PROJECT ONPROJECT ONDESIGN OF PLATE HEAT EXCHANGERDESIGN OF PLATE HEAT EXCHANGER

Submitted bySubmitted by

AMBARISH PHATAKAMBARISH PHATAK

NINAD LATURKARNINAD LATURKAR

RAVI AWADERAVI AWADE

Guided byGuided by

Prof. G.G.DongreProf. G.G.Dongre

Introduction to heat exchangersIntroduction to heat exchangers

Modes of heat transferModes of heat transfer

1. Conduction1. Conduction

2 .Convection2 .Convection

3. Radiation3. Radiation

Introduction to heat exchangersIntroduction to heat exchangers

Classification based onClassification based on

1. Transfer process1. Transfer process

a) Direct contacta) Direct contact

b) Indirect contactb) Indirect contact

2. Flow arrangement2. Flow arrangement

a) Parallel Flowa) Parallel Flow

b) Counter Flowb) Counter Flow

c) Cross flowc) Cross flow

Different types of plate heat Different types of plate heat exchangersexchangers

1.1. Spiral type plate exchangerSpiral type plate exchanger

2.2. Plate-fin and tube type exchangerPlate-fin and tube type exchanger

3.3. Brazed plate-fin type exchangerBrazed plate-fin type exchanger

4.4. Plate-fin and tube type exchangerPlate-fin and tube type exchanger

Different types of plate heat Different types of plate heat exchangersexchangers

Brazed Plate-fin type

Plate-fin and tube type

Plate-frame type

Spiral plate type exchanger

PHE - main componentsPHE - main componentsCarrying bar

Pressureplate

Plate packTightening bolts

Frame plate

Frame Frame

Carryings bar in Aluminium or Painted carbon steelCarryings bar in Aluminium or Painted carbon steel Support columns in Aluminium or Painted carbon Support columns in Aluminium or Painted carbon

steelsteel Guiding bars in Stainless SteelGuiding bars in Stainless Steel

Carrying bars

SuppSupport ort

colucolumnsmns

Guiding Guiding barsbars

Frame Frame Tightening bolts to allow easy openingTightening bolts to allow easy opening

— — Bolt headBolt head

— — Bearing boxBearing box

— — Plastic coverPlastic cover

— — Lock washerLock washer

— — NutNut

— — Rolled threadRolled thread

Easy maintenanceEasy maintenance

One man can open One man can open and close a large PHE and close a large PHE using standard tools using standard tools

Serviceability Serviceability Less downtimeLess downtime SafetySafety Longer lifetimeLonger lifetime

smallersmaller

Carryings bar, Support columns and Guiding bar in AluminiumCarryings bar, Support columns and Guiding bar in Aluminium No roller needed due to low weight pressure plateNo roller needed due to low weight pressure plate

Round guiding Round guiding barbar

Support Support columncolumn

Round carrying bar

The Plate PackThe Plate Pack

Plate sizesPlate sizes

Plate geometriesPlate geometries

Plate - corrugation and Plate - corrugation and channelschannels

L: Low theta H: High theta

We have two plate corrugations (L and H)We have two plate corrugations (L and H)

L + L = L channels L + H = M channels H + H = H channels

These form three different channels (L, M and H)These form three different channels (L, M and H)

We choose between L, M and H channelsWe choose between L, M and H channels

Tailor-make it for the specific dutyTailor-make it for the specific duty

Plate - main componentsPlate - main components

Thin sheet design, cold formed in single step hydraulic pressing (up to 40000 tons)

Main heat transferarea

Distribution area

Suspension

Inlet / outlet Passing through

Gasket in gasket groove

Leak chamber

Plate - materialsPlate - materials Standard materials and thicknessesStandard materials and thicknesses

AISI 304 (stainless steel)AISI 304 (stainless steel)

Usually 0.4 or 0.5 mm thicknessUsually 0.4 or 0.5 mm thickness

Cheapest possible solutionCheapest possible solution

AISI 316 (stainless steel)AISI 316 (stainless steel)

Always 0.5 and 0.6 mmAlways 0.5 and 0.6 mm

Some with thicker plates (high-pressure applications)Some with thicker plates (high-pressure applications)

254 SMO (high-alloy stainless steel)254 SMO (high-alloy stainless steel)

Usually in 0.6 mm to allow stock-keepingUsually in 0.6 mm to allow stock-keeping

Titanium Titanium

Always 0.5 and 0.6 mmAlways 0.5 and 0.6 mm

Some with thicker plates (high-pressure applications)Some with thicker plates (high-pressure applications)

Some PHEs with 0.4 mm (low-pressure applications)Some PHEs with 0.4 mm (low-pressure applications)

Alloy C-276 (Nickel alloy)Alloy C-276 (Nickel alloy)

