design, fabrication and testing of octagon shape of microstrip patch antenna for multiband...

Shobhit University, Meerut, India

by

VISHANT KUMAR CHOUDHARY (Roll No.: MRT14PGVLSI003)

Under the supervision of

DESIGN OF OCTAGON SHAPE MICROSTRIP PATCH ANTENNA FOR MULTIBAND

APPLICATION

DR. NIRAJ SINGHALAssociate Professor

Department of Computer Science and I.T.Shobhit University

Meerut

MR. SUDARSHAN KUMAR Assistant Professor

Department of Electronics EngineeringIIMT Engineering College

Meerut

SHOBHIT UNIVERSITY,MEERUT 2016

Contents• Introduction• Related work• Proposed work• Implementation and results• Conclusion• Future Scope• Publication toward thesis• References


Introduction to Microstrip Antenna

Microstrip antennas are planar resonant cavities that leak from their edges and radiate. We can utilize printed circuit techniques to etch the antennas on soft substrates to produce low-cost and repeatable antennas in a low profile.The main disadvantage of Microstrip patch antenna is its narrow band width, lower gain and low power handling capacity.


A microstrip antenna consists of….

• A radiating patch• A dielectric substrate• A ground plane• Patch conductor should be of copper or gold ,

Relative dielectric constant εr of the substrate should be low

(2 < εr < 10)


Related WorkFeeding Techniques Coaxial / Probe feeding The inner conductor of coaxial connector is passing through

the substrate and is soldered to the radiating patch, while the outer conductor is connected to the ground plane.


Microstrip Line FeedingIn this type of feeding a microstrip transmission line is etched directly to the edge of patch which remains the total structure in same plane.


Aperture-Coupled FeedIn this type of feed the aperture coupling consists of two substrates separated by a ground plane. The ground plane is separated the radiating patch and microstrip line which locate at the bottom of lower substrate. The coupling is achieved through an electrically small aperture or slot cut in the ground plane.


Proximity-Coupled Feed

It's also called Electromagnetically Coupled ECMSA. It’s also consisting of two substrates. The microstrip feed line is locate between two substrate and the radiating patch is located in the top of upper substrate


Advantages of Microstrip Antenna• Light weight ,low volume and thin profile configuration

which can be made conformal• Low fabrication cost• Linear and circular polarization are possible with simple feed• Feed lines and matching network can be simultaneously with

the antenna structure

Disadvantages of Microstrip Antenna• Most microstrip antenna radiate into half space• Narrow bandwidth• Complex feed structure for arrays• Excitation of surface wave


Designed Rectangular Patch Antennas

Design Parameters• Resonating Frequency= 2.4 GHz• Dielectric Material FR4 /glass epoxy• Dielectric Constant = 4.4• Loss Tangent = 0.02Calculated dimension of the patch • Length (L) =28 mm• Width (W) = 38 mm• Feeding done is coaxial / Probe Feed and the feed location is

at coordinates (6, 6.5)

PROPOSED WORK


Three simulated microstrip Patch antenna Designs

ZSMPA SSMPA FSMPA


• A octagon shape polygon is cut in the radiating patch which has dimensional radius of approximately λg/8 in the single slotted structure and four additional slot is cut symmetrically of dimensional radius approximately λg/16.IE3D electromagnetic simulator is used for simulation.

• The length and width of the rectangular patch in all the patch antennas are 28 mm and 38 mm respactively.

• These designed patch antennas suits for various commercially available frequency range applications such as for GSM (1.86 GHz), ISM band (5 GHz), Wi-Fi IEEE 802.11(2.4-2.5 GHz for 802.11 b, g, n) and (5.7-5.9 GHz for 802.11 a & n), this shows that the proposed antennas have wide application range for commercial application.


Fabricated Microstrip Patch Antenna

TOP VIEW BACK VIEW


Simulated and Fabricated ResultsReturn loss Curve For ZSMPA

Three resonating band occurs at 1.86 GHz with return loss -23.19 dB, 2.46 GHz with return loss -15.6 dB and 5.52 GHz with return loss -14.4 dB.


