descriptive study to assess the knowledge of mothers

The Genesis ISSN 2395-2164 Volume: 7 Issue: 4 October – December - 2020

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DESCRIPTIVE STUDY TO ASSESS THE KNOWLEDGE OF MOTHERS REGARDING HOME ACCIDENTS AMONG UNDER FIVE CHILDREN

*Mrs. Kirandeep Kaur I **Dr. Taranpreet Kaur *Assistant Professor, Sigma College of Nursing, Ludhiana, Punjab, India.

**Professor & Principal, Baba Banda Bahadur College of Nursing, Faridkot, Punjab, India.

DOI: http://doi.org/10.47211/tg.2020.v07i04.013 ABSTRACT A descriptive study to assess the knowledge of mothers regarding home accidents among under five children at Dhilwan Kalan, Faridkot, Punjab. The objectives of study are-To assess the level of knowledge of mothers regarding home accidents and to find out the association of level of knowledge of mothers regarding home accidents with socio demographic variables. The study was carried out in selected community in which a sample of 50 mothers of under five children was selected by used convenient sampling technique with non-experimental research approach and quantitative embedded qualitative research design was used for this study. The findings of the study revealed that the socio demographic variables such as education of mothers and type of house were statistically significant at 0.05% level of significance. The minimum score of knowledge of mother was 5 and maximum score of knowledge of mother was 19. Mean score of subject was 12.98 and standard deviation was 3.061 and results related to qualitative analysis interpreted in the forms of themes. Most of the mothers shared their views regarding care of their children from home accidents. Few mothers shared their views regarding protection of child from intentional and unintentional injuries. The study concluded that the mothers of under five children having average knowledge regarding home accidents among under five children. Key Words: Home accidents, under 5 children, mothers of under five children ABOUT AUTHORS:

Author, Mrs. Kirandeep Kaur is Assistant Professor of Sigma College of Nursing, Ludhiana, Punjab, India.

Author, Dr. Taranpreet Kaur is Professor & Principal, Baba Banda Bahadur College of Nursing, Faridkot, Punjab, India.


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INTRODUCTION “Children are the wealth of tomorrow take care of them”

Susan garofole Home accidents are unexpected, unplanned, occurrence of an event which usually produced unintended injury, danger, especially the public health of safety

1. According to WHO, Accidents are the leading cause of death and

disabilities for the children over the age of 1 in many industrialized countries. The frequency of unintentional non-fatal home related injuries was 20.6%. Injury rate were highest among children during the 3rd year of life those whose mothers are young, those of uneducated parents and those with low socioeconomic status. Burns were most common injured all the groups (38%) followed by falls (35.5%). Handicapped are more strongly associated with burns and falls (6.6 and 4.1%). As per WHO, the burden and pattern of child injuries are just now being studied in low-middle income countries, where the age distribution of the population compound the problem posed by child injuries. In 2005, 23%of the world population of children less than 5year of age (1014million children) child in Africa while only 10% lived in high income countries

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According to WHO report of 2008,the leading cause of childhood injuries and deaths is road accidents which kill 2,60,000,drowning 1,75,000,burn 9,6000,fall 47000 occurs a year globally and injured around where 10 million about 50,000 aged 0-14year specially <5 year die every as a result of unintentional poisoning

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Falls: It is likely that young children will fall over and get knocks and bruises while learning to walk but serious can be avoided. Incidence of fall globally was 47000 a year.65%falls accident occur in India. Burns: within 2weeks of child’s accident of 511 children under 5 year of age, 100children (57boys/43girls) had 120 accidents. Burns were most common injured all the groups 38%. Drowning: The children under 5year are also prone to drowned in bath tubs, sinks, swimming pool and river etc. globally the drowning incidence were 1,75,000 and 16%. Poisoning: Incidence of poisoning occurs 20% globally. It usually occurs eat some harmful substance which are not good for the health e.g. chemicals, some poisoning insects etc

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NEED OF THE STUDY Most serious accidents that affect young children at home are caused by falls from height, burns and scars from fire and hot objects, chocking, poisoning from swallowing. For babies the biggest danger is rolling off the edge of table, bed and sofas. Most of the accidents occurred between 9 AM to 9 PM. Accident take an excessive toll of children in the form of death, disability and suffering. It is true that the accident risk per hour for a child is much greater than for an adult and depends on the developmental stages of the child and his surrounding environment. A descriptive study assess the level of knowledge regarding first aid management of domestic accidents among mothers of under 5 children and safety practice at home in rural village Chennai and the study population consist of 100mothers of child between 1 to 5 year age were taken for the study. Data was collected by convenience sampling technique and collected with structured interview and observation technique. Findings of the study revealed that 56%of mothers had inadequate knowledge regarding first aid management of domestic accidents. The study findings concluded that the knowledge of mothers regarding first aid management is adequate. The nurses working in the community and pediatric ward should educate the mothers regarding measures to prevent domestic accidents and there first aid management. STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM “A descriptive study to assess the knowledge of mothers regarding home accidents among under five children at Dhilwan kalan, Faridkot,Punjab” . OBJECTIVES

