design and analysis of hybrid stepper motor

8/9/2019 Design and Analysis of Hybrid Stepper Motor

1/16

DESIGN AND ANALYSISDESIGN AND ANALYSIS

OFOF

HYBRID STEPPER MOTORHYBRID STEPPER MOTOR


2/16

CONTENTSCONTENTS

Introduction of stepper motorIntroduction of stepper motor Different types of stepper motorsDifferent types of stepper motors Block diagram of stepper motorBlock diagram of stepper motor Different types of step windingsDifferent types of step windings Different types of step modesDifferent types of step modes Design considerations of hybridDesign considerations of hybrid

stepper motorstepper motor Applications of hybrid stepper motorApplications of hybrid stepper motor


3/16

Introduction of stepper motorIntroduction of stepper motor

Stepper motor is an electro magneticStepper motor is an electro magnetic

incremental actuator which convertsincremental actuator which converts

digital pulse input to analog outputdigital pulse input to analog output

shaft motion.shaft motion.


4/16

TYPES OF STEPPER MOTORSTYPES OF STEPPER MOTORS

There are 3 basic types of stepperThere are 3 basic types of stepper

motors:motors:

Variable reluctance stepper motorVariable reluctance stepper motor

Simple permanent magnet stepperSimple permanent magnet stepper

motormotor

Hybrid stepper motorHybrid stepper motor


5/16

Variable reluctance stepperVariable reluctance stepper

motormotor The permanent magnet motor, also referred to as aThe permanent magnet motor, also referred to as a

"canstack" motor, has, as the name implies, a permanent"canstack" motor, has, as the name implies, a permanent

magnet rotor. It is a relatively low speed, low torque devicemagnet rotor. It is a relatively low speed, low torque device

with large step angles of either 45 or 90 degrees.with large step angles of either 45 or 90 degrees.


6/16

Simple permanent magnet stepperSimple permanent magnet stepper

motormotor

They differ in terms of construction based on theThey differ in terms of construction based on the

use of permanent magnets and/or iron rotorsuse of permanent magnets and/or iron rotors

with laminated steel stators.with laminated steel stators.


7/16

Hybrid stepper motorHybrid stepper motor


8/16

Block diagram of stepper motorBlock diagram of stepper motor


9/16

The IndexerThe Indexer (or Controller) is a microprocessor(or Controller) is a microprocessorcapable of generating step pulses and directioncapable of generating step pulses and directionsignals for the driver..signals for the driver..

The DriverThe Driver (or Amplifier) converts the indexer(or Amplifier) converts the indexercommand signals into the power necessary tocommand signals into the power necessary toenergize the motor windings.energize the motor windings.

The Step MotorThe Step Motor is an electromagnetic deviceis an electromagnetic devicethat converts digital pulses into mechanical shaftthat converts digital pulses into mechanical shaft

rotation.rotation.

Advantages of step motorsAdvantages of step motors are low cost, highare low cost, highreliability, high torque at low speeds and areliability, high torque at low speeds and asimple, rugged construction that operates insimple, rugged construction that operates inalmost any environment.almost any environment.

The main disadvantagesThe main disadvantages

in using a step motorin using a step motor

is the resonance effect often exhibited at lowis the resonance effect often exhibited at lowspeeds and decreasing torque with increasingspeeds and decreasing torque with increasingspeed.speed.


10/16

Different types of windingsDifferent types of windings

Unifilar WindingUnifilar Winding

Unifilar, as the name implies, has only on winding per stator pole. Stepper motors with a unifilarUnifilar, as the name implies, has only on winding per stator pole. Stepper motors with a unifilar

winding will have 4 lead wires. The following wiring diagram illustrates a typical unifilar motor:winding will have 4 lead wires. The following wiring diagram illustrates a typical unifilar motor:


11/16

Bifilar windingBifilar winding Bifilar wound motors means that there are twoBifilar wound motors means that there are two

identical sets of windings on each stator pole.identical sets of windings on each stator pole.


12/16

Different types of step modesDifferent types of step modes

Stepper motor "step modes" include Full, Half andStepper motor "step modes" include Full, Half and

Micro step. The type of step mode output of anyMicro step. The type of step mode output of any

motor is dependent on the design of the driver.motor is dependent on the design of the driver.

Full stepFull stepStandard (hybrid) stepping motors have 200Standard (hybrid) stepping motors have 200

rotor teeth, or 200 full steps per revolution of therotor teeth, or 200 full steps per revolution of the

motor shaft.motor shaft.


13/16

Half stepHalf step Half step simply means that the motor isHalf step simply means that the motor is

rotating at 400 steps per revolution.rotating at 400 steps per revolution.Micro stepMicro step

Micro stepping is a relatively new stepperMicro stepping is a relatively new stepper

motor technology that controls the currentmotor technology that controls the currentin the motor winding to a degree thatin the motor winding to a degree that

further subdivides the number of positionsfurther subdivides the number of positions

between poles. AMS micro step drives arebetween poles. AMS micro step drives are

capable of rotating at 1/256 of a step (percapable of rotating at 1/256 of a step (perstep), or over 50,000 steps per revolutionstep), or over 50,000 steps per revolution..


14/16

Design considerations of hybridDesign considerations of hybrid

stepper motorstepper motor Hybrid motors combine the bestHybrid motors combine the best

characteristics of the variable reluctancecharacteristics of the variable reluctanceand permanent magnet motors.and permanent magnet motors.

They are constructed with multi-toothedThey are constructed with multi-toothedstator poles and a permanent magnetstator poles and a permanent magnetrotor.rotor.

Standard hybrid motors have 200 rotorStandard hybrid motors have 200 rotor

teeth and rotate at 1.80 step angles.teeth and rotate at 1.80 step angles. Other hybrid motors are available inOther hybrid motors are available in

0.9and 3.6 step angle configurations.0.9and 3.6 step angle configurations.


15/16

Applications of hybrid stepperApplications of hybrid stepper

motormotor Hybrid stepper motor are used in space,Hybrid stepper motor are used in space,

military and industrial applications.military and industrial applications.

Because they exhibit high static andBecause they exhibit high static and

dynamic torque and run at very high stepdynamic torque and run at very high steprates, hybrid motors are used in a widerates, hybrid motors are used in a wide

variety of industrial applications.variety of industrial applications.


16/16

design and analysis of hybrid stepper motor

Documents