design of wheel rim and tyre assembly

8/18/2019 Design of Wheel Rim and Tyre Assembly

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DESIGN OF WHEEL RIM AND TYRE ASSEMBLY

Abstract-

The essence of car whee r!" #ro$!%es a &r" base on wh!ch to &t the t!re' Its

%!"ens!ons( sha#e sho)% be s)!tabe to a%e*)ate+ acco""o%ate the #art!c)ar

t!re re*)!re% for the $eh!ce' In th!s #ro,ect a t!re of car whee r!" beon!n to

the %!sc whee cateor+ !s cons!%ere%' Des!n !s an !"#ortant !n%)str!a act!$!t+

wh!ch !n.)ences the *)a!t+ of the #ro%)ct' The whee r!" !s "o%ee% b+ )s!n

"o%e!n software cat!a$/r01' B+ )s!n th!s software the t!"e s#ent !n #ro%)c!n

the co"#e2 3- D "o%es an% the r!s4 !n$o$e% !n the %es!n an% "an)fact)r!n

#rocess can be eas!+ "!n!"!5e%' So the "o%e!n of the whee r!" !s "a%e b+

)s!n 6ATIA

In recent +ears( co"#et!t!on !n the a)to"ob!e "ar4et !s ett!n !ncrease w!threst#ect to f)e econo"+( es#ec!a+ for the !ht co""erc!a $eh!ces' Moreo$er(

there !s a s!n!&cant necess!t+ abo)t re%)c!n f)e cons)"#t!on e$e for

a)to"ob!e co"#an!es' The we!ht of a $eh!ce !s one of the "ost !"#ortant

factor that a7ect!n the f)e econo"+' The we!ht "!n!"!5at!on of whee has

"ore e7ect!$e than the we!ht "!n!"!5at!on of esewhere !n a $eh!ce %)e to the

rotat!ona "o"ent of !nert!a e7ect %)r!n "ot!on' Therefore( the whee %es!n

sho)% be o#t!"!5e% b+ cons!%er!n f)n%a"enta attr!b)tes of a !ht co""erc!a

$eh!ce s)ch as N8H( D)rab!!t+ an% We!ht'

After co"#et!n the %es!n of r!" !n cat!a $/ #art %es!n wor4bench( asse"b+!s %one )s!n asse"b+ wor4bench for r!" an% t+re'

Des!n wor4 !s %one )n%er re*)!re% %!"ens!on an% asse"be% !n asse"b+

wor4bench )s!n constra!n toos'


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INTROD96TION

I. INTRODUCTION

Archaeologies and historians of today see the introduction of the wheel as

the real genesis of any old civilization. The wheel is the most significant discovery of old

times. The heel has develo!ed from an oversized "earing to a fully integral !art of any

modern trans!ortation vehicle. The modern motor vehicles are !roduced according to very

strict Rules to ensure the safety of !assengers.

In recent years# the !rocedures have "een im!roved "y a variety of

e$!erimental and analytical methods for structural analysis %finite element method&. ithinthe !ast '( years# dura"ility analysis %fatigue life !redication& and relia"ility method for

dealing with variation inherent in engineering structure have "een a!!lied to the automotive

wheel )ra*ing !erformance shows effect on the wheel rim !arameters+ size# weight# design

and ,aterials.

The size of the wheel rim governs how much s!ace there is "etween the rim and

"ra*e rotor. If the diameter of the wheel rim is higher there will "e more sco!e for air flow

around the "ra*es and therefore "etter cooling. The weight of the wheel rim is also an

im!ortant issue .The handling of a vehicle is always im!roved with light weight. The

rotational inertia is also o"vious factor goes u! with more weights as well# causing even more

wor* for the "ra*es.

Another factor in handling has to do with wheel strength and fle$. A more rigid

wheel will reduce wheel fle$. This is essentially im!ortant with low as!ect ratio# high

!erformance tires that can "e generate high cornering forces. Car wheels are classified in to

two main grou!s# steel wheels and alloy wheels. Alloy wheels are fre-uently fitted ty!ical

During the manufacturing of modern vehicles. All steel wheels to "e made u! of two !ressed

com!onents# the rim and the wheel disc# which are welded together.


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1.2 Nomenclature of Wheel Rim

Fig 1.1: Rim Nomenclature

1.Wheel: heel is generally com!osed of rim and disc.

2. Rim: This is a !art where the tire is installed.

3. Disc: This is a !art of the rim where it is fi$ed to the a$le hu".

4. Offset: This is a s!ace "etween wheel mounting surface where it is "olted to hu" and

centre line of rim.

