desalination… a co 2 opportunity

Desalination… a CO2 opportunity ?a CO2 opportunity ?

Herve Faujour

Technical and Performance Director – Middle East

Veolia Environnement

Dubai – December 2013

AgendaVeolia : leader for environment services

• Group Overview

• Focus on R&D and technologies

• Key references in the ME

Desalination – opportunity for CO2 footprint• CF principle and methodology

• Optimizations in CF for mechanical desalination• Optimizations in CF for mechanical desalination

• Optimizations in CF for thermal desalination

Desalination – opportunity for CO2 consumption• Why CO2 is needed in desalination process

• Optimization in injection efficiency

• Synergies in thermal desalination

A global leader able to cover the entire rangeof environmental solutions

The reference in environmental solutions

€29.6 billion revenues

77 countries

229,468 employees

The global benchmarkfor water services

€12.6 billion

The global benchmark for energy optimization

€7.3 billion

The global benchmarkfor waste managementand resource recovery

€9.7 billion

4

WATER

WASTE MANAGEMENT

ENERGY SERVICES

€2.3 billion

Key figures

We had 100 million customers for drinking watersupply and 71 million for wastewater services

We treated almost 54 million metric tons of waste

We provided the energy needed for more than We provided the energy needed for more than

130,000 industrial, municipal and household installations

Innovation, efficiency, customer focus and social responsibility are our strengths and the cornerstone

of our success.

5

Adelaide,

Australia

Kompetenz Zentrum

Berlin, Germany

Environmental Anjou Recherche

� Veolia Water has a network of R&D centres supporting our technology

development

Research & Development

Environmental

Analysis Center

Saint-Maurice,

France

Anjou Recherche

Maison-Laffite,

France

CREED

Limay, France

6

Gulf Desalination Platform

Fujeirah - UAE

Veolia and environmental performance

www.youtube.com/watch?v=JuAdZLGvhPM

www.youtube.com/watch?v=8d9K5HWheJQ

Lebanon

JJordanordan KuwaitKuwait

SyriaSyria

Iran

Iraq

Jordan

Kuwait

Syria

Veolia Environment : iconic references in the Middle East

Palm STP

20,400m3/d

Marafiq Thermal desal

800,000m3/d MED

EgyptEgypt

UAEUAE

Egypt Saudi Arabia

Qatar UAE

Oman

YemenYemen

Sudan

BahrainLibya

Burj lake

62,400m3/d

Oman Sur SWRO

80,000m3/d

Fujeirah 2 Hybrid

136,000m3/d SWRO

450,000m3/d MED

Selected reference of OTV

• Client: Qatar Shell GTL Limited

• Type of contract: Design & Build

• Contract Amount: €378m

• Year of contract: 2006

• Capacity: 22, 575 t/day per phase

• Technology: Activated sludge treatment,

Reverse Osmosis, Brine crystallization

PEARL C8

Industrial Effluent Treatment and Recycling Plant

UAE

Reverse Osmosis, Brine crystallization

• Location: Ras Laffan, Qatar


• Group Overview









CO2 emission is the consequence of the increase consumption of fossil energy (gas, petrol, coal…)

• It is not endless, we need to change our habits

CO2 emission is one of the main reason for climatic disorder• It is not too late to correct it, but the later we wait the more difficult

it will be

Importance Importance of COof CO22 footprintfootprint

We need to put ourselves on a tight CO2 budget• Target is to cut CO2 by 2 in 2050, which means that the carbon

footprint per activity must be cut by 6 to take into account population growth and increase of GDP per capita.

Required steps when budget is tight : • First start monitoring by analysing the emission sources : CO2

footprint calculation

• Then take actions, focussing on major emission factors

TOTAL CARBON COST ANALYSIS :

Standard XLS spreadsheet for WT plant :

COCO22 footprintfootprint -- methodologymethodology

� i is the perimeter

Construction & operation for the product lifetime

� Ai is the activity data

Eg: kW.h of natural gas, tons of steel, tons.km of freight, etc…

� EFi is the emission factor

Eg: 2.77 tons of CO2-e / tons of steel

PerimeterPerimeter of of CarbonCarbon FootprintFootprint

End of lifeConstruction/

Manufacturing

Incoming materials,

goods and services- Main in flow (tons)

- Main in value (EUR)

Use/ Operating

Chemicals- Main in flow (tons)

- Freight if significant

Waste- Consumables

- CH4

- N2O

Chemicals

Main in flow (tons)

- Main in tons (concrete…)


Freight- Upstream

- Downstream

- Air transport (t.km)

- Road transport (t.km)

Travel- Air travel

Consumables and parts- Main in flow (tons)


- Freight if significant

Energy-Natural gas (kW.h)

- Fuel (kW.h)

- Others (kW.h)

Useful life = x years

Use hypothesis = y%

Service- Travel

Energy

Natural gas (kW.h)

Fuel (kW.h)

Others (kW.h)

When I say CO2 footprint, what do people think of first…

Source: HSBC – Climate Confidence Monitor 2010

Financial risk?

