FINAL PROJECT

DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF BIRD REPELLENT

BASED ARDUINO UNO

SUBMITTED BY:

(Osvaldo Rios Manurung)

NIM : 1705114013

COMPUTER ENGINEERING STUDY PROGRAM

DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER AND INFORMATICS

ENGINEERING

POLITEKNIK NEGERI MEDAN

MEDAN

2020

OFFERING PAGE

I dedicate this work to my parents:

All of my struggles to date have been dedicated to the two most precious people in

my life. Life becomes so easy and smooth when we have parents who understand

us better than ourselves. Thank you for being the perfect parent.

i

PREFACE

Praise and gratitude is the presence of Jesus Christ over the

blessings and love can be completed final project with the title “Design And

Implementation Of Bird Repellent Based Arduino Uno”

The purpose of writing this Final Project is to qualify to earn the title of Ahli

Madya Programmed Study Computer Engineering and Informatics Department of

Computer Engineering, Politeknik Negeri Medan. Writing this Final Project is

still far from perfection, therefore the expected criticism and suggestions that

build for the sake of perfection this Final Project

Finalizing final project this is inseparable from the assistance of many parties, so

that on this occasion with respect thanks to parties who provide assistance either

directly or indirectly in the preparation of this final project so that it can be solved,

especially to who I respect:

1. Mr. Abdul Rahman, S.,E.,Ak.,M.Si. as a Director of Politeknik Negeri

Medan.

2. Mr. Ferry Fachrizal, S.T., M.Kom. as a Head of Department Computer

Engineering and Informatics of Politeknik Negeri Medan.

3. Mr. Zakaria Sembiring, S.T., M.Sc. as a Head of Department Computer

Engineering and Informatics of Politeknik Negeri Medan.

4. Mr. Rahmat Widia Sembiring M.Sc.IT., Ph.D. as a Supervisor who has

directed and guided so that the author can complete this report as expected.

5. Mr. Dr.Benny B. Nasution, Dipl.Ing.,M.Eng, as Lecturer CE-6C which

always gives motivation and enlightenment during the final project

writing.

6. To my parents, Mr. Mangasi Manurung and Mrs. Osda Saragi S.Pd.K who

endlessly provided support, affection, prayer, patience, and moral and

material support during this final assignment.

7. To Martin Franklin Aritonang as my partner for finishing this final project.

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8. Friends at CE-6C, thank you for being my friend and supporting me in

completing the Final Project.

Hopefully this Final Project report can be useful for fellow students and the wider

community. Last, the writer would like to say thank you.

Medan, 09 September 2020

Osvaldo Rios Manurung

NIM.1705114013

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page

PREFACE ................................................................................................................... i

TABLE OF CONTENTS ........................................................................................... iii

LIST OF TABLES ..................................................................................................... vi

LIST OF FIGURES .................................................................................................. vii

LIST OF ATTACHMENT ...................................................................................... viii

ABSTRACT ............................................................................................................... ix

CHAPTER I ............................................................................................................... 1

INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................................... 1

1.1 Background of Problem ...................................................................................... 1

1.2 Formulation of the Problem ................................................................................ 2

1.3 Scope of the Problem .......................................................................................... 3

1.4 Purpose of Final Project ...................................................................................... 3

1.5 Benefit of Research ............................................................................................. 3

1.6 Systematic Report ............................................................................................... 4

CHAPTER II .............................................................................................................. 5

LITERATURE REVIEW ........................................................................................... 5

2.1 Understanding Drones......................................................................................... 5

2.1.1 Types of Drones .......................................................................................... 6

2.1.2 Drone Motion System ................................................................................. 7

2.2 Understand Bird Pests ......................................................................................... 7

2.3 Arduino ............................................................................................................... 8

2.3.1 History of Arduino ...................................................................................... 8

2.3.2 Arduino Uno ............................................................................................... 9

2.3.3 Specification Arduino Uno ......................................................................... 9

2.4 Resistor ............................................................................................................. 10

2.4.1 Resistor Types ........................................................................................... 11

2.5 Buzzer ............................................................................................................... 11