5. Flange: The flange is a !art of rim which holds the "oth "eds of the tire.

6. Bea !eat: )ead seat a!!roaches in contact with the "ead face and it is a !art of rim which

holds the tire in a radial direction.

". #um$: It is a "um! what was !ut on the "ed seat for the "ead to !revent the tire from

sliding off the rim while thevehicle is moving.


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%. Well: This is a !art of rim with de!th and width to facilitate tire mounting and removal

from the rim.

1.3 Wheel rim escri$tionThe rim of a wheel is the outer circular design of the metal on which

the inside edge of the tire is mounted on vehicles such as automo"iles. or e$am!le# in a four

wheeler the rim is a hoo! attached to the outer ends of the s!o*es/arm of the wheel that holds

the tire and tu"e.

A standard automotive steel wheel rim is made from a rectangular sheet metal.

The metal !late is "ent to !roduce a cylindrical sleeve with the two free edges of the sleeve

welded together. At least one cylindrical flow s!inning o!eration is carried out to o"tain a

given thic*ness !rofile of the sleeve 0 in !articular com!rising in the zone intended to

constitute the outer seat an angle of inclination relative to the a$ial direction. The sleeve is

then sha!ed to o"tain the rims on each side with a radially inner cylindrical wall in the zone

of the outer seat and with a radially outer frusta/conical wall inclined at an angle

corres!onding to the standard inclination of the rim seats. The rim is then cali"rated.

To su!!ort the cylindrical rim structure# a disc is made "y stam!ing a

metal !late. It has to have a!!ro!riate holes for the center hu" and lug nuts. The radial outer

surface of the wheel dis* has a cylindrical geometry to fit inside the rim. The rim and wheel

dis* are assem"led "y fitting together under the outer seat of the rim and the assem"ly welded

together.

heel rim is the !art of automotive where it heavily undergoes "oth

static loads as well as fatigue loads as wheel rim travels different road !rofile.


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CHAPTER-22.1Types of Wheel Rims:

2.1.1 According to Shpe of Rim

T+#!ca r!" sha#e $eh!ces are "a%e )# of the foow!n'

! "rop centre rim #"C!

Dro# centre r!" :D6 r!"; !s sha#e% so there !s &ne betweenthe bea% seat #arts wh!ch !s #ace% on both s!%es of the r!"' Th!s !s to "a4e the

"o)nt!n an% %!s"o)nt!n of the t!re eas+' In "ost c!rc)"stances there !s a

ta#er of / %erees !n the bea% seat area'

$ig 2.1: "rop Centre #"c! Rim

%! Wide drop centre rim #W"C!

W!%e %ro# centre :WD6 r!"; !s "ost+ the sa"e as D6 r!"' To

e2#an% the w!%th of the r!"( w!th a s!hter we an% a ower .ane he!ht( th!s


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r!" !s "ost+ a##!e% to ow as#ect rat!o t!res' Th!s %es!n !s #resent+ a##!e% to

r!"s for t!res of "ost #assener $eh!ces'

c! Wide "rop Centre Rim &ith H'm :(n a%%!t!on( th!s %es!n has a b)"#( on

the be!nn!n of the bea% seat area' Th!s h)"# !s to #re$ent the bea% s!%!n%own an% a!r o)t.ow fro" the r!" %)e to the hor!5onta force a##!e% to the t!re

when a $eh!ce t)beess t!res r)ns at h!h s#ee%'

$ig 2.2 W"C&ith H'mp

2.1.2 According to the )teril

Stee an% !ht ao+ are the fore"ost "ater!as )se% !n a

whee r!" howe$er so"e co"#os!te "ater!as toether w!th ass-&bre are be!n

)se% for s#ec!a whees

! Wire Spo*e Wheel

W!re s#o4e whee !s an essent!a where the e2ter!or e%e #artof the whee :r!"; an% the a2e "o)nt!n #art are !n4e% b+n)"ero)s w!res

cae% s#o4es' To%a+


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Th!s !s a r!" wh!ch #ract!ces the stee-"a%e r!" an% the

whee !nto one b+ ,o!n!n :we%!n;( an% !t !s )se% "a!n+ for #assener $eh!ces

es#ec!a+ or!!na e*)!#"ent t!res'