Source: HSBC – Climate Confidence Monitor 2010

Financial risk?

CO2 + € = €O2 ?

Illustrative

Energy price scenario

$0

$50

$100

$150

2010 2015 2020 2025 2030

$ /

Ba

rre

l

$0

$50

$100

$150

2010 2015 2020 2025 2030

Energy service CO2 tax

Split between energy and CO2

$ /

Ba

rre

l

16

Burn 1 oil barrel = 454,16 kg CO2eq

�+ 1$ per barrel means

+$1/0,454 per tonne CO2

� + $2,2 per tonne CO2

Indirect Carbon cost scenario

$0

$50

$100

$150

$200

2010 2015 2020 2025 2030

$ /

To

nn

e C

O2e

Energy service CO2 tax

Portfolio of references of Veolia Portfolio of references of Veolia A very wide range of emissions !A very wide range of emissions !

Mara

fiq (M

ED)

Fuja

irah (M

ED +

RO

)

Sydney (RO

)

Om

an s

ur (R

O)

MSM

Evry

mem

bra

nes

Rosny b

iosty

r

Sald

osa

Evry

activate

d s

ludge

Rosny a

ctivate

d s

ludge

Coal (C

OA)

Wood C

hem

icaly

Activate

d (W

CA)

Tem

bec

Retrofit pla

nt - AnoxKald

nes

Retrofit pla

nt - Conventional activate

d

Coconut shell

(CSA)

Reactivate

d C

OA

Marn

e &

Morin

New p

lant - Conventional activate

d

New p

lant - AnoxKald

nes

Mondi (E

GSB)

Tere

os (UASB)

LED - E

vale

d R

V

Reactivate

d C

SA

BP C

hem

bel (U

ASB)

Conventional pla

nt

Org

anic

a p

lant

LED - E

vale

d A

C

Spendru

ps (EG

SB)

Gertsheim

Aquafa

b - R

apid

Strata

LED - E

vale

d P

C

Balla

st wate

r treatm

ent

Aquafa

b - O

rion

Larg

e D

iskfilter

PM

T

Aquafa

b - M

egaRP

Sm

all

Dis

kfilter

Waste

wate

r treatm

ent

Mediu

m D

rum

filter

Oil/

Wate

r separa

tion

Aquafa

b - M

iniR

O

Elg

ala

b - M

edic

a P

ro

Elg

ala

b - P

ure

Lab

SDI - Aquadem

Cumulated emissions for one year on logarithmic scale

Top 4 of Veolia emission sources : desalination (thermal or by reverse osmosis), by a factor of at least 10 compared to other plants.

� Large opportunities for CO2 footprint in desalination plants

Mara

fiq (M

ED)

Fuja

irah (M

ED +

RO

)

Sydney (RO

)

Om

an s

ur (R

O)

MSM

Evry

mem

bra

nes

Rosny b

iosty

r

Sald

osa

Evry

activate

d s

ludge

Rosny a

ctivate

d s

ludge

Coal (C

OA)

Wood C

hem

icaly

Activate

d (W

CA)

Tem

bec

Retrofit pla

nt - AnoxKald

nes

Retrofit pla

nt - Conventional activate

d

Coconut shell

(CSA)

Reactivate

d C

OA

Marn

e &

Morin

New p

lant - Conventional activate

d

New p

lant - AnoxKald

nes

Mondi (E

GSB)

Tere

os (UASB)

LED - E

vale

d R

V

Reactivate

d C

SA

BP C

hem

bel (U

ASB)

Conventional pla

nt

Org

anic

a p

lant

LED - E

vale

d A

C

Spendru

ps (EG

SB)

Gertsheim

Aquafa

b - R

apid

Strata

LED - E

vale

d P

C

Balla

st wate

r treatm

ent

Aquafa

b - O

rion

Larg

e D

iskfilter

PM

T

Aquafa

b - M

egaRP

Sm

all

Dis

kfilter

Waste

wate

r treatm

ent

Mediu

m D

rum

filter

Oil/

Wate

r separa

tion

Aquafa

b - M

iniR

O

Elg

ala

b - M

edic

a P

ro

Elg

ala

b - P

ure

Lab

SDI - Aquadem

Energy recovery

Sur Dweer

More than half of the feed water end up in brine,

with most of the pressure left, so it can be

recovered to reduce the energy consumption

Pelton Wheel less energy efficient but more

simple in terms of operation

F2 Pelton Wheel

Sur Dweer

Overview of OPEX breakdown

Variable OPEX of SWRO

Oman Sur is higher in kWh due to more strict water quality

If it was the same water quality, it would be almost 10% less in energy thanks to energy recovery more efficient (Dweer).

