Design and ManufacturingDesign and Manufacturing

COCO22 Race Cars Race Cars

TermsTerms

COCO22 : Carbon Dioxide Gas : Carbon Dioxide Gas Mass: The bulk of an objectMass: The bulk of an object Drag: The resistance of wind moving Drag: The resistance of wind moving

over an object. over an object. Friction: The resistance that one Friction: The resistance that one

surface or object encounters when surface or object encounters when moving over another.moving over another.

Newton's 3Newton's 3rdrd Law: For every action, Law: For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction.there is an equal and opposite reaction.

COCO22 Cars: Introduction Cars: IntroductionEveryone wants to design a COEveryone wants to design a CO22 car car

that will scream down the track and leave that will scream down the track and leave their classmates in the dust, right? Well, their classmates in the dust, right? Well, designing a COdesigning a CO22 car is like any other car is like any other design challenge. In order to do well, you design challenge. In order to do well, you have to know what your doing, and this have to know what your doing, and this requires some homework and requires some homework and brainstorming on your part. It is important brainstorming on your part. It is important that you follow the design process or your that you follow the design process or your car will not be constructed very well, car will not be constructed very well, giving your classmates the power to crush giving your classmates the power to crush your car come race day.your car come race day. Making a super Making a super fast car involves learning about the fast car involves learning about the principles behind COprinciples behind CO22 cars, the cars, the engineering factors involved, and the engineering factors involved, and the design envelope or constraints the project design envelope or constraints the project must remain within. must remain within.

COCO22 Cars: Principles Cars: Principles

Most people will refer to COMost people will refer to CO22 cars as cars as dragsters. This invites the comparison to top dragsters. This invites the comparison to top fuel dragsters the likes of which are often fuel dragsters the likes of which are often seen (and heard) screaming down a drag seen (and heard) screaming down a drag strip at incredible speeds. And yes it's true strip at incredible speeds. And yes it's true that COthat CO22 cars are run two at a time in a race cars are run two at a time in a race down a track just as those big thunderous down a track just as those big thunderous top fuel dragsters are. But that's where the top fuel dragsters are. But that's where the comparison ends. COcomparison ends. CO22 powered cars run on powered cars run on the same principle that propels rocket or jet the same principle that propels rocket or jet powered land speed record vehicles. One of powered land speed record vehicles. One of these vehicles, Thrust SSC of the Thrusts SSC these vehicles, Thrust SSC of the Thrusts SSC Team from England, recently broke the land-Team from England, recently broke the land-speed record as well as the sound barrier speed record as well as the sound barrier (over 760 MPH). (over 760 MPH).

COCO22 Cars: Principles Cars: PrinciplesThe driving principle behind these cars is The driving principle behind these cars is

that of Newton's Third Law: "For every action, that of Newton's Third Law: "For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction.“there is an equal and opposite reaction.“

When the CO2 cartridge is punctured in When the CO2 cartridge is punctured in the starting gate, the CO2 escapes with a the starting gate, the CO2 escapes with a great deal of force towards the rear of the great deal of force towards the rear of the car. And just as good Sir Newton would have car. And just as good Sir Newton would have predicted, the CO2 car reacts in the opposite predicted, the CO2 car reacts in the opposite direction with equal force rocketing down the direction with equal force rocketing down the track. Unlike a dragster engine that converts track. Unlike a dragster engine that converts fuel into energy to drive a set of wheels, our fuel into energy to drive a set of wheels, our CO2 race car is basically pushed by the CO2 CO2 race car is basically pushed by the CO2 cartridge. cartridge.

COCO22 Cars: Principles Cars: PrinciplesMany of the features of a dragster will Many of the features of a dragster will

actually work against a COactually work against a CO22 race car. For race car. For example, spoilers are used to force a example, spoilers are used to force a dragster's wheels into the ground in an effort dragster's wheels into the ground in an effort to increase traction so that all the engine's to increase traction so that all the engine's energy can be transformed into forward energy can be transformed into forward motion. Thanks to Newton's Third Law, the motion. Thanks to Newton's Third Law, the Co2 cartridge pushing our cars takes care of Co2 cartridge pushing our cars takes care of forward motion for us; spoilers, although cool forward motion for us; spoilers, although cool looking, just add drag. looking, just add drag.