$ig.2.+ Steel Wheel

c! ,ight Alloy Wheel

These whees are base% on the )se of !ht "etas( s)ch as

a)"!n!)" an% "anes!)" has co"e to be #o#)ar !n the "ar4et' Th!s whee

ra#!%+ beco"e stan%ar% for the or!!na e*)!#"ent $eh!ce !n E)ro#e !n =>?1


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$ig.2. Al'mini'm lloy Wheel

ii. )gnesi'm lloy &heel

Manes!)" !s abo)t 31 !hter than a)"!n!)" an% aso

a%"!rabe as for s!5e stab!!t+ an% !"#act res!stance' Howe$er(!ts )se !s "a!n+

restr!cte% to rac!n( wh!ch nee%s the feat)res of we!htessness an% h!h

strenth at the e2#ense ofweather!n res!stance an% %es!n cho!ce( etc'

co"#are% w!th a)"!n!)"'

Recent+( the technoo+ for cast!n an% for!n !s !"#ro$e%( an% the

corros!on res!stance of "anes!)" !s aso !"#ro$!n' Th!s "ater!a !s rece!$!ns#ec!a attent!on %)e to the renewe% !nterest !n ener+ conser$at!on'

iii. Titni'm lloy &heel

T!tan!)" !s an a%"!rabe "eta for corros!on res!stance an%

strenth :abo)t 0'/ t!"es; co"#are% w!th a)"!n!)"( b)t !t!s !nfer!or %)e to

"ach!ne #rocess!n( %es!n!n an% "ore cost' It !s st! !n the %e$eo#"ent stae

e$en tho)h there !sso"e )se !n the &e% of rac!n'

i. Composite mteril &heel

The co"#os!te "ater!a whee !s %!7erent fro" the !ht ao+

whee( an% !t !s %e$eo#e% "a!n+ for ow we!ht' Howe$erth!s whee has

!na%e*)ate cons!stenc+ aa!nst heat an% for best strenth' De$eo#"ent !s

cont!n)!n'

2.2 )n'fct'ring )ethods of Wheel Rim

The steel dis* wheel and the light alloy wheel are the most ty!ical

installation. The method of manufacturing the light alloy wheel# which has "ecome !o!ular in


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recent years# is e$!lained here. The manufacturing method for the light alloy wheel is

classified into two. They are cast metal or the forged manufacturing methods.

The aluminum alloy wheel is manufactured "oth ways# and the casting

manufacturing method is used as for the magnesium alloy wheel. There are the following

three methods of manufacturing the aluminum alloy wheel.

%a& One 1iece Rim

This is a method of the casting or the forge at the same time "y one as for the rim and disc.

%"& Two 1ieces Rim

This is the methods which se!arately manufacture the rim and disc

similar to the manufacture of the steel wheel and these com!onents are welded afterwards.

%c& Three 1ieces Rim

This is a method to manufacture each flange se!arately# and com"ining

later to the disc "y welding.2ach method is shown "elow.

%d& orging ,ethod %for One 1iece Rim&

$ig. 2./ $orging of one piece )ethod

#e! $orging )ethod #for T&o Pieces Rim!


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%f& orging ,ethod %for Three 1ieces Rim&

$ig.2.0. $orging Three Piece )ethod

%g& Casting ,ethod


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Fig.2.%. &asting 'etho

2.3 (est of Wheel Rims

heels are !art of a vehicle and as such su"3ected to a high load. The

dura"ility of the wheel is im!ortant for the safe o!eration of the vehicle. Therefore# it is

necessary to e$amine a wheel for "oth strength and fatigue resistance.

(a) Endurance Test in Direction of Radius of Rim

The tire on the test rim is rotated under high !ressure condition on steel

drum and the dura"ility of the rim is e$amined. 4ometimes# test is done giving cam"er angle

and adding a side force.

(b) Test of Disc

The rim fange is tested by applying a load rom an armmounted to the hub. A bending moment is applied while the rim rotates.

(c) Impact Test

The case where the wheel collides with cur" of the road or a large o"stacle is assumed

and the fall im!act e$amination is done.


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(d) Others

The test or welding between rim and disc and the nut seat tightening etc. are provided in the vehicle test standard. Moreover,nondestructive testing such as X- ray and color check, etc. is adapted tothe light alloy wheel to detect the deects in the casting process. ead

!nseating Test, provided in the tire saety standards, or a mounted tireand the rim is also applied."n addition tests are carried out in the #eldwith the assembly mounted on a vehicle under various road suraces.3.3.1 )se *imit of the Wheel

Though we thin* it is !ossi"le to !ermanently use a wheel until it rusts

away there is a limit to a wheels useful life. If a rim is used in severe o!erations such as

racing or rallying hidden damage is caused. This may result in an accident or sudden rim

failure whilst damage is caused. This may result in an accident or sudden rim failure whilst

the vehicle is in service. The life of a rim is varied according to using conditions. A rim

normally lasts longer than a tire so at time of a tire change a rim should "e chec*ed for

damage or sign of failure. If any are found the rim should "e scra!!ed. In the case of steel

wheel# crac*s and corrosions "y rust at the 3oint !arts of rim and disc# nut seats# "etween

decoration holes of the rim or the flange is "ent# you should scra! the rim.