2.6 Gyroscope MPU-6050 ...................................................................................... 13

2.7 Brushless DC Motor.......................................................................................... 15

2.8 Electronic Speed Control ( ESC ) ..................................................................... 16

iv

2.9 Battery Li Po ( Lithium Polymer ) .................................................................... 17

2.10 Frame (Chassis) ................................................................................................ 18

2.11 Radio Controller (RC), Transmitter and Receiver ............................................ 18

2.12 Relevant research .............................................................................................. 19

CHAPTER III .......................................................................................................... 21

METHOD ................................................................................................................. 21

3.1 System Analysis ................................................................................................ 21

3.2 Identification System ........................................................................................ 21

3.3 System Specifications ....................................................................................... 21

3.4 System Block Diagram ..................................................................................... 21

3.5 System Analysis Needs ..................................................................................... 22

3.6 Hardware System Design .................................................................................. 24

3.6.1 Arduino Uno Microcontroller Circuit ....................................................... 24

3.6.2 Arduino Uno to MPU-6050 Circuit .......................................................... 25

3.6.3 Arduino to Receiver Circuits .................................................................... 25

3.6.4 Arduino Uno to ESC Circuits ................................................................... 26

3.6.5 Motor to ESC to Arduino Circuits ............................................................ 27

3.6.6 Buzzer Circuits .......................................................................................... 28

3.6.7 Overall Hardware Circuits ........................................................................ 29

CHAPTER IV ........................................................................................................... 30

RESULT AND DISCUSSION .................................................................................. 30

4.1 Result of Hardware Design in the System ........................................................ 30

4.1.1 Overall Hardware Design .......................................................................... 30

4.1.2 Remote Control ( Transmitter ) ................................................................. 31

4.1.3 Receiver .................................................................................................... 31

4.1.4 Buzzer ....................................................................................................... 32

4.2 Discussion of Tools ........................................................................................... 33

4.3 How The System Works ................................................................................... 33

4.4 How To Use Tools ............................................................................................ 33

a. Discussion of Tools ............................................................................................... 33

b. System Evaluation ................................................................................................ 34

CHAPTER V ............................................................................................................ 36

CLOSING ................................................................................................................. 36

v

5.1 Conclusion ........................................................................................................ 36

5.2 Suggestion ......................................................................................................... 36

vi

LIST OF TABLES

Table 2. 1 MPU-6050 Pin Configuration .......................................................................... 13

Table 2. 2 Characteristics of a Brushless DC Motor ......................................................... 15

Table 2. 3 Relevant research ............................................................................................. 19

Table 3. 1 Components Hardware ..................................................................................... 23

Table 3. 2 Auxiliary Equipment Components .................................................................. 23

Table 3. 3 Software ........................................................................................................... 24

Table 3. 4 Use of Arduino Uno Pins to MPU-6050 .......................................................... 25

Table 3. 5 Using the Arduino Uno Pin to Receiver .......................................................... 26

Table 3. 6 Using the Arduino Uno Pin to ESC ................................................................. 27

Table 3. 7 Using Pins Motor to ESC to Arduino .............................................................. 28

Table 4. 1 Receiver Measurements ................................................................................... 34

Table 4. 2 Buzzer Measurements ...................................................................................... 34

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LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 2. 1 Drone Quadcopter ........................................................................................... 5

Figure 2. 2 Fixed Wing Drone ............................................................................................ 6

Figure 2. 3 Multicopter Drone ............................................................................................ 6

Figure 2. 4 Bird Pests ......................................................................................................... 7

Figure 2. 5 Arduino Uno ..................................................................................................... 9

Figure 2. 6 Resistor ........................................................................................................... 10

Figure 2. 7 Buzzer ............................................................................................................. 12

Figure 2. 8 Sensor MPU-6050 .......................................................................................... 14

Figure 2. 9 Brushless DC Motor ....................................................................................... 15

Figure 2. 10 Schematic DC Motor Brushless ................................................................... 16

Figure 2. 11 Electronic Speed Controller ......................................................................... 17

Figure 2. 12 Battery Lithium Polymer .............................................................................. 18

Figure 2. 13 F450 Frame Drone ...................................................................................... 18

Figure 2. 14 RC Transmitter ............................................................................................. 19

Figure 3. 1 System Block Diagram ................................................................................... 22

Figure 3. 2 Arduino Uno Circuits ..................................................................................... 24

Figure 3. 3 Arduino Uno to MPU-6050 Circuit ............................................................... 25

