description of the experiment - jurisich-koszeg.sulinet.hu · fasten the mikola-tube with the clamp...

1. Studying the motion of the bubble in the so-called Mikola-tube. Prove the

formulas related to the uniform straight line motion.

Tools: Mikola-tube; stand (can be tilted); clamp; stopwatch; measuring tape.

Description of the experiment:

Fasten the Mikola-tube with the clamp to the stand at an incline of 20°. Observe

the motion of the bubble in the tube. with the aid of the stopwatch and the

measuring tape measure the distance covered by the bubble during a given time

interval (e.g. 3 s). Repeat the experiment twice and record the results each time.

Then measure the time required to cover a given distance (e.g. 40 cm). repeat also

this measurement twice; record your results. Then increase the incline to 45°, and

carry out either the first or the second experiment three times.

2. Using two carts with spring-attachments and loads – which can be fastened to the

carts – study the phenomenon of elastic collision.

Tools: Two identical little carts with spring-attachments; loads which can be

fastened to the carts; cart track


Place the two carts on the horizontal track so that their spring bumpers face

towards each other. Put identical loads on the carts and push one of them to

collide with the other, stationary cart. Observe the motion of the two carts after

the collision. Repeat the experiment so that you switch the carts. After that,

change the loads placed on the carts so, that one of them will be much heavier.

Do the experiment so, that the lighter cart is pushed towards the stationary heavy

cart. Repeat the experiment so that you push the heavier cart towards the lighter

one.

3. Measure the mass of the rod with the aid of the small body (we know its mass) and a

measuring tape.

Tools: Rod, body with given mass, measuring tape, support.


Measure the mass of the rod with the aid of the small body (we know its mass) and a

measuring tape. Support the rod at a point (not at its center). Place the given mass on

the rod so that it will be at equilibrium. Measure the proper distances, and calculate

the mass of the rod. Do more measurements and calculate the average.

4. Using bodies with different masses determine how the period of a body vibrating

at the end of a spring depends on the mass of the body.

Tools: Bunsen-stand fixed spring; five bodies with given mass; stopwatch; graph

paper


Place a body at the end of the spring hanging from the Bunsen stand. Stretch the

spring carefully than release it to vibrate the body. Be careful: during the motion

the body mustn’t hit the desk or completely untightened. Measure the time of ten

complete vibrations and calculate the period. Record your result, and repeat the

measurement with the other bodies, too. Record the results in a chart and plot the

period vs. mass on the graph paper. Describe their relationship qualitatively.

5. With the aid of a cart rolling down the ramp study hoe different forms of

mechanical energy are converted to each other.

Tools: Dynamometer, cart, load, runway, circular elastic steel stripe, measuring

tape.


At the end of a runway including a small angle (5°-20°) with the horizontal a

circular elastic steel stripe is fastened. Release the cart from different heights and

observe how the spring is compressed. From what height should we release the cart

to compress the spring completely? Double and triple the mass with the loads and

find again the heights from which the cart should be released to compress the

spring completely.

6. Using the tools on hand prepare a Cartesian diver. With the aid of it demonstrate

swimming, floating and sinking in water. Explain how the equipment works.

Tools: A large (1.5 –2.5 liter) plastic bottle cap; glass test tube with 0,5 cm scale

on the side.


If we squeeze the bottle, the diver will sink. Observe how the water level changes

in the test tube when squeezing the bottle. Record the amount of air in the test

tube when it is swimming and sinking respectively.

7. A metal sphere hanging on a chain just fits through the metal ring (Gravesande-

ring). Heat the ball with Bunsen burner and find out if it still fits through the ring.

What happens if also the ring is heated? Find the ratio of the diameters of the ring

and ball while cooling down.

Tools: Gravesande-ring, gas burner, cold water


Test if the sphere fits through the ring at room temperature. Heat the ball and

observe it fits through the ring. Heat the ring, too and carry out the experiment

this way. Cool the ring as much as possible and place the sphere on the ring and

let it cool down.

8. Using the tools on hand prove Boyle’s law with your measurements.

Tools: narrow glass tube closed in one end with mercury drop closing some air,

measuring tape.


Measure the length of the air column closed by the mercury drop in three

different cases (horizontal, vertical up side open, vertical up side closed).

Measure the length of the mercury drop, too. With the aid of your measurements

find the relationship of the pressure and volume of the gas enclosed.

9. Study how solids and liquids turn to gas state.

Tools: Alcohol burner; test tube; test tube holder; wet paper tissue; crystal-like

material, which sublimates easily (iodine); syringe; warm water.


a) Place some iodine crystal into the test tube, and stop the opening of the

test tube with wet paper tissue. Hold the test tube with the holder, and

carefully heat it with alcohol burner. Observe the processes: what happens

around the iodine crystals and around the wet paper tissue.

b) Suck warm water with the syringe to fill its four fifth part. Turn it upright

and carefully push out the air above the water. Stop the opening of the

syringe with your thumb and quickly pull out the piston of the syringe.

Observe what happens to the water in the syringe. Describe your

experience.

10. With the aid of different materials study static electric charges and electrostatic

induction.

