DermaShield HydroGelDermaShield HydroGel is a water-washable, occlusive gel base formulated to concurrently deliver active pharmaceutical ingredients to burns, cuts, ulcers, and wounds while protecting the application site.

This formula contains ingredients that work as an emulsifier to help retain moisture in the skin. Certain properties in this formula can also enhance skin permeation of other compounds.

Benefits:• Improves skin hydration • Enhances topical delivery • Increases viscosity• Improves penetration on the skin

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www.encoresci.com801 W. New Orleans St.Broken Arrow, OK 74011

918.984.4614800.454.2304

Ph:Fax:info@encoresci.com

www.encoresci.com801 W. New Orleans St.Broken Arrow, OK 74011

918.984.4614800.454.2304

DermaShield HydroGel Ingredient List

Carbomer

Cetearyl Glucoside

Cetyl Alcohol

Cetearyl Alcohol

Ethylhexyl Palmitate

Lecithin (and) Isopropyl Palmitate (and) Sorbic Acid (and) Potassium Sorbate

Used as a thickening agent and to distribute compounds, carbomer is a synthetic polymer made from acrylic acid. It’s often used in personal care products and been shown to increase viscosity of formulations.1 It is also used as a gelling agent for formulations.2

As a combination of cetearyl alcohol and glucose, cetearyl glucoside is used as an emulsifier and helps retain moisture in the skin and can be used as a base in topical pharmaceutical preparations.5

Cetyl alcohol is a fatty alcohol produced as a byproduct from petroleum or derived from plants, palm oil. It is used as a thickening agent and emulsifier in personal care and topical pharmaceutical formulations to en-hance topical delivery.6,7

Cetearyl alcohol is a mixture of fatty acid alcohols, or combination of cetyl and stearyl alcohols, that come from vegetable or synthetic sources. It is often used as an emulsifier in combination with other compounds to stabilize the substance and support permeability and retention in the skin.3,4

As a derivative of palm oil, ethylhexyl palmitate is a skin smoothing ester used in personal care products to enhance skin hydration and improve barrier dysfunction.8,9

These compounds are used to enhance the topical delivery of various drug treatments.10

Mineral Oil

PEG-8

Mineral oil is a byproduct of petroleum distillation and is often used in personal care products as a light-weight moisturizer to enhance skin softness and retain moisture.11,12

Polyethylene glycol is a synthetic polymer of ethylene oxide and is used as a humectant and emulsion. It enhances microemulsions with a high percentage of oil and water phase.13,14

Ph:Fax:info@encoresci.com

www.encoresci.com801 W. New Orleans St.Broken Arrow, OK 74011

918.984.4614800.454.2304

DermaShield HydroGel Ingredient List cont’d

Phenoxyethanol (and) Methylparaben (and) Ethylparaben (and) Butylparaben (and) Propylparaben (and) Isobutylparaben

Polyethylene Glycol 3350 GR

Propylene Glycol

As a polyether compound, polyethylene glycol 3350 GR has viscosity and solubility properties to be used in personal care products.18

Used as a skin conditioning agent, propylene glycol is used to enhance skin permeation of compounds.19,20,21

These nanostructured lipid carriers have been shown to enhance the properties of various creams to im-prove skin hydration.15,16 Researchers found that hydration improved when these parabens were added to topical skin creams.17

2 Elnaggar YS, El-Refaie WM, El-Massik MA, Abdallah OY. Lecithin-based nanostructured gels for skin delivery: an update on state of art and recent applications. Journal of Controlled Release. 2014 Apr 28;180:10-24.

3 Loden M, Andersson AC, Andersson C, et al. Instrumental and dermatologist evaluation of the effect of glycerine and urea on dry skin in atopic dermatitis. Skin research and technology. 2001 Nov 1;7(4):209-13.

1 Cross SE, Roberts MS, Jiang R, Benson HA. Can increasing the viscosity of formulations be used to reduce the human skin pene-tration of the sunscreen oxybenzone? Journal of investigative dermatology. 2001 Jul 31;117(1):147-50.

4 Savic S, Vuleta G, Daniels R, Müller-Goymann CC. Colloidal microstructure of binary systems and model creams stabilized with an alkylpolyglucoside non-ionic emulsifier. Colloid and Polymer Science. 2005 Jan 1;283(4):439-51.