2.3.2'aintaining rims

5ery necessary "ut often overloo*ed# it is vitally im!ortant to ins!ect

your motorcycle rims and clean them on a regular "asis to hel! !revent s!o*e failure or

corrosion wea* !oints. 6ou can definitely suffer flat tires if a few s!o*es fail on your

motorcycle rims. This can ha!!en under ordinary everyday conditions. The "ro*en s!o*e

!ushes into the wheel and !unctures the tu"e. 4o always *ee! your wheels clean and chec*

them for signs of corrosion or other damage. It may only ta*e one "ad s!o*e to ruin your ride.

The aluminum motorcycle rims are usually coated. 4ome chemicals used for "i*e

maintenance of other systems %li*e "ra*e fluid& can damage that coating. Once the "are

aluminum on the motorcycle rim is e$!osed to air it can "egin to corrode. heels can come

under a lot of stress and even small areas of corrosion can "ecome a !oint of failure.

R!" oc4s are )se% on whees to #re$ent +o)r t!re fro"

s!##!n aro)n% +o)r "otorc+ce r!"s' Th!s can occ)r !f +o) are r)nn!n +o)r t!res

at $er+ ow #ress)res' The+ are *)!te co""on when b!4ers ta4e to r!%!n o7

roa%' If +o)r t!re t)rns on the r!" !t can #) the $a$e ste" thro)h the whee or

tear !t o7 co"#ete+ ea$!n +o) w!th a .at' The+ are fa!r+ s!"#e to !nsta b)t


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!t re*)!res re"o$a of the t!res an% t)bes an% th!s can be "ore wor4 than the r!"

oc4 !nstaat!on' The rear !s the "ore cr!t!ca of the "otorc+ce r!"s to oc4 as !t

!s s)b,ecte% to the forces of %r!$!n the b!4e forwar%' Insta the" o##os!te the

$a$e ste" to "!n!"!5e the a7ect the+ w! ha$e on whee baance

2.4 Failure of a Wheel rim

a. 'otorc+cle Rims ,ro-lems

If you have "een in an accident or !urchased a "i*e with un*nown

history it is !ossi"le that your motorcycle wheel could "e out of true. The wheel might seem

to oscillate laterally %side to side& or a!!ear to move u! and down %out of round&. ,otorcycle

rims can "e casually ins!ected "y su!!orting the "i*e on the centre stand or other stand and

s!inning them while viewing side on or edgewise. A really "ad wo""le will "e o"vious even

to someone li*e me7. 6ou can secure a shar! !encil to the for* or swing arm to hel! measure

smaller variations. If the wheel is "adly out of true# es!ecially if the cause is from an

accident# you may want to let a !rofessional motorcycle rims sho! or dealers do the re!air.

4ometimes the cause is 3ust from lazy s!o*e maintenance %shame on you&7

-. Ne (ire/ ne o--le0

If you have 3ust had new tires installed and you feel or see a wo""le it

is more li*ely that the tire is the cause not "ent rims. hat can ha!!en when mounting a new

tire is the installer fails to get the new tire fully seated on the motorcycle rims. It may "e close

and "ecause the tire has a tu"e in it there will "e no lea* to give it away. hat you need to do

is this.

2$amine the sidewall of the tire where it meets the rim to see if there is any indication

that the tire is not fully seated. This might show u! as a slight variation in the measurement

"etween a mould line on the tire and the rims. This is "est done on a centre stand if you

have one.

8ave the installer correct any !ro"lem you find. 4ometimes stoc* rims can "e difficult

to seat !ro!erly %or unseat for that matter&.


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4ometimes what the tire installer will do to correct the !ro"lem is overinflate the tire

to force the tire to seat. TA92 CAR27 I am not suggesting you try this yourself# it can "e

very dangerous.

Also ma*e sure the tire is installed correctly# arrow !ointing in the direction of travel.

