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Des Plaines Fire
Department Hazardous Materials Operations Refresher
Program
Overview: Standards
• In our organization, we are trained to:
• NFPA 472 – Standard for Competence of Responders to
Hazardous Material/Weapons of Mass Destruction Incidents
• OSHA HAZWOPER (Hazardous Waste Operations and Emergency Response) standard 29 CFR 1910.120
• All DPFD personnel are trained to meet the minimum standard of the Hazmat Operations role. This role allows us to implement/support actions to protect nearby persons, the environment, or property from the effects of release of a hazardous material
Overview: Core Tasks
• Analyze the scene of a hazardous materials/WMD incident to determine the scope of the emergency
• Survey the scene to identify containers and materials involved
• Collect information from available reference sources
• Predict the likely behavior of a hazardous material
• Estimate the potential harm the substances might cause
• Plan a response to the release, including selection of the correct level of personal protective clothing
• Perform decontamination
• Preserve evidence
• Evaluate the status and effectiveness of the response
Primary Responsibilities
• Estimating the Potential Harm
• Identify a resource for determining the size of an
endangered area of a hazardous materials incident
• Using readily available reference sources, identify initial
containment and isolation zones for products identified
Primary Responsibilities
• Identification of Possible Hazard Sources
• For a given response identify what actions would be taken for a product release/leak
• Response route based on weather conditions
• Staging locations
• Product location
• Water supply options
• Possible evacuation distances
• Notification procedures for Technician Level response
Primary Responsibilities
• Predict the behavior of a material & its container
• Determine the potential consequences of container failure
and methods of determining product behavior
• Identify hazards associated with the container in a variety of
situations
• Use MSDS for product and identify basic chemical properties
DPFD Hazmat SOPs
• H:\Fire\Common\Policy\Emergency SOP's\Emergency SOP's\Hazmat\New SOPs per RRJ\HAZ-MAT Running Orders E.doc
• Communication #: 06-08-33 Effective Date: 08-29-06
• HAZARDOUS MATERIAL ALARM: An emergency involving the uncontrolled release of a hazardous substance that poses an unreasonable risk to health and safety of individuals and property.
• H:\Fire\Common\Policy\Emergency SOP's\Emergency SOP's\Hazmat
Hazmat Incident
Response Levels
• DPFD Level I: Incident that can be controlled by first
responders. No evacuation necessary beyond initial site.
Small area that poses no immediate threats to life,
property, or environment. May be handled by a single
engine company (ex. Auto leaking fuel)
Hazmat Incident
Response Levels
• DPFD Level II – Incident has greater hazard/area
involved than Level I. May pose danger to life, property,
and environment. This incident may require limited
evacuation/protective area of surrounding sites. If formal
response required, 12 technicians and MABAS would be
called. (ex. Minor accidental chemical spill at industrial
location)
Hazmat Incident
Response Levels
• DPFD Level III – Incident that poses severe danger to
life, property, and environment. May involve large scale
protective actions, etc. Incident will require MABAS
assistance as well as state/federal support(ex. Large scale
train derailment with numerous tanker cars on fire)
Routes of Exposure
• Inhalation
• Absorption
• Ingestion
• Penetration/Direct Contact
• Injection
• Radiation
Hazardous Material Health
Effects
• The acronym TRACEMP defines potential health effects:
• Thermal
• Radiological
• Asphyxiation
• Corrosive
• Etiological (bacterial infection/disease)
• Mechanical
• Psychological
Hazmat Exposure Limits
• Threshold Limit Value (TLV) – Exposure concentration
in PPM which begins to affect a person in any way
• Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL) – OSHA’s legal limit for exposure to a chemical substance
• Time Weighted Average (TLV/TWA) – Average exposure
limit over 8hr day and 40 hr work week
Hazmat Exposure Limits
• Ceiling (TLV/C) – Maximum concentration that should not be exceeded at any time
• Short Term Exposure Limit (TLV/STEL) – 15 min exposure limit concentration
• Cannot be repeated more than 4x per 24 hr period
• Should have at least 1 hr between exposure periods
• The lower the TLV/STEL, the more toxic the substance
• Immediately Dangerous to Life & Health (IDLH) – Immediate
• The concentration which poses an immediate threat to life or could cause irreversible or delayed health effects
• 3 types: Toxic, flammable, oxygen deficient
Commercial Occupancies
Containing Hazardous Materials
• Fuel storage facilities
• Gas/service stations and convenience stores
• Paint supply stores
• Plant nurseries, garden centers, and agricultural facilities
• Pest control and lawn care companies
• Medical facilities
• Photo processing laboratories
• Dry cleaners
• Plastic and high-technology factories
Site Management
• ALWAYS approach uphill and upwind if possible
• Look for possible clues to the incident upon approach
• Establish initial isolation perimeters/distances as soon as
possible (ERG)
• Establish cold, warm, and hot zones
Site Management: Public
• Shelter-in-place: Have areas affected turn off all HVAC,
close windows, etc. Stay indoors listening via radio or TV
for instructions
• Evacuation: Have people in affected areas physically
move to a safe specific location. Remember factors such
as ability to disseminate info, time involved, population at
risk, routes of travel, etc. (If in hot zone, mass emergency
decontamination may be required)
Site Management: Public
• Emergency Decontamination Setup
• Establish in Cold Zone
• Attempt to control runoff (Tarp)