5 Savić S, Weber C, Savić MM, Müller-Goymann C. Natural surfactant-based topical vehicles for two model drugs: Influence of dif-ferent lipophilic excipients on in vitro/in vivo skin performance. International journal of pharmaceutics. 2009 Nov 3;381(2):220-30.

6 Mahdi ES, Noor AM, Sakeena MH, et al. Formulation and in vitro release evaluation of newly synthesized palm kernel oil es-ters-based nanoemulsion delivery system for 30% ethanolic dried extract derived from local Phyllanthus urinaria for skin antiaging. International journal of nanomedicine. 2011;6:2499.

7 Ribeiro HM, Morais JA, Eccleston GM. Structure and rheology of semisolid o/w creams containing cetyl alcohol/non‐ionic surfac-tant mixed emulsifier and different polymers. Intern J of Cosmetic Science. 2004 Apr 1;26(2):47-59.

8 Sirikudta W, Kulthanan K, Varothai S, Nuchkull P. Moisturizers for patients with atopic dermatitis: an overview. J Allergy Ther. 2013;4(4):1-6.

Ph:Fax:info@encoresci.com

www.encoresci.com801 W. New Orleans St.Broken Arrow, OK 74011

918.984.4614800.454.2304

DermaShield HydroGel Ingredient List cont’d

10 Pandey MS, Belgamwar VS, Surana SJ. Topical delivery of flurbiprofen from pluronic lecithin organogel. Indian journal of pharma-ceutical sciences. 2009 Jan;71(1):87.

9 Ribeiro RC, Barreto SM, Ostrosky EA, Rocha-Filho PA, Veríssimo LM, Ferrari M. Production and characterization of cosmetic na-noemulsions containing Opuntia ficus-indica (L.) mill extract as moisturizing agent. Molecules. 2015 Feb 2;20(2):2492-509.

11 Rawlings AV, Lombard KJ. A review on the extensive skin benefits of mineral oil. International journal of cosmetic science. 2012 Dec 1;34(6):511-8.

12 Patzelt A, Lademann J, Richter H, et al. In vivo investigations on the penetration of various oils and their influence on the skin barrier. Skin Research and Technology. 2012 Aug 1;18(3):364-9.

13 Djordjevic L, Primorac M, Stupar M. In vitro release of diclofenac diethylamine from caprylocaproyl macrogolglycerides based microemulsions. Int J Pharm. 2005;296:73–79.

14 Djekic L, Primorac M. The influence of cosurfactants and oils on the formation of pharmaceutical microemulsions based on PEG-8 caprylic/capric glycerides. International Journal of Pharmaceutics. 2008 Mar 20;352(1):231-9.

15 Pardeike J, Schwabe K, Müller RH. Influence of nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC) on the physical properties of the Cutanova Nanorepair Q10 cream and the in vivo skin hydration effect. International journal of pharmaceutics. 2010 Aug 30;396(1):166-73.

16 Pedersen S, Marra F, Nicoli S, Santi P. In vitro skin permeation and retention of parabens from cosmetic formulations. Interna-tional journal of cosmetic science. 2007 Oct 1;29(5):361-7.

17 Polaskova J, Pavlackova J, Vltavská P, et al. Moisturizing effect of topical cosmetic products applied to dry skin. J Cosmet Sci. 2013 Sep 1;64:329-40.

18 Fruijtier-Pölloth C. Safety assessment on polyethylene glycols (PEGs) and their derivatives as used in cosmetic products. Toxicol-ogy. 2005 Oct 15;214(1):1-38.

19 Vaddi HK, Ho PC, Chan SY. Terpenes in propylene glycol as skin‐penetration enhancers: Permeation and partition of haloperi-dol, fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and differential scanning calorimetry. Journal of pharmaceutical sciences. 2002 Jul 1;91(7):1639-51.

20 Panchagnula R, Salve PS, Thomas NS, Jain AK, Ramarao P. Transdermal delivery of naloxone: effect of water, propylene gly-col, ethanol and their binary combinations on permeation through rat skin. International journal of Pharmaceutics. 2001 May 21;219(1):95-105.

21 Larrucea E, Arellano A, Santoyo S, Ygartua P. Combined effect of oleic acid and propylene glycol on the percutaneous penetration of tenoxicam and its retention in the skin. European journal of pharmaceutics and biopharmaceutics. 2001 Sep 30;52(2):113-9.