Figure 3. 4 Arduino to Receiver Circuits .......................................................................... 26

Figure 3. 5 Arduino to ESC Circuits................................................................................. 27

Figure 3. 6 Motor to ESC to Arduino Circuits ................................................................. 28

Figure 3. 7 Buzzer Circuits ............................................................................................... 29

Figure 3. 8 Overall Hardware Circuits ............................................................................ 29

Figure 4. 1 Tool View ....................................................................................................... 30

Figure 4. 2 Tool Display When Turned On ...................................................................... 31

Figure 4. 3 Remote Control ( Transmitter ) ON ............................................................... 31

Figure 4. 4 Receiver View ................................................................................................. 32

Figure 4. 5 Buzzer View .................................................................................................... 32

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LIST OF ATTACHMENT

Attachment 1 Letter of willingness the supervisor ........................................................... 40

Attachment 2 Letter of application for submission of the title of the final project ........... 41

Attachment 3 Final project title approval letter ................................................................ 42

Attachment 4 Approval sheet ............................................................................................ 43

Attachment 5 Final assignment guidance card ................................................................. 44

Attachment 6 Examiner revision free chairman form ....................................................... 45

Attachment 7 Examiner revision free member form ......................................................... 46

Attachment 8 Listing Program .......................................................................................... 47

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ABSTRACT

Science and technology in the field of robotics is currently developing very

rapidly. One of the most developed types of robots at this time is a flying robot or

what is commonly called a drone. At this time, drones are still controlled

manually by humans using a remote control. Based on this, there is a desire to

contribute to the development of quadcopter technology, namely by designing a

drone from Arduino Uno to help farmers to increase their rice productivity by

designing drones to repel bird pests in their rice fields. The drone can later carry

the sound produced by the buzzer to disturb and repel the birds that eat the

farmer's rice. Farmers only need to control and direct the birds to leave their rice

fields.Based on the tests conducted by the author, this tool can work well.

However, the weakness in this tool is that the battery of the tool is not good

enough to use for a long time, so farmers have to charge the drone battery more

often.

Keyword : Drone, Arduino Uno, Buzzer

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CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background of Problem

Food security in Indonesia is more focused on basic needs that are

affordable by the community, including rice as a basic necessity for the

community. (Amang & Sawit, 2001) state that rice has a strategic role in

strengthening food security, food security, and national political stability. Rice

imports are currently the biggest polemic for agriculture and are always

increasing every year. In 2017, rice imports reached 198,560 tons, increasing

to 2.01 million tons (BPS, 2018). This shows that Indonesia is still

experiencing a food crisis that is not comparable to Indonesia's predicate as an

agricultural country.

Rice plants are the main source of carbohydrates for the population in

Indonesia. This plant is a strategic commodity in the Indonesian economy so

that a shortage of supply at a reasonable price threatens economic and political

stability (Baharsyah, 1998). Rice production is also the last line of defense in

the Indonesian economy (Amang & Sawit, 2001). Rice plants that can be

harvested in about 110 days allow farmers to plant 2 to 3 times a year.

Indonesian Government data measuring rice production in 2016 was 80

million tons. This target is increasing compared to 2015 which was only able

to produce 74.99 million tons (BPS, 2018). The target is assumed to have no

El Nino effect or crop pests. The variety of shelves that appear in the rice

cultivation process can cause intermittent food security. In the last 10 years,

rice production in Indonesia has increased and in 2045 the Ministry of

Agriculture, which is in charge of Indonesia, will become a world food barn,

to maintain the stability of rice production in the next few years in supporting

Indonesia to become the world. Food storage is needed to anticipate problems

that arise from an early age. in the rice cultivation process. One of them is the

difficulty in controlling rice-eating birds.

Bird pests are one of the main enemies of farmers which can reduce crop

production. Increasing bird populations lead to decreased yields. According to

(Salsabila, 1991), bird pests can be obtained an average of 5 g a day. Attacks

by flocks of birds have troubled many farmers.

Bird pests attack in the form of eating grains on rice panicles that have

entered the maturity period of milk or rice with a planting period of 70 days.

Due to bird attacks, rice production has decreased by 30-50%. Attacks occur

during shady weather and flocking birds attack (Ziyadah, 2011). The impact of

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this attack resulted in rice drying up and even empty seeds. This caused great

anxiety and losses for the farmers.