Fig 3. Failure of a Wheel rim

The goal of a failure analysis is to understand the root cause of the failure so

as to !revent similar failures in the future common causes of failure

C8A1T2R :

,(TERATRE

SRE3 A whee r!" !s a h!h+ stresse% co"#onent !n an a)to"ob!e

that !s s)b,ecte% to ben%!n an% tors!ona oa%s' Beca)se of the on !fe an%

h!h stresses( as we as the nee% for we!ht re%)ct!on( "ater!a an%

"an)fact)r!n #rocess seect!on !s !"#ortant !n r!" %es!n' There are

co"#et!t!ons a"on "ater!as an% "an)fact)r!n #rocesses( %)e to cost

#erfor"ance( an% we!ht' Th!s !s a %!rect res)t of !n%)str+ %e"an% for

co"#onents that are !hter( to !ncrease ec!enc+( an% chea#er to #ro%)ce(


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wh!e at the sa"e t!"e "a!nta!n!n fat!)e strenth an% other f)nct!ona

re*)!re"ents'

A #a#er #)b!she% !n the +ear 011>(wh!ch !s abo)t the fat!)e

ana+s!s of a)"!n!)" whee r!" b+ L!an"o WanC - Y)fa 6hen - 6hen5h! Wan -!n5hen WanSchoo of Mechan!ca En!neer!n( Nan,!n 9n!$ers!t+ of Sc!ence

Technoo+( 6h!na'

To !"#ro$e the *)a!t+ of a)"!n)" whees( a new "etho% for e$a)at!n

the fat!)e !fe of a)"!n)" whees !s #ro#ose% !n that #a#er' The ABA9S

software was )se% to b)!% the stat!c oa% &n!teee"ent "o%e of a)"!n)"

whees for rotar+ fat!)e test' 9s!n the "etho% #ro#ose% !n th!s #a#er( the

whee!fe c+ce was !"#ro$e% to o$er ='1=1/ an% sat!s&e% the %es!n

re*)!re"ent' The res)ts !n%!cate% that the#ro#ose% "etho% of !nterat!n &n!te

ee"ent ana+s!s an% no"!na stress "etho% was a oo% an% ec!ent"etho% to

#re%!ct the fat!)e !fe of a)"!n)" whees'

In th!s #a#er( for #re%!ct!n the wheefat!)e !fe( the no"!na

stress "etho% was!nterate% !nto the 6AD 6AE technoo+ tos!")ate the

rotar+ fat!)e test' In a%%!t!on( anact)a #rotot+#e of the test was %one to $er!f+

theana+s!s'

In the rotar+ fat!)e test( a whee wass#)n to bear a "o"ent to

s!")ate the #rocess of t)rn!n corner cont!n)e% the whee


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$ig +.1. ,yo't of &heel rotry ftig'e test

) 4 #5R 6 d !F7(

Where(M !s the "o"ent :N";( !t !s thestrenthen!n "o"ent the rea $eh!ce

bears

$ !sthe fr!ct!on coec!ent between t!res an% the roa% an% set as 1'@

% !s the t!re stat!c oa% ra%!)s :";

&!s the o7set of whee :";

' !s the "a2!")" rate%oa% :N;( wh!ch can be obta!ne% b+ stan%ar%s

( !s the strenth coec!ent an% set as ='/'

It !snecessar+ to bear s)ch a c+ce oa% ='1=1/ t!"esw!th no $!s!be crac4'

Sttic nlysis

The whee was constra!ne% aro)n%.ane e%e of the r!" an%oa%e% w!th a constantforce at the en% of the shaft( see F!'0' The oa%shaft an%

whee were connecte% b+ bots' D)e tothe "a!n concern be!n whee

%efor"at!on( theoa% shaft !n the FEA ana+s!s was %e&ne% as ar!!% bo%+( )s!n

t!e connect!on w!th whee' J area)n%er the whee r!" was )n%er f) constra!nts'


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$ig+.2 $inite element model

In a)"!n)" ao+ whee fat!)e test( fa!)re occ)rs at ==1/ c+ces

In the abo$e stat!c ana+s!s constra!nts are a##!e% on the

c!rc)"ference of the r!"( an% ot fat!)e strenth of =C=1 /c+ces !nwhee rotar+

fat!)e test' To !"#ro$e the res)ts we are a##+!n constra!nts on the whee bot

hoes of the r!"' Fat!)e ana+s!s !s %one !n MS6 fat!)e software( as !t has

foow!n bene&ts'

