design, modelling, simulation and testing of smart ......design, modelling, simulation and testing...

Design, modelling, simulation and testing of smart metering

solutions

Czech Technical University in Prague• Faculty of Electrical Engineering• Department of Telecommunication

Engineering

Masaryk university• Institute of computer science• Faculty of Informatics• CERIT Scientific Cloud• Institute of law and technology

Czech academical expert group

Actual situation• Increasing requirements to systematic approach to smart

grids evolution• National Study I (2012)• National Study II (2017)• National Energy Conception• National Action Plan• EU initiatives (SET Plan 2020, EEGI), coordination groups

• To find a good SG solution is a key step in development of Czech Republic critical infrastructure

• Good solution = solution optimized for Czech distribution grids and requirements of Czech society

Masaryk University Czech Technical University in Prague

Expert group• Smart grid domain is very large

• one research institute cannot solve all problems• tens of research institutes are not able to deliver one consistent

and practically usable result for utility company

• We have formed expert group of CVUT & MU• Energetics & HW: CVUT• SW, security and legislation: MU

• Experiences from• Numerous research projects• Knowledge of CEZ distribution grid environment from several

contract research projects• Knowledge of actual and prepared Czech and Europe legislation

related to SM/SG


Realized project for CEZCVUT

2011 CEZ ICT Analyses of possible usage of telemetry services available in Czech market

2012 CEZ Metering Analyses of attacks to measurement systems of CEZ Metering

2013 CEZ Metering Analyses of metering devices components manufacturing quality

Similar contract research topics for PRE

Masaryk University

2012 CEZ Metering Software environment for simulation of 3.5 milion smart meters, stress tests of systems implemented in CEZ Wide Pilot Project AMM.

2013 CEZ ICT Revision of energy data management systems development strategy.

2013 CEZ Metering Analyses of communication systems development

Cooperation with the company Mycroft Mind, a.s. on projects concerning AMM data analyses, substation monitoring and local load control (Lodis)


Goal

To be stable and competent partner in design, evaluation, implementation and maintaining smart metering / smart

grid solution

• Provide long-term experiences and knowledge of CEZ distribution grid environment

• Provide tools and facilities as simulation models, labs, experimental infrastructures


Complex design of possible solutions

• Individual components of whole system cannot be evaluated separately

• Suitable communication technology depends on planned communication characteristics

• Communication characteristics depends on required function of complete solution• Required functions depends on business requirements to the system

• The solution is complex simulation model of possible alternative solutions which canbe evaluated in simulation environment


Key topicsCommunication layer• Pilot projects clearly shows the crucial role of suitable communication

technology selection• Communication between smart meter and data concentrator• Communication between data concentrator and central applications

Effective monitoring and maintenance is a must• Reliability

• Self-healing• Monitoring


Role of models and simulations

• How airplanes are designed and tested?• Is smart metering / smart grid system complex as airplane?


Tools for testing, analysis and optimization of lower layers

of communication networks

Ji í Vodrážka – Zbyn k Kocur – Tomáš Hégr

Czech Technical University in PragueFaculty of Electrical EngineeringDepartment of Telecommunication Engineering


Forms and fields of our activity

• Analysis, Diagnosis and Testing• Research and development• Expert and consultant activity• Training and Courses

– Data networks– Optical Networks– Access Networks (NGA)– Evaluation and measurement of QoS, QoE (LTE mobile

networks, 5G)– Smart Grid, Internet of things– Cyber Security


Smart Grid - projects

• Development of ICT networks for power engineering, monitoring, QoS

• Optimization of transmissions on slow channels (SCADA, telemetry)

• Smart metering, AMM• Communication in energy networks• Modems PLC / BPL for LV and HV (evaluation of pilot

projects)• M2M communication in mobile networks• Information security• Reliability and durability


• Laboratory for the development and implementation

• Training center CeduPoint• Department of Electroenergy• Department of Electrotechnology• Innovation Centre for diagnostics and application of

materials• Faculty of Information Technology

Cooperation between parts of ouruniversity


• The transition from classical telecommunications and data interface for TCP / IP / Ethernet

• The convergence of networks and services, Cloud computing

• Cyber Security• Communication solutions for MV - connecting DTS,

concentrators AMM, using of PLC / BPL• Low throughput and reliability of mobile networks and PLC

communication

Current problems in SG and SM


• Communication over power lines PLC / BPL• LV

• Narrowband Communications NB-PLC or BPL?• Systems with OFDM modulation (PRIME, G3), or MCM or SCM?