1. To assess the level of knowledge of mothers regarding home accidents. 2. To find out the association of level of knowledge of mothers regarding home accidents with socio-

demographic variables. METHODOLOGY Research approach: Non-experimental research approach Research design: quantitative embedded qualitative research design Research setting: village Dhilwan Kalan, Faridkot Target Population: mothers of under 5 children Accessible Population mothers of under 5 children at Dhilwan Kalan


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Sample size and sampling technique: 50 mothers were selected by using convenient sampling technique DEVELOPMENT OF TOOL:- Part-I:- Socio Demographic Data :- Age of mother, education, number of children, occupation of mother, age of children, gender of children, type of injury, type of house, type of family. Part-II:- Knowledge questionnaire:-Structured knowledge questionnaire scale to assess the knowledge of mothers of under five children. Scale consisted of 20 items. Each item carry one mark. Maximum score is 20 and minimum score is 0 and the respondents had to response on a multiple choice question. The knowledge score refers to the total scores obtained on knowledge items in the structured questionnaire by the mothers. DESCRIPTION OF OPEN ENDED QUESTION: Three open ended questionnaire was framed and expert opinion was taken. Open ended questionnaire was framed to assess the knowledge of mothers of under five children regarding home accidents. The respondents were asked to give free, frank and detailed response to the questions. STEPS OF DATA COLLECTION:- Permission:-prior to data collection a formal written permission was obtained from the Sarpanch of village Dhilwan kalan for conducting study. Procedure:-the mothers are explained about nature and purpose of study. *Knowledge assessment questionnaire was administered to the mothers to assess the knowledge regarding home accidents. *Average time for completion of questionnaire was 10-15 minutes. PLAN FOR STATISTICAL ANALYSIS:-The data obtained was analyzed on the basis of the objectives of the study using descriptive and inferential statistics. Such as Mean, percentage, standard deviation, Chi-square, bar, pie, etc. were used to depict the findings of the study. RESULTS: Section 1: Frequency and percentage distribution of socio demographic characteristics of subjects. N-50

Serial number

Variables Frequency(n) Percentage(%)

1 Age

18-22

22-26

26-30

30-34

3 17 14 16

6% 34% 28% 32%

2 Marital status

Married

Separated

Widow

48 2 0

96% 4% 0%

3 Educational status

Illiterate

Primary

Secondary

Graduate/Above

2 12 23 13

4% 24% 46% 26%

4 Number of children

1-2

3-4

4 and above

43 5 2

86% 10% 4%


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5 Occupation status of mother

Homemaker

Self employed

Private employ

Government employ

33 6 3 8

66% 12% 6% 16%

6 Child age in years

0-1

1-2

3-4

4 and above

7 17 22 4

14% 34% 44% 8%

7 Gender of child

Male

Female

33 17

66% 34%

8 Type of injury, previous

Burn

Falling

Drowning

Nil

4 25 3 18

8% 50% 6% 36%

9 Type of house

Kachha

Pakka

Cemented

Full of furnishing

2 26 11 11

4% 52% 22% 22%

10 Type of family

Nuclear

Joint

Single parent

36 11 3

72% 22% 6%

Table 1 describes the socio demographic profile of the respondents . Total 50 subjects were taken for study. As per age most of mothers (34%) were come under in the age group of 22-26 years (n=17), As per marital status (96%) of mothers were married (n=48), 4% mothers were separated (n=2).As per number of children (86%) of children were in the category of 1-2 (n=43), 10% children were in the category of 3-4 (n=5), As per type of most of mothers (52%) living in pakka house (n=26), 22% mothers lived in cemented house (n=11) and 22% mothers lived in house with full of furnishing (n=11), 4% mothers lived in kachha house. As per type of family most of mothers (72%) were belong to nuclear family (n=36), 22% mothers belong to joint family (n=11) and 6% were single parent (n=3). Section 2: To assess the level of knowledge of mothers regarding home accidents among under five children. Table 2: Frequency and percentage distribution of sample as per their level of knowledge. N=50

Level of knowledge Score range Frequency(n) Percentage(%)

Poor <10 10 20%

Average 11-15 30 60%

Good >15 10 20%

The data presenting in table 2 depicts the score range level of mothers on knowledge regarding home accidents. Majority (60%) mothers (n=30) were having average knowledge, 20% mothers (n=10) were having good knowledge, and as per same 20% of mothers (n=10) were having poor knowledge regarding home accidents.


