11Blau Monunment

The first piece to include both pictures and writing.

- A Petroglyph is a scratched sign that

has been scratched into rock or wood.

- Pictograph is an elementary image

representing what it is.

- Ideographs is a bunch of pictures that

represent an idea.

Symbol is something that can be under-

stood outside of context.

- Hieroglyphics are symbols that would

represent sounds.

Hieratic script was quicker and less

strokes.

- Deonitc script was very simplified.

- A scarab was like a trademark and

people used it because they needed a

visual way to communicate ownership.

Code of Hammurabi

The earliest form of law through written commu-nication.

THE INVENTIONOF WRITING

An example of a Petroglyph

1Early Writing & Alphabets

The Greek Alphabet

a) Defined what was happening during the time

period.

b) Took from the Phinesian Alphabet and

changed five consonants to vowels.

c) Very geometric and created blocks on

the page.

d) “Boustrophedon” meaning it was

read left to right and then right to

left.

e) The “Y” stood for agree-

ment and was more than

a sound.

The Latin Alphabet

a) Early Roman civilizations

from Greece.

b) The letter “Z” was

replaced with the

letter “G”

c) Contained 21

letters initially.

d) Needed to add

“Greek” sounds so then

added the “Y” and “Z” sounds.

e) Serif’s were added to the edge

of letter to make it easier to read.

Early communication used Icons, then Alphabets used

Symbols so that they could be understood out of context.

An Alphabet is a set of

visual symbols or characters

used to represent the ele-

mentary sounds of a spoken

language. They can be

combined and connected

to make visual configura-

tions signifying sounds, and

words uttered by the

human mouth.

2

Illuminated Manuscripts are named

after the gold leafs they would use

to make them look illuminated.

The visual embellishment was to

show importence. It was very

expensive, and only used

by Kings. It took about

300 sheep to make

one book.

Illuminated Manuscripts

The Classical Style

Greeks & Romans

Modern Day Comic Book

Text at the top supporting the illustration.

Celtic Book Design

Ireland

Leafs, twists, borders, weaving, bright colors.

Caroline Graphic Renewal

Became the standard in Europe

Writing became standardized and orderly.

Spanish Pictorial Expressionism

Flat shapes of intense color.

Deals exclusively with the book of revelations.

Romanesque Man

Religious Texts

Textura Style was extreamly popluar because

it saved space.

Islamic Manuscipts

Elaborate letters and designs

Very Geometric

Scrittori: High paying postition

in charge of editing and directing

the creation of Illuminated Manuscripts.

*Must know Greek & Latin

Design Styles

4Celtic Book DesignSpanish Pictorial Expressionism

How to Copperplate Engrave

1. Plate of copper

2. Create a drawing etched in the copper.

3. Runk Ink over it.

4. Ink will get trapped in the indent.

5. Press it to the page and ink will get pulled out.

The Classical Style

Greeks & Romans

Modern Day Comic Book

Text at the top supporting the illustration.

Celtic Book Design

Ireland

Leafs, twists, borders, weaving, bright colors.

Caroline Graphic Renewal

Became the standard in Europe

Writing became standardized and orderly.

Spanish Pictorial Expressionism

Flat shapes of intense color.

Deals exclusively with the book of revelations.

Romanesque Man

Religious Texts

Textura Style was extreamly popluar because

it saved space.

Islamic Manuscipts

Elaborate letters and designs

Very Geometric

5Printing comes to Europe

Made the lowclass equal to the upper class

because everyone was now literate.

42 Line bible was the first purely print graphic

book and was written by Gutenberg.

Early Block Printing

Typography is the term for print-

ing with independent, move-

able, and reusable bits of

metal or wood, each of

which has a raised

letter on one face.

Made it easier to

read and create

books.5

Renaissance style had floral decorationNo hand illustrations

New Font Alert!Opera: First time an italic font was used.Condensed look of Textura but less weight.

First book printed in American Colonies was the Book of Psalms.

“Whole book” wanted to prove that the colonies weren’t behind.

77Renaissance in Graphic Design Revival

Jeffery Torry invents the Apostrophe and accent

17th Century

Slow time for design innovation because they

didn’t see the need for new type. They had

enough books and type styles.

Romain du Roi1692 King Roi created a type face that only the Royal Office coulduse. It was bassed off of scientific 64 units.

The Rococo EraA-symmetrical, C & S curves, Cop-perplate Engraving

Fournier le JeuneManuel Typographic - A book he made to represent his work.Set measurement standardiza-tions and proportions.

William CaslonVery Sturdy, thick serifs, easy to read.Declaration of independense

John BaskervilleTook from Roman Letters and elevated them. Fancy Refined look.

Modern StyleBodoni ItalyStraight serifs Condesnded and heavy

InfographicVisual way of representing complex data.William Playfair7

An Epoch of Typegraphic Genius’s

Romain du Roi

The Rococo Era

William Playfair infographic

Grap

hic D

esin

g and

the I

ndus

tria

l Rev

olut

ion

1760-1840Began witht the perfectoin of the steam engine by James WattNew factories and machine’s were booming.

Era of mass visual com-munication.Type started to get more feeling and have a voice.

Fat FaceHorizontal and vertical strokes that are very different.

Egyptian TypeBold and machine type feelingSlab serifsStrong and sturdy

IonicVariation of EgyptianBracted Serifs

San Serif Type

Wood Style PostersBigDarrious Wells

A Wood Style Poster

The Genesis of 20th century design

12

End of 1800’s New forms of expressionFrank Lloyd Right School- First to use space as a way of design - Harmonious Proportions- Use of positive and negative space

The Ver-sacrum was the greatest work of the era.