• Can be accomplished with a charged crosslay laid out in a
circle, placed tarp on top, use trash line as water supply
• H:\Fire\Common\EMS\CPR\Hazmat\Mass Casualty Decon
Diagram.pdf
Hazmat Identification Methods
• 7 primary clues to identify a hazardous material:
• Shipping papers/documents
• Container shapes/types
• Placards/labels
• Detection equipment
• Markings/colors
• Type of occupancy/location
• Senses
Hazmat Identification Methods
• Sources for names of hazardous materials at transportation incidents:
• On-site personnel
• Shipping papers
• Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)
• Emergency Response Guide (requires general identification of U.S. DOT placards)
Hazmat Identification Methods
Highway Transport
Shipping paper name:
Bill of lading
Location of shipping paper:
Vehicle cab
Responsible party:
Driver
Hazmat Identification Methods
Rail Transport
Shipping paper name:
Waybill/Consist
Location of shipping paper:
Engine or Caboose
Responsible party:
Conductor
Hazmat Identification Methods
Water Transport
Shipping paper name:
Dangerous Cargo Manifest
Location of shipping paper:
Bridge or Pilothouse
Responsible party:
Captain or Master
Hazmat Identification Methods
Air Transport
Shipping paper name:
Air Bill
Location of shipping paper:
Cockpit
Responsible party:
Pilot
Hazmat Identification Methods
Material Safety Data Sheet
(MSDS)
Contains information about:
-Manufacturer/Distributor
-Emergency contact
information
-Basic chemical properties
-Health and safety hazards
-Emergency response
-Waste disposal of a
material
Identifying An Unknown
Hazardous Material
Remember:
The ERG is your friend
Transportation Vehicles
• Rail Tank Cars: Dry bulk, mixed cargo, pressure, non-pressure
• Cargo Trailer Trucks:
• Non-pressure liquid tank (MC306)
• Low-pressure chemical tank (MC307)
• Corrosive liquid tank (MC312)
• High-pressure tank (MC331)
• Cryogenic liquid tank (MC338, MC306)
• Compressed gas/tube trailer (compressed gases H, O, He, CH4)
• Dry bulk cargo
Transportation Vehicles
• All rail tank cars and road trailer identification charts are
located in the 2008 ERG pgs. 18-19
Transportation Vehicles
MC306 Non-pressure Liquid Tank – Guide 131
Typically hauls flammable and combustible liquids
Transportation Vehicles
Dry Bulk Cargo Trailer – Guide 134
Dry goods e.g. powders, pellets, fertilizers, grain
Transportation Vehicles
Compressed Gas/Tube Trailer – Guide 117
Compressed gases e.g. hydrogen, oxygen, helium, methane
Transportation Vehicles
MC331 High Pressure Tank – Guide 117
Ammonia, Freon, butane
Transportation Vehicles
MC312 Corrosive Liquid Tank – Guide 137
Corrosives e.g. sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, sodium hydroxide
Transportation Vehicles
Pressure Tank Car Compressed Liquified Gases – Guide 117
Non-pressure Tank Car Liquids – Guide 131
Transportation Vehicles
Intermodal
Hazmat Identification Methods:
Non-bulk packages
• Non-bulk package: contains solids, liquids, or gases per
DOT definitions
• Liquids: capacity 119 gal or less
• Solids: net mass 882 lbs or less (or capacity of 119 gal or
less)
• Gases: water capacity of 1001 lbs or less
Hazmat Identification Methods:
Non-bulk packages
• Transportation container types for non-bulk materials
may include:
• Bottles, carboys, jerricans, cylinders, boxes, barrels, bags,
drums
Characteristics of DOT labels
• U.S. Department of Transportation marking system is an
identification system characterized by labels, placards
and markings
• Placards: diamond-shaped indicators placed on all four
sides of any form of transportation carrying hazmat
• Labels: smaller versions (4” diamond-shaped indicators) on
all four sides of individual boxes/smaller packages
• Markings: typically on rail cars
Manufacturers Labels and
Signal Words
• Must be used by chemical manufacturers and importers
• Must include one of four signal words if for consumer
use:
• CAUTION – Minor health effects
• WARNING – Moderate hazards
• DANGER – Highest degree of hazard
• POISON – Highly toxic (pesticides)
Manufacturers Labels and
Signal Words
• Must include specific information:
• Name and business address of the manufacturer, packer,
distributor or seller
• Name of each hazardous ingredient
• Statement of the principal hazard
• Precautionary statements
• Instructions for first-aid treatment
• Instructions for special handling or storage
• Statement “Keep out of the reach of children”
Manufacturers Labels and
Signal Words
DOT Hazard Classes
• Class 1 – Explosives
• Class 2 – Gases (flammable/non-flammable/toxic)
• Class 3 – Flammable and combustible liquids
• Class 4 – Flammable solids (spontaneous combustion and water reactive materials)
• Class 5 – Oxidizing substances/Organic peroxides
• Class 6 – Toxins/Infectious Substances
• Class 7 – Radioactive Materials
• Class 8 – Corrosive Substances
• Class 9 – Miscellaneous Hazmat
DOT Hazard Classes
• All classifications and associated divisions can be found
in the 2008 ERG page 14
DOT Marking System
The DOT Marking System for
first responders is located in
the 2008 ERG pgs. 16-17
Once a placard is identified,
use this marking system to
establish initial containment
and isolation zones
NFPA 704 Marking System
Each diamond labeled
with a number from 0-4,
0 being least hazardous
and 4 being most
hazardous (Seeing a 4 in
any field will easily kill
you)
NFPA 704 Marking System
Blue = 0
-no health hazard
Red = 3
-can be ignited under almost
ambient temp conditions
Yellow = 0
-Normally stable, even under
fire conditions, not reactive
with water
White = blank
-No special considerations
NFPA 704 Marking System
Blue = 0
-Exposure would cause irritation
with only minor residual injury
Red = 4
-Flash point below 73 F
Will readily ignite at atm pressure
Yellow = 0
-Normally stable, even under
fire conditions, not reactive
with water
White = blank
-No special considerations
Military Marking System
Hazard Key:
