Measures Energy
Efficiency in Cooling & Appliances Renewable Energy
Generation
EPI
100%
∽75%
∽50%
∽20%
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Team
Core Team
• BEE
– Sanjay Seth, Girja Shankar
• SDC
– Veena Joshi, Anand Shukla
• Effin’Art Sarl
– Dario Aiulfi, Dominique Chuard,
Kira Cusack, Pierre Jaboyedoff
• Greentech Knowledge Solutions
– Prashant Bhanware, Saswati
Chetia, Kanagaraj Ganesan,
Dheeraj Lalchandani, Sameer
Maithel
Assisted by
– Ashok B Lall Architects
• Ashok B Lall, Charu
Ahluwalia, Smita Chaniwala,
Shweta Manchanda
– Tara Niman Kendra
• Ashraya Arora, Akash Bagchi,
Tanu Bhatt, Pankaj Khanna,
Ritu Malhotra, Amol
Mangrulkar
– Virendra Kothari
– Vijay Matange
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21 Indo-Swiss Building Energy Efficiency Project
Thank you!
www.beepindia.org