Dragster engines burn enormous Dragster engines burn enormous amounts of fuel which requires large air amounts of fuel which requires large air intakes and exhaust pipes to suck air into the intakes and exhaust pipes to suck air into the engine and shoot hot exhaust gasses out of engine and shoot hot exhaust gasses out of the engine. Our COthe engine. Our CO22 race cars have no engine race cars have no engine and burn no fuel, so air intakes and exhaust and burn no fuel, so air intakes and exhaust pipes only act like parachutes to slow them pipes only act like parachutes to slow them down. down.

COCO22 Cars: Principles Cars: Principles

Moral of the story:Moral of the story:When one looks at the similarities between a COWhen one looks at the similarities between a CO22 race car and land speed record vehicles (LSRV), race car and land speed record vehicles (LSRV), then throw in knowledge of Newton's Third Law, it then throw in knowledge of Newton's Third Law, it becomes clear that designs for CObecomes clear that designs for CO22 race cars race cars should be styled after an LSRV, should be styled after an LSRV, notnot as a dragster. as a dragster.

COCO22 Cars: 4 Engineering Cars: 4 Engineering PrinciplesPrinciples

Mass: Mass: Cars with less mass Cars with less mass

go much faster.go much faster. Cars with less mass Cars with less mass

are less stable and are less stable and less durable. less durable.

Drag:Drag: Aerodynamically Aerodynamically

shaped cars are shaped cars are less "draggy," so less "draggy," so they go faster.they go faster.

Aerodynamically Aerodynamically "clean" cars are "clean" cars are more difficult to more difficult to build. build.

COCO22 Cars: 4 Engineering Cars: 4 Engineering PrinciplesPrinciples

Friction:Friction: A friction filled car A friction filled car

is easy to build. A is easy to build. A friction filled car is friction filled car is slow, so it tends to slow, so it tends to be more durable.be more durable.

Reducing friction Reducing friction takes a lot of extra takes a lot of extra effort, time and effort, time and patience. patience.

Design EnvelopeDesign Envelope Cars that follow a Cars that follow a

design envelope design envelope can compete can compete equally and safely.equally and safely.

Cars may go faster Cars may go faster if a design envelope if a design envelope is not followed, but is not followed, but will be disqualified. will be disqualified.

Design Envelope Design Envelope SpecificationsSpecifications

COCO22 Car Types: Normal Cars Car Types: Normal Cars

Normal cars are built to race.Normal cars are built to race. Normal cars may use characteristics of other car Normal cars may use characteristics of other car

styles.styles. Although the wheels are usually external, Normal Cars Although the wheels are usually external, Normal Cars

sometimes have internal front wheels. sometimes have internal front wheels.

COCO22 Car Types: Normal Cars Car Types: Normal Cars

Pros:Pros: Totally reflects the skills, abilities and creativity Totally reflects the skills, abilities and creativity

of the designer/builder.of the designer/builder. Always gets to race, and often does well at the Always gets to race, and often does well at the

school level.school level. Can be built by the average student with Can be built by the average student with

average ability and normal tools.average ability and normal tools. Doesn't require any special parts or materials.Doesn't require any special parts or materials.

Cons:Cons: May or may not be competitive on a national May or may not be competitive on a national

level.level.

COCO22 Car Types: Rail Cars Car Types: Rail Cars A narrow "rail" that connects the front axle to the A narrow "rail" that connects the front axle to the

back of the car.back of the car. Typically use external wheels Typically use external wheels The body of the car is usually lower to the ground The body of the car is usually lower to the ground

in the front and middle and then rises up abruptly in the front and middle and then rises up abruptly to hold the Co2 cartridge. to hold the Co2 cartridge.

COCO22 Car Types: Rail Cars Car Types: Rail Cars

Pros:Pros: Easiest to build and design.Easiest to build and design. Thin rails reduce mass of the car, increasing Thin rails reduce mass of the car, increasing

speed.speed. Can be built with normal wood working tools by Can be built with normal wood working tools by

most normal students.most normal students. Cons:Cons:

The thinner the rail, the greater chance of The thinner the rail, the greater chance of structural failure (breaking).structural failure (breaking).

Exterior wheels are bad for aerodynamics.Exterior wheels are bad for aerodynamics. Body shape tends to encourage drag and Body shape tends to encourage drag and

hamper good aerodynamics.hamper good aerodynamics.

COCO22 Car Types: Shell Cars Car Types: Shell Cars

Internal wheels.Internal wheels. Clean aerodynamic “bullet” shape.Clean aerodynamic “bullet” shape. Hollow underside forming a thin “shell” Hollow underside forming a thin “shell”

body. body.