Tools: Two electroscopes, plastic rod, to rub them fir or textile, glass rod and to

rub it skin or dry newspaper.


a) Rub the plastic rod with fir or textile and approach it to the cup (plate) of

the electroscope, but don’t touch it. What do you experience? What do we

experience if the rod is removed? Repeat the experiment with glass rod

rubbed with dry newspaper. Describe your experience.

b) Repeat the experiment so that you also touch the cup of one of the

electroscope with the plastic rod rubbed with fir. What happens to the

plates of the electroscope? Rub the glass rod with dry paper and touch it

to the cup of the other electroscope. What happens to the plates of the

electroscope? Join the cups of the two electroscopes with a conductor.

What happens?

11. Join the conductor to power source and examine the structure of the magnetic

field around the straight conductor with the aid of a compass.

Tools: Power source, conductor, compass.


Following one of the possible arrangements below a straight conductor, joint to

the power source, must be stretched near the compass. First the direction of the

conductor should be North-South, then East-West. Observe in both cases how the

compass behaves. Carry out the experiment with reversed current, too.

12. Using a coil with air core and magnet bars study the electromagnetic induction.

Tools: Demonstration Voltmeter, coil with air core (about 600 windings), 2

magnet bars, conductors;


Join the coil to the voltmeter. Put a magnet bar into the coil. Leave it there for a

while, then remove it with about the same speed as you have plugged it in.

Observe what the voltmeter shows. Repeat the experiment with reversed magnet

bar.

Repeat the experiment so that you move the magnet slower or faster.

Take now two magnet bars, fasten them together, and repeat the experiment so

that you move the two magnet bars together.

Repeat the experiment with another coil with more/less windings.

Summarize your experiences.

13. Produce a Galvan cell with the aid of lemon, iron nail, copper wire. Examine

the operation of the battery in case of joining them in series and joining to a

consumer. Measure the current and potential difference in the circuit.

Tools: Iron nail; copper wire; alligator clips, wires, sensitive ampere and volt

meter, two lemons.


Prepare the lemon battery according to the diagram. Measure the potential

difference using one and two lemons joint in series. Measure the current through

the meter. Use your battery to operate an equipment, such as LED light.

14. With the tools on hand find the refractive index of the block. With the aid of this,

demonstrate the refraction of light, too

Tools: Plexiglass or glass block; pins, protractor, paper, ruler.


Place the plexiglass on the paper

on the polyurethane and draw it

around. After this, on one of the

longer side of the block push a pin

vertically in, then push in another

one at about 5 cm so, that the line

joining the two pins include an

angle of 45 degrees with that edge

of the block. After this, push two

more pins on the other side of the

block so, that looking through the

block the pins seem to join on the

same straight line.

Remove the plexiglass block and

draw also the lines joining the

pins. (These lines give the path of

the light.)

Draw at the given points the

normal and measure the angles if

incidence and angle of refraction.

With the aid of these,

calculate the refractive

index of the block.

15. Measure the focal length of the given lens made of glass, and determine its

diopter, too.

Tools: glass lens with unknown focal length, a screen, candle, measuring tape,

optical rail,


Place the candle on the optical rail, and light it. Place the screen on the optical rail

place the lens between the candle and the screen. Move the lens until you get the

sharp image of the flame on the screen. Measure the object distance and image

distance and with the aid of the lens equation calculate the focal length and

diopter of the lens.

16. Place the given materials in flame and observe what happens. Explain what you

experience.

Tools: PB camping gas container, gas burner, matches, salts of different metals

(like Na, Ca), little spoon or wire.


Light the gas burner carefully. Using the spoon or wire place the given material

into the flame and keep it there until it starts to glow (at about 1000-1400°C).

What happens to the flame? Repeat the experiment with all of the materials you

were given. Record your observations.

17. Present the stability of nuclei with analyzing the diagram illustrating the binding energy

per nucleon.

Tools: The diagram attached

Description of the task:

With the aid of the graph below analyze how does the bi9nding energy per nucleus

depends on the mass number. Explain how this affects the possible nuclear reactions.

Name the nuclear reactions symbolized by the arrows a), b) and c). Where in the nature

or in the life of the technics can we meet these processes.

18. Solve the following task:

Tools: Figure attached


Using the figure below name the major parts of the nuclear reactor, and tell what their

roles are. Talk also about method by which we can regulate the chain reaction.

1

2

3

4

5 6

Steam generator:

Generator:

Primary circuit

Turbine:

Secondary circuit:

Reactor:

19. With the aid of the period of the mathematical pendulum calculate the

acceleration due to gravity.

Tools: Mathematical pendulum: small body at the end of a string of 30-40

cm, stopwatch, meter stripe, stander.


Fasten the mathematical pendulum to the stander, then measure the length and

record it. With small extension start to swing the pendulum. Make sure that the

greatest extension should be less than 20o. Taking the time of 10 swinging find the

period. Repeat the measurement at least five times. Change the length of the

pendulum, and repeat the measurement five times.

20. With the program attached present and explain Kepler’s laws.

http://astro.unl.edu/naap/pos/animations/kepler.swf

Tools: Computer; Animation of Kepler’s laws.


Choose data for the paths of the planets and present the motion of a planet moving on a

circular path and elliptical orbitals with smaller and bigger eccentricity. Using the

animation find out which planet of our solar system moves on the most elongated and

less elongated path.

With the aid of the program illustrate that the two chosen planets sweep equal areas

during equal time.

With the aid of the program compare qualitatively the periods and the lengths of the

semi major axes of the planets. Show the relationship of the two quantities.

http://astro.unl.edu/naap/pos/animations/kepler.swf

description of the experiment - jurisich-koszeg.sulinet.hu · fasten the mikola-tube with the clamp...

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