MS6 Fat!)e Bas!c !s a "o%)e of the MS6' Fat!)e#ro%)ct

!ne wh!ch )ses stress or stra!n res)ts fro" &n!teee"ent :FE; "o%es( $ar!at!ons

!n oa%!n an% c+c!c"ater!a #ro#ert!es to est!"ate !fe to fa!)re' Both

thetra%!t!ona S-N an% the "ore state-of-the-art oca stra!n orcrac4 !n!t!at!on

"etho%s are a$a!abe'9sae of MS6 Fat!)e br!ns fat!)e ana+s!s )# front !n

the%es!n-to-"an)fact)r!n #rocess an% creates an M6AEen$!ron"ent for

!nterate% %)rab!!t+ "anae"ent

We are aso %o!n ana+s!s on other "ater!as !4e stee ao+(

fore% stee( an% "anes!)" ao+ for fat!)e strenth an% co"#ar!n the

res)ts' Accor%!n to the FEA res)ts of the base!ne %es!n( the a)"!n)" ao+

whee %es!n co)% be !"#ro$e% b+ re!nforc!n the wea4er area


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6HAKTER

DESIGN OF WHELL RIM 9SING

6ATIA

(8TR9"CT(98 T9 CAT(A

6ATIA :6o"#)ter A!%e% Three-%!"ens!ona Interact!$e

A##!cat!on; !s a ")t!-#atfor" 6AD6AM6AE co""erc!a software s)!te

%e$eo#e% b+ the French co"#an+ Assa)t S+ste"s' Wr!tten !n the 6

#rora""!n an)ae( 6ATIA !s the cornerstone of the Assa)t S+ste"s #ro%)ct

!fec+ce "anae"ent software s)!te'

6ATIA co"#etes !n the 6AD6AM6AE "ar4et w!th S!e"ens

N( KroE( A)to%es4 In$entor( an% So!% E%e as we as "an+ others'

TA,E .1 "ETA(,S 9$ CAT(A

.1 H(ST9R3 9$ CAT(A

6ATIA starte% as an !n-ho)se %e$eo#"ent !n =>@@ b+ French

a!rcraft "an)fact)rer A$!ons Marce Dassa)t( at that t!"e c)sto"er of the

6ADAM 6AD software to %e$eo# Dassa)ts M!rae &hter ,et( an% then wasa%o#te% !n the aeros#ace( a)to"ot!$e( sh!#b)!%!n( an% other !n%)str!es'

De$eo#er:s; Dassa)tS+ste"s

Stabe reease 8?R01==2 No$e"ber 03(

01=1

O#erat!n

s+ste"

9n!2 W!n%ows

T+#e 6AD software

L!cense Kro#r!etar+

Webs!te WWW'3%s'co"

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Software_developerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Software_release_life_cyclehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operating_systemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operating_systemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_software_categorieshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Software_licensehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Software_developerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Software_release_life_cyclehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operating_systemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operating_systemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_software_categorieshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Software_license


19/26

In!t!a+ na"e% 6ATI :6once#t!on Ass!ste% Tr!%!"ens!onnee

Interact!$e - French for Interact!$e A!%e% Three-%!"ens!ona Des!n; - !t was

rena"e% 6ATIA !n =>=( when Dassa)t create% a s)bs!%!ar+ to %e$eo# an% se

the software( an% s!ne% a non-e2c)s!$e %!str!b)t!on aree"ent w!th IBM'

In =>( the Boe!n 6o"#an+ chose 6ATIA as !ts "a!n 3D 6AD too(

beco"!n !ts arest c)sto"er' In =>( 6ATIA $ers!on 3 was #orte% fro" "a!nfra"e co"#)ters to 9NI'

In =>>1( Genera D+na"!cs Eectr!c Boat 6or# chose 6ATIA as !ts "a!n 3D

6AD too( to %es!n the 9'S' Na$+s 8!r!n!a cass s)b"ar!ne' In =>>0( 6ADAM was #)rchase% fro" IBM an% the ne2t +ear 6ATIA 6ADAM

8 was #)b!she%' In =>>?( !t was #orte% fro" one to fo)r 9NI o#erat!n

s+ste"s( !nc)%!n IBM AI( S!!con Gra#h!cs IRI( S)n M!cros+ste"s S)nOS

an% Hewett-Kac4ar% HK-9' In =>>( an ent!re+ rewr!tten $ers!on of 6ATIA( 6ATIA 8/ was reease%(

w!th s)##ort for 9NI( W!n%ows NT an% W!n%ows K s!nce 011=' In 011( Dassa)t anno)nce% an% reease% 6ATIA 8?' Wh!e the ser$er can

r)n on M!crosoft W!n%ows( L!n)2 or AI( c!ent s)##ort for an+ o#erat!n

s+ste" other than M!crosoft W!n%ows !s %ro##e%'