There are various ways to prevent bird pests from attacking rice plants,

namely by making scarecrows or ropes tied with used cans every certain

distance so that the rope is shaken can give a sound that is expected to scare

off bird pests. If this method doesn't work, it's not uncommon for farmers to

go straight into the rice fields to get rid of birds that land on rice plants. Surely

this method is very tiring and troublesome to do alone on a large rice field.

When the rice plant has turned yellow, usually the farmers will take care of it

first during the critical hours, namely, 6-10 am and 2 - 6 pm is the time the

birds are looking for food. In fact, because of the vast land area, some farmers

employ people to look after the fields. This can be seen from an economic

perspective, this method is less effective and efficient because farmers have to

pay additional costs to pay their wages (Syahminan, 2017). Because of this

anxiety, farmers often use alternative methods with chemicals to repel pests.

Excessive use of chemicals to eradicate or repel pests can cause harm to

plants so that they experience bad conditions when consumed.

Therefore, I am interested in making a drone tool that will help farmers deal

with bird pests in the fields. Drones used in agricultural areas are equipped

with an audio bird repellent that makes a high pitched sound to repel birds.

Flying the drone for an hour every morning and evening has been effective in

keeping the ground relatively free of bird disturbance. In this study, the

research topic that the writer adopted was “Design and Implementation of

Bird Repellent Based Arduino Uno”.

1.2 Formulation of the Problem

Based on the problems in the background, the problem identification is

arranged as follows:

1. How to protect rice plants from bird pests in rice fields?

2. How does this tool repel bird pests in rice fields?

3. What is the success rate of this tool to repel pests of birds in rice fields?

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1.3 Scope of the Problem

So that the research discussed is not too broad, the authors provide

limitations. The limitations in this study are:

1. Bird repellers use drone-mounted bells. Where, the bell will sound to

repel and threaten the birds around the rice plant. The bell will not

damage rice plants and is safe when the tool is used;

2. This tool is designed to anticipate the presence of bird pests that will eat

rice grains and harm farmers;

3. The microcontroller of this tool is Arduino UNO R3 which functions as

the main controller for electronic components;

4. Arduino UNO is the smallest Arduino board, using the Atmega 328

microcontroller. This board has 5 analog pins and 14 digital pins;

5. The drone will be controlled via a remote control which will give a signal

to the drone to move the drone;

6. Jumper cable serves as a connector for several breadboards.

1.4 Purpose of Final Project

The purpose and usefulness to be achieved by the author are:

1. Designing a bird pest repellent for rice fields using the Arduino Uno;

2. Knowing the application of bird pest repellents in rice fields using

Arduino Uno;

3. Making user time effective in caring for rice plants;

4. Prevent damage and loss to crops due to pests.

1.5 Benefit of Research

With problems and objectives set, the expected benefits are:

1. Bagi Students:

a. This final project is a means of applying learning during lectures;

b. Adding scientific discourse and as material for further research for

students;

c. Generating interest in observing, studying, and developing these tools

and systems.

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2. For Politeknik Negeri Medan:

a. As a tangible form of technological developments related to

microcontrollers.

b. As a development tool for the next to make it more perfect and

developed.

c. As a form of positive participation in the development of appropriate

science and technology.

3. For the Community:

a. For the community, especially farmers, bird pest eradication based on

the Arduino Uno microcontroller can be directly applied in rice fields.

b. This tool is made to make it easier for farmers and the wider

community to protect their rice plants from bird pests.

c. This tool helps farmers and communities to maintain and increase their

rice productivity.

1.6 Systematic Report

The report of systematic in writing this final report is:

1. CHAPTER I (INTRODUCTION)

The section contents the Background of Problems, formulation of the

Problem, scope of the Problem, purpose of Final Project, Benefit of

research, Systematic Report in writing this final Report.

2. CHAPTER II (Literature Review)

This section contains literature review, the theoretical basis for writing the

Final Project Report.

3. CHAPTER III (Method)

This section contains a description of the design flow, along with a flow

chart.

4. CHAPTER IV (Result and Discussion)

This section contains the results that have been obtained from the final

project.

5. CHAPTER V (Closing)

This section contains Conclusions and Suggestions.