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Pie chart showing percentage distribution as per mothers levels of knowledge

Section 3: To find out the association of level of knowledge of mothers regarding home accidents among under five children with socio demographic variables. Table 3: Chi square showing level of knowledge of mothers regarding home accidents among under five children with socio demographic variables. N-50 Data given in table 5 revealed that the computed chi square values of socio demographic variables with the level of

60% 20%

20% Average

Good

Poor

Demographic variable

Knowledge category Total Chi square

Df P value

Average Good Poor

Age of mother 2 10 1 3 1.581NS

6 0.954

10 3 4 17

9 3 2 14

9 4 3 16

Marital status 29 10 9 48 1.389NS

2 0.499

1 0 1 2

Education 2 0 0 2 15.923*

6 0.014

5 1 6 12

17 3 3 23

6 5 1 13

No. of children 27 10 6 43 8.349NS

6 0.214

2 0 3 5

1 0 1 2

Occupation 21 6 6 33 5.404NS

6 0.493

3 1 2 6

1 2 0 3

5 1 2 8

Child age 5 1 1 7 2.443NS

6 0.875

9 3 5 17

13 5 4 22

3 1 0 4

Child gender 19 8 7 34 .789NS

4 0.940

10 3 3 16

Type of injury 2 2 0 4 8.593NS

6 0.198

16 2 7 25

2 0 1 3

10 6 2 18

Type of house 1 0 1 2 12.494*

6 0.052

14 4 8 26

10 1 0 11

5 5 1 11

Type of family 19 8 9 36 3.822NS

6 0.431

8 2 1 11

3 0 0 3


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knowledge of mothers regarding home accidents among under five children. The computed chi square values of two socio demographic variables such as education (p=0.014), type of house (p=0.052) were statistically significant at 0.05% level of significance. It donates the association of level of knowledge of mothers with socio demographic variables. SECTION-4 QUALITATIVE DATA ANALYSIS The following themes were identified after analysis of the qualitative data:

S.NO. THEMES

1. Safety against scalds

2. Protection against slant down

3. Safety measures against inhalation /aspiration of foreign body

SAFETY AGAINST SCALDS Half of the mothers expressed that the baby should not leave alone in a kitchen and gas cylinder should keep at high place. Some mothers said that the baby should keep far from hot things. Two mothers quoted, “The baby should keep away from electricity system and construct switch boards on high level”. Some of the mothers revealed that the baby should keep away from fire and do not leave the child alone. PROTECTION AGAINST SLANT DOWN Few mothers expressed that not to leave the child alone and the parents/guardian should be with the child. Some of the mothers said that to protect their child from defeat, non-slippery tiles should use. Three mothers quoted, “Obstacles should be removed from the ground to protect the child from fall “. Some of the mothers stated that mothers should take care of their child. Two mothers disclosed that the baby should keep away from sharp instruments. For instance knife, scissors, blades etc. SAFETY MEASURES AGAINST INHALATION/ASPIRATION OF FOREIGN BODY Some of the mothers expressed that the baby should keep away from poisonous things and do not leave the child alone and always be with the child for his or her safety at home or outside. Some of the mothers intended to consult with doctor immediately to tackle the situation. Few mothers conveyed that salty water should give to child in case of ingestion of poison. Some mothers stated that the dangerous things should keep away from child. CONCLUSION On the basis of the findings of the study the following conclusion can be drawn. The focus of study was on quantitative embedded qualitative research design and non-experimental research approach was used in the study. The data was collected from 50 subjects through structured knowledge questionnaire and open ended questions. The study concluded that the mothers of under five children having average knowledge regarding home accidents. RECOMMENDATIONS

Similar study needs to be undertaken with the large number of sample for better generalization.

A similar study can be conducted by seeking other variables.

A similar study can be conducted in different settings.

A study can be done to assess parent’s knowledge regarding home accidents.


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cell.1998. 8. Sharma AK etal.Pattern of childhood trauma. Indian perspective Indian pediatrics 1993. 30:57-60. 9. Amirat Aliel, Sabelyismal Yassin and Salwa Ahmad Zahel knowledge regarding home accidents prevention

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descriptive study to assess the knowledge of mothers

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