.1.1 Relese History

Na"e8ers!o

n

Latest B)!%

N)"ber

Or!!na Reease

Date

Latest Reease

Date6ATIA $ R0/ =>>3 Jan)ar+ 011@6ATIA $/ R01 =>> Febr)ar+ 01=16ATIA $? R01=0 0>1/011 Ma+ 01==

T%le .2: ersions of CAT(A

.2 SC9PE 9$ APP,(CAT(98

6o""on+ referre% to as 3D Kro%)ct L!fec+ce Manae"ent

software s)!te( 6ATIA s)##orts ")t!#e staes of #ro%)ct %e$eo#"ent :fro"

conce#t)a!5at!on( %es!n :6AD;( "an)fact)r!n :6AM;( an% en!neer!n :6AE;'

6ATIA fac!!tates coaborat!$e en!neer!n across %!sc!#!nes( !nc)%!n s)rfac!n

sha#e %es!n( "echan!ca en!neer!n( e*)!#"ent an% s+ste"s en!neer!n'


20/26

.2.1 S'rfcing ; Shpe "esign

6ATIA #ro$!%es a s)!te of s)rfac!n( re$erse en!neer!n( an%

$!s)a!5at!on so)t!ons to create( "o%!f+( an% $a!%ate co"#e2 !nno$at!$e

sha#es' Fro" s)b%!$!s!on( st+!n( an% 6ass A s)rfaces to "echan!ca f)nct!onas)rfaces'

.2.2 )echnicl Engineering

6ATIA enabes the creat!on of 3D #arts( fro" 3D s4etches(

sheet "eta( co"#os!tes( an% "o%e%( fore% or too!n #arts )# to the %e&n!t!on

of "echan!ca asse"b!es' It #ro$!%es toos to co"#ete #ro%)ct %e&n!t!on(!nc)%!n f)nct!ona toerances( as we as 4!ne"at!cs %e&n!t!on'

.2.+ E


21/26

• 8/ can wor4 w!th other a##!cat!ons( !nc)%!n Eno$a( S"artea"( an%

$ar!o)s 6AE Ana+s!s a##!cat!ons'

.+ SPP9RTE" 9PERAT(8= S3STE)S A8" P,AT$9R)S

CAT(A > r)ns on+ on M!crosoft W!n%ows an% Mac OS w!th !"!te%

#ro%)cts' CAT(A / r)ns on M!crosoft W!n%ows :both 30-b!t an% ?-b!t;( an% as of

Reease =Ser$!ce Kac4 on W!n%ows 8!sta ?'IBM AI( Hewett Kac4ar%

HK-9 an% S)n M!cros+ste"s Soar!s are s)##orte%' CAT(A !s s)##orte% for those 9n!2es an% IBM M8S an% 8M6MS

"a!nfra"e #atfor"s )# to reease ='@' CAT(A + an% ear!er r)n on the "a!nfra"e #atfor"s'

.APP,(CAT(98S 9$ CAT(A

6ATIA can be a##!e% to a w!%e $ar!et+ of !n%)str!es( fro"

aeros#ace an% %efense( a)to"ot!$e( an% !n%)str!a e*)!#"ent( to h!h tech(

sh!#b)!%!n( cons)"er oo%s( #ant %es!n( cons)"er #ac4ae% oo%s( !fe

sc!ences( arch!tect)re an% constr)ct!on( #rocess #ower an% #etroe)"( an%ser$!ces' 6ATIA 8( 6ATIA 8/( KroE( N :for"er+ 9n!ra#h!cs;( an% So!% Wor4s

are the %o"!nant s+ste"s'

..1 Aerospce

The Boe!n 6o"#an+ )se% 6ATIA 83 to %e$eo# !ts@@@

a!r!ner( an% !s c)rrent+ )s!n 6ATIA 8/ for the@@ ser!es a!rcraft' The+ ha$e

e"#o+e% the f) rane of Dassa)t S+ste"s 3D KLM #ro%)cts Q 6ATIA( DELMIA(

an% ENO8IAL6A Q s)##e"ente% b+ Boe!n %e$eo#e% a##!cat!ons'

• The %e$eo#"ent of the In%!an L!ht 6o"bat A!rcraft has been )s!n 6ATIA

8/'

• 6h!nese !an JH-@ A !s the &rst a!rcraft %e$eo#e% b+ 6ATIA 8/( when the

%es!n was co"#ete% on Se#te"ber 0?( 0111'