Usually in 0.6 mm to allow stock-keepingUsually in 0.6 mm to allow stock-keeping

100%

115%

250%

300%

600%

RelativePrice

Gasket - advanced sealing Gasket - advanced sealing systemsystem

...or glue-free gasket

that do not mix sealing and fastening function

Two component oven-

cured epoxy glue

“Roof-top”gasket profile

Supporting and protecting gasket

groove

Gasket material

from certified

suppliers

Homogeneous

rubber gasket

made in one piece

Gasket materialGasket material The choice of rubber material depends onThe choice of rubber material depends on

Fluids - chemical attack or notFluids - chemical attack or not

The combination of temperature and pressureThe combination of temperature and pressure

Rubber materials change properties due toRubber materials change properties due to

Time - the rubber relaxesTime - the rubber relaxes

Temperature - the rubber deterioratesTemperature - the rubber deteriorates

Hardening by attack of oxidising agents (e.g., Hardening by attack of oxidising agents (e.g., oxygen in air)oxygen in air)

Swelling or softening by absorption of Swelling or softening by absorption of chemicals in thechemicals in the fluids fluids

Gasket materialGasket material

Commonly used gasket materials:Commonly used gasket materials:1.1. Natural rubberNatural rubber2.2. Styrene-butadiene-SBRStyrene-butadiene-SBR3.3. NitrileNitrile4.4. ButylButyl5.5. Ethylene propelene rubberEthylene propelene rubber6.6. Flourinated rubberFlourinated rubber7.7. Compressed asbestos fibreCompressed asbestos fibre

Stacking of platesStacking of plates

Cold in

Hot out

Hot in

Cold out

Working principleWorking principle

End

Pla

te I

I

End

Pla

te I

Cha

nnel

pla

tes

Only 2 plates that do not transfer heat - the endplatesOnly 2 plates that do not transfer heat - the endplates

Problem statementProblem statement

Design a plate heat exchanger for 800 Kg/hr of Design a plate heat exchanger for 800 Kg/hr of deminaralized water that enters an exchanger at 50°C deminaralized water that enters an exchanger at 50°C and leaves the exchanger at 40°C. The heat will be and leaves the exchanger at 40°C. The heat will be transferred to 800 Kg/hr of seawater coming from transferred to 800 Kg/hr of seawater coming from supply at 33°C and leaving the exchanger at 42.9°C. A supply at 33°C and leaving the exchanger at 42.9°C. A 65 KPa pressure drop on demineralised water side and 65 KPa pressure drop on demineralised water side and 67 KPa on seawater side may be expended. Actual area 67 KPa on seawater side may be expended. Actual area of the heat exchanger is given that 318/322 m² and the of the heat exchanger is given that 318/322 m² and the number of plate should not be increases more than that number of plate should not be increases more than that of 173/175.of 173/175.

Also Given input data:Also Given input data: a = 1.84 m²a = 1.84 m² gap between the plates = b = 3.25*10-3 mgap between the plates = b = 3.25*10-3 m Channel width = w = 0.9367 mChannel width = w = 0.9367 m Channel height = H = 2.192 mChannel height = H = 2.192 m Connection diameter = 230 mmConnection diameter = 230 mm

Approach to solve the problemApproach to solve the problemTHERMALTHERMAL

Using LMTD method calculate the avg. heat load- Using LMTD method calculate the avg. heat load- “Q” and ∆Tm.“Q” and ∆Tm.

Find the heat transfer coefficient at both the Find the heat transfer coefficient at both the sides-primary and secondary.sides-primary and secondary.

Knowing the overall heat transfer coefficient, Knowing the overall heat transfer coefficient, calculate the total area needed by the formula:calculate the total area needed by the formula:

Q=K.A.∆TmQ=K.A.∆Tm Calculate the number of plates needed as the Calculate the number of plates needed as the

area of each plate is known.area of each plate is known. Check the pressure drop on both sides are in the Check the pressure drop on both sides are in the

required limits.required limits.

Approach to solve the problemApproach to solve the problemMECHANICALMECHANICAL

• TIGHTENING BOLTS:TIGHTENING BOLTS:

Material - SA 193-B7; Material - SA 193-B7;

Designed according to ASME CODE 8- table UCS-Designed according to ASME CODE 8- table UCS-2323

• FRAME AND PRESSURE PLATEFRAME AND PRESSURE PLATE

Material - SA 516-60;Material - SA 516-60;

Designed according to Section U2 and referred Designed according to Section U2 and referred table UCS-23 table UCS-23 and UG-23(c).and UG-23(c).

• STUD BOLTSTUD BOLT

Material – SA 193-B7Material – SA 193-B7

Testing procedure of pheTesting procedure of phe

EquipmentsEquipments Test proceduresTest procedures Examination Examination Acceptance standardAcceptance standard ReportsReports

ConclusionConclusion

Plate heat exchanger has an advantages as :Plate heat exchanger has an advantages as : Movable pressure platesMovable pressure plates VersatilityVersatility Lower liquid volumeLower liquid volume ExpandableExpandable DurabilityDurability ReliablityReliablity