1. Mass Detonation
2. Explosion-with-
fragment
3. Mass Fire
4. Moderate Fire
A. B.
C. D.
ERG
Emergency Response Guide
- about 4000 chemicals
- not for long-term action plans
4 colored sections:
- Yellow: chemicals by UN/ID #
- Blue: chemicals listed alphabetically
- Orange: hazard class, fire/explosion
hazards, health hazards,
basic emergency actions
*If on fire, read here first
- Green: Initial isolation distances
Guide 111: Guide for mixed load/
unidentified cargo
ERG
ERG
ERG
*Small spill =
55 gal or less
*Large spill =
>55gal or multiple
small spills
*Toxic gases when
mixed with water
if you see:
“when spilled
in water”
ERG practice (13:00)
ERG practice
• ID 1972
• Mult. Poss.
• Cryogenic Liquid
• Guide 115
• Not highlighted in green
• Isolate 330 ft.
ERG practice (5 gal, 13:00)
ERG practice (5 gal, 13:00)
• Class 6
• Toxic/infectious substances
• Guide 153
• Isolate 150 ft. for liquids
• Isolate 75 ft. for solids
• Keep out of low areas
• Ventilate enclosed areas
ERG practice (100 gal,
10:00)
ERG practice (100 gal,
10:00)
• ID 1079
• Sulfur dioxide
• Highlighted in green
• Guide number 125
• If no fire go to iso.table 1st
• 1250 ft. in all directions
• 1.3 mi. downwind
ERG practice (9:00)
ERG practice (9:00)
• Class 9
• Miscellaneous hazmat
• Guide 171
• Not highlighted in green
• Isolate liquids 150 ft.
• Isolate solids 75 ft.
ERG practice (19:00)
ERG practice (19:00)
• UN ID 3082 – multiple poss.
• Class 9
• Miscellaneous hazmat
• Guide 171
• Not highlighted in green
• Isolate liquids 150 ft.
• Isolate solids 75 ft.
ERG practice (55gal,
20:00)
ERG practice (55gal,
20:00)
• ID 1017 - Chlorine
• Class 2 – Gases (toxic)
• Highlighted in green
• Guide number 124
• If no fire go to iso. table 1st
• 200 ft. in all directions
• 1.0 mi. downwind
• From guide 124
• Gases are heavier than air
• Keep out of low areas
ERG practice (55gal, 7:00)
ERG practice (55gal, 7:00)
• Class 7
• Radioactive
• Guide 163
• Not highlighted in green
• Isolation 75 feet
• Time
• Distance
• Shielding
ERG practice (55gal, 6:00)
ERG practice (55gal, 6:00)
• Methanol
• Guide 131 – flammable liq. toxic
• No green highlighting
• Isolation 150 ft.
• Keep out of low areas
• Ventilate before entering
• If this spilled completely
• How much foam would you need?
ERG practice (55gal, 6:00)
• 55 gal drum
• 1 gal = approx 25 sq. ft.
• 55 gal = approx 1375 sq. ft.
• Quantity of foam needed=
• Area*app.rate*conc%*15min
• 1375*0.1gpm/sq.ft.*.03*15 = 62 gal
• Quick estimate for 3% = area/20
• 1400/20 = 70 gal of 3% AFFF
ERG practice
QUESTIONS?
References
• Schnepp, Rob, Hazardous Materials Awareness and
Operations 1st Edition, Jones and Bartlett Publishers,
LLC. Copyright 2010
• Hildebrand, Noll, Yvorra, Hazardous Materials:
Managing the Incident 3rd Edition, Redhat Publishing
Company, Inc. Copyright 2005
• Copley, Terry, Hazardous Materials For First Responders
3rd Edition, Board of Regents, OSU. Copyright 2004
• 2008 Emergency Response Guidebook