Total kWh Total chemicals Av variable cost (reagent and elec)

FUJAIRAH

OMAN SUR

Thermal desalination : MED vs MSF ProcessAdvantages of MED :

* lower temp and pressure

* more safety,

* more energy efficient (1.5kWh/m3 vs. 4.5kWh/m3)

* lower energy steam can be used (60deg vs. >120degC)used (60deg vs. >120degC)

MED / RO Hybrid Plants

Purpose: decrease overall fuel consumption of the Power Plant / Desalination Plant:

• Priority for thermal desalination by recovery of the available exhaust steam (MED-TVC)

• Balance of water production by RO or MED-MVC

Concrete Example: Combined thermal and membrane technology of Fujairah-2 Project signed in 2007:

• 100 MIGD MED-TVC + 30 MIGD RO

Water demand100%

50%

100%

50%

RO

Water produced with

RO

• 100 MIGD MED-TVC + 30 MIGD RO 50% 50%

winter wintersummer

Water produced with

Steam from

Power Generation

MED-TVC

Veolia is the only company able to provide in-house large capacity hybrid plants

based on MED & RO technologies

Conclusion on opportunities in CF for desalination

SWRO :

Energy recovery has allowed to reduce by a factor 2 the energy requirement of SWRO over the past decades

Within technologies of energy recoveries, another 10% can be optimised

kWh being the major component of Carbon Footprint of SWRO, opportunities associated with such savings are large

Thermal desalination :

MED requires lower temperature steam, that can no longer be valorized in the power plant compared with high pressure steam of MSF

In addition to the energy in steam, electricity is needed, but up to 3 times less for MED

MED has significant advantage towards MSF in terms of OPEX and therefore of Carbon Footprint, it is less exposed to inflation

Hybrid :

Combination of both technologies allows to adjust production of water and electricity independently, to avoid producing extra electricity for the sole purpose of producing enough vapor.


• Group Overview









Desalination requires remineralisation

Desalinated water is not potable, and it is very aggressive

Hardness and alkalinity must be added in the distillate or the filtrate to make it neutral and non aggressive

Hardness (Ca2+)is added in the form of lime or limestone

Alkalinity (HCO3-) is added in the form of CO2 and in limestone

dissolution3 2

dissolution

� There is always injection of CO2 downstream a desalination plant, so desalination plant is an opportunity for CO2 consumption

CO2 injection – importance of kinetics

The effective dose will depend on :

-- Purity of the reagent used

-- Efficiency of transfer from the gas to the liquid phase

-- Contact time and dissolution kinetics with limestone

-- Release of undissolved CO2 through the processCO2 Number of filters (1 to 4)% ByPass NaOH

Limestone Filters

Difficult to predict all mechanisms, and to find the optimum, site model was put in place in Oman Sur, leading to 47% reduction of CO2 dosage

Synergies in thermal desalination

Recovery of CO2 from combustion of the thermal plant :

CCU : Carbon Capture and Usage consists in collecting CO2 from large production plant such as power plant, treating it to use it for other application

Thermal desalination has on the same location fossil oil combustion for the power production, and need for CO2 for remineralization, CCU allows to reduce the CO2 emissions of the power plant and of the water plant

Conclusion

Veolia : leader for environment services• Involved in all sorts of industrial projects, like GLT

project with Shell in Qatar or large municipal projects of desalination.

Desalination – opportunity for CO2 footprint• Desalination requires very large amount of energy.

Carbon footprint is a way to measure the level of Carbon footprint is a way to measure the level of exposure of a plant towards inflation, optimization done by Veolia to minimize financial risk.

Desalination – opportunity for CO2 consumption• CO2 injection is part of potable water production in

the Middle-East. It can be optimised thanks to water chemistry expertise, furthermore for thermal desalination, power plant off-gas can be used as source of CO2 after specific treatment

desalination… a co 2 opportunity

Documents