1890 London UndergroundFrank PickNew font faceconsistency commisioned posters to advertise.

12

1213

Influe

nces

of m

odern

art

Analytical

Cubism

- C

halle

ngin

g the renaissa

nce sty

le

Dra

win

g the p

ossib

ilities of w

hat

som

eth

ing c

ould

look lik

e.

Futurism

- Wanted to revolt against the styles of the world.

- Felippo Marinetti published a manifesto of Futurism in Paris

Dada

- Anti- art movement

- Shock, Protest, Nonsense

- Marcel Montage

13Expressionism

- Salvador Dali

- Fantasy in the real world.

Futurism by Felippo Marinetti

1414

Pictograph

- It is what it is.

- Icon

The Beggarstaffs

- Two brothers who worked in collage style

Plakastil

- Focused on bright color

- Bernhard - Flat background, Big image

Art Deco

- Basic geometric shapes

- 1930’s

- Disneyland

Pictorial Modernism

1515A new language of Form

Began after WW1No longer about an imageRussian Suprematism- Filippo Marinetti

Bolsheviks- Lower class- wanted to show poverty could creat art

Kasimir Malevich El Lissitzky Alexander Rodchenko

Founded SuprematismPure ColorGeometicBasic

ConstructionistRed, Black, WhiteVisual Poetry

Founded SuprematismPure ColorGeometicBasic

16The new Typography16Jan Tschichold- first applied new approaches to design problems- influencded by Bauhaus-clean simple and non stylized.

Eric Gill- Gill Sans serifMade by the eye1925 perpetua typeunequal line lengths

Paul Renner- Futura san serif type- Bold- NikeTypeface for the london timestimes new roman `

1925 perpetua type

18The international typographic style

1950’s- Switzerland & Germany- The style is known fori. Unity which is achieved by asymmetrical organizationof the design elements on a mathmatically contructed grid.ii. Objective photography and copy the present visual and verbal information in a clear and factual manner, free fromexaggerated claims and commerical advertising.iii. Clarity and Order

Theo ballmer- Studied at Bauhaus - Very structured that used a grid- Strong simple shapes

Max Bill- Studied at bauhaus- Color with mathematical precision-Art Concret

Mac Huber- extreame simplicity- Complex visual organization

Helvetica

- Created by Edouard hoffman

and max miedinger

- SwitzerlandJan Tschichold- first applied new approaches to design problems- influencded by Bauhaus-clean simple and non stylized.

Eric Gill- Gill Sans serifMade by the eye1925 perpetua typeunequal line lengths

Paul Renner- Futura san serif type- Bold- NikeTypeface for the london timestimes new roman `

Theo ballmer

The New York SchoolPaul Rand- Modern Design- He valued ordinary universally signsand symbols and translates them into ideasfor visual communication.- Design is an integration of form and function for effectivecommunication.

Saul bass- Brought the style to LA- single dominant image- Master of film titles

1950 FIRST ART SCHOOL FOR DESIGN AT YALE UNIVERSITY

ADVERTISING DESIGN- MAGAZINES (FORTUNE, VOGUE, HARPER’S BAZAAR)- FIGURATIVE TYPOGRAPHY- WOOD TYPE- GEORGE LUIS

1919Paul Rand

Saul bass

2020Corporate Identities and Visual Systems

“Good design is good business!”

Georg Olden- Designed CBS, USPS logo- African American- He made design a verb

Raymond Loewe- Designed for BP, Shell, Exxon, US mail- He created the future before people knew it- New York railroad identity

MTV- 1981- Changed the face, the idea, and the spread of graphic design- Logo design by Pat Gorman, Frank Olinsky, Patti rogoff

Chermayeff & Geisma- Designed for Chase bank- 100 Corporate design programs

Saul Bass- Designed for At&T and Minolta- Created iconic trademarks

2222Post modern Design1970’S Modern era was coming

to an end designers realized design needed to be over-hauled and they began break-ing the international style.

Siegried Odermatt- 1966 Union Safe Company- You could feel the type- Worked for Time Warner & NBC

New Wave Typography-Motion, Anxious- Began a revolt against the modernist movement and the ITS.-Swiss

Wolfgang Weingart- First to question cleanness of ITS- Embraced Collages- Moved passed ITS

Dan Friedman- Teacher at Yale University- Used contrasting weights, geometric stairstepping, lines and bars as visual punctua-tion.

Retro Design- Focus’s on bringing back European modernist design- Brings back 1920 designs- Paula Scher is a perfect example

Louise Fili- Book jacket designed using retro style

Paula Scher

Louise FiliSiegfried Formatter

2424

Growth of television created a platform for motion graphics

Digital Revolution- Apple PC brought digital type to anyone- 72 dip-Bitmap graphics

Computers allowed anyone to create- Correct mistakes- Layers- Textures- Stretches

David Carson- 1990 was a professional surfer and school teacher- Got rid of grids and patterns- Large type, big captions- Art director at Ray Gun

Jonathan Hoefler- Created Gotham in 2000- Teaches at Yale- Worked for big magazines

Pat Gorman-MTV color variation logos

Pentagram- Paula Scher - Leading Pentagram for 40 yearsBierut & Schmid- These tow designers kept the Its alive

Letterpress rival