• MV• What type of binding used, what will be the impact on the failure rate?• What will be the impact of radiation in mass?

• Mobile communication• What is the prospect 2G / 3G networks?• LTE technology will enable adequate coverage, penetration into

buildings, throughput and reliability of data transmission (M2M services)?

Current issues of SM


• How often and what is actually needed to be read and transferred from the EM?

• Store data in EM, concentrator or just in data-center?• What actually all data will serve as one can read?• Surface mounting or only for certain classes of customers?• As use continues „HDO“ system, as suitably combined with

SM?

Current issues of SM


• Development and application know-how of complex telecommunications, ICT, data networks

• Methods and procedures, verified in a number of projects, including energy

• An experienced team of experts – HW,programmers, …

• Wide shot of pure technique for process management and economics

Answers to questions


PHY analysis Chanel measuring

Chanel simulation

Topology and parameters optimization

Real traffic analyze Data capture Traffic

analyzeAnalyze of

data context

Traffic emulation

Traffic generators

Performance tests

Stress tests, cyber attacks

Test analysisNetwork

parameters evaluation

Visualization of data

Cyber attacks immunity

Network optimization

Simulator OMNET

Laboratory testing

Security analysis

Development and design

Laboratory LVR SW design Device

4mulcom

Testing, analysis and optimization of communicationnetworks


EMs

Data streamgeneration

Filter

230 V

Ethernetcca 100 m

100 m 100 mcca 100 m

Tester

Central

Monitoring

PLC/BPL gateway

Noise injection

Concentrator

Laboratory tests of SM - PLC on LV


Examples – tests of SM


Data stream generation

230 V

Ethernet

Server

BPL gateway

• Communication at dTS• Traffic generation and analysis

BPL master

Mini PC

22 kV

Current problems in SG and SM


• Variants of communication• Point-to-point between DTS• Point-to-multipoint - shared bus• Frequency / time division• The influence of noise and type of coupler

• Scenarios of operation - load data traffic• RTU DTS• Measurements in DTS• Concentrators SM at DTS

Tests of BPL Communications on MV


• Topology models

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Modeling of communication on MV


• Applications for the measurement parameters of the communication network (TCP / IP)

• Analysis of the transmission rate, delay and loss rate• To define your own test profile

Traffic generator FlowPing


• Universal data analyzer• Possibility for on-line and off-line analysis of measured data• Connection to the real HW and SW simulation

Data Analyzer UDA


Example of data visualization – mobile network


• The simulation model are based on data from IEC 61850-5 focusing on sample values

• The amount of resources (ME) generating a stable flow 5+ Mbit/s to L2

• Critical transfer delay in combination with clusters• Analysis of different network configurations including VLAN

on different means of transmission (FE, GE)

Simulation model of IEC 61850 processbus


• Taking into account the typical transmission properties of different technologies (error rate, delay and speed)

• Fully configurable simulation model application machine

IEC 60870-5-104 simulation model


• Modeling and emulation acording to real data capture

IEC 60870-5-104 simulation model


• Adaptive inverse packet multiplexer• Patented solution• Mobile networks applications

Design of communication solution


Prototype development


• The combination of applications UDA and FlowPing• Analysis of the real-time network• Solutions for RFID infrastructure and other industrial applications

M2M

Testbed for Internet of Things


• Being the bearer of top know-how in SG and SM• Providing expert services to leading players• Engage in next generation pilot projects• Reply to open questions today• Create scenarios for optimized variant conditions

attaching SG and SM

Our goals


Ji í Vodrážka, [email protected] k Kocur, [email protected]