COCO22 Car Types: Shell Cars Car Types: Shell Cars

Pros:Pros: Very low drag aerodynamic shape.Very low drag aerodynamic shape. Hollow underside reduces weight.Hollow underside reduces weight. Usually capable of high speeds by design.Usually capable of high speeds by design. A great extension activity for gifted middle A great extension activity for gifted middle

school students or pre-engineering students.school students or pre-engineering students. A perfect place for math and science activities A perfect place for math and science activities

on aerodynamics through wind tunnel use.on aerodynamics through wind tunnel use. The highest use of technology when designed The highest use of technology when designed

on CAD and created with a CNC.on CAD and created with a CNC.

COCO22 Car Types: Shell Cars Car Types: Shell Cars

Cons:Cons: Requires special wheels, axles and attachment Requires special wheels, axles and attachment

clips - all non-stock parts that will add cost and clips - all non-stock parts that will add cost and friction.friction.

More difficult to build, especially by hand; may More difficult to build, especially by hand; may be beyond the skill level of younger students.be beyond the skill level of younger students.

Can be unstable, flips over easily.Can be unstable, flips over easily. Shell cars tend to all look similar reducing Shell cars tend to all look similar reducing

individual creative expression.individual creative expression. Wheels and axles can cause friction very easily.Wheels and axles can cause friction very easily.

COCO22 Car Types: Transportation Car Types: Transportation Modeling Cars Modeling Cars

Transportation modeling cars are Transportation modeling cars are recognizable as actual vehicles that one recognizable as actual vehicles that one would see in real life. would see in real life.

COCO22 Car Types: Transportation Car Types: Transportation Modeling CarsModeling Cars

Pros:Pros: A cool challenge to the design and build skills A cool challenge to the design and build skills

of their creators.of their creators. Cons:Cons:

TM cars, by design, often don't race.TM cars, by design, often don't race. When raced, due to their size and shape they When raced, due to their size and shape they

may not achieve top speeds.may not achieve top speeds. Requires a high degree of modeling skill.Requires a high degree of modeling skill. Requires a higher skill level to build than other Requires a higher skill level to build than other

cars.cars. Often uses special chrome parts, such as rims, Often uses special chrome parts, such as rims,

that are an added expense.that are an added expense.

COCO22 Car Types: Show Cars Car Types: Show Cars

Stunning design.Stunning design. High degree of creativity in the design.High degree of creativity in the design. Usually very intricate and delicate in their Usually very intricate and delicate in their

construction.construction. Very showy paint jobs with glass like finishes. Very showy paint jobs with glass like finishes.

COCO22 Car Types: Show Cars Car Types: Show Cars

Pros:Pros: Just plain cool to look at.Just plain cool to look at. An excellent way to develop visualization, An excellent way to develop visualization,

design, and manufacturing skills.design, and manufacturing skills. Cons:Cons:

Normally not made for racing.Normally not made for racing. Showy designs often flaunt structural Showy designs often flaunt structural

weaknesses making them fragile.weaknesses making them fragile. Often uses special chrome parts, such as rims, Often uses special chrome parts, such as rims,

that are an added expense.that are an added expense. Usually requires special tools such as a rotary Usually requires special tools such as a rotary

sanding tool to create intricate details.sanding tool to create intricate details.

Manufacturing and Manufacturing and Automotive CareersAutomotive Careers

Mechanical EngineerMechanical Engineer Electrical EngineerElectrical Engineer Automotive EngineerAutomotive Engineer Auto DesignerAuto Designer Auto MechanicAuto Mechanic Auto Body and PaintAuto Body and Paint Race Car Driver / Pit CrewRace Car Driver / Pit Crew

CO2 Cars: QuizCO2 Cars: Quiz

GradingGradingOverall Car, 25 Points Total:

The engineering principle of Mass has been considered The engineering principle of Friction has been considered The engineering principle of Drag has been considered Design involves advanced ideas, construction, or detail Design is thoughtful, not haphazard or block-like

Body, 25 Points Total:

Body meets design envelope Body is free of structurally weak areas Body shape is free of flaws

GradingGrading

Finish, 25 Points Total:

Preparation for painting was done properly, smooth sanding Paint and finish is smooth and defect free Special details (multi-color, decals, special effects) are

included

Craftsmanship and Quality, 25 Points Total:

Finished project maintains original design Attention to detail is evident Project was completed in a timely manner

Try to Beat This!!!!!Try to Beat This!!!!!