• E)ro#ean aeros#ace !ant A!rb)s has been )s!n 6ATIA s!nce 011='

• 6ana%!an a!rcraft "a4er Bo"bar%!er Aeros#ace has %one a of !ts a!rcraft

%es!n on 6ATIA'

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boeinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boeing


22/26

• The Bra5!!an a!rcraft co"#an+( EMBRAER( )se 6at!a 8 an% 8/ to b)!% a

a!r#anes'

• 8o)ht A!rcraft In%)str!es )se 6ATIA 8 an% 8/ to #ro%)ce !ts #arts'

• The Br!t!sh He!co#ter co"#an+( Westan%( )se 6ATIA 8 an% 8/ to

#ro%)ce a the!r a!rcraft' Westan% !s now #art of an Ita!an co"#an+ cae%F!n"eccan!ca the ,o!ne% co"#an+ cas the"se$es A)staWestan%

..2 A'tomotie

Man+ a)to"ot!$e co"#an!es )se 6ATIA to $ar+!n %erees(

!nc)%!n BMW( Korsche( Da!"er AG( 6hr+ser( Hon%a( A)%!( Ja)ar Lan%

Ro$er8o4swaen( Bente+ Motors L!"!te%( 8o$o( F!at( Benteer AG( KSA Ke)eot

6!tron( Rena)t( To+ota( For%( Scan!a( H+)n%a!( S4o%a A)to( Tesa Motors( 8a"et

A)to"ot!$e( Kroton( Tata "otors an% Mah!n%ra Mah!n%ra L!"!te%'

Goo%+ear )ses !t !n "a4!n t!res for a)to"ot!$e an%

aeros#ace an% aso )ses a c)sto"!5e% 6ATIA for !ts %es!n an% %e$eo#"ent'

Man+ a)to"ot!$e co"#an!es )se 6ATIA for car str)ct)res Q %oor bea"s( IK

s)##orts( b)"#er bea"s( roof ra!s( s!%e ra!s( bo%+ co"#onents Q beca)se

6ATIA !s $er+ oo% !n s)rface creat!on an% 6o"#)ter re#resentat!on of s)rfaces'

Bo"bar%!er Trans#ortat!on( 6ana%a !s )s!n 6ATIA software to %es!n !ts ent!re

.eet of Tra!n en!nes( 6oaches'

..+ Ship %'ilding

Dassa)t S+ste"s has be)n ser$!n sh!#b)!%ers w!th 6ATIA

8/ reease ( wh!ch !nc)%es s#ec!a feat)res )sef) to sh!#b)!%ers' GD Eectr!c

Boat )se% 6ATIA to %es!n the atest fast attac4 s)b"ar!ne cass for the 9n!te%

States Na$+( the 8!r!n!a cass' Northro# Gr)""an New#ort News aso )se%

6ATIA to %es!n the Gera%R. For% cass of s)#er carr!ers for the 9S Na$+'

.. (nd'stril E


23/26

6aas( an% aso $ar!o)s !n%)str!a e*)!#"ent #ro%)ct co"#an!es !4e Asto"

Kower an% ABB Gro)#

../ 9ther

Arch!tect Fran4 Gehr+ has )se% the software( thro)h the 6-

6)be% 8!rt)a Arch!tect)re co"#an+( now $!rt)a B)!% Tea"( to %es!n h!s awar%-

w!nn!n c)r$!!near b)!%!ns' H!s technoo+ ar"( Gehr+ Technoo!es( has been

%e$eo#!n software base% on 6ATIA 8/ na"e% D!!ta Kro,ect' D!!ta Kro,ect has

been )se% to %es!n b)!%!ns an% has s)ccessf)+ co"#ete% a han%f) of

#ro,ects'

..> Wheel rim nomenclt're

$ig./.1 Wheel

rim

nomenclt're

/./. 2" )odel of the &heel rim

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Claashttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alstom_Powerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alstom_Powerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ABB_Grouphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_Gehryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curvilinearhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gehry_Technologies&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_Projecthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Claashttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alstom_Powerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alstom_Powerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ABB_Grouphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_Gehryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curvilinearhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gehry_Technologies&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_Project


24/26

In!t!a+ the 0D %raw!n of whee r!" !s %one b+ )s!n 6ATIA

accor%!n to %!"ens!ons s#ec!&e%'

Speci?ctions of )odel Wheel Rim


25/26

.> Steps (noled (n "esign of &heel rim:


26/26

design of wheel rim and tyre assembly

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