Tomáš Hégr, [email protected]

http://comtel.fel.cvut.cz

Thank you for your attention


Effective monitoring and maintenance of

smart metering solutions


How large is the system we need to monitor?• 3.500.000 consumption points 3.5M smart meters

• devices which are measuring, sending events, can be controlled

remotely upgraded …• devices in field from different manufacturers, different versions

• 50.000 secondary substations 50.000 data concentrators• computers with standard operation systems, databases, applications,

job planner, remote upgrades, communication modules, … • different manufacturers, different versions

• 97.985 km LV grids 97.985 km communication lines• slow, reliability dependent on grid situation • potentially more communication technologies (cities vs villages)

• Integration with 9 (WPP AMM) information systems


Example of maintenance problems

• broken smart meter (bad measurements, broken relay switch, error in event generation, not responding …)

• broken communication (bad passwords, incompatiblefirmware, software errors, temporarily unavailable PLC, …)

• freeze modem in substation• mobile network problems (network overload, local outages, …)

• problems on system interfaces• problems in central applications


Characteristics of monitored systems

• Monitoring is influencing behaviour of the systems• more monitoring cause worse functioning

• Good and independent communication lines are unavailable • Central evidence of assets and its changes cannot be achieved

• upgrades of BTS by mobile operator, topology changes in grid, work in field, changes in related information systems

• Whole system is in permanent evolution • new version of meter firmwares, concentrators, protocol,

information systems, requirements

• Closed World Assumption (CWA) – is not applicable• if I don‘t know about problem it doesn't mean the problem cannot occur

in field


Monitoring system

• receiving monitoring data coming from components• actively asking for specific monitoring data • process monitoring data

• aggregations, correlations, pattern detections,anomaly detections, …

• provides overall view to actual state of the system• detect and inform about maintenance problems and provides information for problem identificationand solving


Monitoring system parameters

• scope of detected maintenance problems • reliability

• false positives• false negatives

• latency between problem occurrence in the fieldand providing information about problem to user

• required scope of monitored data and communication line usage


User as a search engine

Filtering, correlations,

validations, …

Measurement, logs, alerts, exports …

reaction

decision


User as a supervisor

Measurements, logs, alerts, exports …

reactions

Important information

Filtering Correlations Validations

decision


Monitoring systems maturity levels

• Adaptation based on feedback – from systems and users

• pro-active monitoring• Early warnings for preventing error

situations

Level 3: Situation

prediction

• Advanced monitoring• Situation detection based on

context and history

Level 2: Situation recognition

• Basic monitoring• Event filtering and sending to

specific users

Level 1: Event filtering and routing

• Log storage• Event collection,

cleansing and validation

Level 0: Event collection

Level 4: Adaptation


Solution of bad communication lines problem

• passive monitoring of communication lines • e.g. NetFlow monitoring

• local monitoring data processing in data concentrators• delta criterions, event and state detections

• remote increasing/decreasing of monitoring level of detail

• information importance metric• which missing monitoring information will be most useful

in actual situation


Information importance metric

• metric determining importance of individual monitoring situation

• is used for selection of N most useful information • N is dependent on actual quality of communication lines• N can be dependent on previous situations

• can be combined with metric of probability of successful transmission of monitoring information


Key compontents of monitoring system

• Monitoring sensors• physical or logical

• Knowledge base of quantities, events and states• detected by monitoring sensors• detected and computed by monitoring system

• Detection and computation functions• states, quantities, events

• Monitoring action planner• pull, push, changes of sensors configuration


Role of simulation model

• monitoring of smart metering system cannot be designed separately from design of smart meteringsystem itself

• existing smart metering simulation model can beenhanced with model of monitoring system

• design of monitoring knowledge base• design of monitoring sensor network• design of monitoring processes

• using simulation for experimental evaluation of monitoring system behaviour


Thank for your attention


design, modelling, simulation and testing of smart ......design, modelling, simulation and testing...

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