For SSMPA

The resonating bands occurs at 1.65 GHz with return loss -12.22 dB, 2.21 GHz with the return loss -15 dB, 3.12 GHz with the return loss -11 dB, 5.2 GHz with the return loss -13.35 dB and 5.39 GHz with the return loss -14.65 dB.


For FSMPA

The bands occurs at frequencies 1.61 GHz with the return loss -12.6 dB, 2.25 GHz with the return loss -14.5 dB, 3.47 GHz with the return loss -10.92 dB, 4.85 GHz with the return loss -35.23 dB, 5.4 GHz with the return loss -10.50 dB and 5.9 GHz with the return loss -16.70 dB.


VSWR Curve For ZSMPA

The VSWR lies between 1 to 2 at the resonating frequencies 1.86 GHz , 2.46 GHz and 5.52 GHz.


For SSMPA

From the above curve it is shown that VSWR lies from 1 to 2 at frequencies at 1.65 GHz, 2.21 GHz, 3.12 GHz, and 5.39 GHz for the SSMPA.


For FSMPA

Fig. shows that at all the six resonating frequency the voltage standing wave ratio is lies between one to two. At the frequency of 1.6 GHz, 2.3 GHz, 3.4 GHz, 4.8 GHz, 5.4 GHz, 5.9 GHz and this shows the perfect matching condition between the coaxial probe impedance and the patch input impedance.


Directivity Curve

It is noticeable that average value of directivity stands at 8 dBi and approaches up 10.5 dBi and curve is approximately same in all the designs.

BLACK-ZSMPAVIOLET- SSMPAGREEN-FSMPA


Radiation Efficiency Curve

The radiation efficiency of the designed patch antennas averaged because the dielectric material is lossy.



Total Field Gain


Figure 5.13 shows the curve between the antenna gain Vs frequency. In the entire curve, black color for zero slot and violet color for single slot and green color is for five slots.


3D Radiation Pattern

ZSMPA (2.45 GHz) SSMPA(5.3 GHz) FSMPA(4.48 GHz)


Testing Of FSMPA

The testing of FSMPA is done at the Ambedkar Institute of Advanced Communication Technology & Research Center New Delhi by the Agilent Technologies Spectrum Analyzer N 5230A.


Measured Results

Return Loss Curve on analyzer

The S11 vs. frequency curve measurement curve is shown in the Figure.


VSWR Curve on analyser

The VSWR vs frequency measurement curve is shown in the Figure. The above curve shows the good correlation between the simulated and measured value of the five slots Microstrip patch antenna.


Comparison Curve of return loss Of FSMPA

The comparison Curve shows that resonating frequency is almost same in both the simulated and measured curve.


Applications GSM ISM WLAN-IEEE-802.11(a, b, g and n)


CONCLUSION•In this study, parameters on the basis of reflection coefficient S11, electrical parameters like resonant frequency, directivity, gain and radiation efficiency of the patches and two dimensional radiation patterns are investigated.

• All of the three patch antennas have more than one resonant frequency. Therefore, the proposed antennas have satisfactory characteristics for use as multiband communication antennas. •A new shape of slot in the radiating patch is taken in the two slotted forms. •The feeding technique used in all the three forms of the patch antennas are coaxial probe feeding.


FUTURE SCOPE•In future studies the formulas used for designing the star shape Microstrip patch antennas will arrange to give a direct result of the star arm length and resonant frequency.

• In future other different type of feed techniques can be used to calculate the overall performance of the antenna without missing the optimized parameters in the action.

• The same design method is used at different dielectric material of low loss tangent specially to enhance radiation efficiency.


1. Vishant kumar choudhary, Sudershan kumar and Dr. Niraj Singal, “Design of Octagon shape microstrip patch antenna for multiband application”, International journal of applied science and technology, Vol. 4 Issue. 1, pp. 36-40, January 2015.

PUBLICATIONS TOWARDS THESIS


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Contd..


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References


Thanks